Hypoxia 22, Carbon dioxide retainers

How ventilation is stimulated

[@MWAMALUMBILI]

Fact Sheet: How Inhaled Carbon Dioxide Affects the Body?
Normally, humans breathe in air that is approximately 20.95% oxygen, 78.09% nitrogen, 0.93% argon, and 0.04% (400 ppm) of carbon dioxide. Like CO2, oxygen also dissolves in the lungs and is transported to the blood via diffusion across the lung tissue (alveoli). Once in the blood, oxygen is carried throughout the body by the arteries, and is used in cell metabolism throughout the body.
Carbon dioxide is given off as a by-product of cell metabolism and is carried by the blood through the venous system (veins) to the lungs. Here it is exhaled. The concentration of CO2 in each breath is ~3.8%, and the “average” person produces approximately two pounds of carbon dioxide each day. More CO2 is given off by strenuous activity.
Hypercapnia, hypercarbia, or hypercapnea, is the physiological term for the condition of, and the body’s response to, excessive carbon dioxide. When CO2 is breathed into the lungs, it dissolves in the water there, diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane, and enters the bloodstream. As it combines with water, it forms carbonic acid, making the blood acidic. So CO2 in the bloodstream lowers the blood pH.
When CO2 levels become excessive, a condition known as acidosis occurs. This is defined as the pH of the blood becoming less than 7.35. The body maintains the balance mainly by using bicarbonate ions in the blood. As the body responds to neutralize this condition, an electrolyte imbalance - an increase of plasma chloride, potassium, calcium and sodium, can occur. In the blood stream, CO2 concentration is also controlled by reversible reactions with two major blood components, plasma proteins and hemoglobin.
In addition, the body uses other specific mechanisms to compensate for the excess carbon dioxide. Breathing rate and breathing volume increase, the blood pressure increases, the heart rate increases, and kidney bicarbonate production ( in order to buffer the effects of blood acidosis), occur. Blood vessels in the extremities constrict, restricting blood flow to these body parts. At the same time, arteries in the brain, spinal cord, and heart dilate, so that more blood flows is diverted to maintain the function of these critical organs.
When there is exposure to very high levels of CO2, in excess of 5% (50,000 ppm), the body’s compensatory mechanisms can become overwhelmed, and the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) functions are depressed, then fail. Death soon follows.
Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) can cause too little CO2 and result in alkalosis (pH blood becomes elevated).
People at high altitudes that are not acclimated (pilots without supplemental oxygen, travelers to high altitudes), because there is less available oxygen to breathe (lower partial pressure of oxygen because the air is “thinner”), can become unconscious due to lack of oxygen without ever having a sensation of “air hunger”.
Fortunately, during the past decade, great strides have been made in developing accurate, rugged, and dependable carbon dioxide sensors at a reasonable cost. These sensors can now be part of a multi-gas monitor, such as those used for confined space entry, be a single gas monitor that is hand-held or worn by the worker, or be installed in a production area to detect high levels of CO2. Industry has embraced this technology, using them as a routine part of production work, and trained workers to use them.

[@KayRenae409]

Thank you so much, Dr. Campbell! Your explanation is so incredibly clear and concise :) I love the way you pause and allow time for the viewers to answer your questions before you speak. This is a huge help with PA school, so again, I thank you! :D

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@rhysasamin7040]

Required this knowledge for my exam, because of your explanation ... I finally understand the hypoxia drive concept. Thank you so much.

[@turgaydogan7279]

I am not an academic nor medic, but a scuba diving instructor and first aider. I enjoy your deivery on these subjects so much. Many thanks for your effords, Sir. Much love from Turkey

[@sas911sas]

ua-cam.com/video/QBajM3xmOtc/v-deo.html

[@melissahahn4779]

Just had a patient who had (?progressed to) this - and I was beside myself trying to figure out if there was something I missed. He was drowsy - but we knew he hadn’t slept more than 30 minutes at a time in almost 48 hours, so I wasn’t overly worried. His vital signs were stable - SpO2 in the 90s on Room Air, Resp rate no more than 20, no respiratory symptoms at all, I quickly screened him for stroke symptoms & for signs of bleeding ( he’d needed a transfusion earlier that week) - I let him sleep. The doctor added CO2 narcosis to his note after placing him on BiPAP later that day. Thank you for this video; it helps me understand what happened.

[@willpalmer100]

This is brilliant! I’ve read so many books! And this video blows them all out the water ! Thank you!

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@pauladexter6164]

As always you make it simple to understand, love your teaching. Thank you x

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@patstokes7040]

Wow, this was so informing and so important for those that have lung problems. I think that many people think it's an oxygen problem and it's not.

[@susan92202]

ITS BOTH. YOUR LUNGS TRAP BA A CO2, NOT LEAVING ROOM FOR YOUR LUNGS TO GET IN AND RETAIN GOOD OXYGEN THAT FEEDS YOUR BODY. I HAVE IT AND NO ONE INDERSTANDS THAT I CAN'T BREATH!!!! THE PULSE OX SAYS IM OXIGINATED BUT IM NOT GETTING AIR. ALMOST DIED BECAUSE MY CO2 LEVELS WERE SO HIGH, PASSED OUT WITH NO OXYGEN GETTING IN. ITS A NIGHTMARE. WHATS WORSE IS THE DRS AND NURSES WHO MISTREAT YOU WHEN YOUR SUFFERING SO MUCH.

[@jessicaliu6827]

Thank you so much for your explanation! I was confused for this topic for long time, now my brain is much clear!

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@emhoianh]

Get em Doc. Thanks for the tutorial, well explained and easy to understand. 😃

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@dm4859]

Wow. I am a retainer apparently. I watch your Covid videos. Didn't even realize I had clicked on obe of your old videos. Good explanation.

[@Pawsandclaws337]

Thank you so much! Such a wonderful logic explanation!

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@ballen772]

@@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303 my husband's CO2 came back a tad high. I'm trying to figure out the cause. The mask thing did not even occur to me until I read your comment. He has to wear one all day everyday at work. 🙄

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

@@ballen772 yeah, I would inform him of the science behind carbon dioxide saturation, the harm that it causes! Look, I have severe seasonal allergies you would think pollen would be an easy task for the mask but it’s not. Any a virus is submicroscopic so , forget about it! Breathe and enjoy life! I lifted the mandate for myself.🤓👍🏾

[@TaDrUm22]

Wow! You made this so clear. Thank you!!

[@drdardeir3356]

Great Explanation. Thanks a lot doctor.

[@tonnymuntu2429]

Thanks so much Dr. Campbell !!! You make it so easy to understand.

[@ReSOMOL99]

Nice explanations. thank you doctor

[@almaraNZ]

Thanks - I had a student nurse with me today and a copd patient we received on 4LO2NP. After I got home I realised I should have quizzed the student on what we should be thinking about with that patient - but was also not sure id be able to do justice to a consice discussion that really addressed the pathophysiology

[@soyourcar]

Excellent explanation, thanks!

[@bellatrix336]

excellent video! so fascinating and well explained thank you

[@virginiaplummer1900]

Your videos are excellent!

[@castawaypt1875]

Very informative and well explained. Thank you.

[@shaheenf.846]

So clear and Precise!

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@kukugehlot7881]

So very helpful thank sir ji 🙏

[@markojuric7928]

thank you very much, beautifully explained.

[@bronwynbodnar7145]

Thought this was great! Thanks

[@CH-ej3yx]

Thank you so much for this easy to understand explanation!!

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@lixiaona]

thank you professor! enventually i understand why you won't give too much oxygen to COPD patients!

[@poochyboi]

Thank you for this!

[@joecrozier3437]

Excellent explination could we have a flow chart of the CO2 DRIVE?

[@junczhang]

thank you so much! this is a very clear explanation!

[@torontogirl3]

so very helpful, thanks!

[@ronnazhou6938]

great lecture !

[@Martin_Roos]

May God bless you all !

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

😊 Logic I’m familiar with! 2020 and beyond Carbon dioxide is harmless and we’re told by experts to wear them every day all day!😒

[@online-anglictina]

I have a question: In 6:50 dr. Campbell says: ...these patients can die through excess amount of oxygen..." Is that correct? Shouldnt it be "excess amount of carbon diaxide"? Thank you

[@Asddvj]

Thank you 🙏

[@alexvikendi1768]

Thanks

[@funstuff24]

I am a co2 retainer. Drs. tell me my levels are higher than any patient they have treated. I try to research my condition as much as possible but have never come across such a precise explanation as yours. Thank you so much. I use supplemental o2 but try to keep the flow as low as I can and still keep a decent saturation for fear of the whole hypoxic drive issue. I haven’t had an abg done in months. Last one was in the 90s. Is this normal for Drs. not to check my co2 levels more frequently? I worry about it.

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today?😬

[@lorendaappel-eeson2265]

Thank you

[@mm-zd9ml]

Thank you so much!!! Excellent video...pls can you tell me what is the wording on 4:32..."what keep them breathing". Pls just is hard to tell, I put cc and writes something weird. pls

[@Campbellteaching]

rhythmicity centre, just keeps the rhythm going all of the time, its in the brain stem.

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today?! If so you’re an idiot!🤨

[@michellenine5197]

I'm feeling a shocking sensation hearing vibration in right ear I hear frequencies this is tortuous Could this be causing it or 5G EMF type attacks

[@michellenine5197]

It makes breathing difficult I can't concentrate on any but trying to make this stop for 9 months now I have a harder time around TV's and phones even the electricity in homes stores happens outside but usually feel some better outside

[@kizzE17]

How relevant in 2020.

[@lekhrajsahu8888]

Namaste Dr. Campbell. Our team is doing research in the field of how kumbhaka (a breath retention process in pranayama discipline of yoga) affects the levels of CO2 in the body and what are the effects. Did your tried out how pranayama can help the patients of hypercapnia oe hypoxia. Thank you.

[@Martin_Roos]

Namaste. Pranayama increases CO2 tolérance and cellular oxygénation through Bohr effect but be careful, an instructor is needed.
It's also contraindicated for CO2 retainers.

[@michaelharding3968]

Amazing

[@lbrise3281]

cool mate, nice job I got what you mean.
there are several questions... how we know a patient is a CO2 retainer?
what is the amount of O2 we can give?

[@IAM0973D3]

So if you eat to much food all the time and as it is digested, could this increase the CO2 in the body? As well compromise the immune systems? Well just one of the side effects of to much nutrition and waste in the body. And at the end of life dose CO2 increase in the body as part of the processes of the body shutting down??

[@antonioyanez6155]

Would a non rebreather help a patient retaining carbon dioxide ?

[@reem4374]

But these people who are chronically hypercarbonic are usually chronically hypoxic, why they don't desensitize the same way?

[@lolliesmith5297]

can this be corrected? is there a cure?

[@amypeterson8615]

How can I trust an ox meter is accurate when I have very severe emphysema & severe gas trapping? Carbon dioxide sticks to hemoglobin easier then oxygen?

[@alanj399]

Could wearing a mask for prolonged periods of time cause the same effects you are talking about due to inhaling one's own carbon dioxide and how long would one have to wear a mask before adverse effects might be apparent?

[@peterbooi534]

I was about to ask the same thing. There are perhaps different types of co2 i guess. But the mask is killing me

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@shaniceanderson2191]

I am researching and looking for the answer to this very question

[@Martin_Roos]

Yep, COVID Mask made me a CO2 retainer. Good job satanic NWO!

[@MrBook001]

I wish you are my prof :(

[@theresageiger584]

How does one get better

[@geojor]

does carbon dioxide only enter the lung alveoli during exhalation, or does some carbon dioxide also leave the body during inhalation? thanks in advance for your answer...

[@thinkinsidetheboxsquarecir3303]

Are you wearing a mask today? If so, you’re an idiot!🤨

[@jimmycrackedcorn4u]

2:45

[@rickrude6301]

My blood test showed CO2 is 33, Normal is 20-30 What does this mean?

[@syklystevens2581]

I came here since covid

[@theresageiger584]

Please someone help me

[@poknatztv]

This is why we should not wear masks.

[@edwardvenison8080]

No, if you are referring to the common masks we all wear for COVID-19 protection then you are wrong, O2 and CO2 pass through masks easily and will have no effect on the ventilation of the lungs. You've missed the point of this video - it's making the point that people who have adapted to chronically high CO2 in their blood (the flux of which is normal driver of impulse to breath), no longer have the ability to detect higher levels of CO2. Instead they rely on O2 receptors to detect low levels of oxygen. Therefore, If you treat a CO2 retainer with high level O2 for too long, their body will detect high O2 levels constantly in their blood, and essential stop the impulse to breath, further increasing levels of CO2 in their blood. Subsequently this causes respiratory acidosis and other issues.

[@griesburner]

@@edwardvenison8080 could you please set that in context of something like slow reduced breathing techniques like buteyko or pranayama wich are acutally told to be healthy? i am practicing my co2 tolerance at the moment - and what you write would sound like it is very dangerous. what about divers etc who have very high co2 tolerances?