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The fact that the once geographically enormous culture of the Celts was basically pushed into the corners of two islands, that are themselves on the corner of a continent, really gives you an idea of how almost ubiquitous cultures and languages can just disappear
Well... two Islands and a bit of France. The Bretons originate from Cornish who emigrated to Britanny after the Romans left the British Isles. Their language is very similar to Welsh and Cornish.
Apparently celts might have been germanics who either assimilated to a unknown culture along the road.. or that their language evolved enough to look different to germanic Cause celt and germanic were very similar in looks and customs
In the end, the cultures live on not because how fascinating or high functional they are, but because of how much they keep records of things. Romans were very good at documenting, that's why even after the fall of Rome, we know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths. Lesson is, gotta write my autobiography someday so that people don't remember me through the descriptions of my haters.
Much like oral history, written history does not *_reliably_* survive long unless is it continuously being *_actively_* preserved anyway. Keeping written records does not necessarily prevent the loss of History and culture through conquests and colonizations. Just ask literally the entire world outside of the greco-roman world and early-modern european empires. We _"know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths"_ because Roman society and culture literally dominated most of the known society and History of all of of the nations that eventually conquered the entire world. So, those records were *_actively_* preserved and deemed important while others were not. Even if the Ostrogoths had meticulously written down everything we'd want to know about them, the majority of it would probably not have survived to this day. And the Ostrogoths were still conquerers themselves, so imagine how less likely it it for colonized society and culture to survive long in comparison. Also, getting back to the video itself: the continental Celts did have writing, they used it at least for trade, diplomacy, administrative purposes, etc. Writing on rolled bark sheets is how Uercingetorix coordinated the Arverni Confederation's counterattack on the Siege of Alesia from inside the walls. We have archeological finds of gaulish dialects written using a phoenician-derived system highly similar to the Greek alphabet. Gaulish money had words written on it. Losing History and culture isn't a problem of "not having the written word", the problem is that as far as we know, not much writing *survived*. This stuff was just not actively preserved all the way throughout History like greco-roman culture has been.
tl;dr: Writing an extensive and meticulous autobiography most likely will not change anything in how you are remembered, *if* you are remembered at all.
No wonder The Romans never recorded it. A small village of madmen able to hold out against Caesar and the might of Rome! Somewhere though there may exist a scroll, or parchment, or some other record, in some far off land, chronicling the arrival of 2 visitors and a small dog with superhuman strength.
It's been a while since I thumbed through the comic, but I vaguely recall something about mistletoe being his secret ingredient. Related PSA: don't mess around with mistletoe, kids
@@mercianthane2503 l don't believe that if we are talking only for ancient history then the ancient Egyptians the Achaemenids , Carthage Chinese the Indians have a big part in ancient history .historians haven't study well the Celts because they didn't left behind any written scripts
This video reminds me of how the Gauls were semi-accurately depicted in Civilization VI as an industrial-focused nation. As stated in this video, they were not primitive hunter-gatherers, they were a highly cultured and industrialised nation that were amongst the greatest artisans and metalsmiths of their era.
They were greatest in their region, don't forget that in Nigeria the first ironworking appeared around 1000BC which is earlier than the celtic discovery of iron
@@NoRockinMansLand thats why he said they were aongst the greatest, not the greatest themselves. he appreciated their abilities by saying they were one of the best.
That or the iolei tribals of Sardinia that resisted the Phoenicians, (early and later)carthaginians and romans for a longgggg time they existed since the Bronze Age atleast if not farther back an even older epoch :3 plus they are in total war so- get to it’ xD
Bonus fact: in Ireland, the Celtic god Lugh was the chief deity, Lugh Lamfada, god of all arts and crafts and king of the gods. When Ireland was Christianized, the old hills, sídhe, were believed to be refuges were the old gods fled and hid from the Christians, much like Celtic culture became oppressed and hid away. Over time, these hills would become known as the fairy hills, and the old gods were downgraded to fairies. But not Lugh. His name got bastardized to Lugh Cromfain, or 'Old Stooping Lugh', which, when legend faded to myth, became Leprechaun.
In ancient Gaul, there was a Lugh too, but called Lug. God of Arts and Crafts as Lugh, the Romans did recognized him as Hermes, emphasizing that Lug was the most worshipped god in Gaul. In modern-day France, the city of Lyon was originally named Lugdunum, "City of Lug".
@@adrienfleury8118 That's interesting, just realised that the root 'dunum' has common linguistic origins with the Celtic Britons' language because here in England it's also used in place names like Camulodunum, the original name for Colchester, meaning 'fortress of Camulos' (a Celtic god of war and the theorized inspiration for the naming of the legendary castle of Camelot). After a bit of research it seems dunum is derived from 'dunon' - 'dunum' being the Latinized version.
Great to see the Celtic peoples getting some time in the spotlight. Sure, Roman and Hellenic history is interesting, but the enigmatic and mysterious Celtic peoples are just as fascinating; their cultural influences and independent spirit have against all odds endured to this very day.
I taught 7th grade history, which was mostly European based, with China, Japan later in the school year, and always the year started with Egyptians and Babylonians. Anyway, along with Greeks and Romans I included a unit on Celts for a few days. It was easy enough to copy out pages from the few historic books on them, and then there was a video I copied off the old History Channel that had a segment on Celts and their wars with Rome, and it showed a map of Europe under Celtic "rule" that diminished as the Romans started to expand in the 200s BCE. So, Celtic Europe's vastness was there to see: about three quarters of Iberia, Gaul, Britain/Ireland, Northern Italy and the Balkans, and that bit of Southern Turkey and that tiny bit of Poland as their easternmost territory, with no one tribe or emperor ruling all that vast territory.
If you're familiar with the background music, could you please tell me what it is that's playing at roughly 8:30, with the woman singing in the background? It doesn't seem to be from the CIV6 gaul soundtrack, so I can't find it.
This channel is a jewel, not just because of how well researched and explained everything is, but also because of its wide range. I hope you can make some more videos on the Celts and maybe the other Italian civilizations before Rome became an Empire.
They do, in fact, already have at least one video on pre-Roman Italy, talking about the Etruscans before conquest and their influence on Roman society after.
Yes they have some videos about the history of Italy before the Romans . It would be very interesting to see the realisations between the Etruscans North and Central Italy the Greeks south Italy and Sicily ( magna grecia ) the Carthaginians and the tribes of central italy the Lucanians samnites brutii messapii
I would also be interested to see a video focused on surveying more cultures of Italy before Roman dominance. The video on Etruscan is fascinating, and I would love to learn more about cultures and languages that may have influenced the early Roman identity.
There are more Celtic names surviving through other languages as well, the Region of Galata and the Galatasarai team in Turkey, in Greek, France is called Galia and Switzerland is called Elvetia.
Also Bohemia, Bavaria and Bolognia are all named after the celtic Boii tribe. And Veneto + Venice and through those also Venezuela are named after the tribe of the Venetii.
@@swissmilitischristilxxii3691 Oh great, thanks for the heads up, it has been a long time since I collected stamps, and have only ever heard it referred to as Switzerland since. Cheers and keep safe.
Do the Germanic people next! I am very curious about them, their difference to Celtic Tribes and how their societal traditions carried on to medieval age and probably to the modern era.
@@aldosigmann419 While many celtic people have been absorbed by the germanic tribes, we know that large parts of modern day Bavaria were multiple times mostly abandoned and were settled by germanic tribes during late antiquity.
@@thezeitos469 They were most likely just Gauls that adopted the Germanics culture and hence language. Western Europeans are basically racially the same people with different languages.
@@donaldseigel4101 well during romanticism people thought that their descendants were the south slavs, because they lived in the territories that belonged to Ancient Illyria.But this theory goes down because salvic tribes came to Balkan only during 6/7th century and fought against the native Illyrian population.South Slavs may have some percentage of Illyiran blood because of getting mixed but still they don't inherit their language,names,tradition etc.While a german theory and the most popular one among the modern world(most of slavs hate it and disagree) it's that the most direct descendants are albanians,there are many facts and incommon things they share with ancient illyrians starting from language,names,tradition,territories where they live,DNA etc!
There are two broad types of neopagans. Historical reconstructionists with real faith in and honor of the Old Gods... ...and Disney princess fluff-bunny Wiccans, Odin-corrupting neo-Nazis, and others who corrupt the Old Ways and dishonor the gods.
People will believe what they wish. They always have. Religious beliefs, when you get right down to it, are often not that silly in the grand scheme of things. If people want to connect there personal beliefs and desire for spiritual fulfillment to a tradition they barely understand which even expert historians only grasp in fragments, then either there are worse things they could do or they would probably be doing those worse things anyways. If one or more gods exist, they must be used to insults or no humans would be left, a thing we can all probably learn from.
Thanks for speaking on the topic of their hair. I have been so curious about why in every depiction of Celts, we see atleast one person with their hair standing up in spikes. Once again, thanks!
THANK YOU !! Celtics people have been considered for centuries like an obscure, barbaric people (losers of war always get a bad rap I suppose and Romans did a great job at discrediting them ), yet, those past decades, we finally re-discover and understand more those amazing, SMART, people. They ARE also part of our heritage.
thats just how it is, the losers get sterotyped while the winners get propped up. people don't care about many civilizations even if they went toe to toe or even surpassed the favorites of historians. Another example other than the celts were the arabs. They were some of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in human history and have so many achievements, but modern history just paints them as backwards expansionist morons and post ww1 they were slandered hard. the winners have to make themselves look good to justify the mistreatment of the losers.
A great video, quality graphics too. Very good summary, congratulations. If I was to nit-pick, Northern Italy is overlooked a bit. Celts were there before the Gaulish invasion (c. 400 b.C.), check the Golasecca culture, and Lepontii across the Alps. It is not a trivial thing, as their role in culture-exchange between the Mediterranean and Continental Europe was quite prominent and is being looked at with renewed interest. Also, Etruscans did not engage in capillary settlement of Northern Italy, which was largely unpopulated, but established a few mercantile-military footholds aimed at controlling the trading routes. Otherwise, excellent job, 10/10, I'm happy to be a subscriber.
Watching this brilliant video about Celts while listening to celtic/folk metal is a combination which cannot get better by any means!!! Once more, Kings and Generals know how to deliver the goods!!!! Congrats to you guys, you deserve it!
Absolutely love this series, your best yet! It’d be awesome if you discussed peoples whose origins are not as often discussed but are still notable in history - like the early Italic peoples and the first Hellenic invaders meeting the so-called “Pelasgians.”
@@mbathroom1 it's a pretty well known fact here in Québec. We have a region called Les Basques for that reason. *But* the thing is, the Basque fishermen did not recognize this as anything new, they themselves probably did not think they "discovered" it. As far as we know, they had no idea that the land was unknown to the rest of Europe. They probably just assumed it was some island in the Atlantic that scholars already knew about but that no other europeans bothered to visit.
Epona was a gaulish goddess, the protector of horses, and her sect became quite popular among the horsemen and horse keepers of the imperial roman army.
@@Baccanaso At least, it's based on what japanese people _think_ celtic aesthetics look like. Imagine if weaboos were held as the standard for what japanese culture is.
Excellent, i was eagerly awaiting for this serie ! Nothing to say you covered it pretty well. Soon we will hear about the Bagaudoi, Argoi, Eporedoi, cingetoi, cauaroi, solduroi, ambactoi, and i'm sure you'll cover the galatian epic to boot !
Thank you for making this video. I'm actually writing a story based in late Republic era of Rome and one of the major characters is an Avernii Gaul, so I've been learning about Gaul and the Celts for a while and find them fascinating. I wish we had more info, but it's nice to see them getting some appreciation.
Congratulations guys and girls, I like the way this channel is going. You are becoming a remarkable resource for historical understanding. While your topics are far more extensive than my knowledge, from what I have seen, what you present aligns well with what I do know.
@@jonbaxter2254 The people are still there; the roman genocide did not simply exterminate everyone in western Europe. They just stopped being culturally-celtic.
"This day is against us. Every day is against us. We who's father's father's told Alexander that they feared only that the sky should fall. Who held all Europe's fields - are driven into the west. Ever west. The souls of places have died because no-one remembers their true names" Old west highland poem.
I have tried to learn as much as possible about the Celtic cultures as they have always intrigued me and I have to say of the several documentaries and break downs of the history/culture of the Celts yours I have found to be the most informative and enjoyable.
Just last week I was reading about the Celts and wanted to know more about them. This came at the exact right time for me, as if you actually read my mind! Thank you very much for this!!!
@@savioblanc It'sthe name of a people, not a region. The Helvetii famously tried to migrate *out* of that region, but were eventualy stopped by Caesar's invasion, allegedly to "pacify the region (he pulled a George W. Bush).
I really enjoyed this more detailed video about economic, cultural, social makeup. Those details add depth to the dynamics of human history. Specially to know the organization and division of labor is of great value personally for me to understand the context.
12:15 or the Celtic word Galā meaning “able” or Greek γάλα (gála) meaning “milk” refereeing to either their pale complexion or their high lactose tolerance compared to Mediterraneans. In fact these options are more likely as Proto germanic walhaz couldn’t become something like gaul until it entered the French language where initial w- became gu- as can be seen in Guillaume the French version of William.
mediterraneans tolerate lactose as well as every other european, as sheep and goat milk and their cheeses have been a staple of our diet for many millenia.
"meanwhile magic potions that bestow superhuman strength on their drinkers are regrettably absent from druidic historiography" Really? Are you telling me that Caesar did indeed conquer all of Gaul? All of it?
Interesting. In "Portugal" there is an Gaelic word. "-gal" > "cale". I dont know what it means though and I'm not sure if I wrote it right Edit: I corrected the word. It's "cale", not "cále". This word is presumed to be a Proto-Celtic word and means either "Fort" or "Harbour". When the Romans came in, they used the name and placed "portus" before it, hence "portus cale", which became later "Portugal".
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 Gauls mostly lived in Switzerland, Southern Germany and France, the Belgae of Belgium and the modern day Netherlands were said to be mixed with Germanic tribes. (Roman sources describe them as more Germanic looking)
Watching Kings And Generals is like a drug, you watch the newest episode, finish it, immediately wanting another episode. This channel is a precious treasure. ⚔️ Keep up the good work!
Let's not forget about the Gauls of Anatolia. Galatia was a region in north-central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) settled by the Celtic Gauls c. 278-277 BCE.
wow, lol i love this. i used dungeon fog's celtic drops for my campaign. came in clutch sunday even thought this vid hit the tuesday after. Having a Celtic themed campaign, this is a great video! Thank you!
Hi, Great documentary! Congratulations for your exciting work. A humble suggestion if I may: another great civilization which fought the celts were the getae - mentioned by the Greek authors under this name, later mentioned by the romans as Dacian. These ancestors of present day Romanians were also invaded by the celts initially, later on fighting back and driving them west as far as present day Germany. The history of this Thracian branch of people is also worth creating a video on, especially for their martial prowess and their beliefs in immortality. If you choose to create a series of videos on their culture it will give them the credit they deserve, as they are presently forgotten and even in Romania archeologists are more interested in Greek or Roman sites than the many Dacian settlements and fortresses. Thank you again for your inspiring work and all the best from Romania!
Hey Devin, when talking about the British Isles....there's an extra bit of passion in your voice. Prove me wrong! Fantastic as always by the way, keep up the great work!
I'm a Welsh speaker and work on my families farm,we have many ancient Pre Celtic-Celtic ' structures strewn around out land. On one of my video's you will see what I called a 'Norman motte+Bailey hill fort' It turns out it was actually a burial mound for a important person,possibly a type of Lord/king or a Druid.
Nicely informative video. Can't wait for the next one on Celtic Culture. Would love to hear what you have to say about how Celts truly waged war. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
In my hometown, we have kept a very ancient celtic tradition of burning a giant wooden ephigy, normally man shaped, or monster-like. It is supposed to celebrate the death of winter and favour good harvests before the summer. It is specific to this town nowadays and its dependencies. Others in the region don't do this. For historians it is a direct remnant of celtic traditions that somehow survives super locally.
Excellent video! Sometimes the "Helvetic Confederation" is used to talk about the Switzerland and the Helvets are the Helvetii (or at least descendants of them)
Reminds me of the end of Dan Carlin’s “Celtic Holocaust” where the woman in his anecdote asks, “What language are they still speaking in Ireland? It isn’t Roman.”
@@Nicator_ I believe it's that the Gaelic language and culture survived the genocide and failed to be wiped out. As you say Roman's never invaded but I thinks it's more about it sounding cool than anything.
Wow! Cool! I am reading the book Myths and Legends of the Celts, by James MacKillop, right now. In fact, I was reading it when I saw the notification of this video. Very nice :)
In Brittany (region of western France) some people still speak a language of Celtic origin. The toponymy of places and family names are proof of this. There is also a renewal and a desire to promote and maintain this language locally at school. In addition, the signs announcing the names of towns and villages are in both French and Breton. This region of France is strongly marked culturally speaking, in particular by music, fest-noz, Bagads (Musical formations based on traditional instruments of Brittany, bombards, bagpipes, binious, which plays marching music), folk festivals and the inter-Celtic festival of Lorient which takes place every August 15th.
my school pals in Scotland (in the 80s) used to go to the Fetes in Quimper and play in their bagpipe (cornemuse, the big ones) band every summer - they loved it
Thank you for this well documented and synthetic video ! But I would like to bring a further information in your depiction of Celtic hierarchy. The one you describe is indeed the one that match the Hallsatt and early la Tene period, accordingly to what the scientific found. But you forget to mention the dynamic that affect the later La Tene period, especially in Gallic area, where city State system likes are far more common. Parisis, Eduani, and several other tribes are described by Caesar as having their own kind of "Senate", where members of the aristocracy dispute their internal struggle for power. By the first century, many tribes (mostly based around a fortified urban center serving as a meeting point, called oppidum by the roman) were even forming some kind of leagues. At this time, the power of the nobility is thought to have been more challenged by the wealthiest of the lower class. I Can only recommend the works on the subject of deceased french historian Christian Goudineau. Anyway, I will watch the next videos with great interest !
Did you know that we have a patreon? www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals We do, and it gives early access to the videos, access to the schedule, our discord server, and much more
no i didn't
Yes I knew
No sadly
I’ll ask the wife if it’s OK but I am seriously thinking about joining your Patreon Kings
thanks for taking my recommendation KG
The fact that the once geographically enormous culture of the Celts was basically pushed into the corners of two islands, that are themselves on the corner of a continent, really gives you an idea of how almost ubiquitous cultures and languages can just disappear
Well... two Islands and a bit of France. The Bretons originate from Cornish who emigrated to Britanny after the Romans left the British Isles. Their language is very similar to Welsh and Cornish.
There Languages has made a impact on Lombard apparently
@@alganhar1 British and Irish isles.
I’m not British.
Apparently celts might have been germanics who either assimilated to a unknown culture along the road.. or that their language evolved enough to look different to germanic
Cause celt and germanic were very similar in looks and customs
"really gives you an idea of how almost ubiquitous cultures and languages can just disappear" why look at the past? we're living it.
"Those in power write the history, while those who suffer write the songs"
- Frank Harte
"These hoes ain't loyal" - Gandhi
"Our words are backed by nuclear weapons." - Hammurabi
"I'm not saying it was aliens..." - Montezuma
"Make your own quotes"- Me
viva la resistencia
That was really well-made and very enjoyable to watch.
Big fan of your music for many years. Where I belong particularly spoke to me back in 2010/2011. I had you in mind when I saw this video was on celts
OMG IT'S YOU!!
@Wisdom Perception Really?
@Wisdom Perception no
adrian von ziegler the legend himself!
In the end, the cultures live on not because how fascinating or high functional they are, but because of how much they keep records of things. Romans were very good at documenting, that's why even after the fall of Rome, we know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths. Lesson is, gotta write my autobiography someday so that people don't remember me through the descriptions of my haters.
Don’t worry, in all likelihood no one will remember you at all.
i mean... is it wrong to not be remembered?
@@rifkifanani3694 I'd say it's a blessing :)
Much like oral history, written history does not *_reliably_* survive long unless is it continuously being *_actively_* preserved anyway.
Keeping written records does not necessarily prevent the loss of History and culture through conquests and colonizations. Just ask literally the entire world outside of the greco-roman world and early-modern european empires. We _"know more about every little nuances of Roman history than the history of Ostrogoths"_ because Roman society and culture literally dominated most of the known society and History of all of of the nations that eventually conquered the entire world. So, those records were *_actively_* preserved and deemed important while others were not. Even if the Ostrogoths had meticulously written down everything we'd want to know about them, the majority of it would probably not have survived to this day. And the Ostrogoths were still conquerers themselves, so imagine how less likely it it for colonized society and culture to survive long in comparison.
Also, getting back to the video itself: the continental Celts did have writing, they used it at least for trade, diplomacy, administrative purposes, etc. Writing on rolled bark sheets is how Uercingetorix coordinated the Arverni Confederation's counterattack on the Siege of Alesia from inside the walls. We have archeological finds of gaulish dialects written using a phoenician-derived system highly similar to the Greek alphabet. Gaulish money had words written on it.
Losing History and culture isn't a problem of "not having the written word", the problem is that as far as we know, not much writing *survived*. This stuff was just not actively preserved all the way throughout History like greco-roman culture has been.
tl;dr: Writing an extensive and meticulous autobiography most likely will not change anything in how you are remembered, *if* you are remembered at all.
No records of potions granting superhuman strenght?
That's what the Romans wanted us to think!
That’s what we all want to think
E
@@huanquocmanh416 and night raiding
These UA-camrs are crazy. (toc-toc-toc)
There is no record that is what the Romans wanted us to think either.
If there are no records about the Magic Potion, that's because Getafix did his job well.
well druids are forbidden to write a record of their knowledge
No wonder The Romans never recorded it. A small village of madmen able to hold out against Caesar and the might of Rome! Somewhere though there may exist a scroll, or parchment, or some other record, in some far off land, chronicling the arrival of 2 visitors and a small dog with superhuman strength.
He actually just gave Asterix RAD140 (Testolone)
@Imperium Productions Here's another Asterix fan, by Belissima!
It's been a while since I thumbed through the comic, but I vaguely recall something about mistletoe being his secret ingredient. Related PSA: don't mess around with mistletoe, kids
Oh man, I cannot wait for the next episode. The invasion of Celts on the Greek states during the Diadochi era is vastly ignored at schools.
Me too l can't wait for battle of Thermopylae the attack against the oracle of Delphi and the battle of Lysimachia
Remember, for most historians, only greek and roman culture matter, and they jerk off thinking about Caesar.
@@mercianthane2503 l don't believe that if we are talking only for ancient history then the ancient Egyptians the Achaemenids , Carthage Chinese the Indians have a big part in ancient history .historians haven't study well the Celts because they didn't left behind any written scripts
Mercian Thane That may partially be true but we simply dont know that much about these peoples
@@Montechristoss
Heck, even the egyptians are left out in many situations.
This video reminds me of how the Gauls were semi-accurately depicted in Civilization VI as an industrial-focused nation. As stated in this video, they were not primitive hunter-gatherers, they were a highly cultured and industrialised nation that were amongst the greatest artisans and metalsmiths of their era.
They were greatest in their region, don't forget that in Nigeria the first ironworking appeared around 1000BC which is earlier than the celtic discovery of iron
@@NoRockinMansLand thats why he said they were aongst the greatest, not the greatest themselves.
he appreciated their abilities by saying they were one of the best.
Still better than in astérix et obélix.
If they are highly cultures and industrialised, how did they their culture got replaced by Romans?
@@NoRockinMansLand No, about the same time. The Iron Age starts about 1000 BCE in Europe.
Do the Basques in the future! The history of the Basque people is so interesting and strange and mysterious.
Sorry if I stole your comment to made a reply on KaG pinned comment, hope you have a great day bro
That or the iolei tribals of Sardinia that resisted the Phoenicians, (early and later)carthaginians and romans for a longgggg time they existed since the Bronze Age atleast if not farther back an even older epoch :3 plus they are in total war so- get to it’ xD
No
Euskal herria
The year is 3049, and the Basque people have formed an interplanetary empire, with its capital based on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.
Bonus fact: in Ireland, the Celtic god Lugh was the chief deity, Lugh Lamfada, god of all arts and crafts and king of the gods. When Ireland was Christianized, the old hills, sídhe, were believed to be refuges were the old gods fled and hid from the Christians, much like Celtic culture became oppressed and hid away. Over time, these hills would become known as the fairy hills, and the old gods were downgraded to fairies. But not Lugh. His name got bastardized to Lugh Cromfain, or 'Old Stooping Lugh', which, when legend faded to myth, became Leprechaun.
Dagda
Isn't the dagada the cheif deity?
In ancient Gaul, there was a Lugh too, but called Lug. God of Arts and Crafts as Lugh, the Romans did recognized him as Hermes, emphasizing that Lug was the most worshipped god in Gaul. In modern-day France, the city of Lyon was originally named Lugdunum, "City of Lug".
@@adrienfleury8118 That's interesting, just realised that the root 'dunum' has common linguistic origins with the Celtic Britons' language because here in England it's also used in place names like Camulodunum, the original name for Colchester, meaning 'fortress of Camulos' (a Celtic god of war and the theorized inspiration for the naming of the legendary castle of Camelot). After a bit of research it seems dunum is derived from 'dunon' - 'dunum' being the Latinized version.
Lugh= LUGO, SPAIN
Great to see the Celtic peoples getting some time in the spotlight. Sure, Roman and Hellenic history is interesting, but the enigmatic and mysterious Celtic peoples are just as fascinating; their cultural influences and independent spirit have against all odds endured to this very day.
I taught 7th grade history, which was mostly European based, with China, Japan later in the school year, and always the year started with Egyptians and Babylonians. Anyway, along with Greeks and Romans I included a unit on Celts for a few days. It was easy enough to copy out pages from the few historic books on them, and then there was a video I copied off the old History Channel that had a segment on Celts and their wars with Rome, and it showed a map of Europe under Celtic "rule" that diminished as the Romans started to expand in the 200s BCE. So, Celtic Europe's vastness was there to see: about three quarters of Iberia, Gaul, Britain/Ireland, Northern Italy and the Balkans, and that bit of Southern Turkey and that tiny bit of Poland as their easternmost territory, with no one tribe or emperor ruling all that vast territory.
south wales took the romans 60 years to defeat, makes the rest of europe and britain, look like a bunch of sissys lol :)
Watching Kings and Generals while Civilization VI music is in the background is the very pinnacle of the UA-cam experience.
Superb job.
What track is this exactly?
@@postpan I think it might be the national track for Gaul (Ambiorix)
Civ 5 Celt too
If you're familiar with the background music, could you please tell me what it is that's playing at roughly 8:30, with the woman singing in the background? It doesn't seem to be from the CIV6 gaul soundtrack, so I can't find it.
@@adriancaine5278 I cannot be certain of that piece but i did recently play Gaul so if this is a Civ 6 soundtrack it does not belong to Gaul.
This channel is a jewel, not just because of how well researched and explained everything is, but also because of its wide range. I hope you can make some more videos on the Celts and maybe the other Italian civilizations before Rome became an Empire.
They do, in fact, already have at least one video on pre-Roman Italy, talking about the Etruscans before conquest and their influence on Roman society after.
And they have the Samnites video and Samnite war video too
Thank you for telling me guys, I was hoping for videos about Samnite Lifestyle, and the lifestyles of other inhabiting what is now Italy.
Yes they have some videos about the history of Italy before the Romans . It would be very interesting to see the realisations between the Etruscans North and Central Italy the Greeks south Italy and Sicily ( magna grecia ) the Carthaginians and the tribes of central italy the Lucanians samnites brutii messapii
I would also be interested to see a video focused on surveying more cultures of Italy before Roman dominance. The video on Etruscan is fascinating, and I would love to learn more about cultures and languages that may have influenced the early Roman identity.
There are more Celtic names surviving through other languages as well, the Region of Galata and the Galatasarai team in Turkey, in Greek, France is called Galia and Switzerland is called Elvetia.
Also Bohemia, Bavaria and Bolognia are all named after the celtic Boii tribe. And Veneto + Venice and through those also Venezuela are named after the tribe of the Venetii.
Switzerland used to be known as Helvetia as evidenced on old postage stamps.
@@swissmilitischristilxxii3691 Oh great, thanks for the heads up, it has been a long time since I collected stamps, and have only ever heard it referred to as Switzerland since. Cheers and keep safe.
@@ianwilkinson4602 Both is true. CH is still used.
@@cegesh1459 I always wondered what CH meant, and now thanks to you guys I know. Greetings from the Celtic land of Cymru [ Wales ] Heddych [ Peace ]
I would like to express my gratitude to you people that made this video! Looking forward for the next one.
Me too! They make very informative and interesting videos.
Do the Germanic people next! I am very curious about them, their difference to Celtic Tribes and how their societal traditions carried on to medieval age and probably to the modern era.
They already did.
@@aldosigmann419 Germanics. They migrated into the area during the great migration long after the celts were already gone.
@@aldosigmann419 While many celtic people have been absorbed by the germanic tribes, we know that large parts of modern day Bavaria were multiple times mostly abandoned and were settled by germanic tribes during late antiquity.
Bavarians are hybrid of germanic and celtic tribe
@@thezeitos469 They were most likely just Gauls that adopted the Germanics culture and hence language. Western Europeans are basically racially the same people with different languages.
“The history of Europe’s most enigmatic people”
*angry Basque noises*
All basque noises are angry 😁
How mysterious are the Basque? We still do not know what their angry noises had sounded like!
@@lostfox27 can confirmed, i have a basque cousin.
@@donaldseigel4101 what about Illyrians?
@@donaldseigel4101 well during romanticism people thought that their descendants were the south slavs, because they lived in the territories that belonged to Ancient Illyria.But this theory goes down because salvic tribes came to Balkan only during 6/7th century and fought against the native Illyrian population.South Slavs may have some percentage of Illyiran blood because of getting mixed but still they don't inherit their language,names,tradition etc.While a german theory and the most popular one among the modern world(most of slavs hate it and disagree) it's that the most direct descendants are albanians,there are many facts and incommon things they share with ancient illyrians starting from language,names,tradition,territories where they live,DNA etc!
Thank you for pointing out that New Age cosplay is not based on the real Druids.
There are two broad types of neopagans.
Historical reconstructionists with real faith in and honor of the Old Gods...
...and Disney princess fluff-bunny Wiccans, Odin-corrupting neo-Nazis, and others who corrupt the Old Ways and dishonor the gods.
People will believe what they wish. They always have. Religious beliefs, when you get right down to it, are often not that silly in the grand scheme of things. If people want to connect there personal beliefs and desire for spiritual fulfillment to a tradition they barely understand which even expert historians only grasp in fragments, then either there are worse things they could do or they would probably be doing those worse things anyways. If one or more gods exist, they must be used to insults or no humans would be left, a thing we can all probably learn from.
Throws a ball wad of paper while yelling "Dwarven Fireball" & waves magic staff..😁🔥💥
@@SimuLord odin worshippers!??
More like new age liberal hippies
@@SimuLord Not really. They all are cosplayers ignoring history.
I wonder when you're going to receive an award for your entire channel work, absolutely stunning
Thanks for speaking on the topic of their hair. I have been so curious about why in every depiction of Celts, we see atleast one person with their hair standing up in spikes. Once again, thanks!
Guy Fieri's ancestors, perhaps?
Ancient Gauls invented "Animé hair".
Won’t stop me from avenging the Battle of Pendraic for the Empire.
Battle of Pendraic?I have never heard of this battle
@@nebsam7137 It's not a story the Calradians would tell you
Have you heard of the Calredians?
@@FriedOrc Hmm and who are they?
@@kevincastillomorales4858 no I have not.Who are they?
This led me to became more interested in my Celtic ancestry, I love the art style representing the celts and the history of the cultures and society.
THANK YOU !! Celtics people have been considered for centuries like an obscure, barbaric people (losers of war always get a bad rap I suppose and Romans did a great job at discrediting them ), yet, those past decades, we finally re-discover and understand more those amazing, SMART, people. They ARE also part of our heritage.
thats just how it is, the losers get sterotyped while the winners get propped up.
people don't care about many civilizations even if they went toe to toe or even surpassed the favorites of historians.
Another example other than the celts were the arabs.
They were some of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in human history and have so many achievements, but modern history just paints them as backwards expansionist morons and post ww1 they were slandered hard.
the winners have to make themselves look good to justify the mistreatment of the losers.
because they are
A great video, quality graphics too. Very good summary, congratulations. If I was to nit-pick, Northern Italy is overlooked a bit. Celts were there before the Gaulish invasion (c. 400 b.C.), check the Golasecca culture, and Lepontii across the Alps. It is not a trivial thing, as their role in culture-exchange between the Mediterranean and Continental Europe was quite prominent and is being looked at with renewed interest. Also, Etruscans did not engage in capillary settlement of Northern Italy, which was largely unpopulated, but established a few mercantile-military footholds aimed at controlling the trading routes.
Otherwise, excellent job, 10/10, I'm happy to be a subscriber.
"Meanwhile magic potions that bestow superhuman strength on their drinkers, are regrettably absent from druidic historiography."
Sad Asterix noises.
I've waited a long time for you to make a series dedicated to the Celts
Watching this brilliant video about Celts while listening to celtic/folk metal is a combination which cannot get better by any means!!! Once more, Kings and Generals know how to deliver the goods!!!! Congrats to you guys, you deserve it!
Which band?
@@flexmentallo9993 i think the most characteristic of its genre, Cruachan!!!
Absolutely love this series, your best yet! It’d be awesome if you discussed peoples whose origins are not as often discussed but are still notable in history - like the early Italic peoples and the first Hellenic invaders meeting the so-called “Pelasgians.”
I knew Boston sports were old but I would have never guessed ancient
Well to be fair, Boston is mostly Celtic nowadays anyways
Plastic Paddyland
Basque fishermen from the Azores fished the Grand Banks and dried codfish on Cape Cod and costal Maine before Columbus arrived in the Bahamas.
@@christobalcolon6601 any proof?
@@mbathroom1 it's a pretty well known fact here in Québec. We have a region called Les Basques for that reason. *But* the thing is, the Basque fishermen did not recognize this as anything new, they themselves probably did not think they "discovered" it. As far as we know, they had no idea that the land was unknown to the rest of Europe. They probably just assumed it was some island in the Atlantic that scholars already knew about but that no other europeans bothered to visit.
Celts are my favorite ancient people! Thanks for covering them, I love your approach to history :)
Your channel is amazing your content is consistent, well animated and well researched. Great job as always
Excellent and very well synthesized presentation, as usual with K&G ! Looking forward to viewing the continuation.
So Epona was a Celtic god? Well, it's interesting to finally know where Miyamoto got the name for Link's horse in Ocarina of Time.
Always thought Zelda was based on Celtic myth/aesthetics
yes god of horses
@@Baccanaso it’s a mishmash of different European myths/cultures and aesthetics. Links hat is Scythian, his sword is Breton etc etc
Epona was a gaulish goddess, the protector of horses, and her sect became quite popular among the horsemen and horse keepers of the imperial roman army.
@@Baccanaso At least, it's based on what japanese people _think_ celtic aesthetics look like.
Imagine if weaboos were held as the standard for what japanese culture is.
Excellent, i was eagerly awaiting for this serie ! Nothing to say you covered it pretty well. Soon we will hear about the Bagaudoi, Argoi, Eporedoi, cingetoi, cauaroi, solduroi, ambactoi, and i'm sure you'll cover the galatian epic to boot !
Thank you for making this video. I'm actually writing a story based in late Republic era of Rome and one of the major characters is an Avernii Gaul, so I've been learning about Gaul and the Celts for a while and find them fascinating. I wish we had more info, but it's nice to see them getting some appreciation.
the Celts defeated Rome in Iberia for 200 years
@@Izanagi057 I'm on the second draft of my second book and I hope to have it published by the end of the year.
@@Izanagi057 Thank you very much. I think the second book is a pretty big improvement on the first.
Congratulations guys and girls, I like the way this channel is going. You are becoming a remarkable resource for historical understanding. While your topics are far more extensive than my knowledge, from what I have seen, what you present aligns well with what I do know.
YES! I've been waiting for a Celt documentry on here for ages. I love them, the mystery of it all.
Me too!
To be honest, i think the Celtic and Gaulish language is more beautiful than the Roman language
@@GanjaMasterBlaster Agreed. I wish Celts were still around, just a fascinating culture, art and music
@@jonbaxter2254 We’re still here, in spirit.
@@Mr.HotDogShirtGuy Welsh?
@@jonbaxter2254 The people are still there; the roman genocide did not simply exterminate everyone in western Europe. They just stopped being culturally-celtic.
Geoff Knorr: *composes a piece of music for Sid Meier*
K&G: _"Is for me?"_ 👉🏼👈🏼
Ackchually, he mostly arranges folk music for Civ.
@@budakbaongsiah *Actually*
Sid Meier makes the Civ Games 👍🏼
@@youvebeengreeked
Actually, he hasn't been involved as much as he did since Civ 5.
@@budakbaongsiah Geoff Knorr composed the majority of music in Civ VI
Whats the name if the Song? Its so beautiful.
I love how you rely heavily on facts instead of just hearsay. Super unbiased ; it’s great!
"This day is against us. Every day is against us.
We who's father's father's told Alexander that they feared only that the sky should fall.
Who held all Europe's fields - are driven into the west. Ever west.
The souls of places have died because no-one remembers their true names"
Old west highland poem.
I have tried to learn as much as possible about the Celtic cultures as they have always intrigued me and I have to say of the several documentaries and break downs of the history/culture of the Celts yours I have found to be the most informative and enjoyable.
Just last week I was reading about the Celts and wanted to know more about them. This came at the exact right time for me, as if you actually read my mind! Thank you very much for this!!!
Brilliant choice for a series, this is such an interesting subject!
I've been waiting for this. The artwork is beautiful, the Trees and rain really gives it a romantic Element. Very good video.
Ooo. I’ve been waiting on you to do this one!
Okay, this was really really epic. Thank you for making this.
Switzerland still goes by Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation) from which we get the data code CH and currency short-hand CHF
Cool
@@savioblanc Kind of, yes - it was created in Basel, Switzerland.
@@savioblanc It'sthe name of a people, not a region. The Helvetii famously tried to migrate *out* of that region, but were eventualy stopped by Caesar's invasion, allegedly to "pacify the region (he pulled a George W. Bush).
I really enjoyed this more detailed video about economic, cultural, social makeup. Those details add depth to the dynamics of human history. Specially to know the organization and division of labor is of great value personally for me to understand the context.
Julius Caesar: And I took that personally
I'm from Belgium and it's fascinating to learn more about the group of people we got our name from. Ambiorix is a name everyone knows here.
12:15 or the Celtic word Galā meaning “able” or Greek γάλα (gála) meaning “milk” refereeing to either their pale complexion or their high lactose tolerance compared to Mediterraneans.
In fact these options are more likely as Proto germanic walhaz couldn’t become something like gaul until it entered the French language where initial w- became gu- as can be seen in Guillaume the French version of William.
mediterraneans tolerate lactose as well as every other european, as sheep and goat milk and their cheeses have been a staple of our diet for many millenia.
So is this where the measure of a gallon originated?
"meanwhile magic potions that bestow superhuman strength on their drinkers are regrettably absent from druidic historiography"
Really? Are you telling me that Caesar did indeed conquer all of Gaul? All of it?
You were predestined to be different(Romans 8:29), he who has an ear to hear, let him hear(Mark 4:9).
HALLELUYAH!(PRAISE YE YAH!)
I heard one village at least held out.
maybe he didn't get one village by the sea, but he pretty much exterminated the rest of Gaul and also because filthy rich on selling Gauls as slaves.
Student: "What does Celtic mean?"
Professor: *checks watch*
When you will continue the italic populations series, can you please make an episode about ciaslpine celts and in particular ancient Ligurians?
In modern Greek, France is called Gallia (Γαλλία) while the French people Galli (Γάλλοι)
Interesting. In "Portugal" there is an Gaelic word. "-gal" > "cale". I dont know what it means though and I'm not sure if I wrote it right
Edit: I corrected the word. It's "cale", not "cále". This word is presumed to be a Proto-Celtic word and means either "Fort" or "Harbour". When the Romans came in, they used the name and placed "portus" before it, hence "portus cale", which became later "Portugal".
Which is dumb since most of the Gauls lived in Belgium/South Netherlands.
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 all modern France and northern Italy was known to the Romans as Gaul or Gallia in latin. Gaul is where Gauls live
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 Gauls mostly lived in Switzerland, Southern Germany and France, the Belgae of Belgium and the modern day Netherlands were said to be mixed with Germanic tribes. (Roman sources describe them as more Germanic looking)
@@yourealittlebitfat4344 The Belgae weren't all the Gauls, they were the survivors after Caesar did a gamer move on them.
Watching Kings And Generals is like a drug, you watch the newest episode, finish it, immediately wanting another episode. This channel is a precious treasure. ⚔️ Keep up the good work!
EPIC
“Let us go where the gods have shown us the way and the injustice of our enemies calls us.” - Julius Caesar
Let's not forget about the Gauls of Anatolia. Galatia was a region in north-central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) settled by the Celtic Gauls c. 278-277 BCE.
I love this! One of my favorite people groups because there is so little known! Thank you for this series!!!
wow, lol i love this. i used dungeon fog's celtic drops for my campaign. came in clutch sunday even thought this vid hit the tuesday after. Having a Celtic themed campaign, this is a great video! Thank you!
Greetings from Galatia! :)
Fantastic content I’m really excited about this!!
This is one of the best channels. Such a great video.
14:23 that's such an EPIC way of showing social relations. I love you, Kings and Generals ❤️
Agreed, super cool
Hi,
Great documentary! Congratulations for your exciting work. A humble suggestion if I may: another great civilization which fought the celts were the getae - mentioned by the Greek authors under this name, later mentioned by the romans as Dacian. These ancestors of present day Romanians were also invaded by the celts initially, later on fighting back and driving them west as far as present day Germany. The history of this Thracian branch of people is also worth creating a video on, especially for their martial prowess and their beliefs in immortality. If you choose to create a series of videos on their culture it will give them the credit they deserve, as they are presently forgotten and even in Romania archeologists are more interested in Greek or Roman sites than the many Dacian settlements and fortresses.
Thank you again for your inspiring work and all the best from Romania!
Hey Devin, when talking about the British Isles....there's an extra bit of passion in your voice. Prove me wrong! Fantastic as always by the way, keep up the great work!
What a great video! Truly top grade
Gaulic men wearing pants.
Romans: "BARBARIC CLOTHING!!"
@David Von Fakename *smiles in scotch-gaelic*
I'm a Welsh speaker and work on my families farm,we have many ancient
Pre Celtic-Celtic ' structures strewn around out land.
On one of my video's you will see what I called a 'Norman motte+Bailey hill fort'
It turns out it was actually a burial mound for a important person,possibly a type of Lord/king or a Druid.
This was great! Thank you. Amazing art by the way
What an awesome channel 😱😱😱😱!!!! So enjoyable and didactic!!!!! Thank you so much for the effort put in every video 😊 🤗!!!!!
Nicely informative video. Can't wait for the next one on Celtic Culture. Would love to hear what you have to say about how Celts truly waged war. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
In my hometown, we have kept a very ancient celtic tradition of burning a giant wooden ephigy, normally man shaped, or monster-like. It is supposed to celebrate the death of winter and favour good harvests before the summer. It is specific to this town nowadays and its dependencies. Others in the region don't do this. For historians it is a direct remnant of celtic traditions that somehow survives super locally.
Good work on this channel! So much info
This type of video inspires me to travel, learn, create and listen
probably the best summary of this complicated part of history lve seen so far 👏👏👏👏👏👏
And l LOVE the drawings ❤❤❤
Excellent video! Sometimes the "Helvetic Confederation" is used to talk about the Switzerland and the Helvets are the Helvetii (or at least descendants of them)
Increadible video!! Very well-made with valuable information, congratuallations. Take my like and subscription.
By Toutatis, what a splendid video!!
Great video, as always! I hope that you will create similar videos about Slavs (and Proto-Slavs) and ancient Balkan peoples!
Kelts is just another name of Slavs, but they don't want to admit that.
Rubbish! And they speak the same language do they?
Reminds me of the end of Dan Carlin’s “Celtic Holocaust” where the woman in his anecdote asks, “What language are they still speaking in Ireland? It isn’t Roman.”
Is that a dig against the English or something ?
Probably because Rome never had anything to do with nor any territory in Ireland? I'm not sure I understand.
@@Nicator_ I believe it's that the Gaelic language and culture survived the genocide and failed to be wiped out. As you say Roman's never invaded but I thinks it's more about it sounding cool than anything.
@@danielferreira3573 Right, I see.
What is that book about?
7:29 reminds me of one of the layouts of Barbarian cities in Total War: Attila.
Great video! As a Scot I adore Celtic culture so much!!
Thankyou for making this. ❤ I love this history program
It would be really interesting to see more origin stories of deferent coltures
Every time you drop a video I tell my boss I got a call from my kid's school...And I have no children 🤫😂
"How many times is that school going to call you? Can't you send them to voicemail?"
It's amazing how often K&G blesses us with new content.
This has to be one of the best videos I have seen on youtube.
Wow! Cool! I am reading the book Myths and Legends of the Celts, by James MacKillop, right now. In fact, I was reading it when I saw the notification of this video. Very nice :)
In Brittany (region of western France) some people still speak a language of Celtic origin. The toponymy of places and family names are proof of this. There is also a renewal and a desire to promote and maintain this language locally at school. In addition, the signs announcing the names of towns and villages are in both French and Breton. This region of France is strongly marked culturally speaking, in particular by music, fest-noz, Bagads (Musical formations based on traditional instruments of Brittany, bombards, bagpipes, binious, which plays marching music), folk festivals and the inter-Celtic festival of Lorient which takes place every August 15th.
The Bretons are of a mix of Celts from 4th/5th century migrants from Dunmonia (Roman Britain) and local Gauls.
my school pals in Scotland (in the 80s) used to go to the Fetes in Quimper and play in their bagpipe (cornemuse, the big ones) band every summer - they loved it
I wear your shirts so proud as I spout "facts" to my coworkers. Love the channel
Well presented. Great information. Thanks
Your videos always put me in the mood to delve a little deeper, sometimes Wikipedia, sometimes games. Thankyou
Thank you for this well documented and synthetic video !
But I would like to bring a further information in your depiction of Celtic hierarchy. The one you describe is indeed the one that match the Hallsatt and early la Tene period, accordingly to what the scientific found. But you forget to mention the dynamic that affect the later La Tene period, especially in Gallic area, where city State system likes are far more common. Parisis, Eduani, and several other tribes are described by Caesar as having their own kind of "Senate", where members of the aristocracy dispute their internal struggle for power. By the first century, many tribes (mostly based around a fortified urban center serving as a meeting point, called oppidum by the roman) were even forming some kind of leagues. At this time, the power of the nobility is thought to have been more challenged by the wealthiest of the lower class. I Can only recommend the works on the subject of deceased french historian Christian Goudineau.
Anyway, I will watch the next videos with great interest !
So my main takeaway from this is that my Scottish and Irish Celtic ancestors were total fashionistas! 😂
I've waiting for this for long. Thank you a lot for making my afternoon hahahaha.
Thanks for all the content 🤗
As someone with a Masters in Celtic Studies and Mythology.......well done. 👍🏻😄👌🏼
I'd love to see more about the Celts and Gaels, especially in Ireland!
The Gaels were a Celtic group.
@@TheRickyp83 Yes, so I specified because I want to see more about them specifically.
I wanna learn more about the native celtics of France in the Britanny region.
@@teovu5557 came from Cornwall
Thank you so much. Moving along to next Ancient Celtic Armies.
I love your maps man. Very good content.