Nobel Prize in Physics 2023: What Are Attosecond Lasers Good For?
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- Опубліковано 6 чер 2024
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Today we talk about the Nobel Prize in physics, yet another superconductor retraction, whether Integrated Information theory is pseudoscience, why antimatter doesn’t anti-gravitate, sand that flows uphill which I swear has nothing to do with antigravity, the world’s most powerful X-ray laser, how life could come about on other planets, why we might go extinct sooner than expected, and of course, the telephone will ring.
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00:00 Intro
00:37 The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics
02:53 Yet Another Superconductor Retraction
05:58 Is Integrated Information Theory Pseudoscience?
08:38 CERN Confirms that Antimatter Doesn’t Anti-gravitate
10:44 Operations Start at the world’s Most Powerful X-ray Laser
12:34 Sand That Flows Uphill
13:41 Life Could Come About in Many Different Ways
14:51 We Might Go Extinct Sooner Than Expected
16:07 Make More Sense of Headlines with Ground News
#science #sciencenews #quizwithit - Наука та технологія
This video comes with a quiz that will help you remember what we talked about: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1696220607102x316404632715457700
We fixed the email signup issues!
In retrospect rhetrospect it self violates entropy so many possibilities leading to one
Joooo check this out. I’m about to put the whole game up side down. Half an attosecond. Where’s my fking price.
This could have a table positions, against time, lol. I dont know what would be the point, but it would be cool. Im gonna take a look, maybe it already has that 😅
The winner? could ask a question next video about latest week news in the next video, that would be a nice prize, because they would be questions probably made by people who knows what they are asking (I guess?)
nice quiz! unfortunately, i cannot see which answers were wrong and which were right
14/16. You still need to sign-up in order to see the results 🥲, I couldn't create an account again this time to see what went wrong, because the website seems buggy, when I click to resend confirmation e-mail it says that they cannot send them because they exceeded some rate and gives programming info...
I’m in Anne L’Huillier’s class. She is a really great lecturer who did not cancel the lecture even when the Nobel committee called her.
I just subscribed to your channel despite the fact that there is no content. I would welcome some.
So lovely ❤️
@@BigZebraComeh? Was that a dig or something else?
> who did not cancel the lecture even when the Nobel committee called her.
absolutely based
That’s so nobel of her!
Anne L'Huillier was my master thesis supervisor and she is such an incredibly humble person. When she taught us about attosecond physics in class she never even mentioned her own role in the subject's development. Seemingly her only interest was teaching it to us.
Her humble nature really come across when she said on the phone she say she is out of words because she was so excited.. 😊
To bad for those so called noble prize Winners.... hahahaha .... they did not present any registration of electrons observed. Only words and graphical simulations... plus you can’t pretend or insinuate to have violated the Heinsberg principle of indeterminacy with zero empirical material evidence.
I wonder what the hell is the motivation behind this prize.
I rule anyone with more than 2 numbers in account name a bot.
@@razgvozd I didn't use to have the numbers but some weird shit happened and now it's like this.
That’s super awesome!! 🎉👏
2:41 "I love it, when the Nobel prize in physics is awarded, because everyone is like 'whooo, physics!', which is how I feel the whole year."
Yes, wonderful!
"It might even get people interested in physics - for about an attosecond."
Well urgh, yeah. That's probably true.
😂
Also made me giggle😂
For a series of reasons that are beside the point at the moment, I spent a few months without being able to watch your videos on UA-cam. But today I started again and I must say that it brought me great joy to hear you onde more. You look more splendid than ever and your selection of themes is unbeatable. And I love it when the phone rings. Thank you very much for your excellent and instructive work, dear Sabine. Greetings from me and my family from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 👍🏻💜🖖🏼🌸
I am certain I heard: "Sand flows downhill when it is bored", which would be an even more fascinating finding (tying into IIT),
Just found your news segments. Awesome content! Thank you
Great idea to have a quiz to validate what we learn from your videos. Thanks again 🙏🏻
Even 40 years ago, a lot of scientist who studied the matter seriously did not think life would make it past 900 million years from now due to the brightening sun and carbon cycles.
Complexe life will not, but bacterial life should last longer
Thanks a lot, the news are always interesting❤
I like the the creative weight imbued within the order chosen for the tetradic complimentary colour scheme of Sabines buttons and the way they contrasts with the blue of her blouse. . .
. . .
Vielen Dank Sabine, wie jedesmal erstklassig und unterhaltsam !!!
Reiner, purer Genuss !!
Thanks very much for this video. It is great to keep up with amazing breakthroughs and prizes in a field in which one is not doing research (anymore).
Thank you again sabine, glad you're back
I really enjoy that group of scientists that were hypothesizing about Auto Catalytic reactions. That's such a good way to approach thinking about life 🧬 *the mechanical uses of that nobel prize sounds so useful and i can't wait to see what benefits it might bring.
Your sense of humor is absolutely amazing. Awesome content!
Love the quiz. It's a great idea!
interesting times fs. One of my professors is extremely interested in ultrafast dynamics, especially AOS. I worked with him over the summer studying HHG in Mn2RuGa computationally using DFT + dynamics. It was interesting research and he wanted to hire me on to keep working for him over the summer but there isn't enough funding. I also was supposed to attend the APS meeting in march and submit an abstract for my work, but they could not afford to send me and I can't afford to go. Regardless, I'm really interested in this topic and looking forward to doing more research
EDIT: Not sure what changed, but they are paying for my travel expenses. So, I'm going to my first APS meeting in March. Super excited and nervous! Wish me luck
Thanks for all the news, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Wow! Such a great channel. Glad I found it.
I had no idea the quiz exested. That's awesome way to test what I remember from the video🔥
7,20-8,16 Bravo Sabine. The most exquisite example of accurate interpretation and correct definition (naming), of reality and events..
2:44 🎉 "Whooo Physics!!!" ♥ Sabine 🤗 happy 1million subs
I'd like to see someone make anticobalt-60 and see if the asymmetry of its decay is the same as cobalt-60's or the opposite.
probably, but interesting
Co-60 is a bit of a tall order, but you'd think H-3 might be possible?
@@zbret antimatter versions of He3, tritium, and a small handful of He4 nuclei have been observe in LHC collisions. But each additional proton/neutron adds a factor of roughly 1/1000 to the production rate. So if CERN was delivering tritium nuclei instead of antiprotons to the antimatter experiments, the beam would have about a million times fewer particles (10 instead of 10 million per minute) and it would take a million times longer to collect the same statistics.
“Just for context, that’s really short!”
I just adore Sabine!
Always a joy. Thank you very much 😊
Hello, thanks for the news! I have been always fascinated by the Chemoton theory as a speculative model for the abiogenesis of life on Earth. Does this new "database" of autocatalytic reactions include it as a subset? I cannot find the reference to the paper in your video description!
Though I understand very little due to my lack of education, I simply love this channel, thanks for your great work.
This channel is our education.
Some teachers worry that they are hammering on cold iron. Sometimes education amounts to staring out the window from a classroom and wishing you were having fun outdoors.
You can read papers
@@Q_QQ_Q
Yes I can read but to comprehend what I am reading is another matter. Perhaps when I have less responsibilities I can find the time and start from the beginning.
Professor Hossenfelder: Who makes the physical structures that you have displayed in your videos? I'm wondering what combination of plumbers, electrical engineers, and other mechanical engineers are used to construct these huge powerful instruments.
Hi Sabine, love your condensed news format.
Thanks for the video :)
Thank you for the news :) you are grate.
I’m offended by that, said the cheese.
Congrats on the 1M subscribers!
I find this kind of response very gratifying. The fact that science has a quite stern and proactive system of examination and reexamination of significant results means that those papers that do pass through this gauntlet of peer-reviewed scrutiny are far more likely to represent real progress.
Sabine is my new favorite, since the video about Web3 at its 9:23.
Sabine. You wrote a paper about computability, right? I know you have this one video about computability and decidability. But could you please also consider making a video why physicists consider chaos more relevant than computability und decidability? As a computer scientist I would love to hear your opinion in this.
Thank you for the science news.
Herzlichen Dank für die Nachrichten.
Ich hab weder das Wissen noch die Zeit um mir alle Nachrichten mal durch zu lesen. Manchmal schaffe ich nicht mal die 20 Minuten hier.
Aber heute habe ich das und die Zeit wirklich genossen
Some few year ago while i qas taking a class on optics, it arise to the conversation the subject of light pulses, our professor told us about some people being able to achieve ligh pulses on the atto scale.
Thanks for your great channel, critical thinking, ability to challenge the orthodox in physics, and humor
It’s refreshing to see that logic is still being used.
I read a similar article, the continents converge to one, but the extinction was ruled for the horrible weather that would result for most life being located so far from weather-moderating oceans (one really big ocean!).
Hi Sabine, could you elaborate on why antiparticles would have different inertial than gravitational mass if anti particles would anti gravitate?
Love your channel!
The question was not 'why' but 'whether.'
Hey Sabine, I'm loving taking the Quizwithit's quizes, they're super fun! I couldn't check the quiz's answer even though I signed up, though. Also, the background color for when you select an option by clicking on its button is too similar to its unselected version, you might want to increase contrast a bit. If I might make another suggestion, after I submit my answer, it takes a while for the quiz to move to the next question. That's not a problem in and of itself, but it might be better to add a loading animation like a rotating circle of something. As it is, it seems like the page is frozen. Happy physicing! Oh, wait, wrong channel.
It seems like the delay is actually present by design, maybe with a sleep(number_of_seconds) method or something. If that's the case, it should be even more important to add an animation to let users know everything is working as intended.
Oh it is Quizwithit. At first I read shitwhit. Then I thought, what is a shitwhit, and how is that related to the nitwit.
Thanks for the science news - looking forward to you dropping another song too 😊
yes!🖖
I love this stuff, although as I dropped Physics in school around the *age of 15, all this is way above my paygrade!
Although it is probably impossible to get anything close to Plank time, I’m sure a quectosecond laser will be developed at some point in the future, which might make the study of exotic sub atomic particles without the need hadron colliders (if my limited understanding of the subject is not too incorrect).
Didn't know about the Scot Aaronsson calculation, that sheds interesting light on the case!
good video as always.
doing a quiz for the video is such an awesome idea
that was very fun
(5:28) The "modest applied pressure" is versus a planetary core. (2:55) DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.134.A1416 (bad polymer). Cooper pair-laundering heavy phonons (Nb3Sn Tc=18.3K) replaced by light Frenkel excitons (Tc=2200 K). The mm+-calculated solution is a molecular coaxial cable: staggered pi-stacked aromatic exciton sheath; insulator interior fully decorating a central slightly helical polyacetylene conductive core quantum well array. Each synthetic step is well-documented in the literature. *Subsisto stupri circum ac solum facere.*
A saw an online lecture with Daniel Dennett a few days ago. He was one of the IIT signatories, and discussed it as one of the lecture topics.
Recently reviewed a social science article deriding non- standard definitions of the subject parameters. It appears this is affecting many branches of science, especially the younger ones, whose definitions are also relatively new.
You seem so cherry in this video and as always, super funny. You always cheer me up, thank you for all you do.
Sabine, please give more explanation about attosecond light pulses. Taking light speed into account, these pulses would have a length of less than a nanometer. How do I imagine such a pulse? Does it have the shape of a tiny pancake? How many photons are in there?
I tried Ground News, and find it quite useful.
Thank you, Dr Hossendelder!
Thank you from the entire team!
Hi Sabine, I used to be the Book Reviews Editor of the CERN Courier and I have read your book Lost in Math. Anyway.. I wanted to ask you from where you take the news... I mean, do you get weekly alerts from all the Nature journals, APS journals, etc.? As you mentioned in this video, it's a lot of papers to sort through, so I wonder what you use to speed up this process. Thank you in advance for your answer.
think she works very hard for the news, and she has a tiny team. Lost In Math and her new book, Existential Physics, both are great. (sorry, I´m not Sabine, but she normally is in the comment section just about an hour after uploading a vid)
Anybody who can conduct an orchestra version of Through the Fire and the Flames would be a superconductor.
To get attoseccond pulsed laser light, take a femptosecond laser and shine it through a cell that has a high non-linear coefficient, hydrogen or methane work well. Then take the output and use negative dispersion mirrors to stack the modes on top of one another. It shortens the femptosecond pulse into attoseconds. It is usually a diode pumped Ti:sapphire laser sent through crystals that make UV then use the UV to pump a wide band optical parametric oscillator and use a special mirror to cause the frequencies to stack on one another.❤
Love from India, this video is amazing!!! Do this regularly please, i'll be a regular watcher of this news week in science type of thing
She does it regularly. If you haven't watched the previous episodes of science news, go to her channel and do watch!
@@harikumarv4658 Thanks for telling !
@@arnavrawat9864 every saturday a topic video, and in the middle of the week, the science news.Very reliable and trusrworthy, if you subscribe or become member, it´s shown up on YT
LCLS-II repetition rate is million times a second, not a million times a minute. Thanks for including it in the news round up though! Thousands of people have been working on this for about ten years.
I believe in the breakdown of the bi-camoral minds summary. I think you have an abstract speech center and a primary one.
Im currently at OSU and they sent emails to everyone about his Nobel prize. Im so happy for him.
I once attended a lecture on consciousness by a well known professor whose name I've unfortunately forgotten. He never defined the subject of his lecture, but it became apparent that his implicit definition was: 'consciousness is what neurons do'. Unsurprisingly he concluded that nematode worms are 'somewhat conscious' while machines can never be conscious! When asked for evidence of nematode consciousness he produced a microscope slide of a dissected worm and declared 'look - neurons'! All sides of this debate are indulging in pseudo-scientific hand-waving until there is a mutually agreed definition of consciousness independent of any theory of how it works or arises.
I just realised how big attosecond measure is for quantum computation, like for most qubits they have a lifespan of microseconds, this is very much the case for solid state qubits like coloured NV-centre, implanted ion nuclear spin qubits or gate transistor qubits, they often have relaxation time of microsecond scale, so ultrafast control would mean even that kind of relaxation time is enough for many cycles of operation, and optical control is often the easiest way to deal with solid state qubits. I just can't wait to see what people can do with it. Of course you can't manipulate spin that fast in gate transistor qubits, but it might be useful if someone wants to make a light-semiconductor interface, I don't know.
That pickup line works!
I really love your sense of humor Dr. Hossenfelder.
if there was a substance whose inertial mass and gravitational mass had opposite signs, would it be inconsistent with established physical laws?
Sabine, I was wondering if there could be an experiment that this attosecond physics research could be used in analyzing the mystery of gravity, that is, specifically checking on the theory of Tom Van Flandern on the speed of gravity. Van Flandern, who formerly did astrodynamics work for NASA, held a PhD in astronomy from Yale, specializing in Celestial Mechanics.
In his work, he claims to have found that the speed of gravity is at least 2 x10^10c, or 6 x 10^18 m/sec. An attosecond experiment would translate to a ~ 6-meter gravity reach. Applying a short time to a measurable distance.
I agree, so many people turned their nose up at the alpha result but it was a beautiful experiment and had to be done. Most (not all) reasons that people normally give as to why antimatter should fall down, were actually not correct. I believe Aegis countered most of the arguments in their first paper and there is a wikipedia page too I think. It would have been an amazing revolution in physics had it fallen up. I still think they should do more work to make sure that the result fits more squarely over g and not just barely covers it with error bars (wasn't it like 7.5 +- 2.5).
Yeah. There doesn't appear to be an anti-higgs field. The experiment shows that the anti-matter is interacting with the same higgs field as normal matter.
Some years ago after watching too many UA-cam videos the question whether antimatter would fall upwards or downwards occurred to me. I am happy it has been answered now 🙂
I lost out for beam time at PSI this year to an experiment to see whether muonium falls upwards (which we think it can't) and an experiment to measure the electric dipole of the muon (which, since we think it's a point particle, we think can't possibly be nonzero). :-(
2:41 "I love when the Nobel Prize is awarded because everyone is like 'woooooo physics!', which is how I feel the whole year." Can't explain why but you saying this put a smile on my face.
Woooo, a prestigious award for a discovery or invention from some decades ago gets featured!
I am your greatest 🎉fan! Excellent presentation style. Great knowledge with humor.
IMO IIT might be a good idea to build a working framework. It might not yet be one. But being able to measure breadth/depth etc of an information system (book vs whole human, bacteria vs server network) would be really helpful. We'd know that certain shallow or narrow systems couldn't possibly be "conscious" because there would be no way for it to have a "qualia" (or description of itself/world).
Sabine thanks again for your explanations. but how can we measure short times as we ourself cannot stop the time? we live always a second longer maybe there is an dimension without time but we will never measure that..... I think
I think that in all our formulas about physics we should include a time variant...
I think somewhere along we've sort of missed a step with polar charge particle models, they're easier to model and do the math for, and certainly to create, but it seems much less accurate than if we adopted a truly 2 or 3 dimensional model where it isn't just linearly positive or negative.
Wow, that was a tough one. The only thing I understood was that new hook up line. I'll let you know if it works.
Just discovered this channel and I aspire to be this women and have the confidence she has. Good god she is brilliant.
Hi Sabine
I went to sign up for Ground news but the 30% offer didn't seem to get processed. (I used your link and took the process as far as PayPal )
Am I doing something wrong or is there a glitch??
Cheers
iain
I love the quizzes
i'm interested in your physics sabine.
I will check out Ground News.
Could ultrafast attosecond lasers help in "visualizing wavefunctions" which is something that one of the scientists seemed to be hinting at ??
Dear Sabine,
I want to congratulate you for the outstanding quality, clarity, and humor of your videos - great job! Please keep up the excellent work.
On another note, I find myself aligned with Daniel Dennett's perspective in opposition to David Chalmers (and yourself) when it comes to Integrated Information Theory (IIT) being considered "pseudoscience." This viewpoint arises from the fact that it's increasingly challenging to differentiate pseudoscience from IIT, especially considering the groundwork laid by Scott Aaronson and others in this field. Their work has made it difficult to distinguish the consciousness stemming from IIT from other forms of consciousness.
In fact, I do appreciate the "pseudoscience" label, as it might incentivize proponents of IIT to strive harder to gain acceptance. In a way, I see David Chalmers' comment as akin to a "Woke-defensive comment" within the realm of science.
Once again, thank you for your fantastic content.
Warm regards,
Antonio from Mexico City 🇲🇽
Golly! I remember 'Computing' or 'Computer Weekly' reporting IBM Labs achieving femto-second pulses. (Some time in the 90s?)
The mind is an emergent phenomena that arises from the hierarchical interactions that take place in the brain, It exists because the consciousness is smeared across time. The "present moment" is actually about 100ms long, You can consider this like having a huge slew rate - or, a huge lag.
This is a significantly huge amount of time compared to the amount of time it takes for individual interactions to take in the brain.
This would lead to systems having informational feedback, that would cycle within the time window of the present moment. Which would be a good condition for emergence to happen.
As Information processing spreads across time, it also spreads across the system, and each moment of the awareness is looking backwards at itself, in this sort of self re-iterating cycle the marches forward temporally.
Then, the information that the brain is getting from itself, leads to a self-modulating, guided rerouting of pathways. And this leads to the sense that really matters, the ability to sense the self.
I think the ability to sense the self is a sense just like vision or smell... except there is no external receptor for it... it arises from the cycle of feedback and self-modulation, that just goes on forever until you die. :D
Unfortunately it leads to this sort of conundrum of awareness.
And that's brains!
That's what the mushrooms told me. Usually what they say is half true and half lie... so I'm probably half right.
Wow, what a lovely lady. Loved your video. Subscribing you for weekly science videos.
Attosecond lasers may proved more insights into research on the double time split experiments, that are providing some interesting results on photons relationship to time and how the uncertainty principle is experienced when speed is absolute.
The laser light used to form the atto second pulse has no mass, but does have momentum which could affect the movement of a charged particle. Is this another case of observation interfering with measurement?
10:46 so, finding that antimatter does not anti-gravitate mostly rules out the “moving backwards in time” hypothesis of antimatter. Right?
I love your wry, dry, sense of humour!
1 attosecond is my attention span since the invention of social media.
For the antimatter antigravity experiment, I was under the impression that the team measured the number of antihydrogen atoms that fell and compared it to the control experiment which measured the number of hydrogen atoms that fell. These percentages were nearly equivalent. If the number of antihydrogen particles that fell was less, it would indicate antigravity. They didn't actually measure the speed of the falling particles. Anyway, a null result is a valuable result.
Should they try with antimolecules ?
I think it was not a 50/50 btw, it was 3/4 vs 1/4, and most of them went by the lower side. If they were 50/50 that might indicate they are indiferent to gravity, and that wasnt the result but gravity affects them. If they went by the upper side, they would have been affected by antigravity, I think (and I have questions about that, is antigravity suppossed to be, for this experiment in the case it resulted, antimatter being repeled by normal gravity created by normal matter?).
I MIGHT BE WRONG, but I was listening to this experiment I think in Anton Petrov's channel. Edit: yes, he talked about this yesterday
@@SebaBuenoHaceMusiquitaJijiji It is hard to make them. The anti-H atoms are seemingly too hot to combine into H2. I am not aware if they have been trying to cool the anti-H atoms along the experiment. Maybe Sabine can shed some light on it.
@@SebaBuenoHaceMusiquitaJijiji yeah it wasn't exactly 50/50, but really close. Enough to warrant more experiments to see if the difference is real or due to experimental uncertainty.
I work on this experiment. You're correct that the speed of falling particles was not measured, but rather the number that fell vs rose. For the non-biased magnetic field, 94.5 fell down and 36.7 fell up. That is after subtracting a background in the detector due to cosmic rays, which is why it's a decimal. That's 72% falling down, and many sigma from 50%. And the antihydrogen isn't too hot to combine into H2, but first it's not even close to dense enough, and second, the groundstate of the H2 molecule doesn't have a magnetic moment, so H2 wouldn't be trapped in the magnetic minimum trap like H is.
@@crazedvidmaker Thanks for the reply! It was an ingenious set up I must say.
I study now at the same university as Ferenc Krausz and as a young Hungarian student researcher I’m really proud that this year 2 Hungarians got Nobel prizes (Katalin Karikó as well)
ua-cam.com/video/kvvk5n9lQF0/v-deo.html
I was worried there for a moment people where going after the works in information theory of Harry Nyquist, Ralph Hartleyand Claude Shannon. I had a hard time seeing they could have been wrong.
Suppose everything is expanding outward (into perhaps space-time for example.) And observers made of ordinary matter are moving at slightly slowed rate compared to photons. Then the difference in rate is the speed of light. An ordinary matter object moving relative to an observer is then catching up with the rate of expansion outward of a photon. And at the speed of light goes outward at the same pace as a photon.
Hyatt Regency Might be the Hillton Hotels.
Or Else It's The Hotel Host Group
Yep, 1GPa (10000 bar) is "moderate" pressure. There are several technologies around to do it, the main restriction being how big your sample can be because of the stored energy risk.
For a diamond anvil cell (DAC), where the sample sizes are order mm cubed, 1GPa is almost too low. There's an onset effect where it takes a little bit of force to pre-squish the surrounding seals before you actually start applying force to the sample and if you get impatient and rush this, it's like "damn I'm at 3GPa already." Below 5GPa with DAC is cheap and easy, even up to 20GPa or so is not too hard. After that it starts getting tricky.
Well, the million dollar question is how to achieve and sustain such pressures without any anvil, isn't it? It's well known how to get 100 bars in a gas bottle and keep that for years. Do that with 10'000 bars, that custom material and in a streched form and you've invented a *_usable_* room temperature superconductor.
@@traumflug For sure. Materials that are only superconducting at way above atmospheric pressure will probably not have practical application.
But I've done experiments up to 10GPa, and I'm well aware that, as far as the high pressure community is concerned, that's seen as pretty wussy.
10000 bar of pressure! Next, we will see superconductors on the hydraulic press channel!
Danke! :) Interessant was in deiner Welt los ist ;)
Maybe some sort of sasers or other frequencies are used to make superconductors. Perhaps you use ultrasonic sasers. I shall consult with these certain ET nine wise ones.