Actually , I must say, Shivaji was one of the few kings in India who was actually inspired by Krishna. Strong, brave, street smart and as a result, victorious. Krishna taught us practicality.He taught us, why we sometimes, also need to break rules, for winning. Rules and virtue, do not always win you a war. Planning, tactics and practicality, paired with bravery, do.
@@1212-m6b @12 12 no one's salty, the truth is Turks could only could "win" via fal se fl ag attacks, po iso ning Indian Kings and Queens, po iso ning Indian soldiers, wa r ani mals before the wa r and then dec laring wa r on indians, befrie nding and then cove rtly dest roying Indian weapons from within,
@@1212-m6b and then attacking at night when everyone was asleep like a kaa yar and also we produced loads of tra iitors within because in fa ir fights and bat tles Turk kaa yars were literally defe ated roy ally by Indian soldiers. Read real history and sho ve your fa k e pr iide up urs.
@@1212-m6b the only sa lty people here are u paaa akeees st aaneeees, u cannot handle facts. you paa a akee estaa aan eees suffer from severe St oc kh olm syn d r ome. Y'all act as if y'all were Turks, ur ance stors were Turks, when in reality, Turks are the ones who en s la ved the ance stors of you paaakeeees taaaaneees the ancestors of you paaa akeeee ssstaa aaneees,
@@suhasurubail3846 The most effective way to control and oppress a people is to deny and obliterate their understanding of their own history George Orwell Author 1984 The Islamic world indoctrinated with we are victims Kashmir palestine But ignore yemen, baluchistan, Syria, Libya were it muslims fighting muslims
Two famous battles in ASSAM can be a case study of how cavalry influenced battle outcomes.. 1) battle of ALABOI mughal vs assamese ahom Whole day ahoms fought from inside gaurd walls but lost patience and went out to fight by afternoon hence inviting onslaughter by mughal cavalry losing ten thousand men in an hours time 2) battle of SARAIGHAT Mughal vs assamese ahoms The battle took place in river brahmaputra where advancing mughals were ambushed by LACHIT BARPHUKAN in middle of river brahmaputra... Owing to inability to use cavalry on river water ahoms were able to crush mughals leading to final victory of ahoms in the conflict..
True Assamese community has a very bold and brave history which the rest of the nation is totally unaware of not only the ahom dynasty all the Assamese dynasties including chutias ,koches ,baro-bhuyans,motoks all have glorious history.
LACHIT BARPHUKAN, one of the greatest heroes of our country and sadly a huge number of our people have never heard of him. That is the real tragedy of India.
How about Kalinga and bengal war. Like choda ganga deva defeating Turkic dyanasty of Bengal and Gajapati dyansty defeating bahamanis, juanpur and bengal sultanate?
@@Abhishek-sr2pu actually the reason of mentioning about Assam's battle is because it was never under the rule of outsiders. It was always ruled by the indigenous dynasties of greater Assam. Mughals attacked 17 times but could never concurred it while the entire Indian region almost the entire region was ruled by the mughals and by other attackers. Assam,NE was always independent until the Assam Myanmar conflict and after the yandaboo treaty happened it came under British .
Abhijit is the bright star in the dark sky of Indian intellectual space! Excellent analysis guys!!! 1. Turks came to India and removed ossified heads which could not defend themselves! 2. Islam gave a religious boost to their barbaric culture. 3. If Hindus continue to be divided in caste and regions the same old fate befalls us. 4. It's okay if we do not have clarity about ourselves but we should have clarity about our enemies. 5. Great kings who gave nightmares to invaders are Krishnadevaraya, Shivaji, Ranajit Singh. 6. अयोध्या तो बस झांकी है... काशी-मथुरा बाकी है !! जय श्रीराम🙏🙏🙏
Brahmins kept knowledge upto them they didn't let scientific knowledge translated into reagonal languages .. just like king Alfred did in England in 9th century and replaced English in the language of church replacing latin .. rajputs and kshtriyas kept army with them ..
Regarding the native horse breeds of India: The native Indian (i.e. suitable to India) breed of horse was developed from the mixing of various breeds in the 17th century and not in the 19th century. This breed was called Bhimthadi (भीमथडी तट्ट), and was bred along the banks of the Bhima river, hence the name. It was a relatively small breed. This breed became instrumental in the rapid expansion of the Marathas. However, this development came too late, as by that time the warfare in the West had already shifted to line infantry.
@@Iyervval We had the Kathiawari Horse in Saurashtra since 1000+ years ago. Likely developed from local equids mixed with Mongolian or Arab breeds. Possibly west India is an exception but back in the day nearly everyone had a horse even if old or weak.
@@ravodedra2226 ..yes I have read that even Mahmud used to fear the Indian heavy cavalry armed with iron broadswords....only thing we couldn't replicate was the hit n run horse archers
@@ravodedra2226 Kathiawaris are not developed from Arabs my friend, the are a very distinct breed native to the region of Saurashtra. The kuchh region on other hand has the Kachii breed which is also called Sindhi breed. These breeds have been present in India for centuries and are very distinct in their look and behaviour. There is no mention of any horse import in India as debated in this video. It’s absolutely rubbish argument that Turks had better horses.
@@Iyervval This argument make no sense at all as there is absolutely no mention of horse imports in India. This is a botched up concept to support Aryan invasion theory. Horse culture in India goes back to almost 6000 years maybe even older than that. Bimbetka cave paintings too show domestication of horses, probably the only Neolithic cave painting depicting domestication of horses. Moreover there are very distinct Indian horse breeds Namely the Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis which are very unique in their appearance and nature. Whereas the central Asian breeds only have the Akal Teke found in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. So your theory of Turks having better horses don’t fit in, as Indian cavalry was far superior which even happened to defeat the Arabs in 7th century. And in medieval India Rajput, Maratha and Sikh cavalry was unmatched. All these wouldn’t have been possible without indigenous horses and horse breeds. Turks won because of lack of organised resistance in North India and lack of preemptive attitude to capture the Passes of Hindu Kush from where the invasions happened. The Sikhs took over these passes and stopped all invasions, as the launch pads into the the subcontinent was in their control. And if Turk victories were so significant why they weren’t able to convert the Indian population to Islam, the answer to that is it want really a clean sweep as you mentioned. Rather the Turks only had control over Delhi with absolutely no approach to sea. That’s also the reason they had very little impact on the economy as-well. And furthermore they were continuously being challenged by the Hindus and also by their fellow Turks. That’s the reality of the Turks in India before the arrival of the Mughals, who did make some significant gains.
Summary of this podcast: 1) Bharatiyas had high inferiority complex. 2) Bharatiyas had high caste and language problems which played major role for invaders to invade and rule. 3) Bharatiyas were not able to comment on " Substance and salience". 4) Bharatiyas because of inferiority complex, had bad war tactics which were not suited to them. 5) Bharatiyas did not learn lessons from the victory or from the defeat, which would enable them to prepare fr future. 6) Bharatiyas did not do proper study on foreign kingdoms war tactics, architecture, literature etc, which played a major role in their defeat. The highlight is all these 6 points r still alive even today.
Relevant even today. We totally dismiss the military capabilities of China and call them paper tiger. We might be able to match them in army and air force, but their cyber warfare and artificial intelligence capabilities is far far ahead, and these are the deciding factors in today's warfare.
Such an enlightening talk, Abhi... Please write a book on this... Not only would this be useful for India, but it would serve as a valuable lesson, a case study for many countries out there...
Coming from the left over here (actually centre left) . I have to say this podcast is slightly and culturally right winging but man........ ...... there is so much more nuance to this stuff👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌. Kudos Abhijeet sir and Kushal.
@Chota Pandit Certainly culturally . The economic businesses model of the left doesn't make sense most of the time. Like they mentioned in the Podcast ☝️☝️. The pathetic socialist governments we have been having have come of no help to us as a ....(what do they call it ..." Super Power"). I am more of a culturally left leaner actually a Libertarian . Not socialist and certainly not a Communist 😂. I come from the George Carlin school of "you can joke about anything and everything ,depends on how you structure the joke!" . Get it ?
Abhijit is doing such a good job popularizing, analyzing and debating our history. Meanwhile, the so-called historians who are supposed to be doing this are busy whitewashing it.
My summary (37:49 to 1:01:14): 1) Invading soldiers had horses. Which lead to a psychological defeat initially (even though infantry could defeat cavalry if they were brave enough, and didn't panic). 2) This lead to "Get horses (from abroad)!!! We are losing because we don't have horses!!! We need horses in order to win!!!". 3) Now horses are not commonly available, horses are special! Abandon all previous strategies! (which we were good at!) 4) "I am superior to you because I happen to be born into an 'upper caste' family! Hence I shall sit on a horse, while you filthy people will fight on foot! Hahaha I am so good!" 5) Because of this, selection based on merit goes out of the window! 6) Which is why we lost. * Surprised Pikachu face * Britain vs France wars had a similar scenario. The French had many meadows, thus, abundant horses. It was the British infantry vs the French cavalry, BUT, the Brits won! Because: no inferiority complex, good tactics, bravery.
@@natalkumar6132 Nah they were insanely strong. The norman/viking class of europe recognised the seljuks Turks for example as being the toughest warriors they ever faced. Even the arab accounts of the Turks recognised them as having the strength of lions. Being intelligent isnt enough to build empires back then, you need the actual combat strengh to do it. Now its different with technology, any weakling can fire a gun or fly a fighter jet.
AIM seems to know a lot about everything & after a point you stop caring whether he really does because it's so damn entertaining. And Kushal, one of the best podcasts I've heard in recent times (from Spotify) - love your content of late , Talgeri to this... General Education ka naam Roushan kar diya!
How ones wishes that such types of podcast were available during 80s for civil services exam! Studying history would have been so easy after watching such podcasts! Anyway, Abhijit is a genius; he is really a jack and the master of all topics !
@@sauravu agreed the Turkic were gun powder empires The dumbarse is using the horse basis of Aryan invasion onto thousands years later Turkic conquests
1. Disunity among Hindu Kings, caste discrimination outside and inside of even similar castes 2. Absolute ahimsa propagation among jain and buddhist kingdoms 3.Code and conduct of war. 4. Age old weapons and strategies. 5. Very importantly hindu kings blind belief that the muslim counterparts would treat with dignity when they get defeated.
Inferiority complex, meekness, timidity, getting easily sold out, slave mindset and no nationalism structured on a single language, race or culture.. ... Physique and intellectual strength also plays a very important role Only religion and caste thrived well as a personal satisfier.
@@sauravu yeah ...I know .... But musket is a much later invention .... You are right on Ghenghis Khan learning it from Chinese. ..but I don't understand where is Iyer wrong ?
@@sauravu bhau .... Elephants performed well against Alaxender,s Spanixx infantry with long spears .... But elephants paniked on canon fire and loud noises ... Ganghis Khan ki poori biography padhi hai bhai maine .... Bas bombs padha hai usmain entire mongol history by bestselling author Iggulden. Iyer galat nahi bol raha hai .... Canon and trebuches defeated Hindu kings and their durgs ... From Turkic mongol hordes ..
@@sauravu I ofcourse disagree with. his solution that India can not produce a LCA and hence stop trying to produce it the horse analogy doesn't work ....because by Baji Raos Time we adopted to Turkic style of warfare .... once the Indian kings adapted to gun powder by. the time of Mughals they had to adopt to appeasement policies as opposed to annihilation of the Delhi Sultanet
@@sauravu so my feeling is the same .... Although sucess at one socio political enviornment doesn't determine sucess at other socio political enviornment but it surely can be said with confidence that if ISRO can send a Mars Rover ...DRDO surely can make a Tejas to be a world beater and the fact that we haven't done is not because of Human Resource problem but a very small problem of socio political reality in that microcosom of DRDO.
@@sauravu nuthin is diff and then you go on to state the diff .... Logical consistency to rakh lo 6 line may bhai ...phir aap kehte ho aapne Silicon Valley fateh kar liya :-)
Humare bachpan ke years and years ka bookish history gyan presented chronologically within an hr in a concise and fathomable format. This guy should take up part time professorship during his retirement years to the benifit of our later generations. That is provided the sar tan se juda bridge get to him 1st.
As an Iranian/Afghan Pakistani i love Hindustan and i think Hindustan is one of the few greatest countries/civilizations in the world and we all have a glorious past and which we should celebrate and look out for each other
There should be unity with afghanistan, pakistan, bangladesh, nepal, sri lanka, myanmar, india,iran and bhutan to fight against western as well as communist hegemony(china) in our south asian region. This unity shouldn't be based on religion but on our common ancestry and on cultural aspects which we shared from thousand of years ago.
@@shivamsingh-mt6dr that will never happen Afghanistan Pakistan Bangladesh is islamized they dont like idol worshiping hindus they hate them so you can say that idea good bye nepal and bhutan can unite thou religion play major role in unification not common ancestry modern day pakistani and bangladeshi People reject their hindu ancestry for arab and turkish
@@shivamsingh-mt6dr yes even I do think about it.. because even if we see hindu population...its a highly genetically mixed community....hindus (specially jatts,gujjars,rajputs,chalukyas,marathas)shares common ancestory from central asia ....from 1100 BC only the central asian ,west asian population migration started in the pre abrahamic age ( the shakas,hunas,kushanas,parthavas,gurjars were all central and west asian tribes who later came to be known as turko mongols)...before 1500 BC we had vedic people who shared lineage with Iranian zoroastrians and mesopotamian....If you listen tamil many tamil root words are actually similar to hebrew and pre semetic west asian languages...so definitely there are moments when there were no borders ..because there was no concept of monotheism.....most of the people were nature worshippers or had atleast inclusive sense of religion...they were not fanatic about one god ,one book , one race in pre abrahamic age...
@@pringlesempire6953 That can happen when monotheism as a notion will die....I think henotheism or monistic as well as polytheistic cultures are more inclusive when it comes to mutual respect....when there is a multipolar world order...automatic sense of mutual respect comes for coexistence...but when the world becomes unipolar or bipolar , cultural hegemony and sense of supremacy develops
Regarding Ch. Shivaji's letter to the Badshah: Kushal is right. It was a part of his strategy. If you read the letter to his half-brother in Marathi, his official court biography in Sanskrit and his own son's Ch. Sambhaji's thoughts on his father, you get a very different picture of his views on other religions.
@जय शिवशंभो Jai Shivshambho Shivabharata mentions him pulling down mosques in Kalyan and Bhivandi. In Goa, he asked Portuguese missionaries who were troubling the local if they themselves could convert to Hinduism. When they refused he had them killed. शठे शाठ्यं समाचरेत् ।
@@kshatrapavan Afaik, the mosque destruction is pretty early in his reign. His Sabhasad Bakhar mentions the state grants given to mosques, Khafi Khan says that he treated Muslims with respect, and both Bernier and Sabhasad Bakhar make reference to him protecting the missionary father Ambrose during Shivaji's raid of Surat. But he never backed down when Hindus themselves were harmed by the activities of another religion (your example of the Padres, and Cosmo De Guarda's description of him destroying mosques because because enemy general had destroyed temples.)
@Ketan Kulkarni In hindsight, Marathas should have first focused on conquering Peninsular India (freeing Goa, Hyderabad and Arcot) before marching north.
You don't have to go to Bahadur Shah Zafar to find Indian features in Mughal emperors. Shahjahan for example was 3/4th Indian (his mother being a Rajput and his father being half rajput). Although Abhijit is right that by the last Mughal emperor they were dark as other Indians.
@cheap thrills Rajputs married off their women to mughals to avoid conflict. It's well known fact. Read book "Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions" by Dr. Soma Mukherjee. She's graduate of Banaras Hindu University. Entire Rajput families and clans got converted to Islam after coming in contact with Mughals and other invaders (eg. Bhuttos, Samma, Soomro, etc.)
@@swapnilrb7370 This is absolutely BS. They didn't married their daughters to any random guy. Only a few Rajput houses had matrimonial alliances with the Mughals. Just like the Marathas in Deccan had with the Deccan Sultanates. Even Rajput rulers and princes also married Mughal princesses. Those matrimonial alliances existed because of various complex reasons. Otherwise, most of the Rajputs practiced endogamy and maintained their purity by not marrying with any non-Rajput and foriegn ruling dynasty. These mentioned Rajput clans which converted (although not all of their people) in today's Pakistani Punjab and Sindh, which mostly got overrun by Peaceful invaders after the 10-11th century. Their conversions took place via Sufis and gradually under other circumstances. Most of the Malkana Rajput Muslims reverted back to Hinduism in the 19th-20th century. Thanks to the Arya Samajis.
The lovely thing about listening to Abhijit Iyer is that he is enormous amount of research talks with facts unlike some "experts" who talk gossips heard in dinner tables!
I think more than horses, fascination with elephant was the reason why Indian kings got defeated. Elephant was a status symbol and more elephant ypu had in mediaeval india, more status you would get even though it might bankrupt you and go totally useless in the modern warfare. May be at the time of Alexander, elephant was useful because at that time warfare technology was 1000years older than turk period.
Shivaji innovated battle techniques against the vast mughal army by introducing guerrilla warfare. He also introduced bluewater navy which under Kanhoji Angre, could actually tackle the enemy in rivers and high sea.
Indian Chola Empire had much bigger blue water navy 1000 years before Shivaji , Cholas were the first Indian empire to conquer foreign lands of entire South East Asia Malaysia , Singapore, Cambodia, Indonesia etc
@@georgedsouza1132 You also have to see how capable were the Chola's enemies. If you are already a stronger, established power, then defeating a weaker enemy doe's really add much to your glory. A handful of farming, working class people from Deccan plateau coming together under leadership of one teenage boy (shivaji) and challenge mighty Bahamani Sultanates (later became AdilShahi, Kutb Shahi, etc.) and later the Mughals, is something to be taken seriously.
Lol I see how you used "Indian" chola & not hindu chola empire. All indic people & their kings, be they hindu, jain, budhist would properly identify themselves as hindu/sanatani today because of the way meaning and context has changed. So use the word HInDU. Own it. It benifits our cause. Even if you are not "hindu" by "religion" always use word hindu when discussing history of our common ancestors.
@@rohitkothari3890 I am big admirer of Chathrapathi Shivaji maharaj, no doubt he is the only hindu king at that time who unified Indian people against invaders , during that time most of hindus lost confidence. But when it comes to blue water navy cholas were the boss , at that time when there were no engines in ship only Bravehearts can travel in deep ocean. Cholas had huge number of elephants and infantry but very less horses , this is the reason cholas din't came to plain lands of India when it was attacked by foreign forces who are equipped with more powerfull and fast horses.
@@swapnilrb7370 this same Indonesians defeated the most powerfull Mongol army at that time , As you know Mongol army was the hardest ferocious fighters at that time , so don't consider any body weak😂 same mistake committed by Indian kings at that time and paid the price later , check how many times gazni attacked , I agree people were more divided and superstitions at peak , but its is kings job to unify the people.
Yes, when u tell the so called hindutva people about past mistakes, they start getting defensive instead of learning. I understand that in open circles, but even within their closed groups they do that.
In the battle of Haifa the Indian cavalry regiments defeated the Ottoman and German units who had guns and canons, so it's not completely true that it became irrelevant. Haifa seems to me to be the pivot point of the defeat of Ottomans. I believe the battle analysis that has been mentioned here is a bit simplistic though very thorough in many ways, and many other factors play a vital role leading to the outcome. The point which I actually could take away from this discussion is that, it seems that the Indians never institutionalized the knowledge in theory and practice which though is not a guarantee of winning a war but increases its probability. Also, to me the other thing to note is that during those times there is a corruption of the idea of Karma and how it affects human life and there is a lack of personal integrity as the fundamental understanding of concepts on which the society is based is weak. As far as personalized astrology is concerned it is the western scholarship which tends to promote and establish the idea it came from the Greeks. There is no significant evidence for that and there are significant arguments as to why it started in India much before. To divide space into 12 divisions and 108 degrees in Navamsha (D9 Chart) itself has roots in the 12 spokes of wheel as signified in the Vedas and the understanding in Yoga that one complete life cycle happens with 108 cycles of the moon. But it's an elaborate discussion. Also, a very significant part of the Indian astrology is the cyclical time which is well established in India before the Greeks.
Lol. If they wouldn't have mentioned Shivaji's name in this show, would that make Shivaji's contribution any lesser? They didn't mention Harihara-Bukka Raya or Gorkha kings in North East India. They were arguably and possibly more victorious and had built their empires from scratch even in unsuitable circumstances. या दोघांनी शिवाजीचं नाव घेतलं म्हणून अभिमान वाटून घेऊ नका. शिवाजीने सत्कर्म केलेत म्हणून अभिमान बाळगा.
I’d highly recommend A Boleman’s ‘Yalgaar’ probably the best account of the battle of Pratapgad, when Shivaji out thought, outfought, and finally slaughtered Afzhal Khan in hand to hand combat, decimating his army of over 35,000
We don't learn from mistakes because we don't even know that we made them. This is how not transmitting information over generations, impacts us. That.....or some people are too stubborn to learn.
My favourite King is Sri Krishna Devaraya. He stalled the advances of five Muslim Nawabs at the same time and prevented the Islamization of South India, he expanded his kingdom far and wide, farther and wider than people realize, he was both kind and cruel when the need be, jovial and ruthless, constructed temples and kept Hinduism thriving, and was an extraordinarily remarkable patron of the arts and literature, and was quite a writer himself, even as he was strong willed and able bodied, and was just and immensely loved by the people who were safe and prospered under his rule. 💯 / 💯
I have stopped listening to AIM, he is all about anti India, criticism is one thing but only picking negative is what communist do.. the horse is a bullshit, not only AHOMS, even Marathas defeated Mughals but on local breed of horses nothing to do with cannons and central Asian horses which AIM has glorified in his other video. Marathas/ AHOMS defeated these invaders because they realised that they are invaders and simply decided to fight for their country.
@@vidyalaxmi466 Marathi kingdom was the main religion ... Odisa was less develop in that time... Odisa was full of tribal people so they don’t involved in political as a result they bacame poor
@@vidyalaxmi466 Maratha was the selfish administrations where they allow Portuguese to enter and develop but they they forget to developed jharkhand and Odisa
First of all I want to thank you both for entertaining, informative analysis of our Itihasa which no one else as I know has analyzed from this perspective. I hope you write books which are based on well researched data for posterity of coming generation. Our leaders since 1947 has not paid attention to this and have not modified our history books. I am 74+years and don’t know all this history because what we were fed was memorizing dates that did not interest me. We are grateful for your public service. May you both live long and pursue this service. 🙏🙏🙏
Most of the soldiers and the armies were inherited from Nadir Shah of persia. Afghans main victory because alliance with Rohillas, nawab of bengal and mughals.
The biggest reason was perhaps fanatical strengthning of the caste system during the last few centuries which meant that armies got smaller (as only about 5% of the population-kshatriyas were allowed to be armed). Its also a big reason why indian kings rarely went out of india. Compared to that in europe almost entire socieities were mobilised by war using feudalism and through religon in middle east.
36:02 Abhijit is using the term turkish and turkic interchangeably in this podcast Both are actually different, Turkish is used specifically for the people of modern day Turkey (Anatolian turks)
@@Iyervval Also Sir your pronunciation of Afghanistan, Ghori, Ghazi and other GH words is wrong. It is not घोरी घज़नी अफ़घानिस्तान In urdu and other west Asian languages, GH is pronounced as "ग़" i.e. ग with a nukta! So the correct pronunciation is ग़ोरी ग़ज़नी अफ़ग़ानिस्तान
@@ravodedra2226 yes hence Indians say afgaanistan, gori, gazni! We Indians say गोरी गजनी but no Indian says घोरी घजनी. I think Abhijit is genuinely mistaken about the pronunciation hence he puts too much focus on the घ part...you would understand if you're a regular viewer!
Abhijeet, with that killer line: " you see bahadur Shah and his son in their final years in Burma ... वो तो तेरे से भी काले हैं!" Probably woke Kushal up from his sleep 😂😂😂
@Ashish Bagade Well, it was memorable the way he just casually threw that observation into the discussion. Cracked Kushal up for sure. But no, I did get the rest of the discussion quite well, thank you.
@@Mira-gu6we nope turk were basically mongoloid when they came to india ( yellowish skin and almond eyes slant/smaller type) by the end they were maryying into india iran so became much darker and indian looking as in eyes ... tahts what he was saying...
@@nagarkotiprashant318 you are right.It bothers me when people think of modern Turkey when talking about medieval Turkic horsemen.The original Turks resembled the Mongols with varying caucasian admixture depending on location.
I think the battle tactics and the difference in mindset was not discussed . In the 1600s and the 1700s Marathas brought all the powers in India including the westerners to their knees first by infantry and then by sheer cavalry tactics. They didnt even have high quality cannons till Sadashivrao Bhau and later Mahadaji Shinde. The ruthlessness of the barbarina hordes might have played a huge role. Also where Indian warriors went to gloriously die in battle while the enemy warrior will do anything to win
Marathas themselves were conquered by the Delhi sultanate of Khilji and Tughlaq in the 1200s and 1300s. They then get dominated by the Bahmani sultans and then the Deccan sultanates of Bijapur and Ahmadnagar. Then the Mughals come. Then they rise but get stopped by Abdali.
@@syedahmed8650 You are a genius. Martha history started before Shivaji maharaj. We Indians are ignoramus not to have learnt it. Thx for brightening up.
@@syedahmed8650 😂😂😂 where did you learn history. Marathas didnt existed before shivaji in the late 1600 s. Then how could sultanates defeat them before they even exist.
If you wanted to win battles on the plains you needed gun powder weapons and horses for mobility. Its not either or. Abdali always came with horse men for cutting supply lines and for quick counter offensives.
You may call them abdali in a funny way. But horses were not only main reason. It was about nation who lived and fought to survive. A sedentary lifestyle made people weak at that time. If you are nomad your life from birth to death under threat. Your life can be saved only if you fight. Thats why in medeival times no one could beat Turks.
@@1212-m6bIndia was exceptionally weak even within settled civilizations. China, Persia, Rome were all far better in warfare and projected power outwards whereas Indians mostly lost to invaders.
Again making same mistake, if you honour him as God then at least do what he says, start thinking rationally instead of making everyone who tells you something that you dont know, as God. By calling someone else "MAHAAN" we Indians try to get rid of our responsibility of being patriot and Karma-yogi (that is to do our work sincerely so that we can serve our beloved nation).
@Avinash right, but problem is still there are many communist, secular are among us (hindus), and we r lacking physical training, resources, management skills, leadership, and strategic advantages.
Think on actual reality rather than on alternate one. Celebrate victories less, analyse losses more. This very attitude of unnecessary self glorification leads to fetishism and then to incompetence and lag in advancement.
As a Odia I felt proud when I heard about our victories over Turks.Only state in India whcih don't have Muslim king.We defeated Turks from Bengal and Andhrapradesh for 400 yrs.Only ruled indirectly by Sahajaha and Aurangzeb for 80 yrs.We were good in jungles,mountains and rivers and used it. We assisted Marathas against Bengal nawab.
The Hindu s continued to follow the ethics in war of the Mahabharata time with turks and arabs and faced defeat.The day Rana Pratap and Chatrapati Shivaji Mharaj adopted guerilla warfare .i.e. unscrouplessness which is necessary for outcome of war, the whole story changed on the same terrain and the exploits of Bhriguphukan at Assam defeating Mughals AND STOPPING THEIR WESTWARD MARCH is also a pointer.
@@sauravu That's not true at all. Vijayanagar empire was built on cannons, gunpowder and Horses. That was the reason it ruled for 300 years. They lost/disintegrated in the end because of their internal civil war.
THANK YOU SO MUCH TO BOTH OF YOU!! I've learn more on this podcast itself than my history syllabus ever could (the selective, imperialist, Marxist shit)! In addition to that, I've realised the significance of studying history. India needs to invest a lot more on Social Sciences now as we are in a Post-Colonial identity crisis. Problems of India have never been truly recognised and hence they continue to exist! THANK YOU AGAIN!
India has been always a divided society. Even today, Modi haters including aspiring PM Rahul Gandhi trying to get foreign support to get rid of Modi. Nothing changed in last 1200 years atleast.
Couldn't agree more. Just few days ago I saw a video of Indira Gandhi telling a foreign news lady that they should mind their own business and we Indians battle it out on our problem. Atleast she was brave enough to separate India from western orders. Even tho things like emergency came up because of her. She wasn't anyway perfect, but not outright poisonous as modern day congressis.
Mr. Abhijit have so good studies on the battles/wars in the past. He has so good analytical knowledge on how India was invaded. Elephants in arm forces was ineffective. When firearms innovated indian kings (fighters) did not have. Thanks.
My two choices for the kings would be Chandragupta and Harihara Bukka brothers who established Vijayanagar Empire. If I have to name two warriors rather than kings it would be Chandragupta and Baji Rao.
@jacob dsouza for me it is the musunuri prolaya nayaka and musunuri kapaya nayaka, and vema Reddy who made a kingdom from 1330 to 1370 in Andhra Pradesh who after the fall of Warangal have formed independent Hindu kingdom amidst tughlugs and gave inspiration for inspiration Vijaya Nagara empire to prosper.
@jacob dsouza what I wrote is after the fall of kakatiya empire, these nayakas fought under the central administration of king prataprudra, after the fall of prataprudra they again formed collation to defeat Turks, that is when musunuri clan again into prominence.
As per my knowledge, Emperor Dhanand was most underrated and falsely villianised emperor. Dhanand and Chanakya was rival. But that doesn't make Dhanand villain. See his contributions. He build big empire. Chandragupta actually inherited most of the empire from him. It is said that Andaman and Nicobar was actually first discovered and annexed in India by Chandragupta. Alexander never invaded In India because of fear of Dhanand. Alexander has army of 100000 soldiers and Dhanand army has 600000 soldiers. Puru or Porus was king of Sindh. And Ambhi was king of Taxila, They refused to be become part of Dhanand empire of Magadha. But Porus and Ambhi refused to be become part of Dhanand empire . In this way Porus and Ambhi can be termed as original proposer of Two Nation theory. How they defeat of Porus and Ambhi can be termed as defeat of India, when most of India was under Dhanand..? Alexander never dare to confront Dhanand and returned.? Then what is Dhanand fault? How Alexander is termed as victorious? And Porus is hero? I think Porus is overrated? Please someone explain me? May be I am wrong. I think we should look history in this way also. ,and do some original reasearch. Another aspect is Dhanand was devout Hindu from Ksatriya father and Sudra mother.
It these years Turks and Mongols horses trampled on whatever came in their way. Every boys in middle Asia was born as soldier in very harsh condition with superior militaristic discipline. Turkic old(Tengri) and new religion(İslam) was supporting militaristic discipline as well. Nomad people live intertwined with nature and that makes them very realistic. So, in cultural way, realism could easily win against mysticism.
Addendum wrt to the status of the horse. In early Greek/Roman other Indo-European religions, there are some equivalent horse-rituals and cognates with early rig-vedic religion. The difference is that it never takes the fetishist levels there that it does here, over time. While not as scarce as in India, horses were also relatively uncommon in Greece/Rome. Post the Chariot-era however, they adapted to infantry tactics. So just for context.. there were already seeds for horse-deification. Scarcity isn' the originating factor... just one of the more important ones. Even in Europe/Japan, horses were a class status thing.They were just moderated better, because of better practicality and less entrenchment.
@@southernlights1890 There is definitely some Aryans people. They were most probably not some Pontiac Steppe people but rather Armenian Farmers(or Iran-Armenia region)as per recent paper termed as Southern Arc in June, 2022. Their origins in rarest of rare case can be North West India but most probably that Armenian region only. The phenotype of Aryans were predominantly brown-Black color eyes, black hair and not Blonde-Blue eyed as propagated. The Northern Europeans who are blue eyed and blonde haired are descendants of the European Hunter Gatherer people who lived in Western end of steppe (Ukraine-Russia) who got Yamnya impact which led to their language rendered to a Indo-European language(German etc.) but genetics more or less remained the Hunter Gatherer types. The Armenian Farmers gave direct genetic impact only on Greeks through Anatolia in all of Europe. Rest of Europe are descendants of these European hunter gatherers called Corded Ware people. It explains how only Greeks and Romans are harbingers of civilization in Europe, rest of Europe Germany Britain etc. were primitive tribes untill contacted by Greco-Romans. Greco-Romans ruled over Europe for 1000+ years. The Northern European also gave rise to Nomadic horse rider group in Steppe eastwards which became Saka, Scythians etc. and later Turkic groups from Altai joined them. They kept on coming into Already Aryan Lands of India and Iran who got their language by settlements from Armenia( can be Iran or NW India in rare case). This explains how Greek-Persian-Indian civilization were almost in sync of development while rest of europe was primitive. The steppe horse riders also come from Northern European primitive stock. Rise of North and West europe only happened after 1000AD and is a rapid one like France, Britain, Spain and Germany but they have no civilizational foundation all that comes from Greeks and Romans.
@@cheltooktribefreethinker1028 Rawan was the son of a brahmin. Putting Ambedkar and Rawan together, u r insulting Ambedkar only. And no one here supports caste btw. And mahadev is the most casteless deity in Hinduism, don't know how u think.
I would have liked some slides to help register these chronologies and characters. I have heard Rajiv Malhotra ... the horse riders could stand on their stirrups and kill the elephants.
As a Turk, I watched your broadcast with interest. You explained your knowledge of the subjects very clearly and perfectly. The history and culture of India is really very interesting and rich. Unfortunately, the Mughal Empire and Turkish-Indian relations are not a field of interest in my own country, except for very few academics. However, there is a point that I get stuck with, as if you interpret it from a very western-centric perspective. I do not find it right to simplify the nomadic culture as barbaric and uncivilized. After all, I think of the western where you see civilized, the first and second world war holocaust happened,and Atomic Bomb,and Japan did things in Chine of course. Africa (Rwanda), the genocide of the indigenous people in America. Or what happened in Soviet Russia and Communist China. after all, who is more civilized and who is more barbaric? I think it's like you need to rethink. Note: By the way, the Ertugrul TV show is a series broadcast on the state channel in our country and is used by the current government (AKP) for propaganda. In general, the uneducated part of the society is watching. Thanks again for this informative video.
Yes. Sorry that was an unnecessary usage of civilisation & barbarism. I still can’t let go of my classical training... but point noted for future sessions
@@yavuz2638 They say that only 10 percent of the Turkic origin of central Asia are there in present day Turkey...which says most of the people who live in Turkey are not Turkish....Is it correct?
@@saiteja3437 It depends on what angle you look at... I am not a person who knows very well in genetic research, but even if you are not of turkish origin, it is enough if you speak turkish langauge and call yourself "turkish". If you live in a place like Minor Asia (Anatolia), which is the center of both Eastern Rome and many of the oldest countries in the world, it is natural that there is a genetic and cultural diversity here, and this is a richness. I have to say this at the beginning. Being turkish or turk,turkmen was never determined by identifying the genetic and physical criteria in turkey. Turkish immigration started to arrive in Anatolia for the first time between 700 and 800 and after 1071 it started to settle definitively. At that time, there were many different societies in Anatolia, Mainly Greek and Armenian. Byzantium, the continuation of Rome. For 1000 years, Turks spread all over Anatolia and mingled with other ethnic groups living there. Many states have been established. You already know the Ottoman Empire. At the end of 1000 years, a largely turkish-speaking nation emerged. This was the continuation of the multi-state empire. I want to reach that point again, Turk definition here. so it is always a top cultural and unifying identity in this republic of Turkey. Today the mother tongue of 85% of Turkey's anatolian turkish (Istanbul accent of the Oghuz dialect. Gagauz, Balkan,North Cyprus and Azerbaijan turks, other Oghuz dialect speakers ). And even at the end of 1000 years under the influence of many different cultures, you can see that quite a lot of turkic traditions in Central Asia still continue in the villages. And that makes the 10% thing an inadequate argument, if you're not an ethnic nationalist.
I remember our 8th standard NCERT History textbook depicting Razia Sultana like a Turkish princess who looks like the red-headed Turkish actress Ozcan Tekdemir because of which I had the impression Delhi Sultans were Turkish, it was only later on I realise from my own readings and internet searches that they were Turkic and not Turkish, Turkic people invaded Turkey, removed the Armenians from there and got mixed up with the Slavs and Anatolians living over there to form modern day Ottoman Turks! I had seen so many Indian diamonds in the Topkapi palace in Istanbul, wonder who and when they were looted from India and was it brought by pure business?
This and the warhorse video is all you need to understand last 2000 yrs of history on india, asia and world. This is unique gift of AIM and carvaka podcast. All those big channels with billions of budget cant show anything close to this. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏😍😍😍😍😍🙁
My favorite Indian king is Raja mihir... Despite being an outsider... Converted to Hinduism... N to save his kingdom from outsiders... Resorted to massive but necessary violence which an indigenous Hindu can never fathom!!! I think when some non hindu, in future, would revert to Hinduism n restore dharma given his stomach for befitting violence n gore!!!
You can read Jadunath Sarkar, AK Priolkar, RC Mazumdar(i guess), Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale, Rajwade, Bendre, Uday Kulkarni, Kasutubh Kasture, amd many more........guys there are good books written but they are not really story telling types. They are research based books from primary research. I am sure if you try to find you will find many more
Contrary to popular belief, Turk domination in India starts with the Hepthalite Turks, not with the Ghaznavids.Heptalitis was a branch of the Huns.Later, the Indian domination of the Turk military power such as gaznavid, delhi, mughal and ghurid continued.However, this was not an exaggeration for the Turks because the Turks ruled Iran for 1000 years. He entered and ruled Europe for 1300 years.Egyptian geography was under Turkic power for 800 years.
*This comment is going to be long but interesting.* 1. What the heck Iyer's talking..the horse existed in India in bulk & variety. Proof :- Visit Bhimbeteka Caves, M.P. The paintings in the caves are pre-historic to more than 40,000 years, variety of paintings depicting daily life and animals are also the horses not one or two but in abundance. Saying that horses were rare and fetishized or something is misleading. Yes, offcourse horses were the war engine of that times and were looked upto. The Great Mauryans ate Selucids. So, did the Mighty Gupta did to Huns and other lowly tribes (some were later purified&assimilated into Hindudom), so saying repeatedly of the low quality horses in India is horrendous. 2. Kushal Sir, the *title* of this podcast itself is faulty, subversive, and abuses our super-ancestors. I'm not a historian but an avid reader of Indian history because it *completes me as a Hindutvan.* We need to get this rot out of our system that Hindus (Hinduism) lost any wars to Mellecchas. No! This is a Civilizational war, losing few fronts/battles doesn't means losing entire war. A nation isn't considered lost untill and unless it has its indigenous faith, culture, values, and morality intact. The Slokas recited 5000 years ago are still recited in our nearby temples. Yes, Indians did recieve hurt & dents. India today is less than 50% of India 1400 years ago. But, even here the credit goes to the few good Hindutvan Kings. 👉Had The Hindua Suraj Maharajadiraj Prithviraj Chauhan The Great ate Mellecch Ghori in his first meetup, and not let him escape, Dhillika wouldn't have fallen! 👉Had The Great Hindupathi MahaVeer Shiromani Maharana HammirSingha ate Mohammad bin Tuglak after Battle of Singoli, the Thurk rule from Delhi would been cut short! 👉Had the brothers, officers, and petty local Hindu chieftains of the Bravest of the Brave, A Lion among men, AtiVeerVirath Hindusthani Mukut, DharmaRakshak MahaRathi Maharana HammirDeva of RanaSthambhPura, who had humiliated both J. Khilji & A. Khilji previously, did not defect to enemies camp, the Lion would never ever succumb to Kuttas! There are more such examples. Always, always, and always remember that the Mellecchs gained due to our petty quarrels ; *and, not because they were superior or something.* And, mind you, I haven't even spoke about the unparalleled valour of Amar Balidani Veer Virath Mewar Mukut Hindutva Suraj Adi-Shiromani Mahabali Mahaparakrami MahaPratapi-Maharana of House of Mewar! By saying Indians didn't win against Thurks is abysmal. *These thookiya Thurks were Rajputana's d0gs!* *Re-calibrate Indian history and we shalt reconquer the lost lands of Hindusthan!* 🙏🚩
My knowledge about this is limited. But Vijaynagar empire had to import a lot of horses from Central Asia which became a big weakness for them tactically. Marathas were more foresighted, thus started breeding their own horses but they still were not as capable as the central asian ones. Please enlighten
@@amoghavarshanripatunga A pothead spotted. 1. Are you sound enough to comprehend the above composition? Show me the sentence which made you conclude that I am "another Vishwaguru type!" 2. Where did I say that Mellecchs (Thurks) did not invade India? *Did you even read the full passage to understand the narrative?* Didn't I mention about Ghori, Tuglaq, and Khiljis? 3. Context is that Iyer and Kushal are projecting India as a horse deficient nation ; which is unadulterated pure Horseshiz. That's why I gave reference to Bhimbeteka...and the examples of the great Hindutvan Kings from the Gupta Dynasty till Mewar House under Veer Virath Mewar Mukut Hindua Suraj Maharana Pratap who did resist and defeated invaders conclusively! 3. Quit false equivalences. I insist you re-read the aforementioned passage & broaden your knowledge. Cheers 👍
@@ninadk30 The Vijaynagar Empire had to import horses from the Arabs. You're correct, the Empire did not breed horses well unlike the Marathas. The Vitthal Mandir Complex had dedicated bazaars for horse trade. *But, this is not the reason why the Empire collapsed.* Vijayanagar won dozens of battles against Bijapur and Bahamanis (I am sure they used horses on Battlefields). So, saying that poor quality of horses led the fall of V Empire is garbage. Vijayanagar fell due to treachery and over dependence on Muslim officers who defected to enemies camp during Battle of Talikota. Just the Muslim officers in Indian army, in 1947 defected to Papistan killing their own Commanding officers during Kashmir raids. No doubt that Central Asians and Arab horses were good...but, saying that India was horse deficient nation and India lost to Thurks is abhorrent. That's why I gave reference to Bhimbeteka cave drawings and unmatched unparalleled valor of Indian Kings.
I have come to Carvaka only recently and have watched this particular series with great interest. Re your response to the question of why we kept losing to foreign invaders from the NW. You suggest the caste system and consequent widespread endogamy was one important reason. That sounds like a plausible argument to me. But then I suddenly realized that Ashkenazi Jews are even more prone to endogamy than Indians are. That never stopped them from becoming superb businessmen for centuries. They were not allowed to join the military or navy in many European countries, but when they had to defend themselves in their new homeland, Israel, they have again come out ahead. So is endogamy really such an insurmountable problem? Indeed I am now considering the alternative view that its our enormous genetic diversity that may be a problem - because we find it hard to unify around a single cause. Even if that cause is defending ourselves against an invader. Interested in your views and those of your guest speaker, Abhijit.....
Well in the plains of north India the horses offered a key advantage of speed and out manuvering and surprising your enemies. Infantry just couldn’t match their speed.
Mahmud of ghazni used only a single tactic in all his battles.He would split his army into 4-5 divisions of horse archers and send them to harass the enemy army with hit and run tactics the whole,he would keep a final elite armoured lancer cavalry division in reserve.When the horse archers had demoralized and disorganized the enemy through whole day of archery barrage,he would charge the enemy centre with elite cavalry and break it.Muhammad ghori went head to head melee combat while outnumbered against rajputs at 1st tarain and lost.He learned and used the above tactics copied from mahmud during 2nd tarain and won.Another component of this tactic was to use groups of elite archers to target enemy commanders on elephants.Death of enemy commander could lead to enemy army rout.Jaichand and hemu were killed in this way.Turks generally avoided close combat until final stages of battle.
Good piece of information , same thing happened in Panipat war where Vishwasrao and Bhau we're targeted and some sardars like Jankoji Shinde as well ...
Yes and indians due to ego resulting from caste superiority of mostly kshatriya fighters, considered close combat more "honorable". They gave more importance to honor than winning. Use of elephants which were obsolete after horse Archery emerged was solely a status symbol as owning elephants showed the richness of the king.
@@ayushbh6839 India doesnt produce good horses,so they couldnt replace elephants.Magadha and the east had no real horses of good calibre.The south empires like vijaynagar and rastrakuta had to import thousands from arabs through ports on the west coast.Only rajasthan and areas have arid climate suited for horse breeding,rathores began to breed kathiawar horses here after relocating from the gangetic plains when they identified lack of good horses as their main weakness.In the deccan in 16th century deccan horse emrged which became a main factor in rise of marathas.Rajputs and marathas were greatly helped by the fact that they were the 2 peoples capable of breeding their own horses. Why was this horse quality a massive problem in middle ages and not in ancient ages like gupta or maurya?Because in middle ages horses through evolution got bigger and far better as warhorses and the effectiveness of cavalry increased multiple times due to invention of iron stirrups and saddle.This is primary reason behind the decline of magadha's military power from early medieval era as it relied on elephants and infantry mostly and imported horses.
@@ayushbh6839 They did.It wasnt enough.No medieval army anywhere in the world won against steppe horse archer hordes using infantry.Especially not in the open northern plains.Also turco mongol composite bow is superior to indian infantry bamboo longbow .Guptas defeated hunas using steel bows,but thats too costly for regional kingdoms unlike guptas who were incredibly wealthy.
Oh my god. Mind shattering, Mind blowing, Eye popping interaction 🙏🏻.. Mad respect, Abhijit Iyer Mitra ji. For breaking down these topics and making sure we don't get into dreams of being the greatest in everything. Instead focus on learning from all over the world 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻... Going to Podcast 2 and 3 now...🥂🔥
Superb talk and thanks. I would like to add a some more details. There was no need for Rajendra Chola to go north when Somnath was sacked. Paramara Bhoja of Ujjain had invaded Gujarat to destroy Mahmud when he learnt of sack of Somnath. Mahmud rather than fight ran away! And while he was fleeing, Govindraj Chauhan of Ajmer advanced from north to intercept him (which was why he chose desert route to avoid Chauhans). And previously to this, he tried twice to defeat Vidyadhara of Bundelkhand, but failed. It is a myth that Mahmud came to loot - fact is that he looted after he conquered territories in North India by defeating local rulers in battles.Yet he lost the lands he conquered because Indians back then were determined not to let Turks rule over them and in the end, drove Turks out of most of North India (except Punjab). Best thing I liked about this talk was that Abhijit busted this myth that we lost due to "horse factor". I think very few has grasped the fact that Indians lost because they failed to think innovatively and utilize what they had ingeniously.
Actually , I must say, Shivaji was one of the few kings in India who was actually inspired by Krishna. Strong, brave, street smart and as a result, victorious. Krishna taught us practicality.He taught us, why we sometimes, also need to break rules, for winning. Rules and virtue, do not always win you a war. Planning, tactics and practicality, paired with bravery, do.
Agreed. Most kings taking inspiration from Lord Ram wasn't a great idea when you have enemies like the turks..... Krishna it is.
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj *
I guess...all is fair in love and war 😀😄 🙌 🚩🙏 🇮🇳
But war cry was "Har Har Mahadev". And he named his son as "Shambhu"
True
warning: Pakistani guy may listening to this podcast 200 times but still won't get an ancestry relation of Pakistan to turkey
I see a lot of salty people who can't accept that their land and nation was ruled by Turkic muslims for 700-800 years.
@Bhadwa Modi many Turks, central Asian Muslims, Persian Arabs never married local Indian women.
@@1212-m6b @12 12 no one's salty, the truth is Turks could only could "win" via fal se fl ag attacks, po iso ning Indian Kings and Queens, po iso ning Indian soldiers, wa r ani mals before the wa r and then dec laring wa r on indians, befrie nding and then cove rtly dest roying Indian weapons from within,
@@1212-m6b and then attacking at night when everyone was asleep like a kaa yar and also we produced loads of tra iitors within because in fa ir fights and bat tles Turk kaa yars were literally defe ated roy ally by Indian soldiers. Read real history and sho ve your fa k e pr iide up urs.
@@1212-m6b the only sa lty people here are u paaa akeees st aaneeees, u cannot handle facts. you paa a akee estaa aan eees suffer from severe St oc kh olm syn d r ome. Y'all act as if y'all were Turks, ur ance stors were Turks, when in reality, Turks are the ones who en s la ved the ance stors of you paaakeeees taaaaneees the ancestors of you paaa akeeee ssstaa aaneees,
One of the most decisive talks i have seen on this.
If you dont know why your history happened to you, chances are you are still living through it.
"If you don't know why your history happened to you, chances are you are still living through it." Best comment I've read all day.
The most effective way to control and oppress a people is to deny and obliterate their understanding of their own history
George Orwell
Author
1984
Until the Lion can write his own history the hunter would always be glorified
African proverb
History is important.. not required to lead a full life.. the more you forget the better is my opinion
@@suhasurubail3846
The most effective way to control and oppress a people is to deny and obliterate their understanding of their own history
George Orwell
Author 1984
The Islamic world indoctrinated with we are victims Kashmir palestine
But ignore yemen, baluchistan, Syria, Libya were it muslims fighting muslims
Two famous battles in ASSAM can be a case study of how cavalry influenced battle outcomes..
1) battle of ALABOI mughal vs assamese ahom
Whole day ahoms fought from inside gaurd walls but lost patience and went out to fight by afternoon hence inviting onslaughter by mughal cavalry losing ten thousand men in an hours time
2) battle of SARAIGHAT
Mughal vs assamese ahoms
The battle took place in river brahmaputra where advancing mughals were ambushed by LACHIT BARPHUKAN in middle of river brahmaputra... Owing to inability to use cavalry on river water ahoms were able to crush mughals leading to final victory of ahoms in the conflict..
ahom defeated all 17 mughal expeditions
True Assamese community has a very bold and brave history which the rest of the nation is totally unaware of not only the ahom dynasty all the Assamese dynasties including chutias ,koches ,baro-bhuyans,motoks all have glorious history.
LACHIT BARPHUKAN, one of the greatest heroes of our country and sadly a huge number of our people have never heard of him. That is the real tragedy of India.
How about Kalinga and bengal war. Like choda ganga deva defeating Turkic dyanasty of Bengal and Gajapati dyansty defeating bahamanis, juanpur and bengal sultanate?
@@Abhishek-sr2pu actually the reason of mentioning about Assam's battle is because it was never under the rule of outsiders. It was always ruled by the indigenous dynasties of greater Assam. Mughals attacked 17 times but could never concurred it while the entire Indian region almost the entire region was ruled by the mughals and by other attackers. Assam,NE was always independent until the Assam Myanmar conflict and after the yandaboo treaty happened it came under British .
Abhijit is the bright star in the dark sky of Indian intellectual space! Excellent analysis guys!!!
1. Turks came to India and removed ossified heads which could not defend themselves! 2. Islam gave a religious boost to their barbaric culture. 3. If Hindus continue to be divided in caste and regions the same old fate befalls us. 4. It's okay if we do not have clarity about ourselves but we should have clarity about our enemies. 5. Great kings who gave nightmares to invaders are Krishnadevaraya, Shivaji, Ranajit Singh. 6. अयोध्या तो बस झांकी है... काशी-मथुरा बाकी है !!
जय श्रीराम🙏🙏🙏
Exactly!
Brahmins kept knowledge upto them they didn't let scientific knowledge translated into reagonal languages .. just like king Alfred did in England in 9th century and replaced English in the language of church replacing latin .. rajputs and kshtriyas kept army with them ..
@@akshitdadhwalyou are wrong! Many writings in South was not by Brahmins!
Not many takers to learn stuff as well!
Regarding the native horse breeds of India:
The native Indian (i.e. suitable to India) breed of horse was developed from the mixing of various breeds in the 17th century and not in the 19th century. This breed was called Bhimthadi (भीमथडी तट्ट), and was bred along the banks of the Bhima river, hence the name. It was a relatively small breed. This breed became instrumental in the rapid expansion of the Marathas. However, this development came too late, as by that time the warfare in the West had already shifted to line infantry.
Ah yes sorry. My bad. Yes 17th century
@@Iyervval We had the Kathiawari Horse in Saurashtra since 1000+ years ago. Likely developed from local equids mixed with Mongolian or Arab breeds. Possibly west India is an exception but back in the day nearly everyone had a horse even if old or weak.
@@ravodedra2226 ..yes I have read that even Mahmud used to fear the Indian heavy cavalry armed with iron broadswords....only thing we couldn't replicate was the hit n run horse archers
@@ravodedra2226 Kathiawaris are not developed from Arabs my friend, the are a very distinct breed native to the region of Saurashtra. The kuchh region on other hand has the Kachii breed which is also called Sindhi breed. These breeds have been present in India for centuries and are very distinct in their look and behaviour. There is no mention of any horse import in India as debated in this video. It’s absolutely rubbish argument that Turks had better horses.
@@Iyervval This argument make no sense at all as there is absolutely no mention of horse imports in India. This is a botched up concept to support Aryan invasion theory. Horse culture in India goes back to almost 6000 years maybe even older than that. Bimbetka cave paintings too show domestication of horses, probably the only Neolithic cave painting depicting domestication of horses. Moreover there are very distinct Indian horse breeds Namely the Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis which are very unique in their appearance and nature. Whereas the central Asian breeds only have the Akal Teke found in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. So your theory of Turks having better horses don’t fit in, as Indian cavalry was far superior which even happened to defeat the Arabs in 7th century. And in medieval India Rajput, Maratha and Sikh cavalry was unmatched. All these wouldn’t have been possible without indigenous horses and horse breeds. Turks won because of lack of organised resistance in North India and lack of preemptive attitude to capture the Passes of Hindu Kush from where the invasions happened. The Sikhs took over these passes and stopped all invasions, as the launch pads into the the subcontinent was in their control. And if Turk victories were so significant why they weren’t able to convert the Indian population to Islam, the answer to that is it want really a clean sweep as you mentioned. Rather the Turks only had control over Delhi with absolutely no approach to sea. That’s also the reason they had very little impact on the economy as-well. And furthermore they were continuously being challenged by the Hindus and also by their fellow Turks. That’s the reality of the Turks in India before the arrival of the Mughals, who did make some significant gains.
Summary of this podcast:
1) Bharatiyas had high inferiority complex.
2) Bharatiyas had high caste and language problems which played major role for invaders to invade and rule.
3) Bharatiyas were not able to comment on " Substance and salience".
4) Bharatiyas because of inferiority complex, had bad war tactics which were not suited to them.
5) Bharatiyas did not learn lessons from the victory or from the defeat, which would enable them to prepare fr future.
6) Bharatiyas did not do proper study on foreign kingdoms war tactics, architecture, literature etc, which played a major role in their defeat.
The highlight is all these 6 points r still alive even today.
Critical analysis of enemy was / is absent. Projection of your own motivations on enemy is taken as enough to judge. Sad.
Relevant even today. We totally dismiss the military capabilities of China and call them paper tiger. We might be able to match them in army and air force, but their cyber warfare and artificial intelligence capabilities is far far ahead, and these are the deciding factors in today's warfare.
Basically we thought if we don’t attack anyone, no one will attack us. Such blatant stupidit.y.
@@plant_leaf well bajirao peshwa was one who would tell b4 fighting enemy n know u enemy,
diverse country with diverse races and culture
why would india(bharat)have inferiority complex ??
Such an enlightening talk, Abhi... Please write a book on this... Not only would this be useful for India, but it would serve as a valuable lesson, a case study for many countries out there...
Coming from the left over here (actually centre left) . I have to say this podcast is slightly and culturally right winging but man........
...... there is so much more nuance to this stuff👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌.
Kudos Abhijeet sir and Kushal.
@Chota Pandit
Certainly culturally .
The economic businesses model of the left doesn't make sense most of the time. Like they mentioned in the Podcast ☝️☝️.
The pathetic socialist governments we have been having have come of no help to us as a ....(what do they call it ..." Super Power").
I am more of a culturally left leaner actually a Libertarian . Not socialist and certainly not a Communist 😂.
I come from the George Carlin school of "you can joke about anything and everything ,depends on how you structure the joke!" .
Get it ?
@Ameenuddin Hussain Bhai Meiji Restoration ki aap koh bahut zarurat heh. Please right now.
Book recommendations in the video-
1. “Why the west rules for now” by Ian Morris
2. “The Weirdest people in the world” by Joseph Hendrich
Shape of Ancient Thought
_Why the West Rules: For Now_ is a truly illuminating book.
Daily 3 JSTOR interdisciplinary journals as well and connecting the dots between them.
Keep those recommendations coming, people. We really need much more education than the hilarity that pervades schools and universities.
Abhijit is doing such a good job popularizing, analyzing and debating our history. Meanwhile, the so-called historians who are supposed to be doing this are busy whitewashing it.
My summary (37:49 to 1:01:14):
1) Invading soldiers had horses. Which lead to a psychological defeat initially (even though infantry could defeat cavalry if they were brave enough, and didn't panic).
2) This lead to "Get horses (from abroad)!!! We are losing because we don't have horses!!! We need horses in order to win!!!".
3) Now horses are not commonly available, horses are special! Abandon all previous strategies! (which we were good at!)
4) "I am superior to you because I happen to be born into an 'upper caste' family! Hence I shall sit on a horse, while you filthy people will fight on foot! Hahaha I am so good!"
5) Because of this, selection based on merit goes out of the window!
6) Which is why we lost.
* Surprised Pikachu face *
Britain vs France wars had a similar scenario. The French had many meadows, thus, abundant horses. It was the British infantry vs the French cavalry, BUT, the Brits won! Because: no inferiority complex, good tactics, bravery.
Turks built over 40 empires, Turks were just crazy good warriors.
@@billyjesus5442 no they where crazy smart warriors. Not strong. Strength isn't the barometer of victory, tactics and vision is.
@@natalkumar6132 Nah they were insanely strong. The norman/viking class of europe recognised the seljuks Turks for example as being the toughest warriors they ever faced. Even the arab accounts of the Turks recognised them as having the strength of lions. Being intelligent isnt enough to build empires back then, you need the actual combat strengh to do it. Now its different with technology, any weakling can fire a gun or fly a fighter jet.
54:53, so proud to be Oriya. At least oriya kings had used brain rather then ego.
Still infantry is prevalent in modern warfare.
modern warfare has nothing to do with medieval/ancient infantry formation tactics
Don't Forget Ahoms from Assam ,they defeated Mughals 17 time's.
It's odia not oriya.
Odia language Odia People
Yes and learning just a little bit of chhau made me truly appreciate that.
AIM seems to know a lot about everything & after a point you stop caring whether he really does because it's so damn entertaining. And Kushal, one of the best podcasts I've heard in recent times (from Spotify) - love your content of late , Talgeri to this... General Education ka naam Roushan kar diya!
BAAHAAHAAHAA LOLS YEAH .. AND EVEN HE KNOWS DAT !!! THATS HOW HE IS GETTING INTO AS AUTHORITY ON NARRATIVES EVEN WHEN HE CLEARLY SHUDNT . : D
How ones wishes that such types of podcast were available during 80s for civil services exam! Studying history would have been so easy after watching such podcasts!
Anyway, Abhijit is a genius; he is really a jack and the master of all topics !
For civil service romila thapar version is needed. Not this.
@finewith me he he!! The interviewers are Thaparized historians!!
@@sauravu agreed the Turkic were gun powder empires
The dumbarse is using the horse basis of Aryan invasion onto thousands years later Turkic conquests
You would have failed in UPSC if you wrote what Abhijit is talking about instead of NCERT. UPSC isn’t interested in truth but in sicular ideology.
@@sauravu he did talk about mobile artillery.
Watching Cārvāka Podcast is always worth! And much better than wasting time on Netflix, Prime or any other OTT platform!
We pay all our money to foreigners when we watch Netflix , OTT etc.
Also our psuedo liberals
Dude what is the meaning of our name any idea?😂
Shabash! Only problem is we don't make practical use of the invaluable knowledge we gain.
@@Anish61097 Anish = Supreme.
I see a hint of narcissism in you bro, my qualities and tendencies are superior than others, innit?
1. Disunity among Hindu Kings, caste discrimination outside and inside of even similar castes
2. Absolute ahimsa propagation among jain and buddhist kingdoms
3.Code and conduct of war.
4. Age old weapons and strategies.
5. Very importantly hindu kings blind belief that the muslim counterparts would treat with dignity when they get defeated.
💯
Horse superiority is so accurate
I belong to a jagirdar family and jagirdars didn't allow common farmers to ride horse in front of them
Please grow out of it now. This is caste system now.
I hope you guys already don't .
In UP & MP, during marriage they don't allow low caste to ride horses.
@@chandeshwarmishra3973 yeah man now no one keeps horses
The the common farmers were also from our caste
@@chandeshwarmishra3973 and during land ceiling majority of our land was confiscated by the government
@@xxxzz8413 in Punjab no one cares nowdays
Caste conflicts arise only when Dalits demand land confiscation and redestribution
Inferiority complex, meekness, timidity, getting easily sold out, slave mindset and no nationalism structured on a single language, race or culture.. ... Physique and intellectual strength also plays a very important role
Only religion and caste thrived well as a personal satisfier.
This is the best charvaka Podcast .... Perfect discussion ! I just wish there were images too go with it so wee remembered .
@@sauravu yeah ...I know .... But musket is a much later invention .... You are right on Ghenghis Khan learning it from Chinese. ..but I don't understand where is Iyer wrong ?
@@sauravu bhau .... Elephants performed well against Alaxender,s Spanixx infantry with long spears .... But elephants paniked on canon fire and loud noises ...
Ganghis Khan ki poori biography padhi hai bhai maine .... Bas bombs padha hai usmain entire mongol history by bestselling author Iggulden.
Iyer galat nahi bol raha hai .... Canon and trebuches defeated Hindu kings and their durgs ... From Turkic mongol hordes ..
@@sauravu I ofcourse disagree with. his solution that India can not produce a LCA and hence stop trying to produce it the horse analogy doesn't work ....because by Baji Raos Time we adopted to Turkic style of warfare .... once the Indian kings adapted to gun powder by. the time of Mughals they had to adopt to appeasement policies as opposed to annihilation of the Delhi Sultanet
@@sauravu so my feeling is the same .... Although sucess at one socio political enviornment doesn't determine sucess at other socio political enviornment but it surely can be said with confidence that if ISRO can send a Mars Rover ...DRDO surely can make a Tejas to be a world beater and the fact that we haven't done is not because of Human Resource problem but a very small problem of socio political reality in that microcosom of DRDO.
@@sauravu nuthin is diff and then you go on to state the diff .... Logical consistency to rakh lo 6 line may bhai ...phir aap kehte ho aapne Silicon Valley fateh kar liya :-)
Humare bachpan ke years and years ka bookish history gyan presented chronologically within an hr in a concise and fathomable format. This guy should take up part time professorship during his retirement years to the benifit of our later generations. That is provided the sar tan se juda bridge get to him 1st.
He was already a professor before
Nice Video i enjoyed watching it greeting India from Turkey
Keep doing these history sessions please. Loved it.
Edit: forgot to say, Jai Shri Ram, Jai Hind.
@Bhadwa Modi kisi ki gaand jal rahi hai idhar
@Bhadwa Modi MULLAH KA BACCHA
@Bhadwa Modi 5ft kaum puncture wala sala, chal bhag yaha e
As an Iranian/Afghan Pakistani i love Hindustan and i think Hindustan is one of the few greatest countries/civilizations in the world and we all have a glorious past and which we should celebrate and look out for each other
There should be unity with afghanistan, pakistan, bangladesh, nepal, sri lanka, myanmar, india,iran and bhutan to fight against western as well as communist hegemony(china) in our south asian region. This unity shouldn't be based on religion but on our common ancestry and on cultural aspects which we shared from thousand of years ago.
@@shivamsingh-mt6dr that will never happen Afghanistan Pakistan Bangladesh is islamized they dont like idol worshiping hindus they hate them so you can say that idea good bye nepal and bhutan can unite thou religion play major role in unification not common ancestry modern day pakistani and bangladeshi People reject their hindu ancestry for arab and turkish
@@shivamsingh-mt6dr yes even I do think about it.. because even if we see hindu population...its a highly genetically mixed community....hindus (specially jatts,gujjars,rajputs,chalukyas,marathas)shares common ancestory from central asia ....from 1100 BC only the central asian ,west asian population migration started in the pre abrahamic age ( the shakas,hunas,kushanas,parthavas,gurjars were all central and west asian tribes who later came to be known as turko mongols)...before 1500 BC we had vedic people who shared lineage with Iranian zoroastrians and mesopotamian....If you listen tamil many tamil root words are actually similar to hebrew and pre semetic west asian languages...so definitely there are moments when there were no borders ..because there was no concept of monotheism.....most of the people were nature worshippers or had atleast inclusive sense of religion...they were not fanatic about one god ,one book , one race in pre abrahamic age...
@@pringlesempire6953 That can happen when monotheism as a notion will die....I think henotheism or monistic as well as polytheistic cultures are more inclusive when it comes to mutual respect....when there is a multipolar world order...automatic sense of mutual respect comes for coexistence...but when the world becomes unipolar or bipolar , cultural hegemony and sense of supremacy develops
Regarding Ch. Shivaji's letter to the Badshah: Kushal is right. It was a part of his strategy. If you read the letter to his half-brother in Marathi, his official court biography in Sanskrit and his own son's Ch. Sambhaji's thoughts on his father, you get a very different picture of his views on other religions.
@जय शिवशंभो Jai Shivshambho Shivabharata mentions him pulling down mosques in Kalyan and Bhivandi. In Goa, he asked Portuguese missionaries who were troubling the local if they themselves could convert to Hinduism. When they refused he had them killed. शठे शाठ्यं समाचरेत् ।
@@kshatrapavan Afaik, the mosque destruction is pretty early in his reign. His Sabhasad Bakhar mentions the state grants given to mosques, Khafi Khan says that he treated Muslims with respect, and both Bernier and Sabhasad Bakhar make reference to him protecting the missionary father Ambrose during Shivaji's raid of Surat. But he never backed down when Hindus themselves were harmed by the activities of another religion (your example of the Padres, and Cosmo De Guarda's description of him destroying mosques because because enemy general had destroyed temples.)
That's true still today in India horse culture is considered as Status Symbol of Rajputs and Dalits are abused for riding horses.
@Ketan Kulkarni In hindsight, Marathas should have first focused on conquering Peninsular India (freeing Goa, Hyderabad and Arcot) before marching north.
@@sagarm4983 these regions paying chauth and sardeshmukhi to marathas
You don't have to go to Bahadur Shah Zafar to find Indian features in Mughal emperors. Shahjahan for example was 3/4th Indian (his mother being a Rajput and his father being half rajput). Although Abhijit is right that by the last Mughal emperor they were dark as other Indians.
Consumption of nutritional diet also plays a role in glowing skin colour. It's not always about genetics.
R u 4 real. 4rm where do u ppl come 2 d conclusion of rajputs giving women. Do u hv any solid research? Any book where it is mentioned?
@@swapnilrb7370 what type ?
@cheap thrills
Rajputs married off their women to mughals to avoid conflict. It's well known fact.
Read book "Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions" by Dr. Soma Mukherjee. She's graduate of Banaras Hindu University.
Entire Rajput families and clans got converted to Islam after coming in contact with Mughals and other invaders (eg. Bhuttos, Samma, Soomro, etc.)
@@swapnilrb7370 This is absolutely BS. They didn't married their daughters to any random guy. Only a few Rajput houses had matrimonial alliances with the Mughals. Just like the Marathas in Deccan had with the Deccan Sultanates. Even Rajput rulers and princes also married Mughal princesses. Those matrimonial alliances existed because of various complex reasons.
Otherwise, most of the Rajputs practiced endogamy and maintained their purity by not marrying with any non-Rajput and foriegn ruling dynasty.
These mentioned Rajput clans which converted (although not all of their people) in today's Pakistani Punjab and Sindh, which mostly got overrun by Peaceful invaders after the 10-11th century. Their conversions took place via Sufis and gradually under other circumstances. Most of the Malkana Rajput Muslims reverted back to Hinduism in the 19th-20th century. Thanks to the Arya Samajis.
The lovely thing about listening to Abhijit Iyer is that he is enormous amount of research talks with facts unlike some "experts" who talk gossips heard in dinner tables!
Mr Iyer--Mitra, you are beyond brilliant! I am in absolute admiration of your commentary and perspectives! all the way from South Africa.
We need more discussion like this, not the same India security discussion. Great job you both.
I think more than horses, fascination with elephant was the reason why Indian kings got defeated. Elephant was a status symbol and more elephant ypu had in mediaeval india, more status you would get even though it might bankrupt you and go totally useless in the modern warfare. May be at the time of Alexander, elephant was useful because at that time warfare technology was 1000years older than turk period.
The reason is that elephants were used as a measure like for whose having a big dick.
This talk was awesome.....Abhijit is a true genius.....
How can I like this video a 1000 times? Proud to be indian 🙏🏽
Hack thousand accounts and use them to like :p
Proud ??? What is pride evoking here. Its the horros story of india.
Essence of SANATANA dharma is not tolerance or equality but Truth.
This Abhijit is extraordinarily intelligent
Shivaji innovated battle techniques against the vast mughal army by introducing guerrilla warfare. He also introduced bluewater navy which under Kanhoji Angre, could actually tackle the enemy in rivers and high sea.
Indian Chola Empire had much bigger blue water navy 1000 years before Shivaji , Cholas were the first Indian empire to conquer foreign lands of entire South East Asia Malaysia , Singapore, Cambodia, Indonesia etc
@@georgedsouza1132
You also have to see how capable were the Chola's enemies. If you are already a stronger, established power, then defeating a weaker enemy doe's really add much to your glory.
A handful of farming, working class people from Deccan plateau coming together under leadership of one teenage boy (shivaji) and challenge mighty Bahamani Sultanates (later became AdilShahi, Kutb Shahi, etc.) and later the Mughals, is something to be taken seriously.
Lol I see how you used "Indian" chola & not hindu chola empire.
All indic people & their kings, be they hindu, jain, budhist would properly identify themselves as hindu/sanatani today because of the way meaning and context has changed.
So use the word HInDU. Own it. It benifits our cause. Even if you are not "hindu" by "religion" always use word hindu when discussing history of our common ancestors.
@@rohitkothari3890 I am big admirer of Chathrapathi Shivaji maharaj, no doubt he is the only hindu king at that time who unified Indian people against invaders , during that time most of hindus lost confidence. But when it comes to blue water navy cholas were the boss , at that time when there were no engines in ship only Bravehearts can travel in deep ocean. Cholas had huge number of elephants and infantry but very less horses , this is the reason cholas din't came to plain lands of India when it was attacked by foreign forces who are equipped with more powerfull and fast horses.
@@swapnilrb7370 this same Indonesians defeated the most powerfull Mongol army at that time , As you know Mongol army was the hardest ferocious fighters at that time , so don't consider any body weak😂 same mistake committed by Indian kings at that time and paid the price later , check how many times gazni attacked , I agree people were more divided and superstitions at peak , but its is kings job to unify the people.
Strangely we still don't want to learn from thousands of years of mistakes..
@VILL AIN nicely said
Omg that so true that's what happening right now!!
Yes, when u tell the so called hindutva people about past mistakes, they start getting defensive instead of learning.
I understand that in open circles, but even within their closed groups they do that.
Got answers to a lot of my questions that I had while studying my history course during lockdown.
AIM is your regular dose of knowledge, truth & skepticism.
Just 37 minutes into the video and it is fascinating!!! Thank you Abhijit and Kushal 🙏🙏🙏
In the battle of Haifa the Indian cavalry regiments defeated the Ottoman and German units who had guns and canons, so it's not completely true that it became irrelevant. Haifa seems to me to be the pivot point of the defeat of Ottomans. I believe the battle analysis that has been mentioned here is a bit simplistic though very thorough in many ways, and many other factors play a vital role leading to the outcome. The point which I actually could take away from this discussion is that, it seems that the Indians never institutionalized the knowledge in theory and practice which though is not a guarantee of winning a war but increases its probability.
Also, to me the other thing to note is that during those times there is a corruption of the idea of Karma and how it affects human life and there is a lack of personal integrity as the fundamental understanding of concepts on which the society is based is weak.
As far as personalized astrology is concerned it is the western scholarship which tends to promote and establish the idea it came from the Greeks. There is no significant evidence for that and there are significant arguments as to why it started in India much before. To divide space into 12 divisions and 108 degrees in Navamsha (D9 Chart) itself has roots in the 12 spokes of wheel as signified in the Vedas and the understanding in Yoga that one complete life cycle happens with 108 cycles of the moon. But it's an elaborate discussion. Also, a very significant part of the Indian astrology is the cyclical time which is well established in India before the Greeks.
Really admire the level of intellectualness being brought up you guys. Keep it up and shine
I feel so proud that AIM and kushal mentioned Shivaji...as a marathi..the man is beyond centuries in every aspect
Lol.
If they wouldn't have mentioned Shivaji's name in this show, would that make Shivaji's contribution any lesser?
They didn't mention Harihara-Bukka Raya or Gorkha kings in North East India. They were arguably and possibly more victorious and had built their empires from scratch even in unsuitable circumstances.
या दोघांनी शिवाजीचं नाव घेतलं म्हणून अभिमान वाटून घेऊ नका. शिवाजीने सत्कर्म केलेत म्हणून अभिमान बाळगा.
I’d highly recommend A Boleman’s ‘Yalgaar’ probably the best account of the battle of Pratapgad, when Shivaji out thought, outfought, and finally slaughtered Afzhal Khan in hand to hand combat, decimating his army of over 35,000
We don't learn from mistakes because we don't even know that we made them. This is how not transmitting information over generations, impacts us.
That.....or some people are too stubborn to learn.
My favourite King is Sri Krishna Devaraya. He stalled the advances of five Muslim Nawabs at the same time and prevented the Islamization of South India, he expanded his kingdom far and wide, farther and wider than people realize, he was both kind and cruel when the need be, jovial and ruthless, constructed temples and kept Hinduism thriving, and was an extraordinarily remarkable patron of the arts and literature, and was quite a writer himself, even as he was strong willed and able bodied, and was just and immensely loved by the people who were safe and prospered under his rule.
💯 / 💯
Ahom from Assam defeated Mughals 17 time's without horses ...
ahom use boats and infantry around brahmaputra this is their strength
I have stopped listening to AIM, he is all about anti India, criticism is one thing but only picking negative is what communist do.. the horse is a bullshit, not only AHOMS, even Marathas defeated Mughals but on local breed of horses nothing to do with cannons and central Asian horses which AIM has glorified in his other video. Marathas/ AHOMS defeated these invaders because they realised that they are invaders and simply decided to fight for their country.
@@vidyalaxmi466 Marathi kingdom was the main religion ... Odisa was less develop in that time... Odisa was full of tribal people so they don’t involved in political as a result they bacame poor
@@vidyalaxmi466 Maratha was the selfish administrations where they allow Portuguese to enter and develop but they they forget to developed jharkhand and Odisa
@@vidyalaxmi466 Bengal Assam came under British , and Odisa an jharkhand came under Marathi
AIM is my history teacher. He has taught me a thousand times more than twelve years of schooling
First of all I want to thank you both for entertaining, informative analysis of our Itihasa which no one else as I know has analyzed from this perspective. I hope you write books which are based on well researched data for posterity of coming generation. Our leaders since 1947 has not paid attention to this and have not modified our history books. I am 74+years and don’t know all this history because what we were fed was memorizing dates that did not interest me. We are grateful for your public service. May you both live long and pursue this service. 🙏🙏🙏
Wow..such a different angle towards Hindu defeats against Turks..
Abhijit is a great strategist. He is a well read and person with brains. It is always pleasure to listen to him.
This talk was just so enlightening.
Agreed brother.
One of the most enlightening talks I've ever listened to.
Are modern day Turkish people mixtures of different ethnicities ? And I know that there is a difference between Turkic and Turkish.
@@BABYMONSTER_RORA_RAMI_AHYEON Mostly, turkik and greek genes with (maybe) some MENA genes I guess.
Highly informative with sources
AIM is thorough, broad and deep at the same time
Of course
Vel Vel VETRIVEL
VETRIVEL
VEERAVEL
Abhijeet hai toh bas we can listen to him whole day
@@sauravu ok but chinese didn't come to india
@@sauravu send me links brother, will study
Ahmed Shah Abdali won the third battle of Panipat in 1761 using Zamburaks, camel mounted swivel guns
Most of the soldiers and the armies were inherited from Nadir Shah of persia. Afghans main victory because alliance with Rohillas, nawab of bengal and mughals.
The biggest reason was perhaps fanatical strengthning of the caste system during the last few centuries which meant that armies got smaller (as only about 5% of the population-kshatriyas were allowed to be armed). Its also a big reason why indian kings rarely went out of india. Compared to that in europe almost entire socieities were mobilised by war using feudalism and through religon in middle east.
36:02
Abhijit is using the term turkish and turkic interchangeably in this podcast
Both are actually different, Turkish is used specifically for the people of modern day Turkey (Anatolian turks)
Yes you’re right. Slip of tongue. My bad
@@Iyervval nice podacast man
@@Iyervval Also Sir your pronunciation of Afghanistan, Ghori, Ghazi and other GH words is wrong.
It is not घोरी घज़नी अफ़घानिस्तान
In urdu and other west Asian languages, GH is pronounced as "ग़" i.e. ग with a nukta!
So the correct pronunciation is ग़ोरी ग़ज़नी अफ़ग़ानिस्तान
@@RD-pp9ds Who cares we don't have these sounds in native languages.
@@ravodedra2226 yes hence Indians say afgaanistan, gori, gazni!
We Indians say गोरी गजनी but no Indian says घोरी घजनी.
I think Abhijit is genuinely mistaken about the pronunciation hence he puts too much focus on the घ part...you would understand if you're a regular viewer!
Abhijeet, with that killer line: " you see bahadur Shah and his son in their final years in Burma ... वो तो तेरे से भी काले हैं!"
Probably woke Kushal up from his sleep 😂😂😂
Colorism everywhere.
@Ashish Bagade Well, it was memorable the way he just casually threw that observation into the discussion. Cracked Kushal up for sure. But no, I did get the rest of the discussion quite well, thank you.
That's true still today in India horse culture is considered as Status Symbol of Rajputs and Dalits are abused for riding horses.
@@Mira-gu6we nope turk were basically mongoloid when they came to india ( yellowish skin and almond eyes slant/smaller type) by the end they were maryying into india iran so became much darker and indian looking as in eyes ... tahts what he was saying...
@@nagarkotiprashant318 you are right.It bothers me when people think of modern Turkey when talking about medieval Turkic horsemen.The original Turks resembled the Mongols with varying caucasian admixture depending on location.
I think the battle tactics and the difference in mindset was not discussed . In the 1600s and the 1700s Marathas brought all the powers in India including the westerners to their knees first by infantry and then by sheer cavalry tactics. They didnt even have high quality cannons till Sadashivrao Bhau and later Mahadaji Shinde. The ruthlessness of the barbarina hordes might have played a huge role. Also where Indian warriors went to gloriously die in battle while the enemy warrior will do anything to win
U r right
Marathas themselves were conquered by the Delhi sultanate of Khilji and Tughlaq in the 1200s and 1300s. They then get dominated by the Bahmani sultans and then the Deccan sultanates of Bijapur and Ahmadnagar. Then the Mughals come. Then they rise but get stopped by Abdali.
@@syedahmed8650 You are a genius. Martha history started before Shivaji maharaj. We Indians are ignoramus not to have learnt it. Thx for brightening up.
@@syedahmed8650 😂😂😂 where did you learn history. Marathas didnt existed before shivaji in the late 1600 s. Then how could sultanates defeat them before they even exist.
@@syedahmed8650 there were chalukyas then not Marathas!!
If you wanted to win battles on the plains you needed gun powder weapons and horses for mobility. Its not either or. Abdali always came with horse men for cutting supply lines and for quick counter offensives.
You may call them abdali in a funny way. But horses were not only main reason. It was about nation who lived and fought to survive. A sedentary lifestyle made people weak at that time. If you are nomad your life from birth to death under threat. Your life can be saved only if you fight. Thats why in medeival times no one could beat Turks.
@@1212-m6bIndia was exceptionally weak even within settled civilizations.
China, Persia, Rome were all far better in warfare and projected power outwards whereas Indians mostly lost to invaders.
I think I will rewatch this whole podcast again. It was too much to unpack at once.
Abhijit is a Demi-God. True Son of Holy Jesus, the true god.
Me Too! This talk packs so much that one must watch it multiple times.
Again making same mistake, if you honour him as God then at least do what he says, start thinking rationally instead of making everyone who tells you something that you dont know, as God. By calling someone else "MAHAAN" we Indians try to get rid of our responsibility of being patriot and Karma-yogi (that is to do our work sincerely so that we can serve our beloved nation).
Very interesting. U are right that Turkic people have playing most important role in Empires! Thanks from Kazakhstan!!
Would love to see a discussion on what would have been an alternate history of India, had Marathas won the third battle of Panipat!!
@VILL AIN but if they won a large number of logistics and huma life and time can be saved.
@Avinash right, but problem is still there are many communist, secular are among us (hindus), and we r lacking physical training, resources, management skills, leadership, and strategic advantages.
Think on actual reality rather than on alternate one.
Celebrate victories less, analyse losses more.
This very attitude of unnecessary self glorification leads to fetishism and then to incompetence and lag in advancement.
@@swapnilrb7370 I have better one.
@@swapnilrb7370 Think on actual reality and alternate one if you could, if you can't then simply focus on reality rather than alternate one.
As a Odia I felt proud when I heard about our victories over Turks.Only state in India whcih don't have Muslim king.We defeated Turks from Bengal and Andhrapradesh for 400 yrs.Only ruled indirectly by Sahajaha and Aurangzeb for 80 yrs.We were good in jungles,mountains and rivers and used it.
We assisted Marathas against Bengal nawab.
🤷🤷🇹🇷❤️🇯🇵❤️🇹🇷❤️🇯🇵
The Hindu s continued to follow the ethics in war of the Mahabharata time with turks and arabs and faced defeat.The day Rana Pratap and Chatrapati Shivaji Mharaj adopted guerilla warfare .i.e. unscrouplessness which is necessary for outcome of war, the whole story changed on the same terrain and the exploits of Bhriguphukan at Assam defeating Mughals AND STOPPING THEIR WESTWARD MARCH
is also a pointer.
True.
Marsthas were smarter because they realized this weakness and turned it around
wonderful discussion... let more such deep and informative episodes come in further.
Battle of Thalaikota - Vijayanagar lost because two of Vijayanagar generals shifted sides and back stabbed.
@@sauravu That's not true at all. Vijayanagar empire was built on cannons, gunpowder and Horses. That was the reason it ruled for 300 years.
They lost/disintegrated in the end because of their internal civil war.
THANK YOU SO MUCH TO BOTH OF YOU!!
I've learn more on this podcast itself than my history syllabus ever could (the selective, imperialist, Marxist shit)!
In addition to that, I've realised the significance of studying history. India needs to invest a lot more on Social Sciences now as we are in a Post-Colonial identity crisis. Problems of India have never been truly recognised and hence they continue to exist!
THANK YOU AGAIN!
why does'nt kushals channel, go beyond 25k subscribers.
India has been always a divided society. Even today, Modi haters including aspiring PM Rahul Gandhi trying to get foreign support to get rid of Modi. Nothing changed in last 1200 years atleast.
Couldn't agree more. Just few days ago I saw a video of Indira Gandhi telling a foreign news lady that they should mind their own business and we Indians battle it out on our problem. Atleast she was brave enough to separate India from western orders. Even tho things like emergency came up because of her. She wasn't anyway perfect, but not outright poisonous as modern day congressis.
Mr. Abhijit have so good studies on the battles/wars in the past. He has so good analytical knowledge on how India was invaded. Elephants in arm forces was ineffective. When firearms innovated indian kings (fighters) did not have.
Thanks.
because of individual smaller kingdoms. the decline started after great emperors and their followers took budhissm. after mourya empire.
Budhhism never existed at 11th century in north eastern india
Stop unnnecsay villianising budhhism and behaving like sanghis
My two choices for the kings would be Chandragupta and Harihara Bukka brothers who established Vijayanagar Empire. If I have to name two warriors rather than kings it would be Chandragupta and Baji Rao.
@jacob dsouza for me it is the musunuri prolaya nayaka and musunuri kapaya nayaka, and vema Reddy who made a kingdom from 1330 to 1370 in Andhra Pradesh who after the fall of Warangal have formed independent Hindu kingdom amidst tughlugs and gave inspiration for inspiration Vijaya Nagara empire to prosper.
@@krishnaprakashnunna7900 wasn't reddy kingdom was defeated and incorporated into the odia Gajapati empire?
@@Abhishek-sr2pu that is after the death of musunuri kapaya nayaka. After that confederation broke and they declared independent.
@jacob dsouza what I wrote is after the fall of kakatiya empire, these nayakas fought under the central administration of king prataprudra, after the fall of prataprudra they again formed collation to defeat Turks, that is when musunuri clan again into prominence.
As per my knowledge, Emperor Dhanand was most underrated and falsely villianised emperor. Dhanand and Chanakya was rival. But that doesn't make Dhanand villain. See his contributions. He build big empire. Chandragupta actually inherited most of the empire from him. It is said that Andaman and Nicobar was actually first discovered and annexed in India by Chandragupta. Alexander never invaded In India because of fear of Dhanand. Alexander has army of 100000 soldiers and Dhanand army has 600000 soldiers. Puru or Porus was king of Sindh. And Ambhi was king of Taxila, They refused to be become part of Dhanand empire of Magadha. But Porus and Ambhi refused to be become part of Dhanand empire . In this way Porus and Ambhi can be termed as original proposer of Two Nation theory. How they defeat of Porus and Ambhi can be termed as defeat of India, when most of India was under Dhanand..? Alexander never dare to confront Dhanand and returned.? Then what is Dhanand fault? How Alexander is termed as victorious? And Porus is hero? I think Porus is overrated? Please someone explain me? May be I am wrong. I think we should look history in this way also. ,and do some original reasearch. Another aspect is Dhanand was devout Hindu from Ksatriya father and Sudra mother.
This was overall very informative and interesting as well ♥️
WOW! Before I started watching my thought was that it's just another rehtorical talk show, clearly I was wrong ..great work guys.
It these years Turks and Mongols horses trampled on whatever came in their way. Every boys in middle Asia was born as soldier in very harsh condition with superior militaristic discipline. Turkic old(Tengri) and new religion(İslam) was supporting militaristic discipline as well. Nomad people live intertwined with nature and that makes them very realistic. So, in cultural way, realism could easily win against mysticism.
Addendum wrt to the status of the horse. In early Greek/Roman other Indo-European religions, there are some equivalent horse-rituals and cognates with early rig-vedic religion. The difference is that it never takes the fetishist levels there that it does here, over time. While not as scarce as in India, horses were also relatively uncommon in Greece/Rome. Post the Chariot-era however, they adapted to infantry tactics.
So just for context.. there were already seeds for horse-deification. Scarcity isn' the originating factor... just one of the more important ones.
Even in Europe/Japan, horses were a class status thing.They were just moderated better, because of better practicality and less entrenchment.
Correct - we’ll be discussing the horse here. The Roman & Greek horse sources to be discussed as well
Indo Europeans never existed, Aryan race never existed, Aryan race theory is a lie.
@@southernlights1890 explain genetic and linguistic evidence then
@@southernlights1890
There is definitely some Aryans people.
They were most probably not some Pontiac Steppe people but rather Armenian Farmers(or Iran-Armenia region)as per recent paper termed as Southern Arc in June, 2022. Their origins in rarest of rare case can be North West India but most probably that Armenian region only.
The phenotype of Aryans were predominantly brown-Black color eyes, black hair and not Blonde-Blue eyed as propagated. The Northern Europeans who are blue eyed and blonde haired are descendants of the European Hunter Gatherer people who lived in Western end of steppe (Ukraine-Russia) who got Yamnya impact which led to their language rendered to a Indo-European language(German etc.) but genetics more or less remained the Hunter Gatherer types.
The Armenian Farmers gave direct genetic impact only on Greeks through Anatolia in all of Europe. Rest of Europe are descendants of these European hunter gatherers called Corded Ware people. It explains how only Greeks and Romans are harbingers of civilization in Europe, rest of Europe Germany Britain etc. were primitive tribes untill contacted by Greco-Romans. Greco-Romans ruled over Europe for 1000+ years. The Northern European also gave rise to Nomadic horse rider group in Steppe eastwards which became Saka, Scythians etc. and later Turkic groups from Altai joined them. They kept on coming into Already Aryan Lands of India and Iran who got their language by settlements from Armenia( can be Iran or NW India in rare case). This explains how Greek-Persian-Indian civilization were almost in sync of development while rest of europe was primitive. The steppe horse riders also come from Northern European primitive stock. Rise of North and West europe only happened after 1000AD and is a rapid one like France, Britain, Spain and Germany but they have no civilizational foundation all that comes from Greeks and Romans.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ki jai🚩🙏
Har Har Mahadev 🚩🙏
एक अभ्यास पूर्ण चर्चा सुरू आहे, त्यात तुम्ही नुसती घोषणा करून काय सिद्ध करत आहेत?
Jay bheem .... JAY JAY RAWAN
@@cheltooktribefreethinker1028 Rawan was the son of a brahmin.
Putting Ambedkar and Rawan together, u r insulting Ambedkar only.
And no one here supports caste btw.
And mahadev is the most casteless deity in Hinduism, don't know how u think.
I would have liked some slides to help register these chronologies and characters.
I have heard Rajiv Malhotra ... the horse riders could stand on their stirrups and kill the elephants.
Can you provide with information or link where you heard Rajiv ji speak about this?
Link plz
Search Maharana Pratap Man Singh horse elephant.. You will get it
One request, please list the books that you reference in the conversations please.
Hey sidd r u bongali bhadralok?
You are the man ! I do the seams diverse readings no TV and no bloody newspapers
if you need the simple answer, look around and see how united we are in this pandemic. its easy to break hindus and rule over them.
Say this out loud...exactly this...I was thinking the same! We must have been the same back then!
Wow ...truly incredible information....plz have more discussion like this ..I had goose bumps listening.
Sharma Mehra Mitra 🔱 🙏🏻
Thank you for this insightful discussion. :)
As a Turk, I watched your broadcast with interest. You explained your knowledge of the subjects very clearly and perfectly. The history and culture of India is really very interesting and rich. Unfortunately, the Mughal Empire and Turkish-Indian relations are not a field of interest in my own country, except for very few academics.
However, there is a point that I get stuck with, as if you interpret it from a very western-centric perspective. I do not find it right to simplify the nomadic culture as barbaric and uncivilized. After all, I think of the western where you see civilized, the first and second world war holocaust happened,and Atomic Bomb,and Japan did things in Chine of course. Africa (Rwanda), the genocide of the indigenous people in America. Or what happened in Soviet Russia and Communist China. after all, who is more civilized and who is more barbaric? I think it's like you need to rethink.
Note: By the way, the Ertugrul TV show is a series broadcast on the state channel in our country and is used by the current government (AKP) for propaganda. In general, the uneducated part of the society is watching.
Thanks again for this informative video.
Turkey people are not turk alone he turk mean all the tribe like the Turkmen, Kazakh, krigiz, Uzbek which still are nomadic to an extent
@@drute20 Yes, i am already aware of that. I did not say all turkic peoples living in Turkey. And I know there are still those who live nomadic.
Yes. Sorry that was an unnecessary usage of civilisation & barbarism. I still can’t let go of my classical training... but point noted for future sessions
@@yavuz2638 They say that only 10 percent of the Turkic origin of central Asia are there in present day Turkey...which says most of the people who live in Turkey are not Turkish....Is it correct?
@@saiteja3437 It depends on what angle you look at... I am not a person who knows very well in genetic research, but even if you are not of turkish origin, it is enough if you speak turkish langauge and call yourself "turkish". If you live in a place like Minor Asia (Anatolia), which is the center of both Eastern Rome and many of the oldest countries in the world, it is natural that there is a genetic and cultural diversity here, and this is a richness. I have to say this at the beginning.
Being turkish or turk,turkmen was never determined by identifying the genetic and physical criteria in turkey. Turkish immigration started to arrive in Anatolia for the first time between 700 and 800 and after 1071 it started to settle definitively. At that time, there were many different societies in Anatolia, Mainly Greek and Armenian. Byzantium, the continuation of Rome. For 1000 years, Turks spread all over Anatolia and mingled with other ethnic groups living there. Many states have been established. You already know the Ottoman Empire. At the end of 1000 years, a largely turkish-speaking nation emerged. This was the continuation of the multi-state empire.
I want to reach that point again, Turk definition here. so it is always a top cultural and unifying identity in this republic of Turkey.
Today the mother tongue of 85% of Turkey's anatolian turkish (Istanbul accent of the Oghuz dialect. Gagauz, Balkan,North Cyprus and Azerbaijan turks, other Oghuz dialect speakers ). And even at the end of 1000 years under the influence of many different cultures, you can see that quite a lot of turkic traditions in Central Asia still continue in the villages. And that makes the 10% thing an inadequate argument, if you're not an ethnic nationalist.
I remember our 8th standard NCERT History textbook depicting Razia Sultana like a Turkish princess who looks like the red-headed Turkish actress Ozcan Tekdemir because of which I had the impression Delhi Sultans were Turkish, it was only later on I realise from my own readings and internet searches that they were Turkic and not Turkish, Turkic people invaded Turkey, removed the Armenians from there and got mixed up with the Slavs and Anatolians living over there to form modern day Ottoman Turks! I had seen so many Indian diamonds in the Topkapi palace in Istanbul, wonder who and when they were looted from India and was it brought by pure business?
I could be wrong but think I read somewhere about Indian Sultans sending war booty over there as gifts.....
Well Mughals were paying tributes to ottomans.
This and the warhorse video is all you need to understand last 2000 yrs of history on india, asia and world. This is unique gift of AIM and carvaka podcast. All those big channels with billions of budget cant show anything close to this. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏😍😍😍😍😍🙁
My favorite Indian king is Raja mihir...
Despite being an outsider... Converted to Hinduism... N to save his kingdom from outsiders... Resorted to massive but necessary violence which an indigenous Hindu can never fathom!!!
I think when some non hindu, in future, would revert to Hinduism n restore dharma given his stomach for befitting violence n gore!!!
You can read Jadunath Sarkar, AK Priolkar, RC Mazumdar(i guess), Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale, Rajwade, Bendre, Uday Kulkarni, Kasutubh Kasture, amd many more........guys there are good books written but they are not really story telling types. They are research based books from primary research. I am sure if you try to find you will find many more
RC Majumdar is highly edited. If you get 1st edition of RC Majumdar in 1946 is not available anywhere in India.
@@shashanksharma6936 Where to find 1st edition ?
Even shivaji lost war with mughals but they don't stop
Contrary to popular belief, Turk domination in India starts with the Hepthalite Turks, not with the Ghaznavids.Heptalitis was a branch of the Huns.Later, the Indian domination of the Turk military power such as gaznavid, delhi, mughal and ghurid continued.However, this was not an exaggeration for the Turks because the Turks ruled Iran for 1000 years. He entered and ruled Europe for 1300 years.Egyptian geography was under Turkic power for 800 years.
In medieval times. Only Turks could defeat Turks. For almost 1000 years no other group rule or conquer like Turks.
@@1212-m6b because they had no rivals, they were fighting each other.
Yes I know
*This comment is going to be long but interesting.*
1. What the heck Iyer's talking..the horse existed in India in bulk & variety. Proof :- Visit Bhimbeteka Caves, M.P. The paintings in the caves are pre-historic to more than 40,000 years, variety of paintings depicting daily life and animals are also the horses not one or two but in abundance. Saying that horses were rare and fetishized or something is misleading.
Yes, offcourse horses were the war engine of that times and were looked upto. The Great Mauryans ate Selucids. So, did the Mighty Gupta did to Huns and other lowly tribes (some were later purified&assimilated into Hindudom), so saying repeatedly of the low quality horses in India is horrendous.
2. Kushal Sir, the *title* of this podcast itself is faulty, subversive, and abuses our super-ancestors.
I'm not a historian but an avid reader of Indian history because it *completes me as a Hindutvan.*
We need to get this rot out of our system that Hindus (Hinduism) lost any wars to Mellecchas. No!
This is a Civilizational war, losing few fronts/battles doesn't means losing entire war. A nation isn't considered lost untill and unless it has its indigenous faith, culture, values, and morality intact.
The Slokas recited 5000 years ago are still recited in our nearby temples.
Yes, Indians did recieve hurt & dents. India today is less than 50% of India 1400 years ago. But, even here the credit goes to the few good Hindutvan Kings.
👉Had The Hindua Suraj Maharajadiraj Prithviraj Chauhan The Great ate Mellecch Ghori in his first meetup, and not let him escape, Dhillika wouldn't have fallen!
👉Had The Great Hindupathi MahaVeer Shiromani Maharana HammirSingha ate Mohammad bin Tuglak after Battle of Singoli, the Thurk rule from Delhi would been cut short!
👉Had the brothers, officers, and petty local Hindu chieftains of the Bravest of the Brave, A Lion among men, AtiVeerVirath Hindusthani Mukut, DharmaRakshak MahaRathi Maharana HammirDeva of RanaSthambhPura, who had humiliated both J. Khilji & A. Khilji previously, did not defect to enemies camp, the Lion would never ever succumb to Kuttas!
There are more such examples. Always, always, and always remember that the Mellecchs gained due to our petty quarrels ; *and, not because they were superior or something.* And, mind you, I haven't even spoke about the unparalleled valour of Amar Balidani Veer Virath Mewar Mukut Hindutva Suraj Adi-Shiromani Mahabali Mahaparakrami MahaPratapi-Maharana of House of Mewar!
By saying Indians didn't win against Thurks is abysmal.
*These thookiya Thurks were Rajputana's d0gs!*
*Re-calibrate Indian history and we shalt reconquer the lost lands of Hindusthan!*
🙏🚩
I think their Horses were better suited for warfare.
My knowledge about this is limited. But Vijaynagar empire had to import a lot of horses from Central Asia which became a big weakness for them tactically. Marathas were more foresighted, thus started breeding their own horses but they still were not as capable as the central asian ones. Please enlighten
@@amoghavarshanripatunga The examples he gave were absolutely correct.
But later saying that Rajputs never got defeated is factually incorrect.
@@amoghavarshanripatunga A pothead spotted.
1. Are you sound enough to comprehend the above composition? Show me the sentence which made you conclude that I am "another Vishwaguru type!"
2. Where did I say that Mellecchs (Thurks) did not invade India? *Did you even read the full passage to understand the narrative?* Didn't I mention about Ghori, Tuglaq, and Khiljis?
3. Context is that Iyer and Kushal are projecting India as a horse deficient nation ; which is unadulterated pure Horseshiz. That's why I gave reference to Bhimbeteka...and the examples of the great Hindutvan Kings from the Gupta Dynasty till Mewar House under Veer Virath Mewar Mukut Hindua Suraj Maharana Pratap who did resist and defeated invaders conclusively!
3. Quit false equivalences. I insist you re-read the aforementioned passage & broaden your knowledge. Cheers 👍
@@ninadk30 The Vijaynagar Empire had to import horses from the Arabs. You're correct, the Empire did not breed horses well unlike the Marathas. The Vitthal Mandir Complex had dedicated bazaars for horse trade.
*But, this is not the reason why the Empire collapsed.* Vijayanagar won dozens of battles against Bijapur and Bahamanis (I am sure they used horses on Battlefields). So, saying that poor quality of horses led the fall of V Empire is garbage.
Vijayanagar fell due to treachery and over dependence on Muslim officers who defected to enemies camp during Battle of Talikota. Just the Muslim officers in Indian army, in 1947 defected to Papistan killing their own Commanding officers during Kashmir raids.
No doubt that Central Asians and Arab horses were good...but, saying that India was horse deficient nation and India lost to Thurks is abhorrent.
That's why I gave reference to Bhimbeteka cave drawings and unmatched unparalleled valor of Indian Kings.
I have come to Carvaka only recently and have watched this particular series with great interest. Re your response to the question of why we kept losing to foreign invaders from the NW. You suggest the caste system and consequent widespread endogamy was one important reason. That sounds like a plausible argument to me. But then I suddenly realized that Ashkenazi Jews are even more prone to endogamy than Indians are. That never stopped them from becoming superb businessmen for centuries. They were not allowed to join the military or navy in many European countries, but when they had to defend themselves in their new homeland, Israel, they have again come out ahead. So is endogamy really such an insurmountable problem? Indeed I am now considering the alternative view that its our enormous genetic diversity that may be a problem - because we find it hard to unify around a single cause. Even if that cause is defending ourselves against an invader. Interested in your views and those of your guest speaker, Abhijit.....
Seems Kushal is nodding and trying to figure out in his mind but by the time AIM is moving at a super speed
Well in the plains of north India the horses offered a key advantage of speed and out manuvering and surprising your enemies. Infantry just couldn’t match their speed.
Mahmud of ghazni used only a single tactic in all his battles.He would split his army into 4-5 divisions of horse archers and send them to harass the enemy army with hit and run tactics the whole,he would keep a final elite armoured lancer cavalry division in reserve.When the horse archers had demoralized and disorganized the enemy through whole day of archery barrage,he would charge the enemy centre with elite cavalry and break it.Muhammad ghori went head to head melee combat while outnumbered against rajputs at 1st tarain and lost.He learned and used the above tactics copied from mahmud during 2nd tarain and won.Another component of this tactic was to use groups of elite archers to target enemy commanders on elephants.Death of enemy commander could lead to enemy army rout.Jaichand and hemu were killed in this way.Turks generally avoided close combat until final stages of battle.
Good piece of information , same thing happened in Panipat war where Vishwasrao and Bhau we're targeted and some sardars like Jankoji Shinde as well ...
Yes and indians due to ego resulting from caste superiority of mostly kshatriya fighters, considered close combat more "honorable".
They gave more importance to honor than winning.
Use of elephants which were obsolete after horse Archery emerged was solely a status symbol as owning elephants showed the richness of the king.
@@ayushbh6839 India doesnt produce good horses,so they couldnt replace elephants.Magadha and the east had no real horses of good calibre.The south empires like vijaynagar and rastrakuta had to import thousands from arabs through ports on the west coast.Only rajasthan and areas have arid climate suited for horse breeding,rathores began to breed kathiawar horses here after relocating from the gangetic plains when they identified lack of good horses as their main weakness.In the deccan in 16th century deccan horse emrged which became a main factor in rise of marathas.Rajputs and marathas were greatly helped by the fact that they were the 2 peoples capable of breeding their own horses.
Why was this horse quality a massive problem in middle ages and not in ancient ages like gupta or maurya?Because in middle ages horses through evolution got bigger and far better as warhorses and the effectiveness of cavalry increased multiple times due to invention of iron stirrups and saddle.This is primary reason behind the decline of magadha's military power from early medieval era as it relied on elephants and infantry mostly and imported horses.
@@DHARABHISHEK This was the problem.
Should have focused on infantry and archers.
@@ayushbh6839 They did.It wasnt enough.No medieval army anywhere in the world won against steppe horse archer hordes using infantry.Especially not in the open northern plains.Also turco mongol composite bow is superior to indian infantry bamboo longbow .Guptas defeated hunas using steel bows,but thats too costly for regional kingdoms unlike guptas who were incredibly wealthy.
Oh my god. Mind shattering, Mind blowing, Eye popping interaction 🙏🏻..
Mad respect, Abhijit Iyer Mitra ji. For breaking down these topics and making sure we don't get into dreams of being the greatest in everything. Instead focus on learning from all over the world 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻...
Going to Podcast 2 and 3 now...🥂🔥
Please Kushal..I beg you please! Do more of these historical videos with AIM
Superb talk and thanks.
I would like to add a some more details. There was no need for Rajendra Chola to go north when Somnath was sacked. Paramara Bhoja of Ujjain had invaded Gujarat to destroy Mahmud when he learnt of sack of Somnath. Mahmud rather than fight ran away! And while he was fleeing, Govindraj Chauhan of Ajmer advanced from north to intercept him (which was why he chose desert route to avoid Chauhans). And previously to this, he tried twice to defeat Vidyadhara of Bundelkhand, but failed.
It is a myth that Mahmud came to loot - fact is that he looted after he conquered territories in North India by defeating local rulers in battles.Yet he lost the lands he conquered because Indians back then were determined not to let Turks rule over them and in the end, drove Turks out of most of North India (except Punjab).
Best thing I liked about this talk was that Abhijit busted this myth that we lost due to "horse factor". I think very few has grasped the fact that Indians lost because they failed to think innovatively and utilize what they had ingeniously.
That's a Great Conversation 👍👍...Jewels of knowledge
BRILLIANT DISCOURSE....ABHIJIT HAS DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE MATTER