Great video but it has two minor errors that might throw people off. @7:30 The transverse vector decays much more quickly than the longitudinal vector is restored and so the transverse vector decay is effectively independent of the longitudinal relaxation. @8:22 To convert from the k-space (frequency domain) to the spatial domain you take the inverse Fourier transform, not the Fourier transform. Keep up the good work :)
this video is totally helpful for those who took the course and had difficulties but if a person has no idea about MRI before this will seem very complicated
Lightbox Radiology Education It should be noted that it is an inverse Fourier transform that is applied (since you're moving from a frequency to a spatial domain).
is it a shame that i only learn fourier series in my mechanical engineering course or is it always linked together (ie fourier series with fourier transform)
I took a 4th year physics course that discussed how MRI works. I was surprised how complicated it really is. Even K-Space is complicated, you could take a 16 week course on just K-Space.
maybe if you're very low IQ? K space is just spatial frequency space. It just so happens it's the domain in which the signal is sampled. How is that complicated?
Very informative. Got a bit lost in how the XYZ value of a point in space, in the body part, correlates with the X magnet, Y magnet and Z magnet values.
I'll start MRI school at Casa Loma in October. I'm hoping to know pretty much all of the anatomy and physics by then. Hopefully this is what they cover.
Thank you. It's just fascinating how the transverse magnetization and relaxation is actually being received in radio frequency. I suppose that proves that the mouth is not the only thing we communicate with. I could be wrong
Where you wrote Fourier Transform it’s actually where you perform an inverse Fourier Transform, as you first Fourier Transform the digital signal (and you are in k-space), and then you do an inverse FT of the digitalised signal in order to visualise the image
one of the powerful/non destructive non evasive tool for perfect analysis.the Super-con magnet developed for low consumption of lq. helium is a boon to the user.A small version only for orthopedic investigation @ low field designed for arm/leg would be an advantage.
I am still starting to Learn about MRI but the physics is very hard to understand, so if there is any courses to help me through this please drop a link, also thanks for this amazing video ✨
Actually, the use of the term "randomly" when talking about the alignment of hydrogen in water. In water, the hydrogen atoms tend to bias toward one side of the oxygen (108 degree angles, not 180). It is the spin of the proton that gives it a magnetic field, positive at one end, negative at the other. The oxygen bonds with the hydrogen by pulling away its one electron- and that means that the outer shell of the oxygen is now a negative charge (electrons are negative). At the hydrogen end, where the lonely positive hydrogen protons are both repelling each other, but still held to the oxygen(hence, again, 108 degree angles) The protons in the hydrogens now lack their electrons most of the time, and the positively charged proton give this side a positive charge. So the water molecule now has a positive pole and a negative pole (the reason water is called "polar"). So two neighboring water molecules tend to want to align with each other, positive pole to the other's negative. This can point the water in pure samples into a matrix where most of the water molecules face one direction, and the magnetic poles in the molecules proton wants to align in that matrix (Sometimes that amount of alignment is reduced by other molecules and their charges, as with nitrogen atoms in amino acids- which are in proteins). All this dynamic now performs when placed in a magnetic field and protons are struck with radio waves at their resonant frequency.. So my reason for all this is to make sure we understand the lesser but important role of the electron in all this, since the diagram seems to not be thorough enough in this area.
There is a lot of Simultaneous discoveries throughout history It kind of strange take the invention of the radio I pretty breathe taking advancement. The technology that made this discovery possible was available since Maxwell's equations came about but yet it was discovered Simultaneously in Italy and north America almost at the same moment It's just a head scratcher
MRI was NOT discovered in 1947- MRI is magnetic resonance imaging, and the picture is Ralph Damadian, who developed the first practical scanner (Indomitable) and scanner his first volunteer (chose a chest to scan, which was ambitious since there were fleshier body parts that would have worked better) in July 1977. MRI is an offshoot of nuclear magnetic resonance, which was discovered in 1947; radar had been developed seven years earlier, but it was noticed that on occasion there were delayed signals received from animals. The effect was understood and the NMR machine (analyzing samples in test tubes) was developed shortly after. Using NMR effect for imaging was considered for decades, but until Damadian discovered that water molecules in tissues often aligned using magnetism and that a combination of gradient fields and radio pulses can display the constitution of tissues; and by understanding that tissue constitution changes in that water alignment, hence, a disease detector. So, NMR in 1947, MRI 1977
As a safety measures for people fear death, do not scan the brain and had the brain outside of the scan area then design so that the synchronized field top down or bottom up and spin around as the recorder of the response of body then in case of burial start the shape of the wave in sine wave and shooting emission of beta at same result in side way in to extract energy and matter small amount at a time until entire body convert into energy light. In the MRI used as treatment and diagnostic is the same first part is matching natural body internal energy motion then slowly down and recorded emit energy then speed up and recorded response and detect anomaly in responded reaction to indicate the illnesses and focus on adjust it back to normal until all response according to organ functional standard of most normal healthiest state that recorded on file for each person under 30 years old and this is forever life is achieved
I can't understand the difference between H2O and fat on their T1 and T2. Actually, from many references, T2 of Free molecules (in solution) is larger than those attached (near the solute surface), but none gives an exact reason.
the hydrogen atoms do not align parallel or anti parallel. They exist in a superposition of the two possible eigenstates (parallel / anti parallel). Virtually none of them are actually in this eigenstate though
this 8 minute is greater than the whole semester lecture
When pink floyd said "we dont need no education" everyone thought they were craizy.
soo true haha.. biomedical engineering student here
Yap bro vryy true
😂 True💯 preparing for tomorrow's viva
@@PasanJayaweeraYashoda can u help to find out any ideal book or lectures,, you tube channel for detail study
Great video but it has two minor errors that might throw people off.
@7:30 The transverse vector decays much more quickly than the longitudinal vector is restored and so the transverse vector decay is effectively independent of the longitudinal relaxation.
@8:22 To convert from the k-space (frequency domain) to the spatial domain you take the inverse Fourier transform, not the Fourier transform.
Keep up the good work :)
Definitely the best explanation video I've seen on youtube.
this video is totally helpful for those who took the course and had difficulties but if a person has no idea about MRI before this will seem very complicated
yeah im going to have to watch this a few times! but a very imformative video.
still seems like magic
Danny Kendra hi
Keep coming back to this to learn MRI physics. Superb!
Thanks. Excellent explanation on the basis of NMR imaging. Lucid and very helpful.
Thanx
This is a very well done introduction to MRI. Only eight minutes long too. It doesn't waste my time with rambling nonsense.
Wow, since I learned about fourier transformations I keep seeing it everywhere.
It is impossible to escape Fourier transformations.
Lightbox Radiology Education It should be noted that it is an inverse Fourier transform that is applied (since you're moving from a frequency to a spatial domain).
is it a shame that i only learn fourier series in my mechanical engineering course or is it always linked together (ie fourier series with fourier transform)
Freak I am so jealous of you dude
Have not learned about that yet in my radiology course I'll look into it might help me be ahead in future courses. Thanks
Thanks ...I was reading whole day ..and 8 min saved me..Thanks from India 🙏🏻
Understood this better since i've been thru MRI Physics class.
Great explanation sincerely. The only thing you could have emphasised more was how the image formations changes among T1 and T2 sequences.
Student radiographer and on placement and this was what I needed. Thanks sir.
One of the best intro videos I have seen :D (y)
Thank you Lightbox Radiology Education! I am taking an Intro to fMRI class this semester and this video is really helpful!
I took a 4th year physics course that discussed how MRI works. I was surprised how complicated it really is. Even K-Space is complicated, you could take a 16 week course on just K-Space.
maybe if you're very low IQ? K space is just spatial frequency space. It just so happens it's the domain in which the signal is sampled. How is that complicated?
Yoyo you read and copy out of books very well! Hope your proud of your little ego self!
Great video. Cleared a lot of confusion. Thanks!
Perfect for medical students, thank you!
Thank you very much for the Video. It Helps me a lot.
Well Explained.
Great introductory video! Thank you!
You sir have been of great help to me. I thank you wholeheartedly.
Awesome job!! Very clear and concise, thank you for uploading this video!!
This was such a great video, a concept that was so hard to understand got completely understood. Thank you!
This is a great video. It's actually helped me out a lot writing a short essay on MRI scan for a master course.
Thank you so for the elaborate explanation
Very informative. Got a bit lost in how the XYZ value of a point in space, in the body part, correlates with the X magnet, Y magnet and Z magnet values.
I'll start MRI school at Casa Loma in October. I'm hoping to know pretty much all of the anatomy and physics by then. Hopefully this is what they cover.
I repeated this video 3 times , how much is informative
Excellent video for 8 mts whole MRI study pls update all videos sir tnq u so much .
Best review and easy to understand breakdown of MRI physics.
Thanks. Excellent that video is informative.
This is best video i seen on youtube on this topic. its really clear my concepts..thanks a lot. Dr M A Qureshi.
thank you so much, this video helped me a lot understanding what´s happening during pulsed NMR experiment
Well done end-to-end explanation!
Great help before the exam!!!!
a good video oh ma gosh, i finally understood T1 and t2 hooray!
Very good explanation! Using the info from this for a biopsychology presentation.
Need to do a prensentation about contrast agents in MRI. Video helped a lot as a basic overview. Thanks
Excellent video, helped massively with my assignment on medical physics.
The video is so good
Well explained
Amazing, enjoyed watching:) thanks a lot!
an absolute outstanding job!
Great video, simple n easy to understand 👍
Thankyou for this video on Introduction to MRI Physics-Alexis Kironde
In 8 min!!! Awsome thanks.
Thanks a lot, this is the best Video for learning MRI Physics!! :)
You saved my life, THANK YOU
wow wow great contribution
Excellent!
Wow its great. Real engineering.
Very well explained, thanks 🙏
This was really helpful. Thank you!
Best lecture ever 🤟🤟
Very well done.
Thank you. It's just fascinating how the transverse magnetization and relaxation is actually being received in radio frequency. I suppose that proves that the mouth is not the only thing we communicate with. I could be wrong
Amazing ♥️♥️. I wish I could find videos with more detail on T1 and T2.
very informative, thank you for the video.
Great video!
Thank you very much very helpful.
awesome video, helped a lot .
thx
Great leacture
Great explaination
I think at the end it is to do inverse-Fourier Transformation to get the image in time domain.
Thank you... It helped so much... 😊
Where you wrote Fourier Transform it’s actually where you perform an inverse Fourier Transform, as you first Fourier Transform the digital signal (and you are in k-space), and then you do an inverse FT of the digitalised signal in order to visualise the image
Great video, it helped a lot! Thank you :-)
Easily the coolest part of physics
Great vedio. Could you do more vedio on MRI physics
one of the powerful/non destructive non evasive tool for perfect analysis.the Super-con magnet developed for low consumption of lq. helium is a boon to the user.A small version only for orthopedic investigation @ low field designed for arm/leg would be an advantage.
A small orthopedic unit was available 20 years ago. No more.
I think GE makes them
Great job dude.
VERY HELPFUL, THANX A LOT
So basically, MRI show tissue in fluid, correct?? And when you see a metastases, that’s fluid buildup.
Perfectly elaborated
I am still starting to Learn about MRI but the physics is very hard to understand, so if there is any courses to help me through this please drop a link, also thanks for this amazing video ✨
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES IS AN IMPORTANT ALL OVER THE WORLD CHOOCE THE SWUITABLE ONE
I am trying to start the MRI program at a private school and wanted to watch this to see what I am up against. I guess it’s doable
Very educational for a novice
YOU ARE ALWAYS LOVING-ALEXIS KIRONDE
My Forever Passion is to ALWAYS BE LOVING-ALEXIS KIRONDE
Well done!
Actually, the use of the term "randomly" when talking about the alignment of hydrogen in water. In water, the hydrogen atoms tend to bias toward one side of the oxygen (108 degree angles, not 180). It is the spin of the proton that gives it a magnetic field, positive at one end, negative at the other. The oxygen bonds with the hydrogen by pulling away its one electron- and that means that the outer shell of the oxygen is now a negative charge (electrons are negative). At the hydrogen end, where the lonely positive hydrogen protons are both repelling each other, but still held to the oxygen(hence, again, 108 degree angles) The protons in the hydrogens now lack their electrons most of the time, and the positively charged proton give this side a positive charge. So the water molecule now has a positive pole and a negative pole (the reason water is called "polar").
So two neighboring water molecules tend to want to align with each other, positive pole to the other's negative. This can point the water in pure samples into a matrix where most of the water molecules face one direction, and the magnetic poles in the molecules proton wants to align in that matrix (Sometimes that amount of alignment is reduced by other molecules and their charges, as with nitrogen atoms in amino acids- which are in proteins). All this dynamic now performs when placed in a magnetic field and protons are struck with radio waves at their resonant frequency..
So my reason for all this is to make sure we understand the lesser but important role of the electron in all this, since the diagram seems to not be thorough enough in this area.
very useful, thanks a lot,/
If only I came across this video sooner...
There is a lot of Simultaneous discoveries throughout history
It kind of strange take the invention of the radio I pretty breathe taking advancement. The technology that made this discovery possible was available since Maxwell's equations came about but yet it was discovered Simultaneously in Italy and north America almost at the same moment
It's just a head scratcher
Awesome🙏🙏🙏
Thanks bro❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
That's really awesome, But I have a question, Why we use 90degree pulse for RF? and how is it work?
I have concern. My proof said that that x gradient coil is for coronal and y gradient coil is for sagittal.
excellent!
MRI was NOT discovered in 1947- MRI is magnetic resonance imaging, and the picture is Ralph Damadian, who developed the first practical scanner (Indomitable) and scanner his first volunteer (chose a chest to scan, which was ambitious since there were fleshier body parts that would have worked better) in July 1977.
MRI is an offshoot of nuclear magnetic resonance, which was discovered in 1947; radar had been developed seven years earlier, but it was noticed that on occasion there were delayed signals received from animals. The effect was understood and the NMR machine (analyzing samples in test tubes) was developed shortly after.
Using NMR effect for imaging was considered for decades, but until Damadian discovered that water molecules in tissues often aligned using magnetism and that a combination of gradient fields and radio pulses can display the constitution of tissues; and by understanding that tissue constitution changes in that water alignment, hence, a disease detector. So, NMR in 1947, MRI 1977
As a safety measures for people fear death, do not scan the brain and had the brain outside of the scan area then design so that the synchronized field top down or bottom up and spin around as the recorder of the response of body then in case of burial start the shape of the wave in sine wave and shooting emission of beta at same result in side way in to extract energy and matter small amount at a time until entire body convert into energy light. In the MRI used as treatment and diagnostic is the same first part is matching natural body internal energy motion then slowly down and recorded emit energy then speed up and recorded response and detect anomaly in responded reaction to indicate the illnesses and focus on adjust it back to normal until all response according to organ functional standard of most normal healthiest state that recorded on file for each person under 30 years old and this is forever life is achieved
Very helpful
I can't understand the difference between H2O and fat on their T1 and T2. Actually, from many references, T2 of Free molecules (in solution) is larger than those attached (near the solute surface), but none gives an exact reason.
thank you!
wonderful
the hydrogen atoms do not align parallel or anti parallel. They exist in a superposition of the two possible eigenstates (parallel / anti parallel). Virtually none of them are actually in this eigenstate though
Exactly, spin is a quantum state and not a physical observable quantity.
thanks a lot
thank you
lifesaver