Could this be the first evidence for string theory?
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- Опубліковано 4 чер 2024
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This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/...
In this week's science news, I talk about a new candidate for a cosmic string, the mysterious shrinking of planet Mercury, a nuclear clock, the first quantum engine, a simulator for human diseases, whether we can find new physics with spinning black holes, AI that wants to help find aliens, how to compute with photons, and of course, the telephone will ring.
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00:00 Intro
00:32 A new candidate for a cosmic string,
02:42 The mysterious shrinking of planet Mercury
04:28 A nuclear clock
07:27 The first quantum engine
09:17 A simulator for human diseases
10:25 Can we find new physics with spinning black holes
12:48 AI that wants to help find aliens
14:08 How to compute with photons
16:43 Learn Science with Brilliant
#science #sciencenews - Наука та технологія
This video comes with a quiz which you can take here: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1696810732638x719113301385612800
Quizes are a bit 'Watson', let's predict next weeks riddle like Sherlock would...
Mars is shrinking to that means the planet used to be Bigger
Either this or they have just abolished capitalism...@@osmosisjones4912
I took the test last week and scored 80%. And that was just from memory. lf there's no time limit and I can go back to check my notes, I'm gonna ace them from now on.
I told you so, 12/12
Fun fact: planetary shrinkage was a popular geological explanation for Earth's mountains and other features prior to the theory of continental shift.
*Continental drift "continental shift" is something else entirely, relation to work schedules.
@@sunnyjim1355 "Work schedules? That sounds interesting, tell me more..." - Penny, Big Bang Theory
.
Sorry, but it needed saying... 😂
@@hervigdewilde3599 Don't tell her, she's a spy 🤣
Fun fact: a lot of scientists do not agree on the conclusion that continental drift created Earth's mountain in the way that it supposedly did. Look into the formation of The Rocky Mountains, for example.
In short: it's more complicated than just continental drift.
@@joyl7842saw a video about the rockies the other week but cant recall whether i saw the end or not. Must find text on the web. I prefer reading stuff like that.
I dont see why that negates continental drift though or the formation of ranges such as the Alps and Himalayas.
"Don't get too excited. It just might be one damn string after another." I love how she injects her sense of humor into her videos.
9:15 “but it’s a step to putting quantum between every other word”
I absolutely lost it 😅
Such a savage and so smooth with it!
savage
I just assumed we all knew that meatballs shrink in an oven ...
Noice Woyk my fwiend💯🧙♂️👍
Also you might observe other twin balls down below shrunk and despined as they cool
They shrink outside of an oven too...
About one year now, we are happy to benefit from your science news, thanks a lot😊
Yes, you're right, we started almost exactly one year ago!
You edited this comment and it still says ''bews''?
@@srobertweiser repaired, but sadly I lost her like by that.
@@Thomas-gk42 Sorry about that, but I'm gonna sleep much better tonight knowing it doesn't say science ''bews''.
@@SabineHossenfelderthere is an imposter pretending to be you doing a telegram scam.
Fun fact: if there was a bike path at the equator of Mercury, you could easily stay all day in the sunset or sunrise temperate zone at about 20 degrees C.
And if you go 10 miles off that path by mistake, you burst into flames like Sarah conner did in her dream in terminator two.
Do we know how wide that zone is? What about at the poles? Is there anywhere you could set up camp and survive?
Bring a pump for your tires…. The price for getting a flat is very, very high.
15:09
You forgot to mention probably the most significant application: current AI models are pretty much entirely based on matrix multiplication. So better dedicated hardware will give us faster and probably bigger models to inevitably bring forth our robot overlords.
Was going to post this comment. This is also why graphics cards are great for doing machine learning, and why photonic computing will finally let me run Crysis.
Computer graphics as well.
If you knew what you are talking about, you could explain it in comprehensive English
@@davidharvey3743if you comprehensively understood English you'd be able to see that that was pretty thoroughly explained. It wasn't explained in very simple terms, but it was put well using the level of complexity appropriate for the topic at hand.
@@davidharvey3743Matrix multiplication is a short cut way to multiply a collection of numbers in a n dimensional space. The way AI via an ANN works is that it stores a bunch of numbers, called weights, which it calculates during the training phase. In order to calculate an activation you need to sum those numbers and perform certain threshold operations on the value. The function used is dependent on the application, and there are many different types of activation functions. The output of that function is usually is usually the activation amount with the weight value in. That activation amount relates to the strength of the activation, and will help determine the final outcome. That example is for a single neuron. Modern networks have millions and even billions of artificial neurons which means you have to multiple millions or billions of numbers very quickly. That's where the massive parallelism comes with GPUs. There are other aspects of matrix multiplication that requires a course in linear algebra to understand, but that's it in a nutshell. You have to multiple a bunch of numbers quickly, and having a bunch of parallel floating point processing cores, like there is in modern GPUs, is the perfect way to do that calculation. Quantum computers will change that landscape in many ways. Those calculations essentially become instant. If we can get AI working in an quantum computer it will be scary fast.
Thank you for the news Dr. Sabine!
I love finishing my day at work. Heading to the gym and then walking home listening to Sabine. It's a little highlight of my week, thank you for all your hard work putting this together Sabine
So right 👍
And her obvious pleasure in delivering the new topic. 😊
A "little highlight of your week"?
Have you narcissistic personality disorder?
This has nothing to do with you or your life, please stop calling attention to yourself through the merits of others.
9:11
"But it is another step on the way to putting 'quantum' before every other word."
Best laugh I've had in a long time.
For the new general computing trend of specialized hardware to speed things up at 16:13 - 16:26 I wrote computer programs for IBM 360/44 1968-73, for oil & gas exploration, in Fortran IV-E & Assembler and our (rented) IBM included a "convolver" specialized hardware (size of a wardrobe) that simply did the convolving process of 2 time series (multiply aligned values, sum them all, shift 1 time series & repeat). Not sure whether my Fast Fourier Transform for frequency domain filtering let them return the "convolver" to save rental but then the Raytheon 706 and Varian V73 happened and an Array Transform Processor (ATP) little slide-in box arrived cheap enough to buy outright so it was the scrap heap for the old "convolver", much like me now. That was nostalgic.
They've been stringing us along, for what seems like eternity.
You're wonderful, Sabine.
And whoever else helps her with these videos! We love you guys!
This channel is a gem
The same happened to Pluto. It used to be a planet a few years ago...
Jupiter used to be a God
@@jedahnand Venus, Mars and Neptun too.
@@user-li7ec3fg6h They should never have been demoted.
lmao, pluto was not a planet like almost 20 years ago
Thanks a bunch for the news, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
A German with a sense of humour, hot as Mercury.
Love it cuz there is no limit to the entertaining and instructive value of sarcasm ... enlightening and questioning.
I just want to say thank you to whoever named their organization "PNAS"
Please tell them that Steve said 'thanks' too
Great as always! Thank you very much.
Im retired and its easy to get way behind these days. I love your channel Sabine! And being a Texan of German descent who has spent a lot of time in Germany, your accent makes me feel at home. Wunderbar!
Was your grandpa a German prisoner of war captured in North Africa?
So true about retirement. The first few years, I still read the journals, advised grad students, etc., but it's tough to keep up when you're not going to the lab or department.😢
Don't suppose you're near either Fredericksburg or New Braunfels?
@@srobertweiser More probably a Deutschtexaner. See the Wikipedia article "German Texan".
@@bjdefilippo447 very near new braunfels, hour and a half from Fredericksburg. Why?
@@srobertweiser no, the German one was in his 70s during WWII and living in east Texas lol . These are not the Deutschlanders you're looking for...
Great video, I especially love its 80s/90s style, and your sense of humor 😄😄
What often amazes me about Sabine is, as a physicist, she makes predictions based on her observations and experimental data, and it's shocking how often her predictions are right. She predicts "...and, of course, the phone will ring." And she's RIGHT. EVERY. GODDAMN. TIME. Quantum physics just blows my mind.
@sabine_hossenfelder- Scam Scam Scam
But there may be a a Black Swan Event where this does not take place because ultimately she uses inductive probabilities as opposed to a deductive theory about what causes the phone to ring.
@@jorriffhdhtrsegg Brain hurts now.
she is really psychic
She simply doesn't show all the times it doesnt ring!
It's great to be hopefully learning more about Mercury!!!
Of course, it would be even GREATER to learn more about Uranus.
Many thanks for your much needed work! 👍🏼
I’m glad you chose an ‘old apple’ for the imagery of Mercury’s wrinkly shrinkage. 😅3:04
Thank you for your humor, Dr. Sabine. You make me laugh as you educate me!
Listening to you explaining Grabens in this sense while your brains basically screams for the basic German definition was some fun :D
Actually Horsts confuse me somewhat more...
A Horst is a high spot or lookout point (and eg eagle's nests are called Adlerhorst because they're typically high up)
thank you!
13:39 great headline "AI helps find aliens" for a statistical method.
Betteridge's Law of Headlines says, "No!" and prevents us wasting nearly 19 minutes of our lives. Thank you, Sabine.
What, you mean there aren’t an infinite amount of universes and in one of them there is an sentient elephant?
There’s enough Botox in Southern California to correct Mercury’s wrinkles, I’m sure if it! 😂
Thanks for the vidja!
In the spirit of putting 'quantum' before anything, I am waiting for 'quantum quantum' and 'quantum anything'
ULTRA QUANTUM
*Quantum in quantum the quantum spirit quantum of quantum putting quantum 'quantum' quantum before quantum anything, quantum I quantum am quantum waiting quantum for 'quantum quantum quantum quantum' quantum and 'quantum quantum quantum anything'
Yet another excellent & informative video Sabine! It's been almost a year since you have been posting but I'll bet anything that it feels like an eternity! 😉😉👍👍
I'd bet my incisors that it feels almost exactly like 365 days.
"if I wanted to care about things that doesnt exist I can just think about my pension savings" I spilled my water lmao
The schematic image at 1:38 has the object that is seen twice not reflected, but the actual photo at 2:00 has it reflected. What is the correct expectation?
When I visualize the situation I expect it to look like the schematic, but if the photo were wrong the experts should have noticed by now.
Edit: In the conclusion, the paper hypothesizes that "the string is strongly inclined to the line of sight
and, possibly, bent in the image plane". They talk about having to do general relativity computations to get it to match.
Always ingeresting, Thanks!
Now poor pluto won't feel so alone
Came for the cosmic string but was more interested in that disease simulator from northwestern, pretty intriguing
How can cesium clocks have an error in measuring the second, if the second is literally defined in terms of what the cesium clock measures?
Thanks
Thank you from the entire team!
Good morning. Mercury must have an inner core offset from its geological center. Which influences its rotation and its structure. Greeting from France.
One damned String after another!! I laughed out loud! 🤣
Exciting finally a new X-ray cool tempometer for my synthwave resonance of the sound of cosmos.
4:38 -- Gimme a second, would you? Yah sure, in about 300 billion years if you don't mind waiting. Look fella, we've already been 14 billion years, so we're almost most of the way there already.
4:58 -- No, no, now she says it's 300 million years. Whatever, million, billion, what the hell, same difference. What's 3 orders of magnitude between you and Kevin Bacon? Now get back in line, I have other customers waiting. We only give out seconds after we're done with the firsts.
6:15 -- Nah, haven't you heard? It's the Germans, man. They got into that Scandium nuclei instead of the Cesium, that's why you only got 3 orders to go. Shoulda ordered the Scandium. Yeah, well we're outta the Scandium, you want soup or not? It's a bit of a wait.
6:40 -- Well, I could go for 3 femtoseconds. You got maybe 3 femtoseconds back there? We're not all that precise, buddy, if you get my drift, but I'll go look, be back in a sec.
7:01 -- Hey buddy, you're in luck. You want femtoseconds, we got this new Thorium fresh in from Europe. It's a little pricey, cost you an X-ray or two, but that's the high energy for ya. Buddy? What the? Where'd he off to ... I was only gone a minute. And a small minute at that. What a buncha eons. Millie, hey Millie! You seen that second guy? If he show up again, you keep an ion him, okay?
7:36 -- Yah sure, MikeRon, whatever ya quant. The fermion took off, so just chill out.
This episode brought to you by the numbers 300 million, and 300 billion.
6:00 there are not THAT many elements in the periodic table, but every time I hear about one I didn't know I'm like "but, is this table infinite?" - here with Scandium
12:20 can't even tell anymore if the Musk segments are true or satire ahahah
Scandium isn't even that big, just number 21.
I've been sick for two weeks, and now that I'm a little better, of all the channels I watch, this is the one I'm happier catching up with. I even have channels dedicate to hobbies of mine that I will leave for later.
I think you got the nuclear clock performance wrong by ~14 orders of magnitude. They measured the 12.4 keV transition with 0.1 eV precision - so it’s a df/f~1e-5. much worst than your wrist watch not to mention atomic clocks. Love your videos by the way.
If coolness caused shrinking, you'd be microscopic by now Sabine.
Noice Woyk my fwiend 🤣
@@dr.tonielffaucet5988 Tank you, Doc
we must use it for my Dyson sphere before it evaporates away!!!
Fast matrix multiplication hardware would be a HUGE change
Hope you talk about the hotly debated (science or not?) paper on Assembly Theory in Nature.
Stephen Baxter's book RING is mind blowing regarding cosmic strings.
Yes it IS. Great shout out to a great author.
"One-Dimensional-Object larger then a galaxy" *mind boggled*.
Ytterbium atomic clocks are about ten times as accurate as Caesium atomic clocks (because they rely on light waves rather than microwaves). Lutetium atomic clocks may be more accurate, which would be nice because it would mean we actually have a use for lutetium. I need a clock that is accurate to a second in three billion years to get to work on time.
You are cheerier than usual Sabine, im beginning to think you were lying about being German 😂
its AI Sabine
OK that's funny. 😂
Greetings from Bavaria!
Yes, I really did LOL.
And it's not even asparagus season.
@@pakde8002better, it’s almost Brussels sprouts season 😂
Can't even begin to imagine what could be done if things like these where mastered
I understand *some* of the words you said around 14:40. It could have used more explanation, because I have no idea what you were trying to say.
I'm here for the rotating skull animations
Finally. A use for Scandium.
Thank goodness for you.
2 fermions make a boson? That shows it's all to do with spin, then.
And the W and Z particles aren't bosons. They are baryons with super-added spins. The Z, for example, spinwise, is a level 20 proton meeting a level 19 proton and a level 15 proton. That's why it adds to 91.16 GeV. There's a mechanical reason why its that number, not pulled out the air like Weinberg.
W and Z have integer spin values.
"In particle physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons." wikipedia.
Photonic matrix operation can help a lot on using large AI models as well (it is very expensive and most of the calculation is matrix multiplication)
I did not watch the video yet, so how much precision does this photonic operation give us? And is it in any way compatible with reversible computation?
Isn't that what you fire at the Borg?
Good technology of fermion and bososns we need a Carnot cycle and assessed the efficiency.
It brings a hope for me the predictions of GUT . At low temperature particles collapses to Identity less state . At very high temperature could be force field.
Do we need a new photon's definition.
News Sabina is brilliant.
Looks nice.
I so so sooooo
wish we could have a segment over that phone of yours together one day,
just at least once in our lives,
i can already imagine all the theories that would pop up in our conversation.
and all the peer reviews we'd start failing,
but i wouldnt care...
it would just give them,
something to talk about
and we could just keep trying each other's theories ,
together
(with all due respect)
That's a shame: 'Scientists' have _missed a trick_ by choosing _Scandium_ for their atomic clock (5:55).
If they'd have chosen _Uranium 235_ instead, then not only would their atomic clock have been more accurate (possibly) but it would also work as an ALARM CLOCK.
lol
Sabine is my favorite commedian. She has so many great quantum bits about technology.
That's gonna make it time sensitive, if we're planning to disassemble Mercury for our Dyson swarm.
Thank you
Planetary shrinkage. I feel for you brother. It's okay.
Shrinkage, Jerry, shrinkage!
Great video. Posted on my Facebook timeline.
🔥🔥🔥🔥
String crunch event to ligo woble, is gravitational to string gauge. Stability periodicity. Now, the exemplified experiment is a true cake 🎉.
9:26 Naming your device after a somewhat common word obstructs attempts to search the web for it.
Not surprised Mercury is shrinking...it was very violet in the picture you presented.
The queen of tabloid Physics. Thank you Sabine...
Amazing video and facts really exciting! Congrats for more than one million subscribers and growing!
I'm a layman, so excuse my musings if they make no sense. But I thought mercury was mostly metal, and experiences extreme heating on one side and extreme cooling on the other. Surely this would stress metal, and could explain the wrinkles? They must have thought of that already though, and presumably ruled it out.
Exiting to know that more alternative computing models are getting more and more a reality.
I wonder if there will be a time where you have a computer with multiple CO processors for home use to improve specific performances like the old day, Got a Photon and Quantom Co processor :D and a light processor acceleration board beside my traditional GPU and CPU
Thank you for the science news.
At 4:05 you said those structures on Mercury would be covered by 'sediments'?
Is that the right word? This might be me Earthling-bias but I understand sediments to be the product of erosion, and Mercury doesn't have water or atmosphere. Can sediment be produced by meteor impacts?
1:44 are cosmic stings like the dissection of the 4th dimensions into a 1d plain
Sabine trying to pronounce German words "Graben" and "Horst" for the English speaking world like a boss^^
Why did she pronounce 'Kerr' like a German?
Using german words in English as a German feels weird because German pronunciation suddenly feels wrong
@@srobertweiserShe didn‘t. The “e“ was pronounced like a German would do it, but the “rr“ not at all.
@@zapl80when you become kind of fluent in English as a non-native speaker you know intuitively to pronounce words wrong.
@@zapl80 Brathering
In your beginning graphic you showed the galaxies as being the same on the left and right.
Put the images shown later of the galaxies look like they are mirrored.
Are they duplicated or mirrored?
I like your jokes a lot. Especially puns. When you said, "It's one damn string after another", I gave an audible groan. That is the sound known by punsters to signify appreciation of a nicely bad pun. On the fermion-boson engine, "Another way to put the word 'quantum' in front of everything. " I sure would like to see an application for that engine. For "Photonics just got real", I gave a half-groan. Still, it was more than I knew about photonics. Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder.
I didn't think it was so bad...I got a low-grade belly laugh out of it.
That "quantum engine" needing very low temperatures -- might be feasible in space
@@retiredbore378 I imagine it would radiate away
Oh no!
Appreciate the uses of the Lattice simulating human disease but would it not be better using a queue-cumber?
With the atomic clock being so precise, it means the location of the clock itself becomes a factor as well? In away, the clock location becomes the baseline for the rest of us, if we use that clock as the ‘real’ time?
With that I mean that where the clock is located on Earth plays a role too, considering the spinning of the Earth around its axis, and other potential variables?
Wouldn’t there be a measurable difference when measuring time on the North Pole versus, say, South Africa?
That happens to the best of us, especially when the weather is getting colder
Almost identical doesn't sound like a mirror image, those spectra had some obvious differences, more fluff than string
A sample size of 130 doesn't sound like a lot to train a machine learning algorithm. I'd be worried that their result isn't generalizable.
Have you had gribenes? They're pretty good.
Merci!
That spin and gravity isn't lost in a black hole should speak volumes about how they work, I would think.
And yes I strongly suspect that spin modified gravity is a thing. Both from observations of ET ships and the galactic spin anomaly and cosmic jets. Spin seems to be the common trigger.
ET ships sometimes have a spinning section, aircraft in close proximity observe their compass spinning like a motor and a vortex force has been observed under ET ships. One could argue that just a spinning integral part of an ET ship is conclusive in itself. If mass spin wasn't necessary then it's a very clumsy design compromise and they would avoid it.
Seeing as just spinning mass doesn't create exotic effects it might require a resonant EM component or more. If we could learn more of the conditions for cosmic jets it might become obvious.
yes it was once 27 times bigger than jupiter so anyone can see that if they have been here as long as I have, I remember when the moon was only 46,000 kilometers from the earth there was a big tidal difference, I think the moon was to blame for a mass of volcanic eruptions
IIRC, one thing that being able to do computations on matrices is in the field if computer graphics.