It’s so fascinating to hear that Japan is the most masculine country even though they have an extensive welfare system and similar to Jante Law they have a saying “the nail that sticks out gets hammered down”
found Geert Hofstede in a management text book, and looked him up to try and figure out what his ideas of masculinity and femininity are, and if he has any empirical basis for them. Of course, he doesn't present any of the empirical backing for his ideas in the 10 minutes allotted to him. His ideas in this video seem consistent with American ideas of masculinity and femininity (I'm American), but I'd be curious to see if these ideas hold the same associations in other cultures.
I wonder what Hofstede would make of Eric Fromm's distinguishing between "necrophilic" and "biomorphic" societies, or have we dismissed Fromm altogether? (cf. The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness, by Fromm)
Hofstede mentioned "Die Furcht vor Freiheit" in regards to uncertainty avoidance. Freedom of choice leading to more uncertainty. He proposed that German authoritarians helped to eliminate peoples' fear of uncertainty. Also, with uncertainty avoidance, you make the choice and you will see the result whether it is good or bad and not be left with the uncertainty of not knowing.
well, they don't really see sex as a performance but rather to form a connection with a partner. Other than that they check out in the high end of the masculinity dimension
I don't know but it should be a mistake . He said thay arab countries are within feminine societies . But Morocco ad an arab country. Boys shouldn't cry but fight. However, girls could cry but not fight. I'm confused now. Could any one answer this ?
Well, it goes something like this. It asks for your national country and your gender. Then a question like: "How important is material wealth for you when deciding if you would marry someone?" or "I dislike people who are openly competitive (scale of 1-5). In countries like China, the first question would have a high score and the second question would be a low score, since you try to marry rich, and people who don't compete are losers. If you go to a country like South Korea, neighbors and physically very similar to the Chinese, the results would be sort of the opposite. Koreans Do value material wealth but would also consider how good the other person treats them. And Koreans are also openly against confrontation and direct competition. It's in fact one of the most stark cultural differences between Koreans and Chinese. Thus, as expected, the masculinity score of South Koreans is pretty low compared to Mainland China, despite all the other dimensions being somewhat similar. One of the biggest complains about Chinese from the Korean perspective is their loud emphasis on who is richer. And one of the biggest complaints about Koreans from the Chinese side is that they are "sissies". Sissy as in being gentle and non-confrontational. But it is interpreted in this way due to the differences in cultural perspectives.
Femininity: Beauty & Nurture Masculinity: Courage & Rescue There is absolutely nothing wrong with being feminine and nothing wrong with being masculine because both of them are a gift not a curse period. Femininity brings grace to our world and masculinity brings safety to our world. Feminine Video: ua-cam.com/video/lRU0N_YTSB8/v-deo.html Masculine Video: ua-cam.com/video/TJ1NS_lHVok/v-deo.html
The dimension names are a bit misleading, if you don't understand how the dimensions are acquired. They are based on common cultural surveys and do not necessarily reflect the actual norms and values involved in everyday decision making. They are intended and used for comparing cultures, not predicting the values and beliefs the individuals in those countries may hold. I don't know why Russia is ranked as feminine, but my guess is because work/life balance is more towards life there and because 70 years of radical left tyranny and tough economic conditions leveled the gender roles.
@@kaktotak8267 well I'm Russian and I can totally relate to the ideas of the feminine society. Was very surprised myself, yet the classification of the feminine society meets our social needs, norms, and ideas
Two questions and one doubt. Does a feminist society count as feminine society? Does a feminine society support gender equality? From the video, femininity is neither biologically nor morally implicated, but rather an absence of distinctive emotional roles of gender. Being assertive and tough and focused on material success in a feminine society is not restricted to males, neither would being modest and tender and caring quality of life should be monopolized by female. If I am not wrong, feminist ideology is more complicated than what ordinary people would take for granted. And gender equality is more about equal social opportunities and income, or simply put, fair treatment in political, economic and other terms. Whatever details both entails, feminists and gender equality are social endeavor, purpose, ideals. They are not status quo, the state of affairs, nor being that way as a result of culture. Like a boy born to be told you are tender and sweet, and your daddy loves you for that, while a baby girl is encouraged by mum to be assertive and tough in the face of challenge and difficulties. Or the other way around, but with no parental assertion that the other gender should behave the opposite. And they do that all too naturally without efforts. This, as I understand, is what femininity means on a societal level. The only doubt as I see it, is that material achievement and quality of life happen to be only two of life focus in different types of civilizations. Majority of the west and east Asians are achievement-oriented societies, and they could easily associate quality of life as another end of the spectrum in life as opposed to achievement. MAI works well and perfect here. Arabian society has remained uncharted territory in in-depth cultural comparisons for quite a while but no doubt being assertive is one key characteristics in their Culture of Honour. As for Latin Americans, some of the happiest people are living there even when they got serious problems with their economic and social achievement both as a society and as individuals. I hope further MAI research would have great findings in the face of a wider horizon beyond the West and East Asia.
From my understanding of the video, I would conclude "no" to both your questions. For example, in the case of Thailiand, Hofstede's research found it was a femine society, while Thailand is certainly no feminist society and doesn't seem to support gender equality.
Whenever I see so-called feminists in countries like the USA, the UK and Australia, I always think how masculine they are in terms of the way they talk! That proves that those countries are in fact masculine, even with regard to the feminists.
Yeah, the type of feminism that one might call "corporate feminism" (a la Lean In) is big in the USA, and it places a high value on work outside the home, material achievement, assertiveness, and is less concerned with quality of life, perhaps even looking down on women who choose family over career (this seems to be changing, perhaps). These seem to fit the "masculine" qualities of US culture. I'm new to this, so lemme know if that's off :)
@@leemiller1837 Now, why can't a woman (or a person in general) be able to be both feminine while still being capable of getting tough, assertive, etc.? I can see a woman who aspires for a career while enjoying "feminine" things like clothe shopping or romance films. On the ither hand, I can see a woman who stays at home yet can get assertive should, say, her husband start doing things that endangers the family (like Marge Simpson). And who's to say that a career woman can't rear a family? My parents both worked (with my mother being a boss) and they raised me and my siblings fine.
@@cadethumann8605 I agree! I've seen all this myself, too. I suppose these counterexamples show the limitations of typology derived from factor analysis, which iirc basically shows that traits tend to correlate.
There is not a best sign. In my case you have to mix the masculanity and femininity in live. If you are only masculine or feminine in live, you will not make in this live . I know a frirend , he is a leo, but very feminine. So it depends how you representate in live and what you have reached and if you hare happy. So you have to representate what actually works in every situation in live!
You are using the words as if they were personality traits. Fine, but that is not what Hofstede means; for him this is about the unwritten rules of society, not about individuals.
This is the only one of his concepts that imo is too western to meaningfully explain non-western cultures. It makes sense to compare the gender roles in the US to Holland for instance, but gender roles and expectations in Saudi Arabia and UK are going to be so different that it makes this metric kind of worthless.
Well, I partly agree with this statement. MAS/FEM is not the only dimension that describes gender roles. For each culture, the combination of all six dimension scores gives a broad picture of that culture, a Gestalt if you like. So if two societies also differ on other dimensions of culture, we cannot expect MAS/FEM to suffice for explaining gender roles.
Ok, but so only the masculine societies have flaws? The feminine are perfect and balanced? Wouldn't the ones named feminines in the video be more on the middle part of the spectrum? Because, if one society is too feminine, wouldn't it be missing successful people (with regards to work), ambition, and even rationality in opposition to intuition/agreeableness/consensus based in feelings? Even more so, because there are studies that have already shown that in the Nordic countries the more equal opportunities exist between men and women, the more women tend to choose traditionally female professions (e.g. nursing, teaching) and men traditionally masculine ones (engineering, mathematics)? Wouldn't it be a contradiction to say that in the feminine countries there is an equal amount of women and men in each professional area?
The scale is only in relation to other countries which means that the countries on the more feminine side don't necessarily have a really high level of the "femininity aspects" but are more feminine compared to countries on the more masculine end of the scale
R.I.P professor Hofstede!
???
@@Nana-eq5bq
Prof. Hofstede in this video passed away in February 2020.
It is remarkable show. Thanks for your offers.
Could please add the references link or the articles titles.
I've always been so interested in how countries scale on each of these points. Thanks for the added info!
Ukraine is as corrupt as Russia. Dope
i fucking love this guy, and the intro is so relaxing. Awesome video
Much love
It’s so fascinating to hear that Japan is the most masculine country even though they have an extensive welfare system and similar to Jante Law they have a saying “the nail that sticks out gets hammered down”
They like to bow down like mugs
Hofstede is awesome
found Geert Hofstede in a management text book, and looked him up to try and figure out what his ideas of masculinity and femininity are, and if he has any empirical basis for them. Of course, he doesn't present any of the empirical backing for his ideas in the 10 minutes allotted to him. His ideas in this video seem consistent with American ideas of masculinity and femininity (I'm American), but I'd be curious to see if these ideas hold the same associations in other cultures.
You could read his textbooks to see the evidence.
I wonder what Hofstede would make of Eric Fromm's distinguishing between "necrophilic" and "biomorphic" societies, or have we dismissed Fromm altogether? (cf. The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness, by Fromm)
Hofstede mentioned "Die Furcht vor Freiheit" in regards to uncertainty avoidance. Freedom of choice leading to more uncertainty. He proposed that German authoritarians helped to eliminate peoples' fear of uncertainty. Also, with uncertainty avoidance, you make the choice and you will see the result whether it is good or bad and not be left with the uncertainty of not knowing.
I wish Geert Hofstede and Jordan Peterson could have done a podcast or something
It seems odd that the Arab countries, Pakistan and African countries are not particularly high on this dimension.
well, they don't really see sex as a performance but rather to form a connection with a partner. Other than that they check out in the high end of the masculinity dimension
I don't know but it should be a mistake . He said thay arab countries are within feminine societies . But Morocco ad an arab country. Boys shouldn't cry but fight. However, girls could cry but not fight. I'm confused now. Could any one answer this ?
It's very strange about the Arab countries. Also Pakistan and African countries are quite low if you read the textbook.
Hay
I wish he would actually explain how he measured this.
google him maybe you find something
Well, it goes something like this. It asks for your national country and your gender. Then a question like: "How important is material wealth for you when deciding if you would marry someone?" or "I dislike people who are openly competitive (scale of 1-5). In countries like China, the first question would have a high score and the second question would be a low score, since you try to marry rich, and people who don't compete are losers. If you go to a country like South Korea, neighbors and physically very similar to the Chinese, the results would be sort of the opposite. Koreans Do value material wealth but would also consider how good the other person treats them. And Koreans are also openly against confrontation and direct competition. It's in fact one of the most stark cultural differences between Koreans and Chinese. Thus, as expected, the masculinity score of South Koreans is pretty low compared to Mainland China, despite all the other dimensions being somewhat similar. One of the biggest complains about Chinese from the Korean perspective is their loud emphasis on who is richer. And one of the biggest complaints about Koreans from the Chinese side is that they are "sissies". Sissy as in being gentle and non-confrontational. But it is interpreted in this way due to the differences in cultural perspectives.
Hello professor,
I have a question. Are you who created these dimensions or they were already created by another scientist?
He created them
Femininity: Beauty & Nurture
Masculinity: Courage & Rescue
There is absolutely nothing wrong with being feminine and nothing wrong with being masculine because both of them are a gift not a curse period. Femininity brings grace to our world and masculinity brings safety to our world.
Feminine Video: ua-cam.com/video/lRU0N_YTSB8/v-deo.html
Masculine Video: ua-cam.com/video/TJ1NS_lHVok/v-deo.html
That's vary interesting. I thought Russia should be a high-masculinity society, very surprising
The dimension names are a bit misleading, if you don't understand how the dimensions are acquired. They are based on common cultural surveys and do not necessarily reflect the actual norms and values involved in everyday decision making. They are intended and used for comparing cultures, not predicting the values and beliefs the individuals in those countries may hold. I don't know why Russia is ranked as feminine, but my guess is because work/life balance is more towards life there and because 70 years of radical left tyranny and tough economic conditions leveled the gender roles.
@@kaktotak8267 well I'm Russian and I can totally relate to the ideas of the feminine society. Was very surprised myself, yet the classification of the feminine society meets our social needs, norms, and ideas
@@anncherne русский мужчина либо спит либо воюет, а всем остальным занимается женщина ;)
With all the respect to professor Hofstede, I tend to think that Russia is a real definition of Masculine society. It meets all the listed criteria.
he doesnt even said how did he measure it, did he interview people ? or what ?
RIP
Two questions and one doubt.
Does a feminist society count as feminine society? Does a feminine society support gender equality?
From the video, femininity is neither biologically nor morally implicated, but rather an absence of distinctive emotional roles of gender. Being assertive and tough and focused on material success in a feminine society is not restricted to males, neither would being modest and tender and caring quality of life should be monopolized by female.
If I am not wrong, feminist ideology is more complicated than what ordinary people would take for granted. And gender equality is more about equal social opportunities and income, or simply put, fair treatment in political, economic and other terms. Whatever details both entails, feminists and gender equality are social endeavor, purpose, ideals. They are not status quo, the state of affairs, nor being that way as a result of culture.
Like a boy born to be told you are tender and sweet, and your daddy loves you for that, while a baby girl is encouraged by mum to be assertive and tough in the face of challenge and difficulties. Or the other way around, but with no parental assertion that the other gender should behave the opposite. And they do that all too naturally without efforts. This, as I understand, is what femininity means on a societal level.
The only doubt as I see it, is that material achievement and quality of life happen to be only two of life focus in different types of civilizations. Majority of the west and east Asians are achievement-oriented societies, and they could easily associate quality of life as another end of the spectrum in life as opposed to achievement. MAI works well and perfect here. Arabian society has remained uncharted territory in in-depth cultural comparisons for quite a while but no doubt being assertive is one key characteristics in their Culture of Honour. As for Latin Americans, some of the happiest people are living there even when they got serious problems with their economic and social achievement both as a society and as individuals. I hope further MAI research would have great findings in the face of a wider horizon beyond the West and East Asia.
From my understanding of the video, I would conclude "no" to both your questions. For example, in the case of Thailiand, Hofstede's research found it was a femine society, while Thailand is certainly no feminist society and doesn't seem to support gender equality.
Whenever I see so-called feminists in countries like the USA, the UK and Australia, I always think how masculine they are in terms of the way they talk! That proves that those countries are in fact masculine, even with regard to the feminists.
Yeah, the type of feminism that one might call "corporate feminism" (a la Lean In) is big in the USA, and it places a high value on work outside the home, material achievement, assertiveness, and is less concerned with quality of life, perhaps even looking down on women who choose family over career (this seems to be changing, perhaps). These seem to fit the "masculine" qualities of US culture. I'm new to this, so lemme know if that's off :)
@@leemiller1837 Now, why can't a woman (or a person in general) be able to be both feminine while still being capable of getting tough, assertive, etc.? I can see a woman who aspires for a career while enjoying "feminine" things like clothe shopping or romance films. On the ither hand, I can see a woman who stays at home yet can get assertive should, say, her husband start doing things that endangers the family (like Marge Simpson).
And who's to say that a career woman can't rear a family? My parents both worked (with my mother being a boss) and they raised me and my siblings fine.
@@cadethumann8605 I agree! I've seen all this myself, too. I suppose these counterexamples show the limitations of typology derived from factor analysis, which iirc basically shows that traits tend to correlate.
There is not a best sign. In my case you have to mix the masculanity and femininity in live. If you are only masculine or feminine in live, you will not make in this live . I know a frirend , he is a leo, but very feminine. So it depends how you representate in live and what you have reached and if you hare happy. So you have to representate what actually works in every situation in live!
You are using the words as if they were personality traits. Fine, but that is not what Hofstede means; for him this is about the unwritten rules of society, not about individuals.
dude's just dunking on masculinity with research, whatta fucking g
This is the only one of his concepts that imo is too western to meaningfully explain non-western cultures. It makes sense to compare the gender roles in the US to Holland for instance, but gender roles and expectations in Saudi Arabia and UK are going to be so different that it makes this metric kind of worthless.
Well, I partly agree with this statement. MAS/FEM is not the only dimension that describes gender roles. For each culture, the combination of all six dimension scores gives a broad picture of that culture, a Gestalt if you like. So if two societies also differ on other dimensions of culture, we cannot expect MAS/FEM to suffice for explaining gender roles.
@@gertjanhofstede ua and sto i guess increase diffrrence in roles.Colectivism too i think.Indulgent societies tend to ignore gender roles too
MAS/FEM is about emotional gender roles, not jobs, hierarchy, or freedom.
@@gertjanhofstede so which factors do you think ingluence them besides masc index.You said there were more
@@paulomendes4892 ultimately it is in the mix. Not to be summarized in a few lines.
"expert"
When he says feminism society he probably means neutral.
Ok, but so only the masculine societies have flaws? The feminine are perfect and balanced? Wouldn't the ones named feminines in the video be more on the middle part of the spectrum?
Because, if one society is too feminine, wouldn't it be missing successful people (with regards to work), ambition, and even rationality in opposition to intuition/agreeableness/consensus based in feelings? Even more so, because there are studies that have already shown that in the Nordic countries the more equal opportunities exist between men and women, the more women tend to choose traditionally female professions (e.g. nursing, teaching) and men traditionally masculine ones (engineering, mathematics)? Wouldn't it be a contradiction to say that in the feminine countries there is an equal amount of women and men in each professional area?
The scale is only in relation to other countries which means that the countries on the more feminine side don't necessarily have a really high level of the "femininity aspects" but are more feminine compared to countries on the more masculine end of the scale
Thumbs up if you are here from Mr.Lancaster's class
I'm here from Rosa's class