Your videos are absolutely amazing. These reactions are soo stressful to learn but thanks to you I'm understanding and I finally feel like I can pass organic chemistry..Thank you soo much!!
Oh man getting a notification on a comment I made 10 years ago is a cool feeling. This would have been from a pre-requisite chem course prior to applying to PA school. I’d already finished college and decided on a career change. Had a lot of challenges in my personal life back then so thank you again for easing some of the pressure! Been a PA for 6 years now and love what I do. May we all have another decade of growth.
thank you so much, I was so confused sbt y the solvents would affect the reaction when they taught this at school. polar solvents help to sorta neutralise the halide ion so a water molecule performs a similar "attack" instead, while in non-polar solvents the X- ion is free to attack making a vicinal dihalide!
3:54 why would oxygen give its lone pair to carbon if its more electronegative then carbon,wouldn't it want to keep the lone pair with itself and at 4:04 i dont understand why the other oxygen wont share its lone pair with positive oxygen? And what relation does that have with electronegativity?I have very weak base of chemistry so if anyone can explain please do!:(
At 3:54, the oxygen does not give its lone pair to carbon. Ultimately, it uses its lone pair to attack one of the hydrogen atoms. It never loses its electrons because, as you pointed out, it's highly electronegative. It only uses them to pull another atom to itself. Then at 4:04, the biggest reason why the oxygen won't attack the other oxygen with the positive charge is because doing so would exceed the octet rule for that positive oxygen. The oxygen atom is not capable of holding more than 8 electrons at a time.
@Leah4sci okay i got the second point! But going back to the first one i was referring at when the first water molecule attacked the carbon due to which it had a formal charge of positive (on oxygen),why would the oxygen at 2:59 give its lone pair to carbon,i know carbon has a positive charge so it would want to form a bond with oxygen but as oxygen is electronegative why would it want to even share its lone pair. wouldn't oxygen give itself a +ve charge which i think oxygen wont prefer
You're correct! The halohydrin formation is an anti addition. I did not go so far as to show the stereochemistry of our products here. I was more concerned with just showing the mechanism. But you are still absolutely correct.
I'm sorry, but I don't offer tutoring over social media. For help with questions like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
Is this Bromine a gas or is it in aqueous solution? If in solution, wouldn't it be hydrobromic acid (H3O+ and Br-)? If a gas, where do the water molecules come from?
Aqueous solution. Elemental bromine is a liquid under normal conditions. It is also completely soluble in water which acts as the inert solvent in this reaction.
Leah please make a video explaining free radicals involving carbon anion rearangement I need that for an entrance exam and my chemistry teacher is not good enough to explain that please 🙏help
Thanks for reaching out to me! The free videos are what I do as I have time. For more help with this topic, feel free to contact me through my website: leah4sci.com/contact
If you use HX then the H adds but the X- remains a spectator in solution. Thus the HX simply acts as an acid catalyst for acid catalyzed hydration rather than halohydrin formation.
I see that the pi bond won't take a Hydrogen from H2O and form an alcohol by the resulting hydroxide bonding at the Carbocation. So I'm guessing that 2 - propene won't react with plain water, at least not very strongly. Maybe because Oxygen is more electroneg than Br.
Correct. Propene prefers to react with the halogen first because it produces a more stable halonium intermediate, in which the positive charge is spread out over a larger space. This is in contrast to being concentrated on a single carbon atom, as would be the case if water were attacked first. For help with questions like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
Ok, this looks more right. I saw another video that did not have the Br in both, that confused me. Learning Chem on UA-cam for fun, so it's always touch and go hahahaha
The way of explaining is excellent,thank you mam this video made the topic easy for me❤
You're very welcome!
Your videos are absolutely amazing. These reactions are soo stressful to learn but thanks to you I'm understanding and I finally feel like I can pass organic chemistry..Thank you soo much!!
dec 15th
So glad I could help you and take some of that stress off of you!
You deserve an award. These trump all other videos and sites!
Thank you so much!
I love how you simplify and explain things. Much love from Zambia
So glad to help!
I'm going to donate to your channel if you have a donation link in the summer when I get a job. You're the best Organic chem teacher I ever had.
Just refer me to others, that's the best donation anyone can give!
thank you so much, I'm trying to review some orgo 1 topics before i start orgo 2 and I've forgotten everything, thank you!!!
That's a great idea! Glad I can help :)
These are all great, your videos have really brought down my anxiety for tomorrow's exam!
So glad to help!
Oh man getting a notification on a comment I made 10 years ago is a cool feeling. This would have been from a pre-requisite chem course prior to applying to PA school. I’d already finished college and decided on a career change. Had a lot of challenges in my personal life back then so thank you again for easing some of the pressure! Been a PA for 6 years now and love what I do. May we all have another decade of growth.
Thanks love!!! I just learned this reaction now, this is a good reinforcer!
You're so very welcome!
Thanks! I've watched a couple of your videos and I have been struggling with Ochem terrible, but these have helped. :)
***** covering hydrobronation and expoxidation right now..:(
So happy I was able to help!
thank you so much, I was so confused sbt y the solvents would affect the reaction when they taught this at school.
polar solvents help to sorta neutralise the halide ion so a water molecule performs a similar "attack" instead, while in non-polar solvents the X- ion is free to attack making a vicinal dihalide!
you're welcome!
Thanks leah you have really helped me
You're very welcome!
3:54 why would oxygen give its lone pair to carbon if its more electronegative then carbon,wouldn't it want to keep the lone pair with itself and at 4:04 i dont understand why the other oxygen wont share its lone pair with positive oxygen? And what relation does that have with electronegativity?I have very weak base of chemistry so if anyone can explain please do!:(
At 3:54, the oxygen does not give its lone pair to carbon. Ultimately, it uses its lone pair to attack one of the hydrogen atoms. It never loses its electrons because, as you pointed out, it's highly electronegative. It only uses them to pull another atom to itself.
Then at 4:04, the biggest reason why the oxygen won't attack the other oxygen with the positive charge is because doing so would exceed the octet rule for that positive oxygen. The oxygen atom is not capable of holding more than 8 electrons at a time.
@Leah4sci okay i got the second point! But going back to the first one i was referring at when the first water molecule attacked the carbon due to which it had a formal charge of positive (on oxygen),why would the oxygen at 2:59 give its lone pair to carbon,i know carbon has a positive charge so it would want to form a bond with oxygen but as oxygen is electronegative why would it want to even share its lone pair. wouldn't oxygen give itself a +ve charge which i think oxygen wont prefer
Really you're a life saver!
Happy to help!
Isn’t Halohydrin show anti stereochemistry so the bond of OH and Cl be on dash or wedge?
You're correct! The halohydrin formation is an anti addition. I did not go so far as to show the stereochemistry of our products here. I was more concerned with just showing the mechanism. But you are still absolutely correct.
all your videos are a great help! thank you very much!
You're so welcome, happy to help!
thank you so much. your videos are always so helpful!
You're welcome, happy to help!
What about halohydrins formed by solvents of X-OH like ClOH. what will get attacked by the double bond first, the cl or the oh?
I'm sorry, but I don't offer tutoring over social media. For help with questions like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
thanks so much ❤️
You are very much welcome. :)
Is this Bromine a gas or is it in aqueous solution? If in solution, wouldn't it be hydrobromic acid (H3O+ and Br-)? If a gas, where do the water molecules come from?
Aqueous solution. Elemental bromine is a liquid under normal conditions. It is also completely soluble in water which acts as the inert solvent in this reaction.
@@Leah4sci Thanks for that (it's been 40 yrs since college and I totally forgot Br is a liquid)! (Enjoying your videos!)
I love you already! :'D
Thanks!
thanks... beyond excellent...
You are welcome! Glad you enjoyed it!
Very helpful video keep teaching
Thank you, I will, and you keep watching!
@@Leah4sci 💗💗💗
what about the stereochemistry of the first reacction, arent the carbons asimetrical?
I chose to focus on the concept rather than stereo in this series as many students cover alkenes before chirality
Leah please make a video explaining free radicals involving carbon anion rearangement I need that for an entrance exam and my chemistry teacher is not good enough to explain that please 🙏help
Thanks for reaching out to me! The free videos are what I do as I have time. For more help with this topic, feel free to contact me through my website: leah4sci.com/contact
Great video! Somehow helped me :)
Glad it helped!
can we use hypohalous acid instead of water and halogen in this case?
If you use HX then the H adds but the X- remains a spectator in solution. Thus the HX simply acts as an acid catalyst for acid catalyzed hydration rather than halohydrin formation.
thank you ma'am.
I see that the pi bond won't take a Hydrogen from H2O and form an alcohol by the resulting hydroxide bonding at the Carbocation. So I'm guessing that 2 - propene won't react with plain water, at least not very strongly. Maybe because Oxygen is more electroneg than Br.
Correct. Propene prefers to react with the halogen first because it produces a more stable halonium intermediate, in which the positive charge is spread out over a larger space. This is in contrast to being concentrated on a single carbon atom, as would be the case if water were attacked first.
For help with questions like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
@@Leah4sci Thanks again!
You are so amazing. ❤❤❤
Thank you so much!!
In propene anti makonikof rule applied???
Halohydrin is a Markovnikov reaction, even on propene
Great work keep it up
Glad you like it!
Omg you're amazing!!
Aww thanks!
why do the 2 electrons from bromine attack the alkene????
At which point in the video?
Ok, this looks more right. I saw another video that did not have the Br in both, that confused me.
Learning Chem on UA-cam for fun, so it's always touch and go hahahaha
Lol. Thanks for watching!
Thank u so muchh......
You're very welcome!
Sooo helpful
I'm so glad!
thanks very much
You're very welcome
thank you
you're so welcome!
awesome video
Glad you liked it!
you are awesome...
thanks!
Excellent. :-)
Glad you enjoyed it
why we are so dumb while atoms are so clever that they know what to do
because we have never been teached this way before i answer my question thanks anyways :)
Hahaha