What was Rome like after Alaric's Sack in 410 AD?
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- Опубліковано 19 тра 2024
- Rome’s best-preserved ancient church rose from the ashes of a brutal barbarian sack...
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Chapters:
0:00 The Sack of Rome
1:38 Theodosius and the Goths
2:51 Alaric
4:10 Reactions to the Sack
5:12 Through Eternity Tours
6:01 Christian Basilicas
7:49 The first popes
8:57 Santa Sabina
10:21 Things fall apart
The last time I was in Santa Sabina a small group of choral singers walked in, formed a circle, sang a gorgeous melodic song and then left. Magical.
That’s random
photo or didn't happen
and everyone clapped
that was the transfer of the demon spirit ceremony 👍
the visigoths just aren't what they used to be :(
You have made Roman history seem not so long ago yet so unfathomably long ago & made me love it more than before.
It is amazing any building has survived so long and is still being used for its original purpose.
lol. Ooo on o. Ok. O o
N
Without question, Santa Sabina and the adjacent enclosed park with orange trees and a view of the Tiber and Roma from the top of the Aventine, well, it's my favorite place in Rome. The purity of the basilica architecture takes one right back to the 5th Century. It's just wonderful! The only early Christian churches comparable are in Ravenna. Thanks for doing a piece on this cherished location in Rome!
Thank-you for this information. I think that the Palatine chapel in Palermo compares well with Ravenna, although smaller of course, but I haven’t had the opportunity yet to visit Santa Sabina. It’s helpful to learn it will be worthwhile.
Catholic, not christian.
@@JesusProtectsCatholics are Christians. They were Christian before Protestants, Baptist and Pentecostals existed.
@@JesusProtects there was no catholicism back then. Only the Chalcedonian creed.
@@JesusProtects catholicism is the largest branch of Christianity
The irony is that when Alaric first arrived outside Rome, he most likely wasn't intending to sack the city. As Garrett said in the video, his purpose was to hold Rome hostage to force the emperor's hand in negotiations. Alaric actually besieged Rome three times, and it was only after being refused every time that he frustratedly realized the stubborn emperor would never grant his requests and decided to sack it instead. So the sacking of Rome was really just a last resort, an afterthought
I think you are offering too much of a good light to the goths and Alaric. Alaric and his army sacked and plundered all throughout. Before invading the west, he had ravaged the eastern empire, including Piraeus, Corinth, Argos, and Sparta, sparing Athens because they paid a ransom. He was very opportunistic and knew he had the upperhand against the weakened western empire. Ariminum and other cities were sacked as he directed himself to the west. Each subsequent year, he'd besiege Rome with bolder and bolder requests, it was the third time they refused and got sacked. I think the disgrace was too great at that point. There was no way Rome could allow a viper into the nest. It was death either way.
@@maaz322 And each of these locations mentioned reeked of sour cheese for years to come.. Indeed, no one soon forgot a good sacking from Alaric "The Fermented", and his toxic nutbag!
Poor Alaric, he just wanted to be world's most powerful man
@@Laucron As opposed to the poor, eternally suffering Romans who did nothing wrong whatsoever? I'm sure the murdered wives and children of those Gothic federates would lament such hardship.
Alaric did nothing wrong when he sacked the city. The people of Rome got off lightly in 410 as compared to those they had screwed over duing the preceding centuries.
Recent fan of your channel.
Great work.
The Eastern Empire was removing stuff from Rome pretty regularly even at this time. It's credited with a good deal of the damage usually associated with the sack of Rome.
Shit on by the Greeks with the true eternal city ‼️ ΕΛΛΑΣ
They also stole stuff more widely including the serpent column from Delphi, which is still in Istanbul. I read a very good book called Rome: Empire of Plunder, which tells how material culture was stolen by Rome from Sicily and Carthage and put on public display.
@@Joanna-il2ur Indeed, certainly the late Republican period and the history of the Roman people more generally is one of plunder on an industrial scale but also the destruction of material and social culture of many of the Societies they sought to subjugate. Dacia for example.
Man decided its time for some tears
The old Rome die and the Eternal Rome (the Catholic Rome) begins 🍷🗿.
@@lucasl3m0s it's beginning to die thoughever.
I had no idea Santa was a Mongol ?
@@MrViki60 doubtful
Im very pleased about your regular updates👍, please keep it up
It’s so nice now that I’ve finished listening to History of Rome podcast that I have some context for most of these videos. It really is wild how despite all of Rome’s wars that it went so many centuries without being sacked.
From what I've gathered it was due to the fact that Rome lay behind the biggest mountain range on the continent, behind the largest, most powerful, and most organised military on the planet, behind the best and most effective defensive systems in history
Perhaps the other civilisations that the Romans subdued weren't necessarily as barbaric as they claimed.
Caligula would have blushed...
Great content. Thanks for uploading!
An inspiring and very clear narrative. Thank you.
This was really good, as most of your other videos are. I enjoy them and look forward to more!
There's a local legend in my town that a mound called _Tartar's Mound_ on top one of the hills is the grave of Attila. It isn't, obviously, and a mound on top of a hill is hardly a state secret so I'm not sure where this legend emerged! Perhaps from Hungarian forces? Still, his tomb would be a sight to behold! I wonder if it'll ever be found.
Maybe it's the tomb of Attila, how do you know it isn't. He had his capital in what is now Hungary (or maybe nearby Romania?) and AFAIK nobody has bothered searching for the ruins. Until archeologists dig, we don't know anything.
Then of course it can be anything else, like Western Yamna burials (usually rich in gold with Ural platinum taint).
Hey, don’t be so quick to dismiss! Sometimes these rumors turn out to be based in fact.
For example, the ancient palace of Sargon II was forgotten about for almost 3000 years. By the 19th century, it looked like a mound of dirt, which a small village was built on top of.
The village was still called “Saraghoun” by the locals, even though they were totally unaware of it’s true history. This, combined with rumors of an ancient tomb underneath the village, eventually led archaeologists to find one of the best preserved Assyrian sites there
Best channel on UA-cam.
Alarics sack of Rome is the tipping point for its empire. The army was withdrawn from England, the expansion over the east side of the danube stopped, Egypt became semi independent, and ahortly after the empire split in 2 with capitals in Rome and consttantinople. And the start of the byzantine empire started to rise. This sack of Rome was the beginning of the end of the classic empire
This was fantastc! Thank you.
Thanks Garrett. In the couple of times that I was in Rome, I did not visit St. Sabina. Now I have another site to visit on my next trip and the context behind the building itself.
i love the art work you used in here
great interesting story as always!
The sack 😩 of Rome
I am still upset about Constantinople but I made peace with the western downfall.
I think alarics sack was a gothic sack not a roman one
Rome had it coming. Italy had just genocided it's German inhabitants.
Those nuts sacked rome..
Right in the sack.
It was quite a heavy sack.
I finally picked up your book: excellent!
Wonderful video as always! Although it has to be said that much of what we see today in the basilica (such as the windows, the chorus, the white walls) are a product of a restoration work made by Antonio Munõz, who also worked at Santa Maria in Cosmedin and other medieval churches in Rome.
that was interesting - I've been to Rome about 3 times but I've never discovered this fascinating looking area before. I feel another trip coming on.
I really enjoy hearing about Alerics sack
Bravo! Very enjoyable video!
Thank you@ wonderful!
I remember this like it was yesterday
3000 miles WEST of Rome?
Was looking for this comment
In itself, a relatively small error of scripting, but how did it get past editing? That is where a possibly understandable (the writer is rushed, maybe they have not had their coffee or one of a myriad of distraction) error becomes a significant error that makes one skeptical of other things claimed. Unless, of course, if the Huns were actually pre Columbian invaders who discovered Europe.😉
A purposeful error to check who is really listening...?
I walked past the Santa Sabina several times, I had no idea it was so old
great video!
Well Documented And Narrated
This is amazing, I love Roman history especially late Roman history. I always read and imagined histories about this event. But this is wow!
Very nice video
It’s amazing how many times I watch videos from this channel and say loudly “ohhhh that’s where it came from!?! I didn’t know that!” I seriously learn so much from this channel thank uuuu!!!
It's often revalatory when the penny drops. 💡
Very interesting!
Thank you
An interesting addition to this channel's videos would be credit/source of artwork used in each video. Some of the art is amazing in its own right, and an object of curiosity.
It's mostly 19th-century history painting.
Very interesting, could we have some more stories about the federates?
Initially misread the title as Santa Claus and the Sack of Rome 😳
There's a reason the air force keeps an eye on him now.
Talk about Bad Santa!
Lol Santa has a special sack for everywhere, I guess
@@jacobmckenzie3854 I guess we know how he can afford all those presents. The literal sack of Rome!
No you’re thinking of the grinch
Very interesting period in the history of Europe.
Can you put up your sources that you’re finding this info? (Books, articles, academic journals…etc.) im just curious to know more.
I'd say Alaric's sack was empty after that raid
Must have been squeezed hard as he died not long after, is that what you might call an anticlimax?
It was a heavy sack. Sweaty and sagging due to the summer heat. But when those visigoth nuts sack a city.. expect an explosive climax inside the walls.
"lol," said the Goth Scorpion. "lmao"
-Contemporary Roman Historian Dixitin Lapus
A lesson, strong citizens are always needed to defend and preserve the republic.
They had stronger slaves in Italy. 25 thousand German men who defected to Aleric; after Chancelor Olympias ordered a genocide of the german communities in Italy.
The sack had negligible effect. They were after portable wealth, which in fact Rome owed them. They had worked as Roman soldiers, but after stupidly killing Stilicho the Romans refused to pay them. The amount owing was less than would have paid for the praetorian games once. Alaric ordered his troops to harm nobody unless they resisted and not to attack women. He at one point came across soldiers threatening some nuns, and intervened. After three days they left, heading south, aiming for Africa, but Alaric caught fever and died. The stolen loot was never found and a myth arose that he had diverted a river, and was buried under it with the loot. Total crap, and I suspect it was nicked by senators to order.
Without a doubt, we have direct grain records showing the population of Rome plummeted from 800k to 500k. And, we have records from provinces across the empire collecting refugees from the city of Rome who left in fear.
The sack had an absolutely enormous effect on Italy's economy. And the related pillaging of the Italian peninsula by Alaric's forces can be tied directly to tax records showing the tax income of Italia dropped to 1/7 to 1/9 of the original value.
No doubt, Alaric's sack was the nail in the coffin for the Western Roman Empire. At that point, with trade networks falling apart and tax income plummeting, their ability to defend themselves quickly evaporated.
toldinstone did a video that in part discusses Alaric's lost tomb and treasure. It's called "5 Ancient Treasures Still Waiting to be Found."
The sack has a large effect beyond what is immediate. Rome no longer is the seat of wealth and power of the Roman Empire and when Belisarius got it back a few centuries later it was relegated to a backwater provincial capital...
It wasn’t just about the money.
Many Goths who served Rome joined Alaric after Honorius ordered a literal Genocide on all those Germanic soldiers wives and children.
@@TheLordRichard His brother had presided over a massacre of hundreds of Goths in Constantinople, forced into an Arian church and burnt to death, forcing the hands of the previously loyal Gainas and a further slaughter.
Haha, tell me more about Alaric 's sack !!
4:20 What about the sack of 390? I understand how it would still be shocking that Roma was sacked (again), but was it such a shock since it happened 20 years earlier?
I visited the church and was later informed the columns and capitals were likely from the imperial repository, so not spolia in this case.
bruh i love this channel but the new intro music is just the lick fr
Leo I: "Pwease don't sack Wome."
Attilla the Hun: "Okay."
Historian, 21st century CE: "It remains a mystery as to how he did it!"
I was under the impression that there was no proper sack of Rome, and in fact only one building was destroyed. Although that was from a now almost 20 year old book.
what is the shot at 3:27 from?
Oh man, it was a party like no other, you had to be there.
Is that a picture of "alaric's sack" at 0:33?
What literary sources do we have for the sack of Rome in 410?
The original wooden door survives from Roman times. That's amazing.
What’s the painting at 2:49?
The lick at 0:00
Plz ToldinStone, post more videos about the Christian (Catholic) Roman Empire!
AD in the title. Take this upvote!
That's quite a stepladder. I think the noose needs to be looser.
Like sacked😮
1:46 I think you mean “3000 miles EAST”!!
is Alaric's sack depicted in the Thumbnail?
Can we just imagine what civilzation would be like, had the Romans persisted throughout the centureies until modern day? Gosh, what a dream..
Well, for starters, there would be no university system as we know it, no modern hospital system, not to mention no J.S. Bach and no Isaac Newton. (These are all products of Christian Civilization, not Greek or Roman.)
The sack (lol) of Rome haha
Just curious, but why the rename of the video?
1:39 do you mean East? I figure 3,000 miles west of Rome would be in the middle of the Atlantic
The extent that Fritigern's Goths were defeated in the Balkans by Theodosius seems up to debate. At least some commentators found the treaty reached at the end AD 382 quite favorable to the Goths that had rebelled and defeated the Roman army at Adrianople. The treaty conceded Foederati status that apparently included a good degree of autonomy (allowing them to follow their own laws and traditions) on lands within the empire, concentrated around Thrace/Lower Danube.
Seems the orator Themistius may have indirectly conceded that the Goths could not be militarily defeated in an oration or two. From Wikipedia (not a fan, but accessible) some of the spin/propaganda on an not so great treaty:
"All that [military] ingenuity of ours has proved useless; only your [Theodosius'] advice and your judgment provided an invincible resistance and the victory you won through these inner resources of yours was finer than it would have been had you prevailed by arms. For you have not destroyed those who wronged us but appropriated them. "
Otherwise, Alaric's revolt in AD 395 was less than thirteen years after that agreement (granted various Goths twice fulfilled their commitments, in supporting Theodosius against usurpers in AD 388 and AD 394).
Its just a guess, but I think some romans may be involved in those fires in their OC.
Celestine I didn't send Saint Patrick to Ireland. He sent Palladius.
My name is Alaric!
This makes me feel, uh, not great about it
Bro you sound so much like Beige Frequency. You a UFC fan?😂
Sad to see
I thought this was about a different kind of sack.
Why is the conquering warrior naked? That doesn't seem very safe
They definitely weren't naked they were clothed
There's an apse for that.🙂
ROME WAS SACKED???? WHEN DID THIS HAPPEN?? 😱😱😱😱 Thoughts and prayers 😤🙏💯
Honorius may not have been [competent] but he was emperor for 30 years. If competence was not a necessary attribute for being emperor at that time, what was? Perhaps it was more important to the aristocracy to have a compliant emperor rather than a competent one.
You've answered your own question. Same reason why Poland went from being an empire to no longer existing. Greedy nobility unwilling to serve a proper king.
Honorius certainly lived longer than his brother Arcadius, who passed away in AD 408. But the empire encountered one unmitigated disaster after another, almost to the end of his reign, in AD 423 (the Vandals would invade North Africa afterwards, in AD 429, exposing the one last rich province in the west to devastation). He had to recognized Constantine III as a co-emperor from AD 409 - 411; and then was probably quite vulnerable to another general's actions, Constantius III (who was briefly a co-emperor in 421).
Some noted that Honorius was more successful in surviving usurpers than in fighting invading barbarians. The aristocracy in a number of places (not just Rome) probably got upended (thinking Gaul, if not Hispania).
I'm a bit surprised that they could mobilize such large armies before there was a newsmedia.. what motivated men to fight in those days? I suppose it was largely a matter of self-interest or what one heard through word of mouth.
Soldiers that survived their terms were promised land in addition to their pay. In an empire where only the very elite actually owned land, that was a very enticing offer.
Money, land, status, and the chance to move up in society, maybe even all the way to the top
Imagine just not understanding oration. Where do you think they got the idea to talk to people on tv?like it was a spontaneous event only once we got technology. Never underestimate what a series of rousing speeches can do. And did, for the 300K years of human existence so far
Loot mostly and that applied to the romans and most other armies to
Paradoxically, the Romans persecuted the first Christians and at the end of “impregnable” Rome (410), the barbarians spared the Christian temples and plundered the pagans.
That's the way God set It up, obviously
The leadership of a number of these invading groups, if not a large segment of supporters, were Christian already, or converted relatively soon after entering the empire.
I can never see a mention of St Augustine of Hippo without hearing his name being said by Homer Simpson. 🤦♂️
Detroit.
You really should set a date and all your followers could show up and reenact Alaric's sack of Rome.
1 - all the loot.
2 - all your fellow Roman historians gnashing their teeth and claiming, "I thought of it first! I did! "
3 - it might get you banned from Rome, but you can always come back with a larger group next time, and loot it again.
And then Saint Augustine was like: "Rome may have been sacked, our world may be crumbling all around us, and our civilization which has stood test of time for close to 1000 years may be on it's deathbed, but at least there's Jesus... And in these trying, desperate times, at least we can be certain that our present circumstance has nothing to do with the fact that we turned our backs on the traditional faith and values of the Roman people which had lead us to become the most powerful and glorious nation on the face of the Earth.... No siree!"
And then for the next 1000 years everyone was like: "That makes so much sense!"
Romans originally used to worship Mars, which used to be god similar to Yahweh. Then came Greek polytheism and Mars was syncretised to greek god Ares. By the third century rome was in Crisis and it nearly collapsed, by this time greek gods were out of fashion but christianity was not yet in. After introduction of Christianity eastern half of Roman empire lasted till 15th century, while the western half of the empire maintained Roman culture and learning even through the collapse.
Religion didn't end the empire. Citizens refused to serve in the military. They outsourced military service and that backfired in the long run.
What would you say about the Eastern Empire? Christianity was much more deep rooted in the east and the Byzantines lasted another 1000 years.
@@ne0nmancer they ultimately got consumed by Islam, very fitting given that without Christianity and the Byzantine Emperor ie God's Representative on Earth, there wouldn't have been a Caliphate.
Nascent Islam owes much to Byzantine Christianity.
You people have the stupidest takeaways. Oh yeah the Roman tradition... You know what was roman tradition? The republic, which had been dead for centuries, you know what was roman tradition? For soldiers to pay for their own military equipment, which also hadn't been a thing for centuries, roman tradition was hating kings, yet they made a new type of king their ruler.
I think it was horrible. Civilisation was set back a few centuries then in Rome. The barbarian horde only destroyed. Didn't bring anything new to Rome. I guess the people went back to sheep hurding and farming and neglected the magnificent culture of ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome lives on in the R.C. Church.
that would be an ecumenical matter
After his what!?
What Alaric did after sacking
He went south and raided southern italy
He lit a cigarette and took a piss
Dont do weak guys,stay strong
While it's a very interesting video, I don't feel it quite answered the question in the video title.
Watching the ancient world turn to Christianity must have been more depressing than watching it burn.
This video does not answer the question in the headline.
ask his uncle
Also, lessons, "...a large mercenary army that was hard to control...". Wagner Group.
3000 miles to the east, I think.
Visigoths were Rome’s ‘Wagner’ mercenaries