[Medieval] Castles - Functions & Characteristics (1000-1300)
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- Опубліковано 29 вер 2016
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» SOURCES & LINKS «
France, John: Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades 1000-1300#
Ohler, Norbert: Krieg & Frieden im Mittelalter
Contamine, Philippe: War in the Middle Ages
Pounds, Norman J. G. Pounds: Medieval Castle in England & Wales: A Political and Social History
faculty.goucher.edu/eng240/ear...
www.ancientfortresses.org/medi...
www.britannica.com/technology...
www.castrabritannica.co.uk/tex...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlech...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_C...
» CREDITS & SPECIAL THX «
Song: Ethan Meixsell - Demilitarized Zone
Thanks you so much for putting subtitles. I'm deaf, and it helps me a lot.
you are welcome, but those are actually provided by my fans, cause I don't have time to add subtitles myself.
Do you have a hearing aid as I have a deaf friend and she’s got a hearing aid
.... I feel for you.... I’m very hard of hearing (70% left. 30% right. that was 8 years ago) with lots of ringing and crickets chirping etc... Videos with background music/effects makes it tuff also.... Good Luck... hope other things go well for you...
Chateau Gaillard was the subject of one of the best burns (or insults) which ever passed between two medieval-era monarchs. King Richard I of England, and King Phillip II of France, were bitter enemies by the time of the building of Chateau Gaillard. Richard blamed Phillip for the failure of the Third Crusade to retake Jerusalem from Saladin, in 1189-92, when Phillip abandoned the crusade after the taking of Acre. Phillip then conspired with Richard's brother, the future King John, to usurp the throne after Richard was captured and held prisoner by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI.There was little love lost between Richard and Phillip, and after Richard's release, he set about making Phillip pay dearly for his treachery. Chateau Gaillard was just such an affront to Phillip's soveriegnty, as well as constituting a definite strategic threat to Phillip's hold on France, itself. Phillip vowed to take Chateau Gaillard from Richard, boasting, *_If it's walls were made of iron, still I would take it._* To which Richard famously replied, *_If it's walls were made of butter, still I would hold it._*
It was, however, Phillip who had the last laugh, when he captured Chateau Gaillard from Richard's successor, the hapless King John, in 1204.
Keith Tiberius thanks for that. I worked with a conservation project nearby to protect the rare, beautiful Rouen violet which only grows on the inland chalk cliffs along the meanders of the Seine.
There’s a tragic codicil. When the castle was under siege the English defenders expelled the civilian population to make their food supplies last longer. However the French refused to let them cross their lines as a counter to that ploy.
Both sides looked on as the civilians slowly starved and died before their eyes.
A tale I suppose of the suffering of ordinary people through the wars of vain and foolish men.
Dean Morrison
It was a pretty common story since the beginning of siege warfare. A similar thing happened when Julius Caesar besieged Alesia.
Richard wrote (at least is credited with writing) a pretty good song while in captivity too
Very interesting post Keith , i enjoyed reading that .
King John was a naughty boy wasn't he , he was like an adult child , a spoilt brat, he turned the whole of England against him in the end , the ordinary people and the barons /lords too , they even invited the French come over to England & fight with them against king John ..
Did you know Richard lion heart only spent something like 6 months in England, he even offered to sell London for the right price... he wanted more money to carry on fighting in the holy land..
Bloody Normans 🤗
king John more like king begone
Perhaps the best analogy to castles back then (military wise) would be modern aircraft carriers, since they act as deterrents, can control a wide area, project your power and work defensively as well.
We could even go further and say that they are indeed modern carriers, for most of them actually are their navies' flagships, and host the foremost naval officials.
Imagine if medieval castles could move...
A strange analogy, but I do get what you mean,.
@@SinerAthin they made a movie with something like that, was horrible lol. Anyways im into necromancy so i figured id revive this dead post.
"After all, one doesn't simply build a castle." Great vid-
This is a scheduled publication, hopefully it works out. This also means that comments etc. will be delayed. Enjoy!
What are Sarjents
It is very informative and interesting.
Make more of it. About Medieveal Period.
Sergeants, medieval sergeants were basically soldiers but not nobility, plebs who have dedicated their lives to military pursuit, and accompanied nobles.
Surely you meant to say that the fact that everyone instantly declares war on you if there's a coalition against you is the worst thing since blobbing takes up ages
You can do binge drinking on your videos: One drink for every furdermore you say
you should check my earlier videos, although that is probably suicide with that approach, back then I hadn't figured out "additionally, " yet :D
I did :)! I was already wondering that you would not say it that often anymore.
Massively Fortified Erections. Best band name ever!
+kefkaZZZ lol
Where I live in Ireland the countryside is littered with motte and bailey castles in various states of ruin although one was redone on the inside with plasterboard and flooring and is someones house. I've never been inside but i'm told its nice. The closest to me only has a single standing wall but is about 4 stories high.
This makes me want to play Crusader Kings 2 again :-)
Beware the atztec!
the aztec,pffft inbred french ruler horde as your vassals are much worse
Or Total War Medieval II.
In stronghold crusader I got so good at planning them that I could build perfectly round castles while keeping my enemies in check without ever pausing the game. I loved that game.
yeah,the original stronghold and stronghold crusader was really good at what it did,but i mostly made castles on hills so i don't have to desing a really good one :D,the good thing about it is you can actually buy the HD version on steam
Ive got to say that as a welsh man im impressed with your pronunciation of Rhuddlan castle not too far off at all.
I must say, you Welsh have an interesting way of naming things. Hard to pronounce, but the names look awesome!
thx, it was by accident :)
likewise :)
This was a great video. You point out one important fact about castles. They symbolised power and a Lord had a castle. They could be quite elegant or be more basic. But castles had to built for defence and often have sophisticated defences. Often, you avoided attacks against castles if possible. Mass battles were avoided and most campaigns included at least one siege, either brief or protracted. And the garrison could vary from one castle to another.
another well done. to those who criticize pronunciation. If your German is better than his English then please continue to criticize if you really feel the need to be petty.
I'm always impressed and a little surprised by the perspective you take in these videos. However, some images would be nice. In this case, pictures of what the different levels of castle looked like would have helped. I had to frequently pause the video to look them up. It interrupts the flow of the lesson.
you might want to look forward to the video on Friday. Currently I don't have the funds to visit castles and other objects to take pictures myself. For this video I actually tried for the first time to find a proper picture of one castle, but couldn't find one with a proper license in 5 minutes, so I skipped it.
You're being very honest about using images. I don't think most people would bother. The websites for the castles, for instance, should be pleased if you used their images as it promotes awareness of their 'product.' Another option might be to process the image via a Photoshop filter (or any art program these days) into a line drawing or related form. To be clear, I'm of the 'better to ask for forgiveness than permission side of things, within reason. ;-) I'm also fairly certain that many images for such old edifices have long expired their copyright. I suppose a third option would be a simple pictograph that illustrates the concept of 'big castle,' etc, but that's more work.
well, not only about images. But it is less about honesty in this case and more about: not risking 20.75 hours of work, due to some potential copyright infringements. I assume that some laws etc. may be more enforced in the future. I had a law class on digital photography and the professor in charge noted that in Austria and Germany it is common to use crawlers searching for watermarked photos, and we are talking about "invisible" marked once. This also included CV photos that were used online, although the person only got rights to use them for CVs....
the European Union / Europe was weak fair use rights, as a friend lately noted "in Europe we never really abandoned the idea to use copyright as a tool for potential censorship"...
I see your point, though to play devil's advocate, images aggressively protected under copyright typically belong to big media / corporations. 12th century castles are probably safe. ;-)
Well, he is very good at it and doing it at the academic level for free. Support him please.
This is awesome! I've never seen this kind of information in a condensed video. Keep at it.
You're doing a great job with the content on this channel. Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
This was great, my favorite video you've made yet.
Really appreciate explaining the numbers involved in construction, maintaining, and also garrison of castles. Not often is it discussed how large a garrison force actually was. Keep it up!
Another excellent video, sir. Thank you so much!
Another outstanding video. Thank you for posting these.
awesome video man!! keep making this amazing content!
7:45 the yearly costs of garrison were visually shown to be 3400, when they were 700. So there was one error in the visualization. Otherwise it's really beneficial to see the costs visualized.
This was great! Love the topic and the facts presented. The cost of logistics and construction in the medieval and ancient times is always very important to understanding history.
No to raise stability you need about 100 admin power +/- any modifiers.
Very interesting as always. Thank you for your vids :)
Hey, Military History Visualized. I have only started watching your channel a couple of weeks ago and was immediately in love. I am a very visual learner and have a passion for both History and Military stuff. This channel combines these things perfectly. I really like how well researched your videos are, you never "talk out of your ass" like some other would-be experts that you sadly find too often on youtube. Some of my favourite episodes were your ones on operation barabarossa. You really opened my eyes about how the Germans were not stopped by General Winter, a notion that had never occurred to me before. The way you showed that going for Kiev instead of moscow was actually the best idea was also really interesting and enlightening. One of my chief interests and I suspect also of many others is the Napoleonic era. I was wondering if you could something like you did about operation Barbarossa but for Napoleon's invasion of Russia. Maybe you could explain why this one failed or how it could have been avoided. Anyways I love your channel and it is a great resource for my 15 year old nerd brain to learn more about military history. I also like that you (due to being Austrian) can pronounce all the german words (and also often from other languages) correctly, something few youtubers can do and that is often annoying to a german speaker like me. I am swiss by the way. Grüezi! Anyways, Ich liebe diesen Kanal und werde definitiv weiterhin zuschauen.
I
Your English really is excellent - keep making these high-quality videos!
Castles are great, I'm fortunate enough to live in the country with the most castles per square mile in the world so it's great to learn a bit more about them.
Your pronunciation of "garrison" is delightful.
Good video, thanks!
Fascinating video, good work!
If there was a love button I would have clicked it and then un-clicked it so I could click it again. Great vid.
thank you!
I love this channel! :)
One doesn't simply make a LOTR reference....
One does not simply use a contraction when quoting Boromir.
Two does complicatedly run out of Gondor.
Discussing logistics in a thick Tutonic accent is about the most Germanic thing I am likely to hear all year.
Yes, the majority of german fortifications was and are good.
we italians thought that the alps were the best, and instead....
*Cough* Hannibal *cough*
I know right? Sometimes people are dumb
Fa Que
*Every fortifications on the hills, mountains or wharever site on the top are good for defense*, the great master Clausewits told me.
I got a PDF downloaded of the book "Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades" thanks to this video... thanks mang. Got some new reading material now.
:DDD
is it me or does his german accent make everything his say about military things sound 100% accurate and with 500% discipline
Ahh.. back in the day when we did cool stuff and flags look just awesome.
Good ole medieval ages !
no way like my favorite time period thanks for the vid!
very good analysis
Speaking of Medieval Castles. There lot of castle design and function around the world. This is surely an interesting topic. Keep up the good work.
VERY PROFESSIONAL MADE EDUCATION; THANK YOU
great video, thanks
Very well done! :)
Your thumbnails are incredible i cant help but click on them.
Great videos thx Marry X-mas
Excellent video. A few questions:
1. Would castles have been stocked with longer lasting supplies like lumber, wood for bows and arrows etc.?
2. Would any water be stored for extended periods in castles? Any food?
3. How did cannon affect the effectiveness of castles as a fortification?
4. Can you do a video looking more closely at the various features of the castles you illustrated here? You put a lot of effort into the diagrams, but we didn't get a close look at them.
Excellent work. I think most people think of a work like Heidelberg, but those like Schloss Nauses would be more common.
garri-son.. no insult intended just a correction in pronunciation.. I love your work. Keep it up.
I came across in art history where the professor indicated some that gave a hint of the time. Within a photo she pointed out to us the residency in the fort or castle had large glass windows,... during a time when there were definitely raiding and pillaging. It was explained not every place experienced the same amount of chaos or had it to occur all the time and there was affluence and flourishing during that dark age/medieval era contrary to what our modern perspective has of the time.
Superintresting!
If you can get to Dover Castle there has been an attempt to show how the state rooms would have looked originally. This was built by the King to impress visitors.
Very good info
awesome research i will save.
please do more castle videos
Nice video. Can you make a video about forts in the 18-19 century?
When you talk about Chateau-Gaillard you give the building dates as 1179-98 but the slide shows 1197-98...
yea, happens to germans sometimes because in german you switch the numbers.
To expand on Herr Lambrecht´s comment:
Lets take a number, thirty-five, and translate it into German. It is _fünf-und-dreißig_. _Fünf_ stands for five, and _dreißig_ for thirty (_drei_ means three)
So that way you can see how it is quite simple to mix stuff up, specially with bigger numbers.
castles would usually have their own basic breweries I think, to offset the lack of a clean water supply they could turn grey water into weak alcohol. but maybe this was less common than I thought
Thank you sir
Huh... I actually live in Nevers, I want to check out that Auxerre Monastery now.
Krak Des Chevaliers was probably the greatest castle ever created. It was large, effective, very intimidating, and it was never taken by force.
The Mamulk Sultan Bybars had to trick the garrison into surrendering with a forged letter.
I have to wonder what the source is of all this interesting detail on the expenses and income that really shows what kind of situations people were in. Thanks again for sharing.
New video = good day. And could you make a video on me 163 and ho223
The Krak did not fall quickly. It fell due to a trick.
The hole story of the surrender of the castle is quite fun.
Good video, in particular on the costs!
Not sure if it sounds like a `castle` but recently found out about `Fort Drum` (El Fraile Island) made in 1906,i believe it is a great example how these kind of principles can be combined with water,a lot of water. :) Great video.
`
MHV fires-up "The Wayback Machine"!
Excellent as usual. But one question: what about the Pre-Roman fortifications such as the Celtic forts in the Rhoen (Hessen / Bayern)?
13:37 playing time ...420 blaze it MLG
Zer Gud video. ;) Danke schoen :)
At around 8:19 I was wondering about the garrison... Where are all the "maintenance" personnel (cooks, stable-boys and whatever a "cleaning lady" is in medieval terms) and shouldn't they get paid something too, increasing the total maintenance costs?
As always, great video! Amazing how you constantly seem to find the type of topics of which i immediately think "yeah, I've always wondered about that". :)
> "yeah, I've always wondered about that". :)
that is my approach for quite some of my videos. Had an article about building costs for a castle than I realized while reading I have no clue how a castle is built started working on that, but didn't have enough data. Stopped, made another video and a few weeks later I took a different look at castles.
thanks. About the other personnel, I don't know, but I assume that their cost was minor and they would also produce stuff and the feudal system. Also the porter also had a janitor function if I am not mistaken.
In those days, you could pay your taxes with labour. So the staff of the castle was mostly not permanent and did not live inside the castle. Only a few very big castles in Europe had permanent staff (castles of kings).
Considering how long it took to build a stone castle, I wonder if it was common practice to first build a simple wooden castle (or at least wooden defensive walls) on the site for temporary protection of the workers/materials/supplies.
Apparently english longbow archers were paid 3 shillings per day, which was about three times more than a peasant could hope for. To give more or less of an idea of how much that money was. Those 700 pound cost of running a castle each day is equivalent pay for 38 longbowmen or other such well paid non-nobility soldiers.
Edit: Oh, and look, the garrison had 37 people, i hadn't gotten that far in the video, but how's that calculation, huh? probably the knights earned more than 3 shillings, but the others earned less.
13:37 is the best part.
yeah, I was at 13:40 or something and saw the opportunity to cut the outro song... YET, in my video manager the video is 13:38, cause UA-cam!
hihi 13:37 min
1337!
HAX
Anger's castle is pretty awesome. (Advise from an inhabitant of this town)
Will you do modern fortifications like the Maginot Line?
Well if they just put the reinforced barricades and use the semi-auto shotgun, the enemy team will have some trou- oh wrong Castle? Whoops.
pls more about this topic
A wooden palisade, a Motte and Bailley, a Keep, A stone Castle, A ROYAL CASTLE!
The most important and dangerous element of ancient and Dark Age Castles is said to have been their aviaries. Anyone who's seen a certain Battlefield 1 scene probably understands why.
Holy shit I'm like 10 minutes away from Rhuddlan castle :D
Lucky you
Love how little Wales is the Castle capital of the world. Germans, French and English all have impressive castles.. But if you want to tour medieval castles in good condition, Wales is the place to go
My micro nation will have all the knowledge this man provides me with
Here's a Castle Question I'd like to see: If you had to build a modern castle today using all of the features of Medieval castles taking into account things like modern weapons how would you do it? What's the best structure for say a homestead and farm?
Castles are an easy target for even light artillery and grenades. Concealed mg positions with underground shelters, mined areas and an early warning system with infra red motion sensors might be better for a homestead. If more resources are available any counter artillery might be good either inform of an own artillery or, more modern, a small drone with an explosive payload.
Since it seems that we're going more Medieval I'd love to see more on the Northern Crusades :)
Yeah it would be nice to hear something about the battles of the Baltic and Finnic tribes against the Teutons. In particularly why the natives ultimately lost. I always assumed it was because the Teutons had stone castles and the locals had wood forts as there are many accounts of the locals outmatching the knights on the battle field just to then fail at their fortification (Riga in particular). Now I wonder if it was because the Baltic had inferior fortification building technology or less siege experience or if the tech was indeed on par and it came down to resources with Teutons being able to afford better wood forts and/or more stone forts.
So many questions and so little material about that era around.
What font did you use for the medieval quotes?
Deutsch Gothic
Its funny that Deutsch Gothic doesnt support ü. If you want, google has Germania One, which isnt exactly the same, but does support umlaute.
One of the reasons to build a castle was to have an oubliette. A recent show I watched said almost every single castle has one but they like to keep that quiet due to tourism and being P.C.. Someone actually went all over the place investigating castles and was quite shocked to learn that they most all had one. It's just a tiny area hidden away to toss prisoners into and forget about. Slowly starve a personal enemy to death. Hopefully one which they can claim titles from.
I don't think that was a reason to build a castle. That would be a quite an overkill.
Also, who does keep quiet about it and what does this have to do with P.C.? In all the castles near my hometown (there are dozens of castles), there are guided tours for the oubliettes and dungeons in which the tourists and visitors get to see it along with torture chambers and the various kinds of cells.
Quality work, as it is customary of yours.
A cool castle that I think it is worth mentioning is Guédelon Castle. Why is it important? Well, because it is not finished yet. It is perhaps the world's biggest archaeological experiment. The castle is being built exclusively using middle ages construction techniques. Wikipedia has a great gallery of images where you can appreciate the castle being built over the years: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9delon_Castle
You talked a lot about the cost of building and maintaining a castle. How about the financial benefits like tolls and taxes. Are they already included in the average income shown at 8:00 ?
hoping you could do a video highlighting the differences between Operation Overlord and Operation Market Garden, why one succeeded and one failed.
i'd say overlord just allowed more margin for error, whilst market garden's main objective (keeping the Rhein-crossing intact) was too chance-y; every bridge along the way was a coinflip that, if unsuccesful, would negatively modify the final diceroll for the paratroops in arnhem.
However from a strategic standpoint i think Market Garden was at least not a total failure:
Firstly i think for all the dutch people that were liberated along the way by the ground forces, would call this a success in it's own right,
then there's the morale boost for all the allied troops if you let them know high command is doing everything it can to 'end the war by christmas' and they need you (the soldier) to help do your part, even if you're fighting in france, or Italy.
thirdly: german command had to commit quite a few reinforcements, including armoured divisions, to get the paratroops at Arnhem away from the bridge, not to mention afterwards, when they had to maintain defensive positions of all the other (even potential) points for crossing an army.
This means all the other operations would therefor encounter less heavy resistance than if Market Garden never took place.
Lastly; tying in with my last point:
The allies forced germany to widen their defensive lines, meaning that germany will have to make sacrifices to Anti-air defences on either strategic level
(lessen the depth of your AA defences to commit them near the front to repel ground attack planes, supporting allied ground forces, allowing allied bombing of german factories etc. to be more succesful)
or on the tactical level (instead of redirecting AA to the frontlines, you just use the number you already had on the front, but they have to try and cover a lot more airspace than before, spreading them too thin to be anywhere near as effective at repelling ground attack planes)
This is just from the top of my head, mind you; I imagine 'Military History Visualized" would have a lot more to say about this, maybe even correcting me on certain things, so i would still watch a video like the one you proposed.
Overlord was years in the planning yet nearly foundered on Omaha Beach. Market Garden was days in the planning and it showed.
Please make a video about ring forts.
Make more castle videos please
“Massively fortified erections” reminds me of wealthy old men for some reason. Love your vids, and your accent!
i am slightly critical of the garrison numbers: you seem to largely look at british and french numbers.
In 'Germany' there was one castle to every 450 people or so, so a garrison or even a population of 2000 people is extremely rare.
where in Brittain we are talking about maybe 200 castles all told, in 'germany' we are talking about 20.000.
In Holland (proper) we are talking about 117 castles, some of which only really represented a tower surrounded by a moat.
a four room castle like Dever in Lisse was pretty common for a knightly 'house'
castles are often defined as defensible residence and centre of local government. this does not have to be a huge fortress to be 'crenelated' or seen as a castle back then.
Most castles i have seen would struggle to provide shelter for 2000 (!) people long term, even larger ones like Warwick, and definitely the Wartburg, for instance, and i wonder what the source really says, it might be the troops they might be able to deliver for war, for instance, which does not represent an actual garrison or permanent billeting of troops.
Most castles must have had populations of about 10-20 maybe.
I like the way he says garrison
It would be nice to see a separate video about fortifications in Russian area in middle ages. There was no exact european castles, but rather slightly different constructions - кремль, город and гуляй-город for example. The word "город", which is being used this days to refer a city, truly means "fortification". Also, monasteries and churches were always built as forts basically, and were able to withstand sieges.
more castles please
Great, I want more WW2, WW1, inter war, ancient, medieval, modern or anything else 🙂
Yes, they had to be centres of business to some degree just as much as military to keep up the running costs. I seem to remember this could be an early source of tension with the Catholic church in England as there was competition for markets (especially wool markets) with monasteries.
Makes sense that a garrisoned castle could also support a market.
They were usually built in centralized locations. I imagine they could exact a small toll in return for protecting merchants and their goods when they had nothing else to do.
The way he pronounces "Garrisons" infuriates me to no end! xD
Woah, there's some misleading graphics in here: the upkeep cost of 700 pounds per year is shown as being 3.3 times the size of an income of 1000 pounds. I'm sure it's a simple mistake but it might be worth putting a note up.