I am binge watching this from a third world country where our education system is literally the second worst worldwide. I have learned English, design, and coding from the internet. and here I am learning about genetics. Thank you Stanford. Thank you UA-cam. and Thank you Dr. Sapolsky.
I like the guy asking "what constitutes being *good* at chutes and ladders?" I'm on the fence as to whether he was a bit thick, or a couple of steps ahead of the class and making a joke, but its funny either way.
@@SineN0mine3 my first thought when he mentioned it at the start was that this game is pure chance, there's no decision making, just dice rolls, so no group can be better at (winning) it. It's all random chance. I'll watch the rest now.
I thought the supposed study was real up until I read your comment and was terribly confused the whole lecture as to why he never disclosed the end result of the study 🤦♀️thanks! Xd
@@Albtraum_TDDC even tho it is random chance with a large enough sample size you can get a result statistically that dosn't matter and that is what the real lesson is which I feel we need more of today than anything else
I'm so happy there are so many Sapolsky videos available. I would love to actually take a class and yet, I feel privileged just to have access to it. It's almost like taking the class.
@@sebytro If you are in California, prof. Sapolski is scheduled to lecture at the Segestrom Center in Costa Mesa (Orange County) on February 17, 2020. But I think that you might get just as much by simply watching videos.
i am an English literature student professor sapolsky and I'm loving the course! it is revolutionizing the way i think about culture and history. more people need to talk about the intersections between biology and culture which together shape our reality.
Love listening to this lecturer. He makes the subject matter accessible to people who are not actually studying in university. Like his understated humor. Thank you for uploading this. ☘️🌲🙂
eliz donovan He's low-key hilarious. My guess is, that he comes up with ludicrous scenarios and improbable conversations while staring at baboons in the wild, and his imagination just runs with it.
Not a science major but a secondary language arts education major here. I absolutely love these lectures and have found myself drawing parallels between the info I have learned in these lectures and my everyday classes. I believe that is a phenomenal indicator of just how effective you are as a teacher. I strive to be as good a lecturer as you at some point in my future career and would like to thank you for making these lectures both free and readily available for the general population instead of hidden behind a paywall like most other universities or educational institutions do.
Regarding his question about recognizing a mother and the differences between vaginal birth and C-sections: my son was a C-section baby and I know that the OB/GYN wiped some vaginal fluid on his face and then placed him near my wife's face and neck immediately. This is one way to remedy the absence of going through the birth canal and being exposed to that type of bonding.
I love these lectures, because they're not just about behavioral biology and related domains, but also about critical thinking. The first 30 minutes of this lecture are something what everobody should learn! Learning is not just memorizing fact, but also thinking about them.
That would be ideal. Perhaps research was done on this : what percentage of viewers/students watch these lecture as a form of entertainment and learn the facts when they study the notes later on and what percentage learn as they go and immediately use the information to analyse their surroundings?
Love how he talks himself into his own questions...beautiful: (In regard to a difference in bonding between vaginal birth vs. cesarean) "I don't know, but that suggests it should be happening...and maybe I should find that out..." Seriously, you can't ask for a better teacher than that!
God I know its so annoying! It doesnt sound like shes even trying to hold it back.. If someone did that at my university everyone would turn around and glare at them! Surely if the lecture was being recorded and uploaded immediately, which it was, the considerate thing to do would be to not attend and watch it in on your own so youre not disrupting everyone else and forever tainting the recording with your constant unrestrained coughing.
LOL, if she's not over it by now, she's in big trouble! But for heavens sake, if someone has a cough, they can't control it, how about a little sympathy? Probably not so nice for her to have that cough, either. How about you pass her a cough drop instead of cvetching?
You know, I bet most Stanford profs aren't this good at lecturing, either. I went to another well known university, and had maybe two or three really fabulous lecturers, and the rest were pretty ordinary. My mom advised me to take courses - at least my electives - from the profs who were supposed to be the best, because they would make the subject matter facinating even if I thought I couldn't care less about it. Interesting idea, that.
So frustrating to not be able to see on the board what he is talking about at the very beginning of this lecture. P.S. I am very appreciative of theses videos!!
I really appreciated that he tryed to explain again the difference between something being inherited and heritable in the beginning. unfortunatly, my cousin had eleven fingers when he was born and got one removed surgically. that confuced me big time ...
A stats class would clear up the heritability issue. Also large sample sizes can generate statistically significant yet numerically insignificant differences. The larger the sample the smaller difference you can detect. No one asked what the confidence interval was.
Yes, Taleb would be having an epileptic fit listening to the way some of these hypotheses are dreamt up, tested and then extrapolated at society level.
lectures are jam packed with information in breadth, on speed 1.5x is great, dont mind watching this at all, every now and then i catch something memorable
"Okay I guess I will smile at the kid now and then and maybe attend a few of his piano lessons but Im not investing any more than that " cracked me up so harddd
Kudos, Dr. Sapolsky! You had me at, "...screwy olfactory system during pregnancy" in prep for scent bonding with the new-born. (Mind Blown!) So many revelations! AND that big reveal about the military being a perfect example of manufactured pseudo-kinship. Can't wait for the next lecture!!
Pandemic or no pandemic the lectures are a treat and everyone needs to make time to listen to them. Not only is an integrated inter-disciplinary approach required to appreciate behavior but the application is relevant to all walks of life too and very much to my profession of marketing. I just finished reading The Gene and this is such a wonderful follow up. Can't wait to finish the lectures and proceed to reading Behave. I have one request though, is there a way we can access the handouts, the link shared to coursehero requires a paid subscription.
Must be why Im getting a headache, these videos are stimulating neurogenesis in my hippocampus :) But OH GOD SPIT WASHING YOUR KIDS FACE BLEHH BAD MEMORIES lol.
I just finished this lecture and understood everything, just like all the lectures before this except the molecular biology ones. Did anyone else struggle with the molecular biology lectures as well, cuz I just skipped those
1-Considering the significance of statistical differences. 2-Recognition of Relatives 30:00. Intrasexual competition in female deer mice, (sperm). Sperm will cluster w/themselves. There is innate recognition of relatives. Cross foster. They can recognize behaviorally it’s relatives. Sibling>half sibling even. Olfactory signatures (eg. urine) and pheromone communication. -Qualitative differences in the urine reflecting genetic makeup. -mechanism for recognizing these differences. The major histocompatability complex. Shared antigenic determinant. This sticks to all cells. Immune System.Don’t attack said cell. Autoimmune diseases think these are invasive. Trypanosome. Schistosome. These are ultimately soluble. Give a unique signature to the pheromones coming off of you. They can tell if this is of a relative. There are gradations of recognition dependent on relatedness. You have a specifically shaped protein receptor. If the protein doesn’t fit exactly, then it’s a relative. Depending on how much and how long the proteins stay in the receptors. Oxytocin,
Thank you, Dr. Sapolsky for this brilliant introductory course. Lecture notes for this course would be very useful. And I am very sorry that the site does not contain explicit references to the research materials mentioned in your lectures.
Boris Shukhman Yale does not have a comments section available with their free courses that are a kind gesture from special environments that most people have no access to. You have no sense of perspective of what gratitude for what Stanford is offering here except to ask more. Ungrateful.
One of the best things about him is he makes these topics relatively easy to understand. I doubt even the English major is lost in the woods here. It’s Stanford after all
The number of fingers is inherited, that's why it's always 5. The variation of this number is always related to environment, which shows heritability is close to zero.
My partner is actually my mom's third cousin, we've been happily coupled for 5 years and going strong. We're thinking about reproducing so I'll get back to you when we get the results LOL
Going to buy Behave once I finished the 25 lectures, and read the Sh*t out of it. It's really interesting and I don't even remember how I got here Thanks YT
Stanford University could do a study of the miriad marriage customs in India. In 1970 I had a class mate who married the daughter of his eldest sister that he grew up with. In his culture, when there is a possibility for such an alliance, the girls parents are obligated to bring a proposal and the boys parents cannot turn it down. Abraham, on the other hand could not knock up his neece, so he knocked up her slave. Then his neece also somehow had a son who became a threat to his son. He was unable to sacrifice his eldest brothers grandson, so he raised his son in hiding. We are referring to. Ismael and Isaac.
We love Dr. Robert Sapolsky's lectures. Does anyone know if the course materials are available anywhere? I could not seem to find anything online at Stanford. This series seems like a valuable resource and should be supported. I also wonder if Dr. Sapolsky continues to offer this class in an updated version and whether we can find the recordings. Another question - why does the UA-cam site have to be so hard to navigate? For example, why are the lectures not maintained in some sort of order?
Interesting thing about the tutoring model to explain IQ differences between firstborn and second-born, is that it’s actually consistent with a number of other findings in the field. For example, having mixed-aptitude classes in gradeschool has actually been shown to slightly increase achievement not only for the low aptitude kids, but also for the high-aptitude kids as well, relative to segregating classes by aptitude (eg. having the brightest kids in their own advanced classes and the glue eaters in a separate, lower level class). It’s thought that this is because it forces the higher aptitude kids to be able to competently answer questions and refute wrong answers from the lower aptitude ones, effectively demonstrating the same “tutoring” impact on IQ and academic achievement.
46:53 It's kinda funny that learning about new neurons being generated in my brain's hippocampus as an adult (contrary to my previous belief of this process stopping in early childhood) perhaps contributed to the creation of said neurons. This makes me strangely happy. Or maybe it isn't so strange.
A question I immediately had about the Chutes and Ladders study: How is it possible to measure or estimate levels of skill in Chutes and Ladders, since the game requires zero skill?
With the taking care of children. Feral house cats will leave the kittens with a "group" and a wet nurse or two while the mom goes out and hunts. So this trait would be on par with the vampire bats/reciprocating behavior? Super loving this class. The professor makes things clear enough so that you know what's going on without needing an undergrad degree in biology. ;)
Interesting study about "if the person spend a lot of time with another person before age of 6, then they will never marry". On average in most countries school begins at age of 7, thus classmates probably have a theoretical chance to marry each other later.
If people have a significantly lower chance of marrying their elementary school classmates than other people from their years the hypothesis isn't that difficult to mentain
@recognizing by smelling (1:12:00) : in trance- therapy i made the repeated experience, that fathers, suffering from an kind of "cold" relationship and a lot of conflicts with their children, often had a very vague feeling, that the child have had a "wrong kind of smelling" ..
Huh, neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb could explain morning sickness a bit. And from there, I suppose this explains my parents being third cousins and getting along despite my mom being batshit crazy.
My favourite part... He used the word "morning" at students. Didn't you see the chutes and ladders article posted this morning? Lolllol the dead silence... priceless
Summary : 1. Inherited vs. heritable traits and epigenetics in behavior genetics Understanding the difference between inherited and heritable traits is crucial in behavior genetics, particularly when examining the role of epigenetics in gene expression. Experimental design and critical evaluation of scientific studies are essential to shed light on the complex relationship between genetics and behavior. 2. Birth order's impact on IQ A large study conducted in Norway showcased the impact of birth order on IQ, revealing that first-borns tend to have higher IQs than their younger siblings. This may be attributed to parental investment, tutoring roles, and family dynamics. Interestingly, the neoteny theory suggests that birth order advantages may reverse in later life. 3. Animal kin recognition mechanisms Animals recognize their kin through a variety of methods, including innate recognition, lock and key mechanisms, and olfactory cues. For example, deer mice have a unique form of sperm competition, and rodents differentiate between siblings and non-siblings even when raised separately. 4. Signature proteins and MHC in immune system and olfactory recognition Signature proteins on cells are essential for the immune system to recognize pathogens, but they also play a part in olfactory recognition in animals. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are detected through pheromones, enabling animals to discriminate relatedness. MHC genetic signatures are even reflected in urine smell, affecting organ transplant success. 5. Hormones and neurons in social bonding and smell recognition The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, along with neurons, play a significant role in social bonding and smell recognition, especially in identifying close relatives. Genetic mutations related to these hormones have been associated with autism. Social interaction fosters adult neurogenesis, and pregnancy can lead to changes in the olfactory system. 6. Recognizing relatives in the animal kingdom Animals use sensory cues like smell, voice, and appearance for recognizing their relatives through innate recognition and imprinting. Olfactory receptors and hormones further sharpen their sensitivity to relatedness. While inbreeding can lead to genetic abnormalities, distant-relative mating provides kin selection advantages. Humans rely on cognitive processes for recognizing relatives. 7. The fusiform cortex's role in human relationships The fusiform cortex, responsible for facial recognition, plays a role in human bonding. Newborns rely on their sense of smell for mother-infant bonding. Sensory-driven factors also contribute to human mate selection, and the concepts of pseudo kinship and pseudo-speciation manipulate human relationships, creating a sense of belonging among non-relatives. For summarized notes of all the lectures, check here : www.wisdominanutshell.academy/tag/human-behavioral-biology-robert-sapolsky/
Trust me, I tried to get over it, but I cannot. I have always had a hard time blocking out noises. I think my father raised me that way. I go nuts when I hear people chewing with their mouth open.
Freethinkerer D I hope you are more mature now, as the noise is one thing but being self-centered enough to need to point it out in a thread where people are focused on learning something is a different environmental heritage of your father.
That hormonal renovation thing is interesting as hell. I've had 5 kids, the first 4 have the same dad, I don't have any memory of how the middle 3 kids smelled at birth, but my firstborn I can't remember clear as though it was happening, the next time I began god awfully attuned to my firstborn was when he started to hit puberty around the age of 10-11. Interestingly though, my 5th baby who was only a half sibling to the other 4 was born around the same time, and he smelled exactly like my 1st did at birth. Whether that's due to just how genetically similar they both were to me over their dads or whether it's because they were both the first child I had with different men I'm interested in, if the female pregnant brain gets a new renovation with each pregnancy to different men or each pregnancy in general I'm also interested in, but the really big curiosity I've got about it is my 5th only lived to be 13.5mths old because he was born with orai1 deficiency/crac channelopathy. One dodgy orai1 gene from his dad, one from me meant he had no functional T or B cells. So now I keep wondering if my first is a carrier of the same mutation I have and #5 had 🤔
I am binge watching this from a third world country where our education system is literally the second worst worldwide. I have learned English, design, and coding from the internet. and here I am learning about genetics.
Thank you Stanford. Thank you UA-cam. and Thank you Dr. Sapolsky.
That's awesome! the internet is amazing.
Yes - internet is a great equalizer. It allows people who did not had opportunity for good education to do self study
California Girl Assuming the ‘environment’ in which you watch it is similar :)
I’m in America and let me tell you -> these lectures are top notch and better than any class I can afford
Could you give me some suggestions on design courses?
Thank you, Stanford, for showing these lectures and for not showing commercials.
I started to google this Chutes and Ladders study while he was talking. I feel like a fool.
This one had fascinating cinematography
I love how he tricked everyone into playing his fake-chutes-and-ladders-study game. Fantastic educator.
I like the guy asking "what constitutes being *good* at chutes and ladders?" I'm on the fence as to whether he was a bit thick, or a couple of steps ahead of the class and making a joke, but its funny either way.
@@SineN0mine3 my first thought when he mentioned it at the start was that this game is pure chance, there's no decision making, just dice rolls, so no group can be better at (winning) it. It's all random chance. I'll watch the rest now.
I thought the supposed study was real up until I read your comment and was terribly confused the whole lecture as to why he never disclosed the end result of the study 🤦♀️thanks! Xd
@@Albtraum_TDDC even tho it is random chance with a large enough sample size you can get a result statistically that dosn't matter and that is what the real lesson is which I feel we need more of today than anything else
@@dylansmith6078 what?
I'm so happy there are so many Sapolsky videos available. I would love to actually take a class and yet, I feel privileged just to have access to it. It's almost like taking the class.
UA-cam is not the waste of time that many think.
Definitely
@@coreycox2345 Time well wasted
I agree with you, Geahk. My only regret is that I don't have the chance to talk to the professor directly. :)
@@sebytro If you are in California, prof. Sapolski is scheduled to lecture at the Segestrom Center in Costa Mesa (Orange County) on February 17, 2020. But I think that you might get just as much by simply watching videos.
I'm more inclined to marvel at natural selection for creating Sapolsky.
Materialists marvel at the creation and its manifestations; supernaturalists marvel at its Source - the Creator.
And the Creator?
Self Created?
Ppp0p00p0lllllll
@@goddessservant6669 you have spoken the truth
LoL what the hell did I type? 🤣
i am an English literature student professor sapolsky and I'm loving the course! it is revolutionizing the way i think about culture and history. more people need to talk about the intersections between biology and culture which together shape our reality.
Yeah, I originally major in Japanese literature and I am enjoying these lectures so far :D
Just remember that people will reject half of what they know just to keep life simple.
Love listening to this lecturer. He makes the subject matter accessible to people who are not actually studying in university. Like his understated humor. Thank you for uploading this. ☘️🌲🙂
eliz donovan He's low-key hilarious. My guess is, that he comes up with ludicrous scenarios and improbable conversations while staring at baboons in the wild, and his imagination just runs with it.
Lies again? Rude education
Now I figured out why these videos are underliked: it's too interesting to listen and even watch that one forgets to look below, I think
genuinely
I am Nepalese and yeah everyone of us took part in the snake and ladder experiment
Well, chute!
I love that the lesson he is trying to impart is to approach even incredibly impressive modern research with scrutiny and skepticism.
I’m so grateful to be able to watch these university-level classes at 17 years old
Great to hear not all 17 year olds are obsessed w/Instagram, Twitter etc....
Kudos my friend..
Not a lot of us are, you’d be suprised
I hope you don't get disappointed. Most profs are not this good.
Me at 14 :D. Im such a nerd :)
@@LuciferaseFire we need nerds at this time of the world desperately
Dr. Sapolsky is By Far the best professor in the world. It's a pleasure listening to him.
This guy is so freaking smart. Like, I can't handle it. So happy I can see this.
@kristal knox Don't be mad just because you can't understand it
@kristal knox Sure, Jan.
@kristal knox you're the dumbass who can't use "you're" properly yet thinks herself smarter than a world renowned expert in his field 😂 😂
@kristal knox Kristal, put down the crystal meth
@kristal knox oh now all of a sudden you're speaking proper English. Look at you Ms. "May I." 😂 😂 😂 😂
That's one beautiful teacher. After years I still find something new.
This guy is a class act. A great teacher.
I don't want to minimize how great it is to have these online, though. Great lectures and kudos to Dr. Sapolsky and Stanford for posting them online!
Not a science major but a secondary language arts education major here. I absolutely love these lectures and have found myself drawing parallels between the info I have learned in these lectures and my everyday classes. I believe that is a phenomenal indicator of just how effective you are as a teacher. I strive to be as good a lecturer as you at some point in my future career and would like to thank you for making these lectures both free and readily available for the general population instead of hidden behind a paywall like most other universities or educational institutions do.
Regarding his question about recognizing a mother and the differences between vaginal birth and C-sections: my son was a C-section baby and I know that the OB/GYN wiped some vaginal fluid on his face and then placed him near my wife's face and neck immediately. This is one way to remedy the absence of going through the birth canal and being exposed to that type of bonding.
So gifted a lecturer. I hope I might one day speak and communicate 1/10th as well. Thank you Professor Sapolsky!
I love these lectures, because they're not just about behavioral biology and related domains, but also about critical thinking. The first 30 minutes of this lecture are something what everobody should learn! Learning is not just memorizing fact, but also thinking about them.
That would be ideal. Perhaps research was done on this : what percentage of viewers/students watch these lecture as a form of entertainment and learn the facts when they study the notes later on and what percentage learn as they go and immediately use the information to analyse their surroundings?
asap
Love how he talks himself into his own questions...beautiful: (In regard to a difference in bonding between vaginal birth vs. cesarean) "I don't know, but that suggests it should be happening...and maybe I should find that out..."
Seriously, you can't ask for a better teacher than that!
It’s 9 years later….do we have an answer?
@@4philipp yup!
These classes are gold
This is actually so interesting and entrataining! So good that they made this available to everyone
Around 11:00 I’m starting to think prof Sapolsky’s coffee that morning was a double-extra-sugar-mega-espresso.
I wish I could go back in time and find out! :)
Because you're dumb..
It's the cameraman's crazy close ups. He's making me dizzy.
@@oasisneko1 only this makes u dizzy?? omg u must have problems..
labas :)
The part with Napal and Belgium study - played smoothly, Mr. Sapolsky!
He is a great lecturer indeed.
I like the speed in which he presents the information.
Yeah, I can no longer watch other profs.
The man is a waterfall of words - great stuff, i miss the classroom
Okay, so the last 5-10 minutes of this lecture are extremely foreshadowing, not just for the class but for the US as a whole. IMO worth waiting for...
love the teachers sarcasm about the nepal belgium 'study'!
I hope the girl with the cough gets over it soon.
Gingerzilla Yeah, I know. I’d be turning around to stare at her more than would be good for me.
God I know its so annoying! It doesnt sound like shes even trying to hold it back.. If someone did that at my university everyone would turn around and glare at them!
Surely if the lecture was being recorded and uploaded immediately, which it was, the considerate thing to do would be to not attend and watch it in on your own so youre not disrupting everyone else and forever tainting the recording with your constant unrestrained coughing.
She needs to lay off the smoking or something.. sheesh
Yeah, if Sapolsky was Trump he would make a big deal about it and shoot the video over again
LOL, if she's not over it by now, she's in big trouble! But for heavens sake, if someone has a cough, they can't control it, how about a little sympathy? Probably not so nice for her to have that cough, either. How about you pass her a cough drop instead of cvetching?
priceless.. wish all my profs would teach like this.. I would learn so much more...
You know, I bet most Stanford profs aren't this good at lecturing, either. I went to another well known university, and had maybe two or three really fabulous lecturers, and the rest were pretty ordinary. My mom advised me to take courses - at least my electives - from the profs who were supposed to be the best, because they would make the subject matter facinating even if I thought I couldn't care less about it. Interesting idea, that.
professor， this is also a english lit grad and I have to say these lectures are amazing!
So frustrating to not be able to see on the board what he is talking about at the very beginning of this lecture. P.S. I am very appreciative of theses videos!!
The differential theory of mind stuff, inter alia, is definitely worthy of refreshing.
"We're not a whole lot fancier than hamsters." ...love it :)
I really appreciated that he tryed to explain again the difference between something being inherited and heritable in the beginning. unfortunatly, my cousin had eleven fingers when he was born and got one removed surgically. that confuced me big time ...
That’s the problem with science, similarity of words with a world of different meaning. Every profession has its own language
A stats class would clear up the heritability issue. Also large sample sizes can generate statistically significant yet numerically insignificant differences. The larger the sample the smaller difference you can detect. No one asked what the confidence interval was.
Yes, Taleb would be having an epileptic fit listening to the way some of these hypotheses are dreamt up, tested and then extrapolated at society level.
Thank you so much for uploading this whole lecture series. So interesting and well taught!
lectures are jam packed with information in breadth, on speed 1.5x is great, dont mind watching this at all, every now and then i catch something memorable
"Okay I guess I will smile at the kid now and then and maybe attend a few of his piano lessons but Im not investing any more than that " cracked me up so harddd
Kudos, Dr. Sapolsky! You had me at, "...screwy olfactory system during pregnancy" in prep for scent bonding with the new-born. (Mind Blown!) So many revelations! AND that big reveal about the military being a perfect example of manufactured pseudo-kinship. Can't wait for the next lecture!!
Pandemic or no pandemic the lectures are a treat and everyone needs to make time to listen to them. Not only is an integrated inter-disciplinary approach required to appreciate behavior but the application is relevant to all walks of life too and very much to my profession of marketing.
I just finished reading The Gene and this is such a wonderful follow up. Can't wait to finish the lectures and proceed to reading Behave.
I have one request though, is there a way we can access the handouts, the link shared to coursehero requires a paid subscription.
It is so cool that those lectures are understandable with a German school education.. (like high school)
Abitur zählt als "freshman classes" also auf uni level.
Must be why Im getting a headache, these videos are stimulating neurogenesis in my hippocampus :)
But OH GOD SPIT WASHING YOUR KIDS FACE BLEHH BAD MEMORIES lol.
I was at Stanford under a pseudonym in 1977 pursuing killers. It screwed me up. I came back in 2011 and had the privilege of this man's insight.
lol, the random panning over the class
Jen B I love it! :D
The class was huge! And packed..... I can see why; this prof is awesome...
I usually recognize my relatives using the so-called "surname approach" - a fancy piece of cognitive reasoning
I just finished this lecture and understood everything, just like all the lectures before this except the molecular biology ones. Did anyone else struggle with the molecular biology lectures as well, cuz I just skipped those
I Consume DMT Molecular biology is kind of my forte, so if you have any specific question, let me know.
watching sapolsky lectures at 8am on a Tuesday. I am officially a nerd but I'm proud of it
Oh my gosh! This is marvelously educative and interesting at once.
1-Considering the significance of statistical differences.
2-Recognition of Relatives 30:00. Intrasexual competition in female deer mice, (sperm). Sperm will cluster w/themselves. There is innate recognition of relatives.
Cross foster. They can recognize behaviorally it’s relatives. Sibling>half sibling even.
Olfactory signatures (eg. urine) and pheromone communication.
-Qualitative differences in the urine reflecting genetic makeup.
-mechanism for recognizing these differences.
The major histocompatability complex. Shared antigenic determinant. This sticks to all cells.
Immune System.Don’t attack said cell.
Autoimmune diseases think these are invasive.
Trypanosome.
Schistosome.
These are ultimately soluble. Give a unique signature to the pheromones coming off of you. They can tell if this is of a relative. There are gradations of recognition dependent on relatedness.
You have a specifically shaped protein receptor.
If the protein doesn’t fit exactly, then it’s a relative. Depending on how much and how long the proteins stay in the receptors.
Oxytocin,
Thank you, Dr. Sapolsky for this brilliant introductory course.
Lecture notes for this course would be very useful. And I am very sorry that the site does not contain explicit references to the research materials mentioned in your lectures.
Boris Shukhman Yale does not have a comments section available with their free courses that are a kind gesture from special environments that most people have no access to. You have no sense of perspective of what gratitude for what Stanford is offering here except to ask more. Ungrateful.
Thank God for creating Sapolsky!
I'm an English major watching for fun and haven't fled yet!
Absolutely loved this one. Very important information here.
That's so much better than Netflix
I do like the "Chutes and Ladders" discussion. The questions are good ones.
Chutes and ladders is a game of chance, how can someone possibly be better at it than someone else? How did none of the students think of this!
One of them did ask "What are the skills required?" to which Prof replied ".......... telekinesis"
Thank you Dr. Sapolsky. Thank you Stanford.
These kids can't all be quick enough to understand this dudes teaching at this pace. Unbelievable......
They get handouts with notes.
One of the best things about him is he makes these topics relatively easy to understand. I doubt even the English major is lost in the woods here. It’s Stanford after all
Maybe you aren't very familiar with how insanely selective Stanford is
Also they have a textbook which they’re supposed to read before class.
The number of fingers is inherited, that's why it's always 5. The variation of this number is always related to environment, which shows heritability is close to zero.
Some word definitions belong on cheat sheets
Actually it is inherited. There are families in Central Nebraska with six fingers passed down from generation to generation.
What a great teacher! Thank you for putting this online!
Who else thought about showing this to their third cousin?
...
No one... ?
....
Maybe I should think of something else entirely then...
humor is the Highest form of understanding.
My partner is actually my mom's third cousin, we've been happily coupled for 5 years and going strong. We're thinking about reproducing so I'll get back to you when we get the results LOL
*update* me and my mom's third cousin (or my third cousin as well? 🤔) have become parents to a beautiful baby girl 😊 she'll be 1 next month ✌️✌️
Wooahhhh!
I sleep with Sapolsky every night.
So only hear the 2st half of lectures & then snuggle while he talks & drift off.
This guy is a legend
Going to buy Behave once I finished the 25 lectures, and read the Sh*t out of it. It's really interesting and I don't even remember how I got here Thanks YT
I love the little wandering camera
Stanford University could do a study of the miriad marriage customs in India. In 1970 I had a class mate who married the daughter of his eldest sister that he grew up with. In his culture, when there is a possibility for such an alliance, the girls parents are obligated to bring a proposal and the boys parents cannot turn it down. Abraham, on the other hand could not knock up his neece, so he knocked up her slave. Then his neece also somehow had a son who became a threat to his son. He was unable to sacrifice his eldest brothers grandson, so he raised his son in hiding. We are referring to. Ismael and Isaac.
We love Dr. Robert Sapolsky's lectures. Does anyone know if the course materials are available anywhere? I could not seem to find anything online at Stanford. This series seems like a valuable resource and should be supported. I also wonder if Dr. Sapolsky continues to offer this class in an updated version and whether we can find the recordings. Another question - why does the UA-cam site have to be so hard to navigate? For example, why are the lectures not maintained in some sort of order?
5 minute break at 55:00
Interesting thing about the tutoring model to explain IQ differences between firstborn and second-born, is that it’s actually consistent with a number of other findings in the field. For example, having mixed-aptitude classes in gradeschool has actually been shown to slightly increase achievement not only for the low aptitude kids, but also for the high-aptitude kids as well, relative to segregating classes by aptitude (eg. having the brightest kids in their own advanced classes and the glue eaters in a separate, lower level class). It’s thought that this is because it forces the higher aptitude kids to be able to competently answer questions and refute wrong answers from the lower aptitude ones, effectively demonstrating the same “tutoring” impact on IQ and academic achievement.
this is a very interesting additional detail, thank you!
Can't believe the plant IQ joke didn't get a laugh, he tried that one a few times
These days you'd probably have a couple of students try to replicate the findings...
Me: watching so I can hear the joke. He is so brilliant and his jokes are the best.
I laughed every time he used it
46:53
It's kinda funny that learning about new neurons being generated in my brain's hippocampus as an adult (contrary to my previous belief of this process stopping in early childhood) perhaps contributed to the creation of said neurons. This makes me strangely happy. Or maybe it isn't so strange.
A question I immediately had about the Chutes and Ladders study: How is it possible to measure or estimate levels of skill in Chutes and Ladders, since the game requires zero skill?
Ah. Telekinesis.
Why cant we watch the introductory lectures :C
With the taking care of children. Feral house cats will leave the kittens with a "group" and a wet nurse or two while the mom goes out and hunts.
So this trait would be on par with the vampire bats/reciprocating behavior?
Super loving this class. The professor makes things clear enough so that you know what's going on without needing an undergrad degree in biology. ;)
10 years ago this man would have passed the wave check... Straight swimming 🏄♂️
My pregnancy smells /food needs and aversions explained finally.
Interesting study about "if the person spend a lot of time with another person before age of 6, then they will never marry". On average in most countries school begins at age of 7, thus classmates probably have a theoretical chance to marry each other later.
If people have a significantly lower chance of marrying their elementary school classmates than other people from their years the hypothesis isn't that difficult to mentain
I never even noticed that sound til I read your comment. Now it's like a jackhammer in a culvert. Damn you!
Haha Robert the comedian in this lecture. He actually is really funny
I just learned a new fact that learning new facts stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus so .... I just got a few neurons out of this.
We love you Robert, thank you for your videos!!! ☺️
This has to be the sexiest professor who is not my type in the world.
Love his sense of humour
This dude is awesome.
@recognizing by smelling (1:12:00) : in trance- therapy i made the repeated experience, that fathers, suffering from an kind of "cold" relationship and a lot of conflicts with their children, often had a very vague feeling, that the child have had a "wrong kind of smelling" ..
In about three quarters of an hour we have just seamlessly arrived to sweet home alabama
Sapolsky is awesome. I'm serious.
Always.
Couldn't get into Stanford Jokes on them! HA! Or is it?? ;) lol!! Thank you UA-cam/those responsible for the loading of the mind blowing videos.
Huh, neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb could explain morning sickness a bit.
And from there, I suppose this explains my parents being third cousins and getting along despite my mom being batshit crazy.
My favourite part... He used the word "morning" at students. Didn't you see the chutes and ladders article posted this morning? Lolllol the dead silence... priceless
Summary :
1. Inherited vs. heritable traits and epigenetics in behavior genetics
Understanding the difference between inherited and heritable traits is crucial in behavior genetics, particularly when examining the role of epigenetics in gene expression. Experimental design and critical evaluation of scientific studies are essential to shed light on the complex relationship between genetics and behavior.
2. Birth order's impact on IQ
A large study conducted in Norway showcased the impact of birth order on IQ, revealing that first-borns tend to have higher IQs than their younger siblings. This may be attributed to parental investment, tutoring roles, and family dynamics. Interestingly, the neoteny theory suggests that birth order advantages may reverse in later life.
3. Animal kin recognition mechanisms
Animals recognize their kin through a variety of methods, including innate recognition, lock and key mechanisms, and olfactory cues. For example, deer mice have a unique form of sperm competition, and rodents differentiate between siblings and non-siblings even when raised separately.
4. Signature proteins and MHC in immune system and olfactory recognition
Signature proteins on cells are essential for the immune system to recognize pathogens, but they also play a part in olfactory recognition in animals. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are detected through pheromones, enabling animals to discriminate relatedness. MHC genetic signatures are even reflected in urine smell, affecting organ transplant success.
5. Hormones and neurons in social bonding and smell recognition
The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, along with neurons, play a significant role in social bonding and smell recognition, especially in identifying close relatives. Genetic mutations related to these hormones have been associated with autism. Social interaction fosters adult neurogenesis, and pregnancy can lead to changes in the olfactory system.
6. Recognizing relatives in the animal kingdom
Animals use sensory cues like smell, voice, and appearance for recognizing their relatives through innate recognition and imprinting. Olfactory receptors and hormones further sharpen their sensitivity to relatedness. While inbreeding can lead to genetic abnormalities, distant-relative mating provides kin selection advantages. Humans rely on cognitive processes for recognizing relatives.
7. The fusiform cortex's role in human relationships
The fusiform cortex, responsible for facial recognition, plays a role in human bonding. Newborns rely on their sense of smell for mother-infant bonding. Sensory-driven factors also contribute to human mate selection, and the concepts of pseudo kinship and pseudo-speciation manipulate human relationships, creating a sense of belonging among non-relatives.
For summarized notes of all the lectures, check here : www.wisdominanutshell.academy/tag/human-behavioral-biology-robert-sapolsky/
I had no idea how large this class was, and how many people would have apple laptops.
I say that the chutes and ladders "Are you impressed yet?" moment, should be a science-stand-up for Netflix or something... so funny 😅😂
The comments decrease with each lecture 🤣🤣🤣. I would go through all these lectures is a resolve.
Trust me, I tried to get over it, but I cannot. I have always had a hard time blocking out noises. I think my father raised me that way. I go nuts when I hear people chewing with their mouth open.
Freethinkerer D I hope you are more mature now, as the noise is one thing but being self-centered enough to need to point it out in a thread where people are focused on learning something is a different environmental heritage of your father.
That hormonal renovation thing is interesting as hell. I've had 5 kids, the first 4 have the same dad, I don't have any memory of how the middle 3 kids smelled at birth, but my firstborn I can't remember clear as though it was happening, the next time I began god awfully attuned to my firstborn was when he started to hit puberty around the age of 10-11. Interestingly though, my 5th baby who was only a half sibling to the other 4 was born around the same time, and he smelled exactly like my 1st did at birth. Whether that's due to just how genetically similar they both were to me over their dads or whether it's because they were both the first child I had with different men I'm interested in, if the female pregnant brain gets a new renovation with each pregnancy to different men or each pregnancy in general I'm also interested in, but the really big curiosity I've got about it is my 5th only lived to be 13.5mths old because he was born with orai1 deficiency/crac channelopathy. One dodgy orai1 gene from his dad, one from me meant he had no functional T or B cells. So now I keep wondering if my first is a carrier of the same mutation I have and #5 had 🤔