How Did the Austro-Hungarian Empire Actually Work?
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- Опубліковано 9 жов 2022
- Austria-Hungary was the second-largest state in Europe for half a century, but it functioned unlike any other. Austria and Hungary operated as separate entities in almost all situations, united only in allegiance to a shared monarch: the Emperor-King Franz Joseph I, penultimate head of the House of Habsburg.
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Sources Consulted:
Kardum, Livia, and Bruno Korea Gajski. “The 1903 Crisis of Dualism in Austria-Hungary” Politička misao 49, no. 2 (2012): 97-123.
Miller, Stuart T. Mastering Modern European History. London: Macmillan Education LTD, 1990.
Péter, Laszlo. Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions in a European Perspective. Leiden: BRILL, 2012.
Shepherd, William R. Historical Atlas. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1911.
Tihany, Leslie C. “The Austro-Hungarian Compromise, 1867-1918: A Half Century of Diagnosis; Fifty Years of Post-Mortem” Central European History 2, no. 2 (1969): 114-138.
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Sorry if my narration is a bit lackluster this time around. It's very smoky here atm and my throat isn't a fan. Thanks for watching!
This is the first video of yours I have seen, and I kinda thought your “lackluster” narration sounded unique and interesting.
I think showing a map of all Germans in the empire while talking about austrian germans may misrepresent german groups like the saxons in transilvania and other germans inside hungry whom were ther since the middle ages (before austrian influence in the kingdom of Hungary)
eh, I mean, first video I watch of you. It was nice, I am gonna binge more stuff from you so I don't have a problem with it.
Air polution sucks, it should be ended.
It's pronounced more like "mud jar" rather than "Maggy Yar".
"How did the Austro-Hungarian Empire actually work?"
That's a difficult question to answer as neither Kaiser Franz Joseph nor his subjects knew the answer to that question themselves.
It didn't.
Still worked better and more effective than the European Union.
But sure, this dual thing complicated things.
@Luitpold Walterstorffer The EU is a mostly economic alliance, also the EU has a large movement for further unification something that Austria-Hungary never has had, so what is wrong with the EU that makes it more stable than the EU
Austria Hungary functioned like Brazil, you see it didn’t
@@casualjoe1264 The EU has no such movement. Not by a long shot. Theres simply no common rallying point to keep it all a united nation. Think Austria being essentially a Bavaria spin-off. Or how Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia respectively united over similar/identical languages, common threats, similar cultures and so on.
Think of it this way: You'll find hardcore nationalists who'd die for the wellbeing of their country in a heartbeat. How much more likely do you think that would be for Greece than the EU? The fact that almost every multinational state so far collapsed shouldve been a hint to what awaits the EU should it try something funny. So a tight alliance is the best thing that can happen
Croatian law student here! We talked a lot about the austro-hungarian compromise and the croato-hungarian compromise. To me it was one of the more interesting things we learned in class. Some fun things to note:
The diets of various places in the austrian side had local bishops as permanent members. This included serbian orthodox bishops in dalmatia. Diets of dalmatia and istria very both very ethnically diverse meaning there was a lot of tension and disagrement, especially since members of the same ethnic groups often didn't agree internally, let alone with the other peoples.
4:25 this is also very important to note. The system of each region having a local diet and sending representatives to Vienna was never accepted in the kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia-Slavonia. We just never sent any representatives. This is why the entire compromise was necesary. Theorethically, if we accepted this system we could have seen the empire further decentralize along the lines of these regions, instead of forming a dual monarcy.
And for the end, fun fact about Bosnia. After it got annexed, sharia courts were formed so that the muslim population could use religious law in family and inheritance matters. Similar system exists in Greece today, specifically in Western Thrace
Why wasn't the system accepted? To me it seems a limited federation would have been the best path for the Austrian Empire. Keeping a single central government but also appeasing it's minorities. I can understand why the Kingdom of Hungary, which had lost it's long held status of autonomy over half the empire would hate and boycott Vienna's attempts at federalism, but Croatia Slovenia were a smaller region within the empire that to an outsider looking in would have benefited from federalism.
I always wondered about that too. It seems the logical way to have gone about governing the Empire. But humans are not always logical.
@@bones6448 Slavonia -> Croatian region
Slovenia -> that tiny alpine country Austria ruled for almost a millenium
There is so much to learn from the K.u.K Empire/Monarchies.
It seems that sometimes the only thing keeping a state together is one single person. After that person dies, the whole thing just collapses....
You forget some minor issues, like ww1....
That wasn't really the case with Austria-Hungary. Sure, Franz Josef was a very important symbol of unity, but the dissolution of Austria-Hungary has much more to do with the extraordinary strains of WW1 and other external factors.
@@fehervari98Could it have survived without WW1? It seems to me like WW1 itself was largely a symptom of the strain that was already on the empire as a result of the rise of nationalism, and it sped up the process of disintegration that was already well in motion by that point. If the Archduke had not been killed, or if the response to the assassination had been handled in a way that did not end up provoking a major armed conflict I still can't really see the Dual-Monarchy surviving in the long term. It probably would not have ended when it did in 1918, but I don't think it would have lasted very much longer in that form.
Perhaps as something akin to a Danubian Commonwealth of Nations (possibly with two or more of its member-states under a personal union), or some other intergovernmental body.
Once nationalism became a factor it became a near-impossibility to keep multi-ethnic states like it together. Even the Austrian and Hungarian crownlands would have been difficult to keep intact themselves considering how their demographics were working against them in the age of nationalism. And considering the continuing patterns we've seen in nationalism over the course of the 20th century I very much doubt the proposed United States of Greater Austria would have been able to succeed either.
My three takeaways:
1: The Austrian half was more decentralised having local diets for different states, but was more oligarchic/absolutist/aristocratic. The Hungarian half was more centralised, but (slightly) more democratic.
2: Croatia had autonomy from Hungary within their crownlands, while Hungary intern had autonomy from Austria as part of a single Empire, this makes me think of recursion/fractals.
3: Perhaps a 3-way Empire containing territory of a German, Magyar, and "boardly Slavic" lands could have been possible if the powers in the country didnt hate/look down on slavs so much.
Your 3d point was actually proposed in the last months of the war but by that time the slavic nations had had enough and were already lobying with the Entante for creating Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia and resurrecting Poland.
@Three Emperors Interesting. I didnt know that. 1907-1918 isnt really that long though.
I think Franz Ferdinand wanted the trialism creating a south-slavic entity next to the Austrian and Hungarian part. That's why he was a threat in the eyes of Serbian Nationalists as Croats, Slovenes and Bosnians would have been well better of within the Empire and the idea to become part of Serbia or a future Yugoslavia would seem absurd. Serbian nationalists wanted to unify all slavs and therefore any political program that would improve the situation of sout slavs was a threat in their eyes - therefore Franz Ferdinand was a problem and he had to die in Sarajevo.
@Three Emperors Say that to the Czech students killed in 1848 or the soldiers of the Czechslovak legion who had to fight through Russia during the Civil War just to get back home. As a Czech this really isn’t true.
@@luitpoldwalterstorffer2446 Actually the trialism concept was a watered down (but at the time much more realistic) version of the 'United States of Greater Austria' (Vereinigte Staaten von Groß-Österreich) idea which was proposed by a group of scholars surrounding Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The 'United States of Greater Austria' proposal was much more radical as it would have federalized Austria-Hungary into 15 states based on ethnic groups. Each state would have been built around an ethnic group that was the majority in a certain region. Within these new states there would have been also a few regions with autonomy for the bigger minority groups (mostly German speaking enclaves).
There was a lot of resistance against this idea from different sides. Especially Hungary was strictly against this idea because obviously it would have reduced its territory when new nation states would have been created based on the ethnic groups.
In hindsight it was a big blunder for Hungary to not support this idea. Although it would have been significantly reduced in size by the plan, it lost even more after WW1. In addition 2 of the 15 states were planned for Hungarian speaking people. In addition to Hungary it was also planned to create a state Seklerland based on a majority Hungarian speaking region in present-day Romania.
As a Hungarian, I would give anything for the Austrians to come and take over again. 😅 we clearly don’t know what we are doing.
Believe me...we neither. Our goverment the last few years....never talk about them.
They are two nations, with one ruler: Putin :)
@@gigikontra7023 🤨
Hungary has better government than most of the world currently.
@@tomhanks7571 You can take them. We will gift them to you, just take them out of the country pls ✌🏻
In Hungary, the symbol of state power was not the king, but the crown. The Hungarian nobles decided on whose head they would be placed. This was very democratic, as the noble assembly and the king decided jointly. The Austrians came to the Hungarian crown by inheritance. Tension arose when the Hungarian nobility was excluded by the Austrians (revolution of 1848). This was finally resolved by the compromise (1867).
okay but prior to this most of Hungary belonged to the Habsburgs and before that, it was a kingdom. primogenitura, not voting
Love the graphics as much as the narration. Great video
The graphics definitely take a while!
Correction in video at the end, the Empire did not come to fully love Republicanism as it was imposed by the Allies as consequence of the Great War. Interestingly the Magyars, despite having conflicting loyalties with the Austrians, became the most loyal supporters for the restoration of Karl in the 1920s. This failed after threats from the Allies and Yugoslavia that they'll back an invasion of the countries if they dare to restore the Habsburgs.
Instead they got a land locked admiral
Interestingly, France supported Karl, but Horthy exiled him to an island because it would cause a war with the surronding countries. Shortly after Karl died on the island
The Austrian Republic was not imposed by the Allies. The Austrian National Assembly dethroned the Habsburg before any treaty was signed with the Allies.
Most Germans east of the Austrian border, deep into Hungarian territory, were not Austrian. They're the so called "Danube Swabians". They're overwhelmingly South German settlers who sailed down the Danube in pursuit of a better life. Or from another perspective: Colonization efforts by the Austrian monarchy.
excellent point
True
And most of the Sudeten-Germans , especially in the north and west of bohemia werent Austrians either
This is actually anti-European propaganda. Germanic tribes already lived in those regions in antiquity.
But the rest of the countries who don’t belong to Hungaria or Austria? What about them? What about magyarisation?
The Ausgleich was so clearly in the interests of both Hungary & Austria, for without the lands of the Danube having some sort of political affiliation bonding them together, the only alternative was domination by either Germany or Russia. Only the extreme intervention of 2 maritime powers (the British Empire & United States) prevented that from being Hungary's long-lasting fate.
Austria had to do it, I wouldn't say that it was in their interest
@@gachalifeplayer6539 Yes, Austria had to do it, they really had no other option at the time if they wanted to retain their empire, but that also means it was in their interest to do it, even if they did not want to. So, both things are true at the same time.
Generally these ten minute videos say the same thing as every other upload and while i don't expect an in depth breakdowns of imperial governance i found myself enjoying this upload.
You used your ten minutes very well to explain, albeit still an expectedly very basic essay, how the empire worked. You made actual mentions of legislative bodies, agreements and power sharing whereas most videos keep themselves soley centered around the monarch with exceptionally few mentions of other offices.
If anyone has any links to an actual long form presentation on austria-hungarian politics and history id love a share.
I haven't come across anything in depth and i love this period of european political history and yet so many youtubers seem to recycle the same shallow content without any real peek behind the curtains
A. J. P. Taylor has authored a monumental work on the K.u.K. state.
I would recommend reading a book if you want to go in depth
Sadly I think there is more to be said of the Austro-Hungarians than the normal generalisations. Many of the constituent realms sought independence due to their elites opposing Imperial Authority's attempts to reform, if successful those reforms would force the elite to sacrifice their ancient noble rights over serfdom and "Robot" to name a couple. 'Robot' particularly required subjects to work without pay for their landowners 2 -3 days of each week. When Imperial control successfully united institutions between realms it usually eased the abuses but it was always a struggle as the nobles of each realm were on home turf and had a better position to rally opposition to such attempts. Hungary's noble privileges were the most entrenched.
Even this short comment is still just the tip of the iceberg on the context of the Empire. One thing to note is that its institutions were so varied because unlike most other realms (countries), the Hapsburg realm was not gained by conquest but through multiple inheritances. This meant a lot of separate institutions simply came with inheritance where conquerors could just get rid of them or make them bend when they seized new land.
*Pieter M. Judson, The Habsburg Empire: A New History, Belknap Press, 2016:*
(p. 431 - 432)
*Looks at title
"Here's the secret..."
*Whispering "It didn't."
Seems like this video was blessed by the algorithm. I got recommended your channel myself, and now I've been basically watching all your videos! You are very underrated.
Ha, thanks. Yeah, it's going a little crazy!
2:57
In fact the Großdeutsche Lösung as it was invisioned before the German War used the Flag Black-Red-Gold🇩🇪 and it was invisioned more by Austria than Prussia.
The "Kleindeutsche Lösung" excluded Austria and its what at the end happend with Prussia Choosing the Kleindeutsche Flagge Black-White-Red ⬛️⬜️🟥
Austrians rather embrased the Great Austrian Solution
also croatia and hungary were in personal uniom,so kingdom of croatia exsisted since 925 until 1918
To be honest, that is disputed by some historians. Sure, Croatia certainly existed through all that time, however the exact status of Croatia in relation to Hungary is another question. There are proponents of the idea of personal union, however there are just as many saying Croatia was an autonomous part of Hungary.
I agree wit you ..but I will correct you a bit. In 12 centrury Croatian succesion crises and of ciurse war fir the Croatian crown, Croatia and Hungary formed personal union, that lasted from 1102 - 1527. In 1527 Croatian nobles (" parlament" ) recognize Habsburg emperor Ferdinand I as her king , indipendently from Hungary in that period. And that is the oficiall end of persobal union.Habsburg emperors were having separate title as king of Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia (whic is Croatia). And this was thru all the period of Habsburg monarchy. A lot of things happend also bcz of Turkish invasion. Regarding AustianHungarian monarchy ..that is different storry and everything changed and compicated anditt was not a great period between Croatian an Hungarianns unfortunatelly
@@zb496 Croatia's personal union couldn't have ended in 1527, considering the same person was still the King of Hungary and of Croatia.
On another note, Croatia and Slavonia's nobility kept participating in the Hungarian Diet, and the Hungarian governing bodies (chancellery and chamber) were put in charge of the territory of Croatia and Slavonia.
For this reason, I do believe Croatia was part of Hungary itself (as an autonomous region) for the majority of the two countries' shared history.
@@fehervari98 it still kinda exsisted in special staus,but we recognized hadburg at throne and hade bans
@@fehervari98 Then you dont know basic history
Something I learned is that the Austro-Hungarian Empire did not have a official flag. However the de facto flag remained the Habsburg black and yellow, which represented not only the Austrian half of the Empire, but the whole empire as a whole. The popular flag featuring a combination of both Austria and Hungry, was only the official ensign (flag used out at sea). Otherwise Hungry and Croatia had there own flags representing there own parts of the Empire. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_Austria-Hungary
Actually, one of their official flags was the old flag of the Austrian Empire connected to the flag of Hungary, similar to the fake Wikipedia flag that was fabricated. The most used one was just the flag of the Austrian Empire. Most regions probably flew their own flags next to it.
@@GenericUA-camGuy it's not fabricated, but the naval ensign. And the official symbol for the empire was the cojoined coat of arms
@@monolith-zl4qt it being the flag of the empire was fabricated clearly.
Wow literally just one week ago I was looking for a video exactly like this and now… here it is!! Thank you 🙏
Happy to help!
Great video!
I'd really enjoy a video about how and when the various separatist moments inside Austria-Hungary rose to prominence.
When doing a rapid summary it seems that nationalism was the inevitable death of the empire and that every minority wanted to be free, but in actuality some ethnic groups were strongly supportive of the Habsburgs well into WW1.
An example are the italian minorities of Tirol: there were small separatist groups in the main cities, but the vast majority of the population (farmers) couldn't care less about Italy and loved Franz Joseph. De Gasperi, a man who would go on to be the first prime minister of the italian republic and one of the fathers of the EU, was born in Tirol under austrian rule and in 1914 he reportedly said that if the local (romance speaking) population could choose to unite with Italy they wouldn't.
Even today there is a local Habsburg-nostalgic party that get lots of votes (PATT).
My mother used to work in local politics in the 90s, and she remembers that she actually met Otto von Habsburg when he was invited as an honour guest by PATT.
Even today the region is part of a transnational EU region together with austrian Tirol (an area that used to be historical Tirol. It promotes cultural exchanges and collaboration between the regions involved).
The Flag of Austria-hungary is wrong. There was no Flag for it. Each Member used there own one (Gold-Black for Austria. Green White Red for Hungary) The shown Flag was only for merchant ships and other civilian stuff. Never ment to be a flag for the whole thing.
Flags often be like that for some reason. As a society we just take the coolest looking one and say it was the flag for the whole nation. Look at the Confederate flag for example
Discovered this channel today, really liked the presentation 👍 subscribed.
Glad to hear!
Good work!
Such an underrated channel
The April laws were forced through by the Hungarian kingdom while a monarch who suffered as many as 20 seizures a day was being threatened by revolutionaries in Vienna.
It would be like saying the bayonet constitution in Hawaii had legitimacy. There was zero reason for Franz Joseph to keep those laws alive since their legitimacy were dubious at best.
It would however have been amusing to see the new liberal Hungary deal with all those nationalities that wanted their own nation... i suspect liberalism in Hungary would have died off quite fast when Croats and Romanians demanded liberty.
No, died off, when Romanians wants much more rights than other nations. Those, who had extra rights within the austrian empire (no tax, free land for the family etc) no want equality, this is why the Jews, Gypsies, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Armenians and others joined to Hungarians, while Serbs, Croats and Romanians fight against them.
Great, Explanation on how the empire worked.
You, of all people, should know.
The austrians deserve credit for managing to rule over such diverse lands for such a long time. I believe austria should have seen its collapse coming and try to unite with germany, with the peoples of the empire getting independence and german influence.
Yea, they should have just merged their empires into one, it would have made the Germans out number the other minorities greatly and they could have kept Hungary as semi independent and had them deal with said minorities. Something like a Germany-hungry. Problem is that the ruling class didn’t want to give up power to Prussia
The big issue the Empire had was that they didn't control entire nations and large parts of the people were outside of the Empire: part of Germany, part of Poland, part of Croatia, part of Italy, part of Ukraine... The only nations that were fully within the borders were the Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks. These nations represented a constant source of instability.
Cool video! Interesting what if, what if the Hungarian revolution of 1848 was a success? If Russia didn’t send support and the Hungarians gain independence, would Austria have joined Germany and what would happen with ww1?
Austria probably becomes the leader of a unified Germany. Prussian King Frederick William IV, after becoming massively popular thanks to his semi-democratic reforms that stopped an 1848 revolution against his rule, actually turned down the crown of a unified Germany, feeling it was not the Hohenzollerns' place to accept what had belonged to the Habsburgs for centuries (Holy Roman Empire, etc.). Franz Joseph would have become Emperor of Germany, and Germany would have reached power and military strength MUCH larger than in World War I. Needless to say, France, Britain and Russia would have been TERRIFIED and war with this super-Germany would have become inevitable. Bohemia might have been Germanized, but Hungary likely gets the rest of the minorities apart from the Italians. Due to a crafty land exchange or other deal, Italy becomes Germany's ally DECADES earlier, setting up a World War I that looks a lot more like World War II in alliances. Prussia only became the leader of a unified Germany after the results of the Austro-Prussian War in 1866.
damn this is underrated
Mmmmm my favourite country back in the spotlight once more
Thanks! 👍
Great job with the video. I have one question: Do you think the Habsburgs should have drop all of their non-german territories and focus on unifying Austria with the rest of the german states prior to the Pussia-Austria war ?
Yes
Plenty of Austro-Germans would've been fans of that idea, but Franz Josef would've never accepted the humiliation of his dynasty being subjugated to the German emperor.
@@LookBackHistory The funny thing is: Had Central Powers won ww1-his empire would have collapsed wbd his family dynasty being subjugated to the German Emperor anyway.
At the age of nationalist rise it was difficult for a country like Austria-Hungary sustain itself when the leading ethnic group had no identity of its own. Many supporters of a prevailing Austria-Hungary wanted to create Austrianism as a distinct-from-germany-proper national identity. This ofc failed at first, but after ww2 and the allied occupation of Austria, the allies ensured the creation of the Austrian identity to cut any attempt by Germany to re-annex it.
@@gigikontra7023 Personally no. Nationalism itself was an alien concept and while definitely prominent (The Holy Roman Empire was basically a German club.), it was not seen to be the thing. Even the Prussian Kings initially refused the German Crown (Not only because of the gutter.) because they viewed the Habsburgs as their Liege-Lords. I personally think they should have focused on creating a Catholic Empire with the South-Germans (Although that would dramatically change the balance of power in ethnic terms.).
I still remember as a kid the obscenities scribbled by Austro-Hungarian soldiers in the frescoes of Romanian orthodox monasteries in Northern Moldova (aka Bukovina). Just one more reason why Romanians detest imperialism under all its guises.
You can see nice signatures here, destroying centuries old paintings: e.g. Max Klar 1878. While Romania was fighting Ottomans for their independence, the Austro-Hungarian empire was destroying Romanian cultural legacy (link below)
@@gigikontra7023 Bukovina was under the Monarchy, North was Ukrainian and the South Romanian. The army was not exactly nice even to their own subjects in that War so it is not inconceivable but a bit more muddied.
Were they supposed to be happy when Romania declared war in 1916 in an attempt to enlarge themselves at Austro-Hungarian expense?
@@andrepettersson175 umm, the scribbled obscenities are dated. E.g. 1878. Late XIX century.
@@gigikontra7023 interesting, i would love to hear your proof that the soldiers that scribbled anything in Bukovina in 1877 weren't from Bukovina themselves? Or is this where we pretend it must have been an Austrian or Hungarian?
really good
Thanks!
interesting video
Thanks 😀
@@LookBackHistory you're welcome
It didn't. It was just a random thing and i loved it.
Correction 4:50 : 1. Archduchy of Lower Austria 2. Archduchy of Upper Austria
wait, does this mean that Empress Sisi is actually inconsequential to the compromise between the imperial crown and the hungarian rebels?
Very interesting stuff. So, something not bad not good but also something no one knew what to do anything with
Funny how the Russian Empire saved Austro-Hungary only to ultimately be undone by going to war with it in 1914.
In modern Russian history books this is considered as the biggest mistake of the Empire that began its death way. The only reason for this decision was Nicholas I's fear of revolutions, because of the Decembrist revolt, but the truth is that Russia actually didn't get any benefits from this:
1) The salvation of Austria-Hungary contravented Russia's Panslavic policies. If the Hungarian revolt had been successful, then other nations of Austria could have begun a revolution against Habsburgs. Especially Russia was interested in the Ruthenic population of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomery which used to have Russophilic thoughts back then.
2) Austria-Hungary didn't support Nicholas I during Crimean war, despite his help
3) And yeah the WWI
The biggest mistake Austria made was abandoning their oldest ally Russia in the crimean war, and isolating themself politically for the rest of the 19th and early 20th century
2:44 I really like how maps of the period make no distinction between Serbs and Croats
Great video. Best graphics I’ve seen!
Austrian/Habsburg Empire lasted for 600 years with all it lows and hights. Thats not a bad run. Many of its, often feudal, institution were just antiquated and needed reforms. What it needed was a less stupid and more progressive monarch with ideas and visions, like Maria Theresia or Joseph II.
Beside abandoning Russia, the Ausgleich 1867 was the biggest mistake of its existance. A more central Gouvernement, which granted federal right to its minorities and regions would have prevented many tribal conflicts and disorganisation.
How did Austria-Hungary work? In short, often barely usually never
Slaves were kept in part through their own use of fiction?
Well that's feudalism and several nations joint in one nation together. It was just complicated but worked out fine.
What powers did the Austrian monarch have, and how much of it was lost over time?
Here here good overview
More precise: there was a united army. But not a united army only. Additionally, Austria and Hungary had their respective own armies.
You confused upper and lower Austria :)
Was not aware, that all the slavic minorities comprised about 50 percent together.
For the map of Cisleithania: Upper Austria and Lower Austria are switched. Upper Austria is the western one, so they should be the other way around.
Yeah you mixed up upper and lower austria but appart from that the video is great
I like the Toys R us font in the thumbnail
How about a video abou the bosnian "model colony" of Austria
Possibly. I've been thinking of potentially doing the Bosnian Crisis (1908).
@@LookBackHistory oh boi this will cause another balkan war in the commentary because mamy Serbs will claim that all Bosnian Muslims were and still are Serbs
Hi , : 4:48 : somehow uper /and lower Austria got mixed up ^^ number 1 and 2 schould be changed .
Nice to see the algorithm finally noticed you. Good
There were never any "Serbo-Croatians". The probable reason for this misunderstanding is that there was a political construct during the communist Yugoslavia times, a country which existed way past the collapse of the A-H empire, that tried to promote a supposed "Serbo-Croatian" language. That in turn was the first step in attempting to annihilate Croatians as a separate culture and language and amalgamating them into Serbdom.
This evil enterprise has survived to this day in many universities and administrations around the world. since the Croatians never knew how to speak up for themselves.
In Sweden, where the academic world are true leftists, the newly, in the 1990-ies, minted Bosnian language was recognized before the Croatian. The naive Swedes believed that the Croatians were "fascists" and that the Serbs were supporters of "unity" and kumbaya. Rather the opposite is true.
There is a flag in this video, blue, white and red, that represents no country or people of the time. This too seems to come from Yugoslavia, which featured those colors, but way later than the A-H empire.
I'm Croatian and while i get where youre trying to come from i see a few flaws here
1. Serbo-Croatian is the same language
And claiming otherwise is the same as claiming Irish is somehow different than English
Sure it sounds a little different and it has some different word usage but
Come on
Its English mate
Now ill agree with you that we're two different people i mean i would rip the skin off anyone thay calls me a Serb to my face just like an Irish man would if someone called him English
2 Im pretty sure he put us in the same category as Serbs in the demographics list because he needed space in the frame to list everyone annnnd also include the map
And if you look carefully enough he even went the extra step to give us a different colour so i ain't really bothered by it.
3. While what you say about serbs behaviour towards us is certainly true its also a gross exaggeration and unnecessarily paints them as universally evil greater serbia obsessed Chetniks and its just as unfair as painting Croats as Fascists and Nazi collaborators who despise everything Serbian
4. we KNOW how to speak for ourselves
And Serbs certainly KNOW from personal experience with us that we KNOW how to speak for ourselves
Tis why we have our own fucking country now after all ffs.
5. The blue white and red flag is an unofficial but still important pan Slavic flag used since the 18 hundreds and has been mainly inspired by the flag of the Russian empire(the only free slavic country at the time)
You know
Like every other slavic flag (bar poland)
It was adopted by Yugoslavia because in their eyes it best represented ALL of the slavic people living in it and its still used to portray Pan-Slavism
Not just the south slavs
@@marin8141 I always had the sense that calling Serbians and Croats (and Bosnians) different peoples is somewhat like calling catholic, greco-catholic and calvinist Hungarians different people, despite they speak the same language and have the same history (except independent Transylvania times which lasted for about 300 years). Honestly it blows my mind how the alphabet wasn't universally switched to latin in the Yugoslav times. I know that the question of a common people is way beyond the point of return, but can you imagine?
As an (albeit naive) American, who loves daily doses of history…. Could a model similar to the austro-hungarian empire possibly work for israel and palestine? It would be tough, i concede, but if it were really hammered out, I believe that a checks and balances system between the two could in theory work.
Thw short answer is that it doesn't
How did it function?
Like the polyglot EU 1.0
It was very diverse and had 15 languages.
Small nationalities banded together courting a greater power to dictate and rule over them.
The "austrianization?" you mentioned is simply called germanization.
I’ll break it down real quick, It didn’t. Deutschland made a huge mistake to not partition the Hapsburg Empire with Italy and Russia after unification.
And let Russia gain huge swathes of eastern Europe and the balkans due to the Absence of the Habsburgs? Then Germany would be even more threatening on Paper to Britain France and more, while having to deal with an even bigger Russia.
😖I cringe hard seeing Austrians in non-Germanic territories while Austria still doesn't have direct sea access! 😖
So... Was Austria-Hungary technically like realms of the Commonwealth today?
More like the bosnian hergezovinan federation of today i think
It was probably kind of cranky until it ate something.
getting ready to play Victoria 3
People seen to often forget that Hungary existed in WW1. They sort of just lump it with Austria.
Well, it very much still was together with Austria until the fall of A-H, at least as far as their foreign policy was concerned
@@user-zz3sn8ky7z they had the same currency. The Austro-Hungarian krone was written on one side in German and on the other side in Hungarian.
There is this saying of the elders of my friend's family from Transilvania (they're romanian-saxon) that they (probably the whole region) would gladly become part of Austria if Hungary gets Székely Land
Let's recall that Romanian president is German (Transylvanian Saxon) and he explains how Transylvanian Germans voted to join Romania in 1918. He also opposes breaking up Romania into "People's Republics", just because a 3% MINORITY in the centre of Romania was instigated by Orban Khan to request this.
@@gigikontra7023 Szekely have this mythical view of Hungary and themselves, even though they trace their roots from Turkic tribes and nowdays, the youngsters either work in Hungary and feel unwelcome or are far more knowledgeable of Romanians not really having an issue with them than their parents cared to know. Is not their fault alone, Ceaușescu had a hand in their isolation at some point...
@@yamataichul yeah, the Romanian Communist Party was full of Szekely and Hungarians. So much for the "isolation" myth. Let's just remember names such as Verestoy Attila, Marko Bela etc. You don't fool me guys... Verestoy, in particular, was one of the richest Romanian MPs, having been a senator for a whopping 28 years (before he died of pulmonary cancer).
@@gigikontra7023 ?? Oh you're that type of individual... The colors on you speak volumes.
@@yamataichul "the colours on me"? What is that supposed to mean? Sadly many Hungarians have problems with foreign languages due to the massive difference between Hungarian and all other languages in the "decadent west".
You missed the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1968.
Greetings from the Republic of Serbian Krajina 🇷🇸☦️🇷🇸
I know this is an old video buuuut
"There were even tariffs between the two" is not actually correct, as a customs union was a major part of the Compromise, and although either half could decide to "opt out" every decade, they never did. The Hungarians were lukewarm about it at first, but very quickly began to massively profit from the lack of internal tariffs.
*Norman Stone, Europe Transformed, 1878-1919, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 1999:*
Falsification of history in a strange way. Austrians didn't tolerate other languages in the army, just the opposite, German was the language in the army and Hungary didn't like it. Of course Romanian was not the language of the army in HUNGARY... The Hungarian nationalism thing is BS. It's totally false. As if Turkish would not be the language of the German army and you would say it's German nationalism.
*Pieter M. Judson, The Habsburg Empire: A New History, Belknap Press, 2016:*
(pp. 431 - 432)
@@timeanagy8495 The only strange thing here is the way you obsessively deny the historical facts&reality. Maybe you should read and find out more about the past, instead of the BS your are spewing here and there... To help you, I just posted some more quotes from Western historians. Enjoy!
@@CborgMega Because Austria and Hungary were different countries. Austria was a multiethnic Empire, with Bosnian, Slovene, Polish, Romanian, Czech and other territories,while Hungary was an old state with some minorities, but it was not an empire. Btw Austrians were often very oppressive, many Hungarians had to speak German for a long time. Not speaking about the oppression of Hungary for centuries. Hungary didn't have policies of linguistic assimilation. Most of the minorities didn't even speak Hungarian at all... It's just BS by some "historians" who believe in the Romanian-Slavic propaganda about the barbarian, mongoloid Hungarians... The main anti-Hungarian historian, Seton-Watson, who was very instrumental in Trianon, was so freaking stupid that he didn't know that spontaneous assimilation exists everywhere, so he thought that the assimilated people were forced to assimilate in Hungary. He believed that many Hungarians were originally Slovaks in Upper Hungary... In fact the number of Hungarians increased mainly with the assimilation of Germans and jws in the cities (more than 1 million jws lived in Hungary).
@@timeanagy8495
*"Hungary was an old state with some minorities"* 🤣🤣🤣
Seriously? When Magyars were less than half of the population before 1900, and after 1900, the increase of the number of Magyar speakers was accomplished only by adding the assimilated Jews and Germans? Well, you could deny it as much as you want, but this is already established knowledge, also admitted by Hungarian historians, not only by the Western ones...
( Tibor Frank, "Nation, National Minorities, and Nationalism in Twentieth-Century Hungary", in Peter F. Sugar (ed.), _Eastern European Nationalism in the Twentieth Century,_ The American University Press, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 222-223)
An important side note about the ethnic statistics of Austria-Hungary, referenced multiple times throughout the video: These statistics were based on censuses that didn't recognize the existence of the Yiddish language, classified as a mere dilect of German (viewed as "bad", or "funny" version of "proper" German). Therefore, some of the "Austrian Germans" were actually Yiddish-speaking Jews, especially in such regions as Eastern Galicia.
Absolutely true.
2:41 50% Slavic 🐸
*49%
The linz program could've been a good idea
It worked like Poland Lithunia union
Gavrilo Princip thought it was way too complicated!
It didn't. Here, saved you 10 minutes
Short answer: barely
Franz-Ferdinand outside with the guns and bombs this time?
As a Croatian, I would certainly be happy with returning to the Empire. As long as we don't answer to the Hungarians :p
Can anyone in the comments from this region comment on Russia’s influence over either country? Just interested!
They seem to be ruled from Moscow, no? That's the general impression. The Hungarian defence minister is shareholder in a machine-building plant in Russia that also supplies the Russian defence industry. What a joke!
Actually Magyar is technically pronounced as "Ma-dj-ar" instead of mag-yar (even though English dictionaries have the pronunciation you used, I like this one better)... look up a Hungarian pronunciation. It isn't that important to the video though, I just noticed it cuz we say it as Ma-dj-ar here in Croatia, though with a much harder "dj" sound than in Hungary
How did it work?
That’s the fun part! *It didn’t*
is it just me or are those two men making at 2:02
"How Did the Austro-Hungarian Empire Actually Work?"
That is the fun part.
It didn't.
For the Magyarisation I think the Slovak flag would be more appropriate than Czechoslovakian/Czech one.
Slovakia only exist after 1993
@@gachibass3639 And Czechoslovakia only after 1918. This flag was not used before as national flag in any movement.
@ At least they already had principality at mid 7th century.
@@gachibass3639
Actually, the first Slovak republic formed in 1939 (though it only lasted for 6 years)
@@boredweeb867 It was only a puppet government not a real state.
So this is more or less what Marjorie Taylor Greene proposed?In her national divorce suggestion. Her suggestion would leave a federal army and that's it pretty much what Austria-Hungary was. Two states with a common army and foreign ministry.
This wasn’t a good video.
It was an amazing video!🎉🎉🎉
You got me for a second there 😆
@@LookBackHistory ikr he had me too.
Btw great explanation.
At 6:58 Croatia shouldn't it have been included as slavs?
Croats are Slavs, but unlike the others they had autonomy in Croatia-Slavonia and so weren't subject to the same Magyarisation pressures.
One More thing. There was way more hungarian than you showed. The map you showed is the hungarian groups now not then.
Economically the late years of the dual monarchy were a success story. But politically the state was disfunctional. The parliament in Budapest was dominated by the aristocracy, and the parliament in Vienna was totally disfunctional due to nationalistic quarrels.(in the western part existed already a general right to vote for every male citizen) I assume, without war the dual monarchy would have dissolved in a loose confederacy. (maybe similar to the british Commonwealth). All together the late years of the dual monarchy were a proof for the general law, that a multinational state can only be run in a dictatorial manner. Any attempt, to introduce democratic ways of government, finished in chaos.
Hi
Hello
👋
@@veersavarkar5857 hi
Hey there 😄
You've got the wrong flag mate. That's the civil ensign.
There was no national Austro-Hungarian flag, only individual flags for the two parts.
In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Serbo-Croats did not exist as one people, but as two separate peoples. if you look at the first census in the empire, you will see that there are only about 12 million Serbs, why are 5 million called Italian-Serbs??? probably because those Serbs were once part of the Venetian Republic.
" you will see that there are only about 12 million Serbs, why are 5 million called Italian-Serbs??? " those census was a shit... "italian serb" =dalmatian, they are annihilated now. But there was Lavonians, also a diffrent ethnic group, Sokaci, Bunjevaci, Bosanaci stb... There was many south slavic nation, but only 2 hate the Hungarians, Serbs and Croats.
serbian propaganda.
Keep foreignness in your country and you grand children can also watch great video how the land was spitted based of ethnic groups and why.
In Hungary was no other ethnic group by the foundation or just very few but the constant war and migration Hungarian population lost the majority status and become the minority.
Then the Eu can not grasp why the Hungarians don't parse multiculturalism.
Funny you say no misinformation, because the flag you have shown is completely wrong, in fact it was only used on certain naval ships
There was no single Austro-Hungarian national flag, which makes the one I used (yes, a naval ensign) the best of not very many options.
@@LookBackHistory agreed
How did it work?
Well...short answer,it didn't
Short answer: Barely.
Function?
It would be cool if Austria 🇦🇹 and Hungary 🇭🇺 United a a nation today just there not a empire I think that would be cool to have Austria Hungary nation