Why the Rabbinic Judaism excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from Rabbinic Bible?❓ In A.D. 66, Jewish Zealots rose up in rebellion against the pagan Roman Empire. Not everybody was behind this revolt.The revolt took the Romans by surprise, and the Zealots won a few initial victories. The Romans struck back and slowly began to take back Judea, eventually laying siege to the city of Jerusalem.Jerusalem was well fortified and well supplied. Under normal circumstances, it may have been able to bring the Roman counter-offensive to a stalemate. The Zealot leadership was not unified, however, and the Zealots broke into factions, fighting against each other and destroying each other’s food stores. Jerusalem quickly fell into a state of starvation. It was during this turmoil that Rabban Yahanan ben Zakkai -ruler of the Sanhedrin and leading member of the Pharisees -escaped the city by being taken out in a coffin. Since Yahanan was against the revolt from the beginning, he was able to win favor with Vespasian,predicting that the Roman would eventually become emperor. He asked Vespasian for permission to allow him to set up a rabbinic school in the city of Jamnia (Yavne). Vespasian agreed. The Romans eventually breached the walls of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jerusalem temple. A few years later the revolt was finally crushed after the taking of the fortress at Masada . The destruction of the temple was nothing short of cataclysmic. Without the temple, it would be impossible for Judaism to practice the faith as prescribed by the Mosaic Law. Moreover, the aftermath of the first revolt had serious ramifications for several sects within Judaism. The Zealots were wiped out by the Romans. The Qumran community was decimated by the Romans as well. Without the priesthood and the temple, the Sadducees became disenfranchised and disappeared from history. Only two Jewish sects survived the first revolt intact, and even a bit emboldened: the Christians(minims) and the Pharisees . The Second Revolt began almost as soon as the first one had failed. The failure had taught the Jews a very valuable lesson. If the Second Revolt were to have any chance at success, it needed to be led by a single strong leader. That leader was Simon bar Kokhba (d. A.D. 135). Rabbi Akiva , the head of the school at Jamnia, proclaimed that bar Kokhba was the long-awaited messiah who would defeat the Romans and rebuild the temple.this second revolt would be a messianic movement.the Second Revolt was so great, in fact, that even Samaritans and pagans joined in the fighting. However, there was one Jewish sect that refused to join: an obstinate sect known as the Christians. The Christians, a majority of whom were ethnically Jewish, were pressed to join the revolt, but they refused. To accept bar Kokhba as messiah, as Akiva insisted, would have been nothing short of apostasy; and because of their refusal to do so, Christians were treated by the Jews not only as heretics but traitors as well. Akiva was also instrumental in the rejection and replacement of the Greek Septuagint.Even more important for our discussion, Akiva also is instrumental in rejecting the New Testament and the deuterocanon. Akiva states, *The Gospels and heretical books do not defile the hands. The books of ben Sira and all other books written from then on, do not defile the hands* . (Tosefta Yadayim 2:13) Why did Rabbi Akiva pair the rejection of the Gospels with the rejection of the deuterocanon? Akiva ’s decree suggests that there must have been a sizable percentage of Jewish Christians in Judea during this time (c. A.D. 132) who held the deuterocanon to be sacred along with the Gospels and the New Testament. It also shows that either some Jews may have already accepted some of these books or that there was a danger that they might be accepted in the future. Therefore, a decision was needed. Jewish scholar Louis Ginzberg poses that the reason Akiva repudiated the use of the Greek Septuagint and the deuterocanon was the desire to disarm Christians-especially Jewish Christians-who drew their “proofs” from the Apocrypha, must also be attributed his wish to emancipate the Jews of the Dispersion from the domination of the Septuagint, the errors and inaccuracies in which frequently distorted the true meaning of Scripture, and were even used as arguments against the Jews by the Christians. It is understandable that Jews who do not accept that they crucified the Messiah, the fulfillment of the Old Testament, avoid books with such prophecies, but why do Protestants/Pentecostals who believe that Christ is the Messiah adopt the argument of the Jews (Pharisees)⁉️
When the Protestants excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from bible❓ Martin Luther and deuterocanon In the Heidelberg Disputation (AD1518) and Thesis -17 , thesis -35, Luther quotes from the book of wisdom, Sirach ( Deutero Canon) for his arguments. Martin Luther debated with Catholic theologian Fr.Johann Eck in AD-1519 about the doctrine of purgatory... Luther's Arguments are Debunked... With that moment Luther took a stand the book of Maccabees was not part of the Canon ... (Jewish Canon was Right) Luther who rejected the canon of Septuagint rejected classified Epistle to the Hebrews(as it teaches about the priesthood -Hebrew 13:17), James( as it teaches that there is a reward for man's good works, James 2:24) , Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, and the Revelation of John as disputed( The Book of Revelation It is not useful to understand Christ, it does not have the work of the Holy Spirit). James 2:24 is the only verse in the Bible that uses the phrase “faith alone”-and it says that people are “justified by works and not by faith alone.” This is one reason why *Martin Luther wanted the epistle of James removed from the Bible* . Luther himself admitted that sola fide *contradicts* James-even claiming, “I do not regard it as the writing of an apostle.” In the pre-1530 version of his Preface to the Epistles of St. James, Luther held that James “is flatly against St. Paul and all the rest of Scripture in ascribing justification to works. . . . He mangles the scriptures and thereby opposes Paul and all Scripture.” Luther then issued the following challenge: “To him who can make these two agree I will give my doctor’s cap, and I am willing to be called a fool.” Thus, instead of adjusting his theology to fit Scripture, Luther’s solution was to *relegate the book of James to the canonical cheap seats* , declaring flatly in his Preface: “I will not have him in my Bible to be numbered among the true chief books.” Indeed, Luther’s advice was that they “ *should throw the epistle of James out of this school, for it doesn’t amount to much* ” And of course, Luther famously declared *James to be an “epistle of straw* ” It is a wonder that Book of James is still in the Bible of Protestant believers who cut their feet according to the shoe. Jews use the Masoretic text as their original scripture. The Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete manuscript of the Masoretic Text. (The oldest known complete copy, the Leningrad Codex, dates from the early 11th century). Modern Protestant Bibles also use it as their source text. *British Bible society* and Robert Haldane (not Calvin or Zwingli or Luther) was responsible for removing 7 books from the Protestant Bible. Under Haldane's leadership, in 1821, a protest began against the British Bible Society demanding that funds not be given to Bible societies that were printing the Deutero Canon. The resolution was passed in 1822, after 1825 they print Bible without deuterocanon... which means that it has been only 200 years since Protestant churches started using the 66-book Bible.( It's all about the money... for the British Bible Society Cutting printing costs seemed more important than the Scriptures ) Some Protestants argues that the Catholic Church added the Deutero canon to the Bible at the Council of Trent. ‼️ If the deuterocanon was added to the Catholic Bible at the Council of Trent, how did they end up in the Protestant Bibles published before Trent? (Most of These Bible's published Before the Council of Trent) Doesn't it sound strange...‼️ Huldrch Zwingli published the Bible in German in 1531, Martin Luther in 1534(German), and John Calvin in 1560 (English)All these included 73 books. In AD -1611 the king James version of the Bible was released ... and it had 73 books. The 7 books of the Old Testament were included under the name Deuterocanon....Interestingly, many references were used from these for the New Testament. After AD-1885 the Deutero Canon books were removed from king James Bible... " when the British and foreign Bible society undertook to provide the copy of the Bible, for presentation to king Edward VII at his coronation, in 1902, the archbishop of Canterbury (Frederick temple) ruled that a 'mutilated Bible'(one lacking of apocrypha) was unacceptable for the purpose, and as the society was prevented by its constitution from providing an 'unmutilated' edition, a suitable copy had to be produced at short notice from another source ". F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, page 112 "As astonishing instance of the suppression of the apocryphal books is afforded by a work in two volumes published in 1844 entitled 'The LXX version of O.T. according to the Vatican text translated into English by sir L. C. L. Brenton Bart' with the exception of some of the additions to Esther, the removal of which would have caused (presumably) too great a laceration of the text, the apocrypha is wholly omitted, sub silentio it would appear that the translator was ignorant of the existence of such books in 'Vatican text' yet surely this was impossible". - William Heaford Daubney - The use of the apocrypha in the christian church (Cambridge university press) ,page -11 I suggest you 3 books, if you read them, your doubts on this subject will be cleared. 1: Why Catholic Bibles are Bigger by Gary G Michuta 2:The Case for the Deuterocanon: Evidence and Arguments by Gary G Michuta 3:The Formation of the Biblical Canon: 2 volumes by Lee Martin McDonald "to be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant" - Cardinal John Henry Newman, An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, introduction, part 5, 1845.
Are you guys (Protestants) creating new criteria for the bible..? Quoting Jesus or the authors of the New Testament is the standard for holy Scripture? New testament quote's directly from the majority of old testament books. The exceptions are *Joshua, judges, Ruth, 2 kings, 1&2 chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Ecclesiastics, song of Solomon, lamentations, Obadiah, Nahum and Zephaniah* So are you(Protestants) going to remove these books form your Bible... Jesus did quote from the Deuterocanon books. Matt. 2:16 - Herod’s decree of slaying innocent children was prophesied in Wisdom 11:7 - slaying the holy innocents. Matt. 7:16,20 - Jesus’ statement “you will know them by their fruits” follows Sirach 27:6 - the fruit discloses the cultivation. Matt. 9:36 - the people were “like sheep without a shepherd” is same as Judith 11:19 - sheep without a shepherd. Matt. 22:25; Mark 12:20; Luke 20:29 - Gospel writers refer to the canonicity of Tobit 3:8 and 7:11 regarding the seven brothers. John 5:18 - Jesus claiming that God is His Father follows Wisdom 2:16. Luke 21:24 - Jesus’ usage of “fall by the edge of the sword” follows Sirach 28:18. Matthew 27:43 - He trusted in God; let him now deliver him if he will have him; for he said: I am the Son of God. Wisdom 2:18- For if he be the true son of God, he will defend him, and will deliver him from the hands of his enemies. (provides precisely what is missing in Psalm 22:8) Hebrews 11:35 - Women received their dead raised to life again. But others were racked, not accepting deliverance, that they might find a better resurrection. 2 Maccabees 6:22-23, 30, 7:9, 7:14, the Maccabean martyrs fulfill all three identifying traits listed in Hebrews 11:35 and the linguistic contacts of tympanizō and empaigmonwith Second Maccabees, there can be no doubt that Hebrews 11:35 is referencing the Maccabean martyrs asdescribed in the deuterocanonical book of Second Maccabees. Several early Protestant Bibles recognized this by placing a cross-reference to Second Maccabees for this passage. Hebrews 1:3 shows a clear literary and linguistic dependence on Wisdom 7:26 The literary points of contact between Wisdom 7:26 and Hebrews 1:3 can be seen by comparing their respective contexts. For example, both texts address similar subject matter, namely the revelation of the Son, Who is the power and Wisdom of God (1Corinthians 1:24)
Why the Rabbinic Judaism excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from Rabbinic Bible? In A.D. 66, Jewish Zealots rose up in rebellion against the pagan Roman Empire. Not everybody was behind this revolt.The revolt took the Romans by surprise, and the Zealots won a few initial victories. The Romans struck back and slowly began to take back Judea, eventually laying siege to the city of Jerusalem.Jerusalem was well fortified and well supplied. Under normal circumstances, it may have been able to bring the Roman counter-offensive to a stalemate. The Zealot leadership was not unified, however, and the Zealots broke into factions, fighting against each other and destroying each other’s food stores. Jerusalem quickly fell into a state of starvation. It was during this turmoil that Rabban Yahanan ben Zakkai -ruler of the Sanhedrin and leading member of the Pharisees -escaped the city by being taken out in a coffin. Since Yahanan was against the revolt from the beginning, he was able to win favor with Vespasian,predicting that the Roman would eventually become emperor. He asked Vespasian for permission to allow him to set up a rabbinic school in the city of Jamnia (Yavne). Vespasian agreed. The Romans eventually breached the walls of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jerusalem temple. A few years later the revolt was finally crushed after the taking of the fortress at Masada . The destruction of the temple was nothing short of cataclysmic. Without the temple, it would be impossible for Judaism to practice the faith as prescribed by the Mosaic Law. Moreover, the aftermath of the first revolt had serious ramifications for several sects within Judaism. The Zealots were wiped out by the Romans. The Qumran community was decimated by the Romans as well. Without the priesthood and the temple, the Sadducees became disenfranchised and disappeared from history. Only two Jewish sects survived the first revolt intact, and even a bit emboldened: the Christians(minims) and the Pharisees . The Second Revolt began almost as soon as the first one had failed. The failure had taught the Jews a very valuable lesson. If the Second Revolt were to have any chance at success, it needed to be led by a single strong leader. That leader was Simon bar Kokhba (d. A.D. 135). Rabbi Akiva , the head of the school at Jamnia, proclaimed that bar Kokhba was the long-awaited messiah who would defeat the Romans and rebuild the temple.this second revolt would be a messianic movement.the Second Revolt was so great, in fact, that even Samaritans and pagans joined in the fighting. However, there was one Jewish sect that refused to join: an obstinate sect known as the Christians. The Christians, a majority of whom were ethnically Jewish, were pressed to join the revolt, but they refused. To accept bar Kokhba as messiah, as Akiva insisted, would have been nothing short of apostasy; and because of their refusal to do so, Christians were treated by the Jews not only as heretics but traitors as well. Akiva was also instrumental in the rejection and replacement of the Greek Septuagint.Even more important for our discussion, Akiva also is instrumental in rejecting the New Testament and the deuterocanon. Akiva states, *The Gospels and heretical books do not defile the hands. The books of ben Sira and all other books written from then on, do not defile the hands* . (Tosefta Yadayim 2:13) Why did Rabbi Akiva pair the rejection of the Gospels with the rejection of the deuterocanon? Akiva ’s decree suggests that there must have been a sizable percentage of Jewish Christians in Judea during this time (c. A.D. 132) who held the deuterocanon to be sacred along with the Gospels and the New Testament. It also shows that either some Jews may have already accepted some of these books or that there was a danger that they might be accepted in the future. Therefore, a decision was needed. Jewish scholar Louis Ginzberg poses that the reason Akiva repudiated the use of the Greek Septuagint and the deuterocanon was the desire to disarm Christians-especially Jewish Christians-who drew their “proofs” from the Apocrypha, must also be attributed his wish to emancipate the Jews of the Dispersion from the domination of the Septuagint, the errors and inaccuracies in which frequently distorted the true meaning of Scripture, and were even used as arguments against the Jews by the Christians. It is understandable that Jews who do not accept that they crucified the Messiah, the fulfillment of the Old Testament, avoid books with such prophecies, but why do Protestants/Pentecostals who believe that Christ is the Messiah adopt the argument of the Jews (Pharisees)⁉️
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Why the Rabbinic Judaism excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from Rabbinic Bible?❓
In A.D. 66, Jewish Zealots rose up in rebellion against the pagan Roman Empire. Not everybody was behind this revolt.The revolt took the Romans by surprise, and the Zealots won a few initial victories.
The Romans struck back and slowly began to take back Judea, eventually laying siege to the city of Jerusalem.Jerusalem was well fortified and well supplied. Under normal circumstances, it may have been able to bring the Roman counter-offensive to a stalemate. The Zealot leadership was not unified, however, and the Zealots broke into factions, fighting against each other and destroying each other’s food stores. Jerusalem quickly fell into a state of starvation.
It was during this turmoil that Rabban Yahanan ben Zakkai -ruler of the Sanhedrin and leading member of the Pharisees -escaped the city by being taken out in a coffin. Since Yahanan was against the revolt from the beginning, he was able to win favor with Vespasian,predicting that the Roman would eventually become emperor. He asked Vespasian for permission to allow him to set up a rabbinic school in the city of Jamnia (Yavne). Vespasian agreed. The Romans eventually breached the walls of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jerusalem temple. A few years later the revolt was finally crushed after the taking of the fortress at Masada .
The destruction of the temple was nothing short of cataclysmic. Without the temple, it would be impossible for Judaism to practice the faith as prescribed by the Mosaic Law. Moreover, the aftermath of the first revolt had serious ramifications for several sects within Judaism. The Zealots were wiped out by the Romans. The Qumran community was decimated by the Romans as well. Without the priesthood and the temple, the Sadducees became disenfranchised and disappeared from history. Only two Jewish sects survived the first revolt intact, and even a bit emboldened: the Christians(minims) and the Pharisees .
The Second Revolt began almost as soon as the first one had failed. The failure had taught the Jews a very valuable lesson. If the Second Revolt were to have any chance at success, it needed to be led by a single strong leader. That leader was Simon bar Kokhba (d. A.D. 135). Rabbi Akiva , the head of the school at Jamnia, proclaimed that bar Kokhba was the long-awaited messiah who would defeat the Romans and rebuild the temple.this second revolt would be a messianic movement.the Second Revolt was so great, in fact, that even Samaritans and pagans joined in the fighting. However, there was one Jewish sect that refused to join: an obstinate sect known as the Christians.
The Christians, a majority of whom were ethnically Jewish, were pressed to join the revolt, but they refused. To accept bar Kokhba as messiah, as Akiva insisted, would have been nothing short of apostasy; and because of their refusal to do so, Christians were treated by the Jews not only as heretics but traitors as well.
Akiva was also instrumental in the rejection and replacement of the Greek Septuagint.Even more important for our discussion, Akiva also is instrumental in rejecting the New Testament and the deuterocanon. Akiva states,
*The Gospels and heretical books do not defile the hands. The books of ben Sira and all other books written from then on, do not defile the hands* . (Tosefta Yadayim 2:13)
Why did Rabbi Akiva pair the rejection of the Gospels with the rejection of the deuterocanon? Akiva ’s decree suggests that there must have been a sizable percentage of Jewish Christians in Judea during this time (c. A.D. 132) who held the deuterocanon to be sacred along with the Gospels and the New Testament. It also shows that either some Jews may have already accepted some of these books or that there was a danger that they might be accepted in the future. Therefore, a decision was needed.
Jewish scholar Louis Ginzberg poses that the reason Akiva repudiated the use of the Greek Septuagint and the deuterocanon was
the desire to disarm Christians-especially Jewish Christians-who drew their “proofs” from the Apocrypha, must also be attributed his wish to emancipate the Jews of the Dispersion from the domination of the Septuagint, the errors and inaccuracies in which frequently distorted the true meaning of Scripture, and were even used as arguments against the Jews by the Christians.
It is understandable that Jews who do not accept that they crucified the Messiah, the fulfillment of the Old Testament, avoid books with such prophecies, but why do Protestants/Pentecostals who believe that Christ is the Messiah adopt the argument of the Jews (Pharisees)⁉️
When the Protestants excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from bible❓
Martin Luther and deuterocanon
In the Heidelberg Disputation (AD1518) and Thesis -17 , thesis -35, Luther quotes from the book of wisdom, Sirach ( Deutero Canon) for his arguments.
Martin Luther debated with Catholic theologian Fr.Johann Eck in AD-1519 about the doctrine of purgatory... Luther's Arguments are Debunked... With that moment Luther took a stand the book of Maccabees was not part of the Canon ... (Jewish Canon was Right)
Luther who rejected the canon of Septuagint rejected classified Epistle to the Hebrews(as it teaches about the priesthood -Hebrew 13:17), James( as it teaches that there is a reward for man's good works, James 2:24) , Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, and the Revelation of John as disputed( The Book of Revelation It is not useful to understand Christ, it does not have the work of the Holy Spirit).
James 2:24 is the only verse in the Bible that uses the phrase “faith alone”-and it says that people are “justified by works and not by faith alone.” This is one reason why *Martin Luther wanted the epistle of James removed from the Bible* . Luther himself admitted that sola fide *contradicts* James-even claiming, “I do not regard it as the writing of an apostle.” In the pre-1530 version of his Preface to the Epistles of St. James, Luther held that James “is flatly against St. Paul and all the rest of Scripture in ascribing justification to works. . . . He mangles the scriptures and thereby opposes Paul and all Scripture.”
Luther then issued the following challenge: “To him who can make these two agree I will give my doctor’s cap, and I am willing to be called a fool.”
Thus, instead of adjusting his theology to fit Scripture, Luther’s solution was to *relegate the book of James to the canonical cheap seats* , declaring flatly in his Preface: “I will not have him in my Bible to be numbered among the true chief books.” Indeed, Luther’s advice was that they “ *should throw the epistle of James out of this school, for it doesn’t amount to much* ” And of course, Luther famously declared *James to be an “epistle of straw* ”
It is a wonder that Book of James is still in the Bible of Protestant believers who cut their feet according to the shoe.
Jews use the Masoretic text as their original scripture.
The Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete manuscript of the Masoretic Text.
(The oldest known complete copy, the Leningrad Codex, dates from the early 11th century).
Modern Protestant Bibles also use it as their source text.
*British Bible society* and
Robert Haldane (not Calvin or Zwingli or Luther) was responsible for removing 7 books from the Protestant Bible.
Under Haldane's leadership, in 1821, a protest began against the British Bible Society demanding that funds not be given to Bible societies that were printing the Deutero Canon. The resolution was passed in 1822, after 1825 they print Bible without deuterocanon...
which means that it has been only 200 years since Protestant churches started using the 66-book Bible.( It's all about the money... for the British Bible Society Cutting printing costs seemed more important than the Scriptures )
Some Protestants argues that the Catholic Church added the Deutero canon to the Bible at the Council of Trent. ‼️
If the deuterocanon was added to the Catholic Bible at the Council of Trent, how did they end up in the Protestant Bibles published before Trent?
(Most of These Bible's published Before the Council of Trent)
Doesn't it sound strange...‼️
Huldrch Zwingli published the Bible in German in 1531, Martin Luther in 1534(German), and John Calvin in 1560 (English)All these included 73 books. In AD -1611 the king James version of the Bible was released ... and it had 73 books. The 7 books of the Old Testament were included under the name Deuterocanon....Interestingly, many references were used from these for the New Testament. After AD-1885 the Deutero Canon books were removed from king James Bible...
" when the British and foreign Bible society undertook to provide the copy of the Bible, for presentation to king Edward VII at his coronation, in 1902, the archbishop of Canterbury (Frederick temple) ruled that a 'mutilated Bible'(one lacking of apocrypha) was unacceptable for the purpose, and as the society was prevented by its constitution from providing an 'unmutilated' edition, a suitable copy had to be produced at short notice from another source ".
F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, page 112
"As astonishing instance of the suppression of the apocryphal books is afforded by a work in two volumes published in 1844 entitled 'The LXX version of O.T. according to the Vatican text translated into English by sir L. C. L. Brenton Bart' with the exception of some of the additions to Esther, the removal of which would have caused (presumably) too great a laceration of the text, the apocrypha is wholly omitted, sub silentio it would appear that the translator was ignorant of the existence of such books in 'Vatican text' yet surely this was impossible". - William Heaford Daubney - The use of the apocrypha in the christian church (Cambridge university press) ,page -11
I suggest you 3 books, if you read them, your doubts on this subject will be cleared.
1: Why Catholic Bibles are Bigger
by Gary G Michuta
2:The Case for the Deuterocanon: Evidence and Arguments
by Gary G Michuta
3:The Formation of the Biblical Canon: 2 volumes
by Lee Martin McDonald
"to be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant" -
Cardinal John Henry Newman,
An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine,
introduction, part 5, 1845.
Are you guys (Protestants) creating new criteria for the bible..?
Quoting Jesus or the authors of the New Testament is the standard for holy Scripture?
New testament quote's directly from the majority of old testament books. The exceptions are *Joshua, judges, Ruth, 2 kings, 1&2 chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Ecclesiastics, song of Solomon, lamentations, Obadiah, Nahum and Zephaniah*
So are you(Protestants) going to remove these books form your Bible...
Jesus did quote from the Deuterocanon books.
Matt. 2:16 - Herod’s decree of slaying innocent children was prophesied in Wisdom 11:7 - slaying the holy innocents.
Matt. 7:16,20 - Jesus’ statement “you will know them by their fruits” follows Sirach 27:6 - the fruit discloses the cultivation.
Matt. 9:36 - the people were “like sheep without a shepherd” is same as Judith 11:19 - sheep without a shepherd.
Matt. 22:25; Mark 12:20; Luke 20:29 - Gospel writers refer to the canonicity of Tobit 3:8 and 7:11 regarding the seven brothers.
John 5:18 - Jesus claiming that God is His Father follows Wisdom 2:16.
Luke 21:24 - Jesus’ usage of “fall by the edge of the sword” follows Sirach 28:18.
Matthew 27:43 - He trusted in God; let him now deliver him if he will have him; for he said: I am the Son of God.
Wisdom 2:18- For if he be the true son of God, he will defend him, and will deliver him from the hands of his enemies.
(provides precisely what is missing in Psalm 22:8)
Hebrews 11:35 - Women received their dead raised to life again. But others were racked, not accepting deliverance, that they might find a better resurrection.
2 Maccabees 6:22-23, 30, 7:9, 7:14,
the Maccabean martyrs fulfill all three identifying traits listed in Hebrews 11:35 and the linguistic contacts of tympanizō and empaigmonwith Second Maccabees, there can be no doubt that Hebrews 11:35 is referencing the Maccabean martyrs asdescribed in the deuterocanonical book of Second Maccabees. Several early Protestant Bibles recognized this by placing a cross-reference to Second Maccabees for this passage.
Hebrews 1:3 shows a clear literary and linguistic dependence on Wisdom 7:26
The literary points of contact between Wisdom 7:26 and Hebrews 1:3 can be seen by comparing their respective contexts. For example, both texts address similar subject matter, namely the revelation of the Son, Who is the power and Wisdom of God (1Corinthians 1:24)
Why the Rabbinic Judaism excluded Deutero Canon(apocrypha) from Rabbinic Bible?
In A.D. 66, Jewish Zealots rose up in rebellion against the pagan Roman Empire. Not everybody was behind this revolt.The revolt took the Romans by surprise, and the Zealots won a few initial victories.
The Romans struck back and slowly began to take back Judea, eventually laying siege to the city of Jerusalem.Jerusalem was well fortified and well supplied. Under normal circumstances, it may have been able to bring the Roman counter-offensive to a stalemate. The Zealot leadership was not unified, however, and the Zealots broke into factions, fighting against each other and destroying each other’s food stores. Jerusalem quickly fell into a state of starvation.
It was during this turmoil that Rabban Yahanan ben Zakkai -ruler of the Sanhedrin and leading member of the Pharisees -escaped the city by being taken out in a coffin. Since Yahanan was against the revolt from the beginning, he was able to win favor with Vespasian,predicting that the Roman would eventually become emperor. He asked Vespasian for permission to allow him to set up a rabbinic school in the city of Jamnia (Yavne). Vespasian agreed. The Romans eventually breached the walls of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jerusalem temple. A few years later the revolt was finally crushed after the taking of the fortress at Masada .
The destruction of the temple was nothing short of cataclysmic. Without the temple, it would be impossible for Judaism to practice the faith as prescribed by the Mosaic Law. Moreover, the aftermath of the first revolt had serious ramifications for several sects within Judaism. The Zealots were wiped out by the Romans. The Qumran community was decimated by the Romans as well. Without the priesthood and the temple, the Sadducees became disenfranchised and disappeared from history. Only two Jewish sects survived the first revolt intact, and even a bit emboldened: the Christians(minims) and the Pharisees .
The Second Revolt began almost as soon as the first one had failed. The failure had taught the Jews a very valuable lesson. If the Second Revolt were to have any chance at success, it needed to be led by a single strong leader. That leader was Simon bar Kokhba (d. A.D. 135). Rabbi Akiva , the head of the school at Jamnia, proclaimed that bar Kokhba was the long-awaited messiah who would defeat the Romans and rebuild the temple.this second revolt would be a messianic movement.the Second Revolt was so great, in fact, that even Samaritans and pagans joined in the fighting. However, there was one Jewish sect that refused to join: an obstinate sect known as the Christians.
The Christians, a majority of whom were ethnically Jewish, were pressed to join the revolt, but they refused. To accept bar Kokhba as messiah, as Akiva insisted, would have been nothing short of apostasy; and because of their refusal to do so, Christians were treated by the Jews not only as heretics but traitors as well.
Akiva was also instrumental in the rejection and replacement of the Greek Septuagint.Even more important for our discussion, Akiva also is instrumental in rejecting the New Testament and the deuterocanon. Akiva states,
*The Gospels and heretical books do not defile the hands. The books of ben Sira and all other books written from then on, do not defile the hands* . (Tosefta Yadayim 2:13)
Why did Rabbi Akiva pair the rejection of the Gospels with the rejection of the deuterocanon? Akiva ’s decree suggests that there must have been a sizable percentage of Jewish Christians in Judea during this time (c. A.D. 132) who held the deuterocanon to be sacred along with the Gospels and the New Testament. It also shows that either some Jews may have already accepted some of these books or that there was a danger that they might be accepted in the future. Therefore, a decision was needed.
Jewish scholar Louis Ginzberg poses that the reason Akiva repudiated the use of the Greek Septuagint and the deuterocanon was
the desire to disarm Christians-especially Jewish Christians-who drew their “proofs” from the Apocrypha, must also be attributed his wish to emancipate the Jews of the Dispersion from the domination of the Septuagint, the errors and inaccuracies in which frequently distorted the true meaning of Scripture, and were even used as arguments against the Jews by the Christians.
It is understandable that Jews who do not accept that they crucified the Messiah, the fulfillment of the Old Testament, avoid books with such prophecies, but why do Protestants/Pentecostals who believe that Christ is the Messiah adopt the argument of the Jews (Pharisees)⁉️