America and China fight for mineral monopoly

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 24 кві 2024
  • For more information on Westhaven gold, feel free to visit their website: www.westhavengold.com
    They are publicly traded on the TSXV under WHN and the OTC under WTHVF
    This video was sponsored by Westhaven after Caspian Report was engaged for a one-time video on April 2nd 2024.
    For our full disclosure, please visit:
    docs.google.com/document/d/1z...
    #Africa is home to 30 percent of the world’s known critical #minerals, and #America wants to tap into that marketplace. However, #China is miles ahead of the competition.
    Support CaspianReport
    ✔ UA-cam membership ► / @caspianreport
    ✔ Patreon ► / caspianreport
    ✔ PayPal ► www.paypal.me/caspianreport
    ✔ Merchandise ►teespring.com/stores/caspianr...
    Crypto endorsement
    ✔ Bitcoin ► 1MwRNXWWqzbmsHova7FMW11zPftVZVUfbU
    ✔ Ether ► 0xfE4c310ccb6f52f9D220F25Ce76Dec0493dF9aA0
    ✔ Bitcoin Cash ► 1BKLti4Wq4EK9fsBnYWC91caK7NZfUhNw9
    Join us on Facebook or Twitter
    ✔ Twitter ► / caspianreport
    ✔ Facebook ► / caspianreport
    ✔ My equipment and editing software ► www.amazon.com/shop/caspianre...
    Watch CaspianReport in other languages
    ✔ Spanish ► / historiageopol%c3%adtica
    ✔ Russian ► / thecuriouscat
    #ad #sponsored

КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,1 тис.

  • @CaspianReport
    @CaspianReport  22 дні тому +35

    For more information on Westhaven gold, feel free to visit their website: www.westhavengold.com
    They are publicly traded on the TSXV under WHN and the OTC under WTHVF
    This video was sponsored by Westhaven after Caspian Report was engaged for a one-time video on April 2nd 2024.
    For our full disclosure, please visit:
    docs.google.com/document/d/1ztrgUeqTM5g_aiO2fChpfrJ2ixLqOjGU/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=115586744579338048659&rtpof=true&sd=true

    • @oldbordergeek
      @oldbordergeek 21 день тому +9

      pathetik = these investment "deals "

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому +21

      Did you seriously just make a geopolitics video about resources in order to promote a shifty investment offer? This is low Shirvan..

    • @user-yh1nm1vy3i
      @user-yh1nm1vy3i 21 день тому +9

      Are your videos really AI generated?

    • @nwahally
      @nwahally 21 день тому +1

      Regarding this I'd recommend Folding Idea's "About That Idris Elba Gold Documentary", here on YT.

    • @arongoldstein
      @arongoldstein 21 день тому +9

      long time watcher / subscriber. great content as always, however the imbedded ad content is a bit off-putting

  • @aims_
    @aims_ 21 день тому +1073

    So…. Scramble for Africa 2: Electric Boogaloo

    • @064anshumankar2
      @064anshumankar2 21 день тому +38

      This is great movie title btw😅😅

    • @Az0rAh4i
      @Az0rAh4i 21 день тому +10

      Good one 😂😂

    • @mrsBella69
      @mrsBella69 21 день тому +13

      Lmao that’s almost exactly what I thought too
      „So… Just another scramble for Africa.“

    • @setsunatenma9467
      @setsunatenma9467 21 день тому +33

      Scramble for africa never ended

    • @rosameltrozo5889
      @rosameltrozo5889 21 день тому

      Why are africans such pushovers?

  • @RomilCPatel
    @RomilCPatel 21 день тому +177

    The sponsorship of the junior gold mining company is crazy considering I just checked it’s P&L and it’s never had a penny of revenue ever and these sort of exploration plays have lottery ticket like probabilities of an eventual payout. Not to mention that its small market cap and float makes it susceptible to a pump and dump.

    • @fnorgen
      @fnorgen 21 день тому +31

      Why would a mining company with good prospects sponsor a geopolitics channel to run an add for their stocks? A loooong sponsor spot too! It doesn't quite pass the sniff test.

    • @Notimportant253
      @Notimportant253 21 день тому +5

      Good thing I always skip passed ads no matter what it is.

    • @kc4276
      @kc4276 20 днів тому +18

      Good thing I never take financial advice from a UA-cam channel.

    • @LotharTheFellhanded
      @LotharTheFellhanded 20 днів тому +11

      Jesus it’s a fucking scam. Every gold seller is a scammer. Especially in UA-cam ads

    • @captiannemo1587
      @captiannemo1587 20 днів тому +1

      Always a scam

  • @Dsant.
    @Dsant. 21 день тому +518

    what is this 5 minute gold mine ad 💀

    • @elephantman2112
      @elephantman2112 21 день тому +127

      This channel is just a billboard for dodgy sponsors these days. I don’t think he really cares about geopolitical analysis anymore, since a lot of his content is AI-generated.

    • @user-yh1nm1vy3i
      @user-yh1nm1vy3i 21 день тому +1

      @@elephantman2112 it is? AI? What?

    • @DeveloperJake
      @DeveloperJake 21 день тому +8

      @@user-yh1nm1vy3iHis voice, not his content.

    • @nwahally
      @nwahally 21 день тому +15

      Regarding this I'd recommend Folding Idea's "About That Idris Elba Gold Documentary", here on YT.

    • @gameguru1488
      @gameguru1488 21 день тому +49

      @@DeveloperJake his voice is not AI, believe me.

  • @cherrysaplings8166
    @cherrysaplings8166 21 день тому +447

    Crazy how Africa is so rich in resources, but it's people so poor. 😢

    • @sa34w
      @sa34w 21 день тому +159

      Because they don’t know how to manage their nation, the money should go to a Sovereign fund with a good fund manager.

    • @wilhelmbittrich88
      @wilhelmbittrich88 21 день тому

      Poor management and corruption. They should hand over the running of their countries to western nations so they can maximise their potential.

    • @raijinenel3116
      @raijinenel3116 21 день тому

      They are a people who until 100 years ago, most were living in mud huts and in tribes. Unlike Asia and Europe, they didn't develop civilisation on a grand scale, and thus they aren't used to it. That is why when they try and copy the west/asia, they always fall into tribal dictatorships and greed.

    • @roxylius7550
      @roxylius7550 21 день тому +191

      Thanks to decades of western imperialism

    • @veloboy1
      @veloboy1 21 день тому +28

      They should practice protectionism, just isolate yourself and with the love of your people. Work for a better future.

  • @Goombario37
    @Goombario37 18 днів тому +29

    "The mines of Zambia are screaming in rage, now I would like to talk about our sponsor that specializes in mining foreign lands"

  • @kamvazenani4153
    @kamvazenani4153 21 день тому +144

    When elephants fight its the grass that suffers

    • @PepeCoinMania
      @PepeCoinMania 21 день тому +5

      European tried to lecture Zimbabwe how to handle elephants problems that didn’t end well😂

    • @anesupasipanodya
      @anesupasipanodya 21 день тому +9

      It was Botswana ​@@PepeCoinMania

    • @vlhc4642
      @vlhc4642 21 день тому +2

      America is hardly an elephant.

    • @donderstorm1845
      @donderstorm1845 21 день тому

      @@vlhc4642 americans weigh the same as elephants though

    • @yasserhaddadin4279
      @yasserhaddadin4279 21 день тому +4

      @@vlhc4642yes America is a dinosaur

  • @ionpop8
    @ionpop8 21 день тому +289

    Africa: You have freed us!
    US & China: Oh, I wouldn't say "freed", more like "under new management".

    • @paulsteaven
      @paulsteaven 21 день тому +19

      Very accurate. Africans should be smart in electing their leaders who knows how to balance between China and USA.

    • @ugwuanyicollins6136
      @ugwuanyicollins6136 21 день тому

      When have we ever been freed?. The west never left, they have been here since the 1850's and now that China is challenging there monopoly over ours resources, The west are accusing China of everything the west is 100% guilty off.
      And SHAMELESSLY BRANDING themselves as "The morally "superior" " partner who would TOTALLY NOT coup our government and
      replace it with their puppets or
      Fund a Civil war, if the people says "Enough is Enough" or Commit a G side just in case The native deny us of our right to manifest our destiny in Africa. The west would totally not do any of that, that wouldn't after all they are the morally superior kind.

    • @ugwuanyicollins6136
      @ugwuanyicollins6136 21 день тому +11

      ​@@paulsteaven The Colonisers never left

    • @bellhula1535
      @bellhula1535 21 день тому +9

      ​@@ugwuanyicollins6136especially the french still persistent in harming the African people though the whole west is shameless in this regard of colonization even the colonized u.s is doing the same now.

    • @fadex2k890
      @fadex2k890 21 день тому +3

      @@bellhula1535Liberia is not even, and has never been an official colony of the US.

  • @Stealth86651
    @Stealth86651 21 день тому +56

    This is why I've been collecting rocks since I was a kid. Now I have minerals too.

    • @Canonfudder
      @Canonfudder 21 день тому +7

      You require additional vespine gas

    • @zeppelin0110
      @zeppelin0110 19 днів тому +5

      "Jesus Christ, Marie, they're not rocks. They're minerals."

    • @leandersearle5094
      @leandersearle5094 19 днів тому +1

      Ho, ho, ho, now I have [minerals] too?

  • @Cergun_
    @Cergun_ 21 день тому +53

    Surely the competition between the US and China won’t cause instability, turmoil, and wars in Africa?

    • @SGN30
      @SGN30 21 день тому +1

      Isn't it the same case with south America?

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      African countries would be wise in keeping out the Western imperialist USA regime. As the history of Africa with these imperialists tells us, they are only for colonial exploitation of African peoples and resources.

    • @ex0duzz
      @ex0duzz 19 днів тому +4

      China isn't and wasn't responsible for Africas woes. It's their own civil wars and western colonialism. China is responsible for African development and rise.
      Africa has opportunities that would not exist if not for Chinas rise. Just cheap Chinese smartphone, telecoms, networking, construction of road and rail, power plants, ports, and other critical infrastructure has developed Africa more in 2 decades than they have in 2 centuries of "relations" with the West.
      Few hundred million in promises with endless demands and strings attached cannot compete with Chinas trillions with no strings attached.
      China also does not take any historical baggage of colonialism and actually has bonus political points for supporting and helping Africa fight against their former/current colonizers. Same with Russia, who's helping them kick France out of North Africa currently.
      Everyone saw and remembers what USA and West did to Libya. turned it into a slave market shithole when it used to be the richest African country.

    • @Cergun_
      @Cergun_ 19 днів тому +3

      @@ex0duzz I agree, China is good for Africa. But here I’m talking about how the competition between China and the USA could result in destabilizing countries of interest like the DRC. Imagine a scenario where China and the US give weapons to two competing factions fighting in a civil war?

    • @Disillusioned-lg3tj
      @Disillusioned-lg3tj 11 днів тому

      @@ex0duzz Seriously? And the Chinese haven't enslaved their own Uyghurs?
      Have you ever seen the Chinese in Africa? They put nothing back into the economy, bring their own people, consumables, and leave their convict labourers behind when they complete a project. I have seen abandoned projects in Uganda where they just dumped everything because of an economic downturn. And what about those bribes and backhanders...
      Regarding Libya - having the highest GDP doesn't mean wealth for the people. South Africa now has the highest GDP in Africa, but also the highest Gini co-efficient in the world. And as for the civil wars - that is deliberate destabilisation by wealthier countries do they can access the minerals - Wealthy countries also get manipulated like the US (Donald Trump presidency) and Brexit in the UK.
      Maybe Shirvan can take a look at Gini co-efficient and analyse those from a geopolitical perspective.

  • @simplifiedstuff2135
    @simplifiedstuff2135 21 день тому +180

    Me being Zambian watching this...😪
    'Devil in a new dress'

    • @rosameltrozo5889
      @rosameltrozo5889 21 день тому

      Devil?

    • @eldios831
      @eldios831 21 день тому +14

      @@rosameltrozo5889 if you lived in africa you would understand the term 'devil' ....People in the exploiting countries are mostly oblivious of situations but their devil countries do not play around

    • @rosameltrozo5889
      @rosameltrozo5889 21 день тому

      @@eldios831 the devils that brought civilisation and technology that allowed the vast majority of you to be alive today

    • @seanmusona9408
      @seanmusona9408 21 день тому +3

      As a Zimbabwean looking at you guys , you’ve already sold out the worst thing was putting that army in your back yard

    • @KnightOfFaith
      @KnightOfFaith 21 день тому +10

      Zambians would still be running around in loin clothes and hunting with spears if not for foreign intervention.

  • @Knight_Kin
    @Knight_Kin 20 днів тому +21

    "WE WANT A WORLD WITHOUT OIL" Ok then you get a world with MINERALS.

  • @orktv4673
    @orktv4673 21 день тому +66

    That ad sounds like a scam

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      This channel is largely a scam and usually serves the Western propaganda with the garb of info documentary. 🙄🙄🙄🙄

    • @orktv4673
      @orktv4673 20 днів тому +4

      @Marburg-yw4nj How did you know

    • @gregoryturk1275
      @gregoryturk1275 18 днів тому +3

      It is a scam. Never trust a UA-cam sponsorship

  • @No_Name_16
    @No_Name_16 19 днів тому +6

    There are so many inaccuracies in this video😢 ...
    1 - the Lobito Rail way was built by the british, not portuguese and belgians. Sir Robert Williams was delegated to negotiate with the Portuguese government at the time by Sir Cecil Rhodes, as the later played a key role on the ultimatum that made the portuguese give up on the pink map.
    2- After the civil war in Angola, it just happened that the rail line and port was rebuilt by chinese companies. But it is convinient to now ignore that as it doesn't fit with the debt trap narrative.
    3 - Could you please enlighten me which of our rivers is navigable? The only one i could think of would be the Kwanza? But its only navigable up to Dondo which sits around 200km from the coast. If you consider the size of Angola it is negligible.
    4- The Lobito corridor doesn't start in Zambia. It actually starts in the port city of Lobito which gives the name to the corridor. Just like the Luanda corridor starts in Luanda and Moçamedes corridor in Moçamedes. Plus they are talking about the Lobito corridor but keep showing pictures of Luanda down town.
    The Lobito, Luanda and Moçamedes corridors in Angola have been value chains since it's founding, it is not something new the americans are bringing.

  • @ndumbamakayi8111
    @ndumbamakayi8111 21 день тому +141

    The good part about the Internet is that it's difficult to keep on with this negative stereotypes about Africa,I happen to live where the lobito corridor is to pass and you mention that it is rife with disease and conflicts, which is incorrect zambia 🇿🇲 and Angola 🇦🇴 are among, Africa's most peaceful countries.

    • @BestPrezz
      @BestPrezz 21 день тому +38

      AFRICAS most peaceful countrys..

    • @Ironborn4
      @Ironborn4 21 день тому +18

      Well, not for long.. better start building up a military and some alliances

    • @pafkata
      @pafkata 21 день тому +44

      So, almost 30 years civil war in Angola, which ended in 2002 is something to ignore and consider the country as peaceful ?

    • @adedamolamartins3810
      @adedamolamartins3810 21 день тому

      @@pafkatahe said there’s no war again, are you stupid?

    • @fabionelmiguel
      @fabionelmiguel 21 день тому +66

      @@pafkata I live in Angola, it is very peaceful, and safe. There is no wars, or conflicts for more than 20 years, let alone a new war in the horizon. Most Angolans don't give a single dam about wars, we are more worried about the job market, the economy, housing, schooling, family, opening a business, and explore the world, and on... We are more worried about improving our quality of life, and not grabbing a gun to fight for some nonsense war with nonsense ideology.
      That 30 years war was a proxy war, and it ended in 2002. Both groups that fought the 30 years signed a peace & integration agreement. Now, both groups are political parties, and they fight in the congress.
      I'm not saying it is perfect as Singapore, but it is not as crazy as a war Zone.

  • @MultiVigarista
    @MultiVigarista 21 день тому +44

    my country on my favorite geopolitical channel 😎
    viva Angola!

    • @charlesirby1643
      @charlesirby1643 21 день тому

      Angola is irrelevant in the grand scheme of things.

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +6

      Viva a Angola do Brasil
      🇧🇷🤝🇦🇴

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +5

      Triste como Europa,Estados Unidos e China ainda vem a África como colonia de exploração

    • @marolibez
      @marolibez 21 день тому +4

      Brasil e Angola, países irmãos ❤

    • @MultiVigarista
      @MultiVigarista 21 день тому +2

      @@marolibez com certeza!

  • @ionpop8
    @ionpop8 21 день тому +76

    Europe: "Wait a minute... Those are OUR railways!"

    • @Wise101
      @Wise101 21 день тому +11

      they WERE😂

    • @tedcrilly46
      @tedcrilly46 21 день тому +7

      British empire. Probably.

    • @s9ka972
      @s9ka972 21 день тому

      ​@@tedcrilly46 which Britain are you talking about here , the one which is eaten up by Pakistanis and Indians on daily basis ?

    • @surters
      @surters 20 днів тому +3

      @@tedcrilly46 Angola/Mozambique(Portugal), Congo(Belgium), Zambia(British),Tanzania(ex-German, British), Chinese build railway in Tanzania-Zambia later. Zambia is in the real good position to be able to chose either/both/none project

    • @ommsterlitz1805
      @ommsterlitz1805 20 днів тому +4

      @@tedcrilly46 brit weren't builders like France they only did the bare minimum

  • @my_username141
    @my_username141 21 день тому +161

    Harris visited THREE African countries 🤣🤣🤣 What a game changer.

    • @ostricalungimirante
      @ostricalungimirante 21 день тому +7

      😂

    • @panashejmombeshora4021
      @panashejmombeshora4021 21 день тому

      The real game changer is what everyone said about Harris as soon as she left their countries - casual reports of how the woman is crazy and the US is so weak they would send a woman half way across the world not to bring solutions to economic problems but talk about the rights of gays and how we should stop doing business with China.
      Utterly pathetic.
      Game changer my foot

    • @Knight_Kin
      @Knight_Kin 20 днів тому +14

      Lmao right, about as effective as putting her in charge of the US southern border.

    • @anthonyenriquez6309
      @anthonyenriquez6309 20 днів тому

      I’m left wing and even we don’t like her ass

    • @anthonyenriquez6309
      @anthonyenriquez6309 20 днів тому

      @Marburg-yw4nj oh god I hope not… we need an REAL American with new ideas and who wants the best for your average American. Not a crook like trump or status quo enabler like Joe (who’d clearly senile)

  • @thenomad47
    @thenomad47 21 день тому +10

    The funny part is the South African Mining Companies owning almost all the mines in Southern Africa from Zambia down

  • @dcanedemboyz7431
    @dcanedemboyz7431 21 день тому +27

    Cold war all over again 😔

  • @Mesozoic_mammal
    @Mesozoic_mammal 21 день тому +83

    You are now doing ads for companies who want their stockprice pumped? Getting payed to compare the stock of a small gold exploration company to bitcoin in 2018??
    Wow pump and dump is a new low, even for the low ads standards of this channel...

    • @CriminalScum000
      @CriminalScum000 21 день тому +4

      That along with the clear use of AI voice on some videos (maybe more), this channel used to be a lot better lmao

    • @aBigBadWolf
      @aBigBadWolf 21 день тому +5

      and getting paid 27,500 USD for it haha

    • @Mrbriangalvan
      @Mrbriangalvan 20 днів тому +1

      He’s sold his a$$ a while back ago.

  • @David-gy6fv
    @David-gy6fv 21 день тому +72

    Russia has its own belt running from Coast of Sudan to the West Coast Africa. All countries which experienced coup happened to be inviting Russia for support. They have also curved out their space.

  • @agustinmendezposadas
    @agustinmendezposadas 21 день тому +32

    Bruh 1/4 of the video is an ad for mining company

    • @danny_invadio
      @danny_invadio 19 днів тому +2

      Well kinda makes sense, 1/4th of his videos are about resources xD

  • @jontheb123
    @jontheb123 21 день тому +12

    Doing business in Africa is complicated. The US has a long history of funding and arming insurgency groups as well as the Apartheid government. Their best bet would be to hire Executive Outcomes in Angola to oversee and supervise any infrastructure and deals done there. Whether Angola decides to trust the US is a different story altogether. The US has been funding the rebel group, Unita for decades in Angola. Why would the Angolan government suddenly see the US as a gifthorse? Watch this space.
    The Chinese on the other hand, are too trusting and could very well lose money on their investments - especially if the CIA funds rebel groups that go on to attack the railway lines to the east. The Chinese would be equally wise to request assistance from Executive Outcomes - Africa's most accomplished security force with decades of experience in the area.

    • @Pmooli
      @Pmooli 21 день тому

      There is no longer the threat of communism. The USA is not interested in mining, its just there to block China. Australia, Canada have all the minerals they need.
      China messed by building a poor quality railroad in lobito that has fallen apart after a few years. They promised DRC and Zambia that they will build infrastructure with the proceeds of the mines but they built almost nothing.

    • @thetapheonix
      @thetapheonix 21 день тому

      Considering what a terrible job the ANC does in South Africa and how they can’t even keep the power on without load shedding, the Apartheid government America supported did a far better job than whatever masquerades as government there now does.

    • @jamesclarke2789
      @jamesclarke2789 16 днів тому +2

      You do realize that the Chinese also funded and supported UNITA in Angola, right?
      Jonas Savimbi himself was originally trained by the Chinese in Maoist guerilla tactics.
      It's because of the training that the Chinese government gave him that he later ended up being such a useful asset for the Americans...

  • @TheHuntermj
    @TheHuntermj 21 день тому +5

    Africa is a losing bet, the cost of extraction, building the infrastructure and transporting minerals out costs so much you can't afford to pay whatever country much for the minerals so they get upset, say you are exploiting them and seize your mine, then nobody wants to do business with them anymore until things calm down and the cycle repeats.

  • @y-nn33
    @y-nn33 21 день тому +5

    The illustration of maps is amazing ❤

  • @jeffreymaxson6216
    @jeffreymaxson6216 21 день тому +3

    Everything America needs is in north and central America. We just don't want the headache of mining it ourselves.

  • @TheXyxy2
    @TheXyxy2 20 днів тому +4

    How is Africa is not a super power by itself with all of those resources?

    • @danny_invadio
      @danny_invadio 19 днів тому

      Why do you think China is so afraid of being contained by America. They understand how many centuries you can be kept in the dirt while your competitors rise.

    • @Random-gc8by
      @Random-gc8by 16 днів тому +1

      Because they aren’t the ones able to control them.

    • @user-zh3ow4nh3p
      @user-zh3ow4nh3p 10 днів тому +3

      Human resources. Africa lacks the expertise to make use of the resources

    • @jason4275
      @jason4275 8 днів тому

      under the table bribes

    • @HjAJ-uu7tc
      @HjAJ-uu7tc 5 днів тому +1

      Your all wrong, geography controls destiny, the first civilization that started wasn't because they were smarter than the rest, but it's place of origin

  • @Prax-HD
    @Prax-HD 21 день тому +77

    US Gov needs to seek out space mining.

    • @DOSFS
      @DOSFS 21 день тому +33

      To be honest, space mining is not gonna be anyway economical viable against normal terrestrial mining anytime soon. (100+ years at least)

    • @shakiMiki
      @shakiMiki 21 день тому +2

      loooooooool

    • @theotherohlourdespadua1131
      @theotherohlourdespadua1131 21 день тому +8

      I would like to know how will you make transport between planets cheaper than a a truck full of rocks going to a smelting plant...

    • @FATGUY_98
      @FATGUY_98 21 день тому +1

      bruh

    • @johnl.7754
      @johnl.7754 21 день тому +3

      Then those minerals will be worth 50x what they are worth now

  • @av0idxdead1
    @av0idxdead1 21 день тому +12

    I personally think lithium will be phased out sooner rather than later, not because it is bad. (Unless you look at how its procured). But because it is scarce.

    • @M-tl4xt
      @M-tl4xt 21 день тому

      And replaced with what? Fantasy?

    • @av0idxdead1
      @av0idxdead1 21 день тому +8

      @@M-tl4xt Honestly you could've just googled instead of coming across as an idiot. They're plenty of alternatives and batteryproducing companies worldwide are trying to find less scarce materials to use for batteries.
      To name a few:
      Sodium-ion batteries
      Hydrogen fuel cells (there are already working prototypes made by Toyota and BMW) BOSCH has invested heavily in to Hydrogen fuel cells as a replacement for large freight shipping.
      Graphene
      Aqueous magnesium.
      If there's something producing companies hate, it is scarce resources. And they will try to find a replacement that is abundant and cheap to produce.

    • @trillionbones89
      @trillionbones89 21 день тому

      And recycling will only decrease the need for more lithium

    • @hj2711
      @hj2711 21 день тому

      @@av0idxdead1it’s not scares it’s just harder to extract.

  • @megetmorsomt
    @megetmorsomt 21 день тому +6

    Yeah, Africa is the new frontier: they must handle this wisely...

    • @s9ka972
      @s9ka972 21 день тому +1

      For sure they are going to mess it and left in US - China hands . Mark my words .

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      And the wisest approach would be to keep the imperialists out of Africa like many countries in northern Africa are doing.

  • @jamesg2382
    @jamesg2382 21 день тому

    Love the 3D maps, so helpful to understand a country. Much appreciated

  • @aaronbowie2562
    @aaronbowie2562 21 день тому +7

    Both only see Africa as a resource bucket 🪣

    • @s9ka972
      @s9ka972 21 день тому +1

      When you don't see your Value others don't

    • @BornKafir
      @BornKafir 21 день тому

      ​@@s9ka972Their leaders and post colonial governments were installed by the former colonial masters as the new masters. It's not the common person's fault and it's also our human responsibility to be more respectful towards them. Value them no less than you value yourself. Give them the same treatment you'd wish for yourself and your family.

    • @aaronbowie2562
      @aaronbowie2562 19 днів тому

      @@BornKafir stop getting sensitive about the truth

  • @GraniteStateofMind
    @GraniteStateofMind 21 день тому +15

    Man’s out here advertising for the same African gold mines he’s making the video about

  • @turnleft8645
    @turnleft8645 21 день тому +11

    As an African the West despite Africa's colonial past, was still our preferred trading partner. They took us for granted and often arranged unfair one sided deals and generally lost interest after Russia lost interest in the region. America only tried back then because they saw Russia was pushing and not because they had Africa in mind. Then a couple of years later a new player entered the game, who was willing to do what America and the EU weren't. I'm not surprised China in a few decades out of nowhere pulled the rug from under everyone's feet.

    • @scottdoesntmatter4409
      @scottdoesntmatter4409 20 днів тому

      And yet, China is legendary for screwing over everyone they come into contact with. Belt and Road initiative, recall?

  • @kombemumba9203
    @kombemumba9203 21 день тому +5

    My fellow zambiañs wondering why we so broke😂

  • @mithridates1005
    @mithridates1005 21 день тому

    You make incredible videos, aside from the content, your pacing, visuals, and use of quotes and figures is always amazing.

  • @Jambo66328
    @Jambo66328 21 день тому +36

    Wakanda must pick a side.

    • @elwizzyofficial7368
      @elwizzyofficial7368 21 день тому +3

      Did you just say must?

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому

      'Wakanda' owes you nothing. Quite the opposite in fact - you owe it. A LOT.

    • @silveriver9
      @silveriver9 21 день тому +5

      They already chose China 🇨🇳

    • @Africankingson
      @Africankingson 21 день тому +5

      Wakanda chose a side , it's own

    • @DeveloperJake
      @DeveloperJake 21 день тому +4

      They should pick their own side

  • @doodskop89rs
    @doodskop89rs 21 день тому +38

    Time for space minerals

  • @ata-ayitehunlede5632
    @ata-ayitehunlede5632 12 днів тому

    Excellent and fantastic presentation. Of course we will do due diligence to know more about WESTHAVEN GOLD MINING COMPANY. The future is GOLD.

  • @ALIHQG
    @ALIHQG 21 день тому

    This video editing is getting more and more insane, keep it up!

    • @aBigBadWolf
      @aBigBadWolf 21 день тому +2

      no, it's getting more and more blant. Always the same visualisations.

  • @nicholasbrunning
    @nicholasbrunning 21 день тому +3

    You have my gratitude; words precise, contextually accurate and even suspenseful. Cheers

  • @pac1fic055
    @pac1fic055 21 день тому +6

    The Spice must flow…

  • @bpeezy252
    @bpeezy252 21 день тому +2

    Makes it so much easier to share your videos to new people with adds at the end.

  • @bobsingh7949
    @bobsingh7949 20 днів тому +1

    cool maps. the overlays really reveal who's got what, the terrain, and deposit belts

  • @user-zb8ss9xb1b
    @user-zb8ss9xb1b 21 день тому +7

    Suggestion: Please drop the epic music and dramatic language. You're presenting an objective analysis and really in itself it's very thrilling, no need to sell it like a movie.
    Thanks.

  • @GB-nn2cx
    @GB-nn2cx 21 день тому +54

    Dear Africa, you have seen only exploitation 😢

    • @TheEinharjar
      @TheEinharjar 21 день тому +17

      Yes, by their own dictators.

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +14

      ​@@TheEinharjarcorrection by Europeans, many former French colonies sell mineral products at a bargain price, in addition to using French currency in their trade basically modern colonies examples as bad as you can give from other Western countries

    • @ThonneThisseDeadeLif
      @ThonneThisseDeadeLif 21 день тому +4

      ​@@nighty9338
      They choose to be enslaved really. No one forcing the Africans in west Africa to remain slaves of the Franks, and some of the realized this hence many countries there left the French system, but all of a sudden they are much poorer now and less secure so the remaining thralls wisely choose to remain thralls.

    • @TheEinharjar
      @TheEinharjar 21 день тому

      @@nighty9338 And how are the French forcing them to trade with them? I'm not a fan of French and British history but you have to be delusional to think that either of them are currently worse than China or Russia but mainly their own dictators who plunder their own peoples.

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому

      ​@@TheEinharjar NOTHING that has happened in Africa since their independence compares to the absolute HORROR of what the west did there. Literally NOTHING. Congo for instance had HALF its people unalived by the west in as little as 20 years. That's a tenth of ALL Africans at the time.

  • @leobaghirli4630
    @leobaghirli4630 20 днів тому +2

    Again and again I notice more and more new waive of fake accounts attacking Shirvan. Your loyal subscribers are here to defend you my friend. Your content is always top notch high quality analysis. You deserve every penny of the ad money you are getting. And for all those criers there complaining about ads.. why the hell you care? Are you here for ads or content?!

  • @peternganga
    @peternganga 20 днів тому +2

    Africa needs better leaders who know the worth of money and resources. It's an immense opportunity we have in the coming years.

  • @RafaelW8
    @RafaelW8 21 день тому +3

    YEAAAH BUDDY

    • @paleoph6168
      @paleoph6168 21 день тому +1

      That's what I've been waiting for, that's what it's all about!

  • @essencetaiji1745
    @essencetaiji1745 21 день тому +53

    What a shitshow this world is!!!

    • @T39582
      @T39582 21 день тому +3

      😂🤣😅 this is literally what I was just saying…how can there be a God and he just watches this shit show everyday…

    • @TheReferrer72
      @TheReferrer72 21 день тому +2

      Its not at all. Even in Africa life expectancy has shot through the roof.

    • @jaegybomb
      @jaegybomb 21 день тому

      @@TheReferrer72 But safety made people bored and dumb.

    • @Celis.C
      @Celis.C 21 день тому +1

      Always has been

    • @me0101001000
      @me0101001000 21 день тому

      @@T39582 if there are any deities, they're sitting back and enjoying the show. Probably even have snacks.

  • @casparcoaster1936
    @casparcoaster1936 20 днів тому

    Excellent production, always really relevant, great analysis, and enlightening commentary, much obliged

  • @enghazi1
    @enghazi1 21 день тому +1

    Fantastic content as usual.

  • @UberComrade965
    @UberComrade965 21 день тому +15

    So is the US going to occupy Africa like they're illegally occupying the resource rich region of Syria?

    • @nocturnalutopia1127
      @nocturnalutopia1127 21 день тому +4

      Lol Syria is nothing special when it comes to resources 😂😂

    • @widodoakrom3938
      @widodoakrom3938 21 день тому

      Most likely yes

    • @toviashapiro6772
      @toviashapiro6772 21 день тому

      Imperialism in the 2020s is different than in the 19th century. Core nations exploit periphery nations through debt obligations, infrastructure, soft power, and by injecting their own corporations to exploit resources.

    • @benfontenot9896
      @benfontenot9896 20 днів тому

      Define illegal lol. This is the world stage.

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      @@nocturnalutopia1127 May be and still the US regime is occupying one-third of Syria and that is Syria's oil rich and fertile food grains producing region.

  • @prappypat
    @prappypat 21 день тому +13

    African governments have agency, the west is still caught in old stereotypes which will continue to limit their ability to engage in what is shaping up to be one of the most significant economic expansions in human history. The amount of development and progress that has occurred in the last 20 years alone has been staggering. In the early 2000's it was extremely difficult to even contact relatives outside of capital cities; now we go back and forth on WhatsApp. When visiting we would have to drive hours on buses to get to the country side and stay at cement compounds with no electricity or running water; now we take domestic airlines and stay in luxury resorts. The African Diaspora is amongst the most well educated and successful communities in the US and the UK. We're not looking for handouts, but we are seeking investors. Things have changed...

    • @doujinflip
      @doujinflip 21 день тому

      What investors seek is consistent protection of their assets, not constant renegotiation over “fees” and promises that get broken, i.e. rule of law. You see more activity from China in Africa because Beijing has up til now been more willing to tolerate and proliferate the corruption.

    • @prappypat
      @prappypat 21 день тому +1

      @@doujinflip The CCP launders upwards of $100 billion a year (with some estimates putting it upto $2 trillion a year)...be forreal

  • @kisarunihofmannndosi5327
    @kisarunihofmannndosi5327 20 днів тому +1

    I love the analysis. High quality as usual! However the mining ad at the end is as tasteful as doing a "Conflict of Nations"-ad at the end of a Ukraine report.

  • @Numba003
    @Numba003 18 днів тому

    I hope some of these infrastructure improvements will, at the least, incidentally help the locals in countries like the DRC. Thank you for another global news video.
    God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

  • @thedeceit-qh6mf
    @thedeceit-qh6mf 21 день тому +6

    All the countries are against lgbtq especially zambia. So it is not easy for usa to do business with them

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +1

      so lose space to china
      ""Victory"" often requires sacrifices🧐

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому +12

      This is about politics and economics kid, not your silly social issues. Only a fool would turn down money cos of a social stance.

    • @eldios831
      @eldios831 21 день тому

      The alphabet people will be thrown under the bus

    • @fjooyou
      @fjooyou 21 день тому +11

      Haha, thanks for the laugh
      You'd think USA buying oil from the Saudis (they built their infrastructure too) for 60 years would tell you how much lgbt issues mattered

    • @_o..o_1871
      @_o..o_1871 21 день тому

      @@ArawnOfAnnwnYou’re so ignorant. Social issues are part of politics!

  • @nighty9338
    @nighty9338 21 день тому +18

    basically Europe, USA and China still sees Africa as an Exploration colony which is very sad

    • @Boost400
      @Boost400 21 день тому +9

      What should they see it as ?

    • @johnl.7754
      @johnl.7754 21 день тому

      Because African rulers have not developed their own country in order to keep corruption high

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +1

      ​@@Boost400Perhaps as a continent that has the population of India, could it be possible to improve the region's infrastructure to generate jobs in exchange for access to a large market? which, in addition to having a high population, is growing even more

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому +9

      ​@@nighty9338China literally has been building infrastructure there for decades. And it's infrastructure Africans themselves asked for, not just roads to ports.

    • @silveriver9
      @silveriver9 21 день тому

      China invests and trade with Africa. Win-Win.

  • @aakashalam6232
    @aakashalam6232 21 день тому +1

    Where do you even learn all this stuff man, like resource struggles and everything? This stuff is freaking cool.

  • @thomasmineo
    @thomasmineo 20 днів тому +1

    "If the mines could talk, they would scream with rage" ... shivers

  • @d47rk
    @d47rk 21 день тому +15

    Let's colonize Africa again - the US, probably.

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +4

      Europe and China - me too

    • @ArawnOfAnnwn
      @ArawnOfAnnwn 21 день тому +4

      This GROSSLY understates what colonialism was. NOTHING that's happening in Africa now, from west or east, compares to the absolute HORROR of what Europe did. Congo for instance lost HALF its people in as little as 20 years. That's a tenth of ALL Africans at the time. From just one colony.

    • @maxisussex
      @maxisussex 21 день тому

      @@ArawnOfAnnwn Half of Congo's population was not 10% of all Africa's population. I don't know where you got that idea from.

    • @Pmooli
      @Pmooli 21 день тому

      Kenya is almost colonized again. I think its a futile last kick of a dying silent empire

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      @@nighty9338 China never had any colonies in Africa or for that matter anywhere else. So the old habits of Western imperialists are coming to the surface again.

  • @maxcc9161
    @maxcc9161 21 день тому +12

    Why would any country in Africa choose the US? The world is moving east.

    • @PepeCoinMania
      @PepeCoinMania 21 день тому +2

      You are definitely right

    • @T39582
      @T39582 21 день тому +1

      AMEN!!!

    • @JoblessJoshua
      @JoblessJoshua 21 день тому +2

      It's moving north, to Russia.

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +6

      every country is selfish, they go to the side of whoever favors them most and in that they are 100% correct

    • @directdemocracy133
      @directdemocracy133 21 день тому +5

      Because it is the dominant power in the world with the most powerful allies...

  • @ColCoal
    @ColCoal 20 днів тому +1

    A new day, a new video of Caspian Report saying _____ African nation will become the new center of Global politics!

  • @blusox6486
    @blusox6486 21 день тому

    Thanks for the West Haven Gold Corp tip, I'll check them out and added them to my watch list.

    • @clint3868
      @clint3868 19 днів тому

      Don’t waste your money

  • @progresstothestars
    @progresstothestars 21 день тому +4

    you forgot to mention islamic countries, india and south america. if you think they arent a participating, you are mistaken.

  • @joeshirou
    @joeshirou 21 день тому +6

    Unsubscribed, 5 min shady gold ad? PASS

    • @LacRagem
      @LacRagem 21 день тому

      Freeloaders don't pay the bills, I don't think you will be missed

  • @Gabelolguy
    @Gabelolguy 21 день тому +2

    Reminds me of the book Congo by Michael Crichton, where special interest groups race in a break neck struggle towards the Congo to secure access rights to a deposit of semiconducting blue diamonds (and also have to fight some scary gorillas)

  • @Serahpin
    @Serahpin 21 день тому +2

    Real "Empire of Dust" vibes.

  • @justmymage
    @justmymage 21 день тому +5

    Apparently CaspianReports uses an AI voice for these. Sort of weird. I always thought they have this voice and its their style is to sound fairly monotone, but it would make sense that they sounds like this, as we've never heard them have any emotions really.

  • @BigDave-by1kz
    @BigDave-by1kz 21 день тому +1

    Gold seems to be doing well lately. It's up again today while stocks sell off again. The only stock I see up today is Newmont Gold. The worlds biggest gold company. Given how much gold has moved over the last few months have we missed this move or is it just starting? Thoughts? Time to buy? Sell?

  • @therealuncleowen2588
    @therealuncleowen2588 17 днів тому

    As an American, I'm happy to fund any project that will truly bring economic growth within Africa. Profits for any American company involved should be modest and tied to the overall success of the venture. The governments within Africa need to protect their environment and their peoples' interests. Don't let foreign companies exploit the local population while lining the pockets of a dictator.

  • @Celis.C
    @Celis.C 21 день тому +12

    POV: You are an African country with favourable resources
    US/EU: _"Hippity, hoppity. Your resources are to be our property"_
    China: _"Let's negotiate a mutually beneficial transaction"_
    Which party would you choose? If the US and EU are changing their tune, then it's because China has forced their hand. Hopefully for an overall better position of the African nations involved.

    • @panashejmombeshora4021
      @panashejmombeshora4021 21 день тому +5

      I like the Chinese. They've done good things in Africa, but let's be honest. The only thing that separates them from Europe and the US is that they are a little more kind hearted in their shrewdness, and so some countries (like mine) will see the real positive impact of China in Africa. Outside that, they are all just the same.
      Point of reference:
      1. China sending in thousands of men during the Ghana gold rush to take gold for themselves illegally to send back home
      2. China sending in thousands of fishermen around East, Southern and West Africa to illegally fish out our fishing stocks, again, to send back home
      3. China syphoning cobalt out of Congo, to take back home, all at a massive rate (billions of dollars' worth). There has been no real benefit on the surrounding villages by the mines. They actually are poorer now since China coming in, to mine because villagers are often stripped off their arable land where the mineral deposits usually are, and also, Chinese are flown into the country to do most mining work
      4. China dumping goods in our countries. This has always undermined African industry.
      5. China making use of transfer pricing agreements with our minerals in exchange for infrastructure projects in Africa. This doesn't happen in all countries, but in the few that we see this, it leads to us paying virtually double for a project because China will take 2 billion worth gold to carry out 1 billion worth infrastructure under the excuse that they need to deal with 'mining related expenses'
      In conclusion, there are other ways in which China undercuts Africa, and they will continue to do this for the foreseeable future. I'm I mad about it? Not really. Why so? Because China is trying to protect the interests of the Chinese. On those grounds, I would actually commend the Chinese because they are taking care of their own people, which they should.

    • @Celis.C
      @Celis.C 21 день тому

      @@panashejmombeshora4021 Many thanks for the insights! News on Africa in 'the West' of any kind is just non-existent, unless some major event occurs that gets some general coverage. The only way to get an idea of what's going on in each African country is by actively looking for it, and even then it's typically surface level stuff.
      Are there any sources that you would recommend to stay up to date on the many countries on the African continent?

    • @boxcutter0
      @boxcutter0 21 день тому +2

      CCP troll

    • @sempleinvest906
      @sempleinvest906 20 днів тому

      when it comes to africa and trading with the rest of the world why do everyone assume they are being taken advantage of? time to take some responsibility and make good deals.

    • @panashejmombeshora4021
      @panashejmombeshora4021 20 днів тому +1

      @@sempleinvest906 We'd like to take responsibility. Unfortunately the ones who actually control things in the land don't allow anyone smart to do the job. It's too threatening for them

  • @rollingdownfalling
    @rollingdownfalling 21 день тому +19

    Ever since that Iran video, I question the credibility of this channel now. That video is one of the least neutral videos I have watched.

    • @thommyneter168
      @thommyneter168 21 день тому

      Which one was that?

    • @rollingdownfalling
      @rollingdownfalling 21 день тому

      @@thommyneter168 just last video.

    • @doujinflip
      @doujinflip 21 день тому +3

      Caspian Report is made by an Azeri, and though Azerbaijan is majority Muslim it’s even more moderate and secular than Türkiye. There’d be a bias towards the EU and against its former colonizers like Iran and Russia.

    • @MarshallTheArtist
      @MarshallTheArtist 20 днів тому

      @@doujinflipHalf of Azerbaijan is currently part of Iran, so there is some enmity.

    • @Mr_3raqi
      @Mr_3raqi 20 днів тому

      I have noticed that too!, The channel took a nose dive recently

  • @projectarduino2295
    @projectarduino2295 18 днів тому +1

    Quick question: where do you find these mineral and resource maps? The ones you use to create your animations anyways. I am really interested in resources distribution in detail and I can’t find anything anywhere.

  • @AlejandroDiaz-jn5rt
    @AlejandroDiaz-jn5rt 21 день тому

    Awsome content!

  • @bulkierwriter2772
    @bulkierwriter2772 21 день тому +11

    We want colonies not new trade partners.

    • @vengefulspirit99
      @vengefulspirit99 21 день тому +4

      Trade partners only works when the opposing side is stable

    • @VVayVVard
      @VVayVVard 21 день тому

      Are you C/hinese?

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому +7

      ​@@VVayVVard
      most likely to be American or European lol

    • @nighty9338
      @nighty9338 21 день тому

      ​@@VVayVVardGet out of your North American/European bubble and asks an African who colonizes Africa today,question for a latin american
      I guarantee you that China will not even be the 3rd most mentioned country

    • @bulkierwriter2772
      @bulkierwriter2772 21 день тому

      @@VVayVVard If I had those eyes I’d be unliving myself.

  • @AshkanPacino13
    @AshkanPacino13 21 день тому +3

    FREE IRAN

  • @Arthur_Revan
    @Arthur_Revan 20 днів тому

    Now that was a good ad.

  • @oOfretlessOo
    @oOfretlessOo 20 днів тому +1

    Just a tip if you consider stock gambling - don't invest more than you can live without for a while.

  • @alancadorette3447
    @alancadorette3447 21 день тому +1

    when the work starts, need to employ and train locals, so they have reason to keep everything fixed, also if locals make money they spend money, if done right make nations there stronger

  • @FiveNineO
    @FiveNineO 21 день тому +1

    Power over spi.. minerals is power over all

  • @shzarmai
    @shzarmai 15 днів тому +1

    The DRC and Central Africa in general need Mutual Aid tbh

  • @arailway8809
    @arailway8809 21 день тому

    Thanks Shirvan, Good work.
    Africa needs Billions in railroads.

  • @audacious4435
    @audacious4435 20 днів тому +1

    I quite like the content of this channel, but the sponsors have all been questionable. Please consider very carefully before making any investment decision.

  • @John3.36
    @John3.36 21 день тому

    Does Westhaven have holding in DRC?

  • @user-iw8bg1tb3b
    @user-iw8bg1tb3b 20 днів тому

    Excellent informative video! Thank you

  • @heinrich6239
    @heinrich6239 3 дні тому

    What type of map are you using in the video? I want to find it in geolayers 3

  • @ringsaphire
    @ringsaphire 19 днів тому

    Hopefully Africa is the one that will ultimately profit from this competition.
    One of the good consequences of bipolarity for the other non partisan countries, as imperial America never gave a shit about Africa until it had economic reasons to.

  • @juriteller3688
    @juriteller3688 20 днів тому +1

    You just conveniently forgot that in Q1 Tesla is back ahead of byd. But that wouldn’t fit the narrative, right?

  • @crazzywasp
    @crazzywasp 20 днів тому

    loving the new maps

  • @DRIVEFROMHOME4K
    @DRIVEFROMHOME4K 21 день тому

    great video again ❤❤❤

    • @anderoo9260
      @anderoo9260 21 день тому

      Mate you didn't even watch it yet.

    • @DRIVEFROMHOME4K
      @DRIVEFROMHOME4K 21 день тому

      i like the topic and honestly his videos are always ⚒

    • @anderoo9260
      @anderoo9260 21 день тому

      @@DRIVEFROMHOME4K Yeah i'm just playing, i like them too lol

  • @PNM_79
    @PNM_79 21 день тому

    Love the intro

  • @MikeStoneJapan
    @MikeStoneJapan 20 днів тому

    An elder once said facetiously "Africans would have better off had our lands been less filled with riches mineral and otherwise"

  • @bluddyrowdy8757
    @bluddyrowdy8757 21 день тому

    BYD may indeed have surpassed Tesla in Manufacture, but in Sales ?????
    And future forecasts ?

  • @gabrielfuret4852
    @gabrielfuret4852 20 днів тому

    what a great video, thanks

  • @dantetre
    @dantetre 21 день тому +1

    Just remember what the Orange Man said!
    "America First! America First!"

    • @thecomment9489
      @thecomment9489 20 днів тому

      Which basically means the Oligarchs billionaires have the first right to American peoples' wealth.

  • @nielsvandenburg
    @nielsvandenburg 4 дні тому +1

    I'm disappointed you didn't mention any of the human rights violations committed by the very same mining companies that the US,EU, South African and Chinese governments enable

  • @OMGWTFBBQLMAOLOL
    @OMGWTFBBQLMAOLOL 21 день тому

    this was a great episode

    • @Tormentality
      @Tormentality 21 день тому

      sad. but true.

    • @OMGWTFBBQLMAOLOL
      @OMGWTFBBQLMAOLOL 20 днів тому

      @@Tormentality what is sad?

    • @Tormentality
      @Tormentality 20 днів тому

      @@OMGWTFBBQLMAOLOL the mines displacing poor people with little or no compensation. The title could be "America and China steal minerals from poor countries".

  • @yogi6muhammad
    @yogi6muhammad 13 днів тому

    tough days ahead, Africans