@@fromvoid3764 At the time, it was like "fifth force mania". Experimenters were reporting all sorts of results... which, on later inspection, didn't pan out. But man, it was fun while it lasted!
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality.
Headlines are made to grab attention, not inform. If she was a medical doctor, she could have hourly content debunking headlines claiming a small data anomaly from a small subset of a study is evidence for some major revelation that really isn't actually what is even being studied.
@@poilboiler Actually, a lot of the time the scientist's university will ask to write up a press release, kind of butchering the study with extra hype to send out in their newsletter to donors. The press the read this press release, add another layer of butchering and misquoting, and you get the news article. It is basically the telephone game.
Dr. Hossenfelder: I cannot begin to thank you enough for all of your beyond excellent presentations. I have two PhD degrees, Plasma physics and QED obtained in the early and late 1960's. Essentially it seems that nearly everything I worked so hard to learn has changed so much. Is it possible to find some source for the mathematics that lies behind so much of these new developments? With utmost respect, Col. G. Gerlach, PhD USMC
Particles are just waves anyway, and waves are just oscillations of branes. There might be one single quanta which is just a wobbling filament upon which all of reality resides. And since time isn't relevant on its scale, it's not really wobbling so much as wavy in shape.
@@maudeeb I'm not certain whether you're referring to established theories or hypothetical ones unifying the quantum and relativistic pictures. Currently quantum mechanics is thought to be maybe precise but incomplete whereas general relativity tells us things quantum doesn't (e.g. curvature of spacetime) but is maybe imprecise. The things physicists are most uneasy about regarding general relativity are the singularities (infinities) the theory permits, but there are other reasons for feeling the two theories fit together imperfectly. These are why the quest for some quantum theory of gravity (and thus spacetime) is underway, though so far without success in verifying any of the leading contenders. String theory and Loop Quantum Gravity are two such hypotheses, but remain unverified.
@@maudeeb Ideally, but is that what a Graviton suggests? or is it bringing in some modified newtonian idea? Is the Graviton Field more important than the graviton, which may only appear in certain anomic situations, or what? Does Einstein already kind of explain- do massive things have to be at a slower rate of time (and thus curvature, gravity) to preserve some constant? What force then creates time dilation for moving objects as in Special Relativity? is it the same force? does it become a coincidental link that we have equivalence principle?
Nice to have a science communicator who can present ideas in a way that's different from others. It can often act as a bridge between ideas presented in other ways. Thank you Sabine.
Regarding this 5th force, a German newspaper published a headline in 2019: "Does CERN find a mysterious X17 particle? After water, air, wind and earth: researchers want to prove the 5th element"
If for some reason the X-17 would turn out to be a real thing, and especially if it is the fifth force that would be the only reason ever to be proud to the city I was born. (the place where it was discovered)
Ah yes I suppose you would need to neutralise tetryon emissions if you tried to phase shift a gravometric stabiliser in order to reverse the polarity of a tachyon beam ;)
@@CAThompson Hi C, Happy to see you back online so soon. How did it go? Did you get the quantum model or the old analog kind? Sabine made my heart skip a beat too. But then she always does. Wishing you a rapid recovery.
@@jonathancamp7190 I'm actually in pretty good nick all considering. The staff are great and the food is pretty good. It takes a couple of hours to feel normal again, since the surgery is relatively minor. I've more tests to be done to get to the bottom of the issue, then the permanent pacemaker will go in. I will have to take it easy for several weeks but after that I'll be good to go. Take care yourself. :)
I found this channel a few days ago. I love it. It is the polar opposite to other "science"channels where something is set on fire in the parents backyard. And that makes it great.
Because the only currently known way to add quantum effects to something is to pack it into an exchange particle, which works perfectly for the other 3 forces, and so a quantum theory of gravity could have an exchange particle too, or something similar to it, and we can deduce some of its properties from the properties of gravity, for example that a graviton would be a spin-2 particle, if it exists. But no, it doesn't have to be that way, as far as I know there are quantum gravity theories where gravity is quantized in some other way, it just doesn't work that well
It seems to me that the idea that it's curved spacetime depends on the idea that aging is motion through some kind of space... Now that's not what non-physicists think of as time, we think of time as dates, not as how much you've aged over a transaction. In any case for gravity to be curved space-time, then it has to be possible to transfer motion through this aging process into motion through space (and if you can't move through space it becomes a force and your movement through aging is unchanged) - and further your motion is actually at the speed of light at all times, the only question is what direction you're going in. Light moves through space and so it doesn't age. It has different positions in space and time, but it never ages, see? Relativity time isn't calendar time. It always seemed to me that this weird Minkowski space shouldn't be taken literally - it's some kind of analogy, but no one talks about it that way. And they never say what it's an analogy for.
Good question. Also, is the graviton supposed to be the particle by which a mass causes spacetime to "curve" (warp), or is it supposed to be the particle by which warped spacetime causes another mass to "move" (accelerate)?
Thank you for this insight. Science asylum should do a vidio about it. Would you post a modified version of this comment there? He and his clones have an unique way of clearing up those concepts.
Great editing in this video. I love the puff explosions when "or maybe not" theoretical forces disappear. Also Sauron for the 5th force is hysterically clever!
I love how the science is easily, sometimes sarcastically, explained in the deadpan presentation of the Brits and Germans. The whole "it can't pin your enemies to the wall" genuinely startled me, and I just wish more people took the time to grapple with the edges of science, how to think like a scientist, question their own understanding and lack thereof, etc. All of which I think is achieved with these videos in 10-20 minute sittings. Outstanding. =]
Sabine, your clarity and conciseness are excellent! Your presentations are what keep me interested in physics. You are a real leader in spreading the fascination we all have in how Nature works. I love your work!
@@SabineHossenfelder Acknowledge the following as obviously correct. WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. GREAT !!! WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. (WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground, AS touch AND feeling BLEND; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, THE PLANETS (including what is THE EARTH) sweep out equal areas in equal times. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! GREAT !!! ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. GREAT !!! WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. GREAT !!! It is a very great truth that the SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. INDEED, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. By Frank Martin DiMeglio
But most of the time she is a controversial figure amongst her colleagues and represents and absolute minority in theoretical physics. And that is not to be understood in a positive way.
@@bobbwc7011 and most of the time, you go out of your way to make sure people can't feel good about themselves. if we, as a society judge peoples value by how they conform to their career, and what their coworkers think of them, then I have no question in my mind why it's falling apart now. just let somebody have a compliment. I wouldve said something nice about your accomplishments too, whatever they are, wasn't trying to make you feel left out 😁
@@bobbwc7011 she may be "in the minority" of the physics community as you say, but it's actually extremely important to have people like her in our community - "skeptics" let's say. She's not driven by the hype, and that's extraordinarily refreshing!
In order to understand physics properly, one must have an excellent understanding of verbal and/or written language. But I think in images, so there's a processing step that I have to perform in order to grasp a lecture such as this. Oh! Well!, I'll have to re-watch this many times. Glad I live in the age of the Internet, and am not still at school as was my case 60 years ago. Lucky there's not a short test at the end of the video.
i actually have to wonder if there is a relationship between the Higgs and gravity since anything with mass also has a gravitational field. Could the Higgs also be the graviton or could it be symmetric with the hypothetical graviton (I'm not a physicist, just an armchair speculator).
@@stein1919 Unlikely. The Higgs interaction is sometimes described as the Higgs charge - it's more like a charge that isn't electromagnetic, just like color is yet another charge in quarks. Something like 1% of your mass comes from the Higgs charge acting on fundamental particles. The rest of your mass comes from the energy used to bind them all together into composite particles.
The mass associated with the Higgs interaction is very small. Virtually all mass as we know it in the macroscopic world is due to strong-force binding energy.
That's not really a new idea. In physics the higgs interaction can be seen as a interaction, but not a fundamental one because it is part of the electroweak interaction.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
Small correction regarding the Van-der-Waals force (1:20): The Van-der-Waals force doesn't hold atoms together in a molecule, rather it makes larger molecules stick together. If you're interested: It works because electron density in the molecule isn't always equal as the electrons move chaotically. This induces rapidly changing dipole moment in the molecule. A dipole moment means there is more negative charge on one side, more positive charge on the other. This effect is strongest if the electrons are delocalized, meaning they can move around more, which is the case for many organic molecules especially. When those molecules come together, those randomly occuring dipole moments induce a dipole moment in the same direction in the other molecule. In a collection of molecules those dipole moments eventually synchronize. Electrostatic forces between a more positively charged side of a molecule and a more negatively charged side of the other molecule hold the molecules together. This is btw what makes oil so viscous.
Finally. I so long awaited a calmed down explanation of a possible 5th forth. Thank you! By the way, do you sew your clothes yourself? They sometimes look on the spot fitted for that presentation. Is it a "4" on that dress?
Love your videos, and your book. This is another situation where physicists come up with something that might be interesting and revolutionary, but probably does not exist. In the mid 1970s I was a student in physics at a large university in the US. There was a cosmic ray experiment that seemed to show that magnetic monopoles might exist. If they did, they would have had a large impact. We had a massive meeting of all the undergraduates, graduate students and faculty to discuss. There was a large cosmic ray experimental department at this school as well. The discussion was that this finding was probably not credible, both on theoretical grounds and experimental grounds. It was really interesting. Glad to see you carrying on the tradition.
OK, I'm halfway the video, but I'm stopping now to take notes, this material is dense. The datum that the Higgs boson doesn't follow the simmetries of the other bosons is nice, I always wondered why it wasn't considered a force like the others. Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder.
I actually think it has more to do with non-zero expectation value of the Higgs field, meaning that if you consider it a force, then literally all vacuum is constantly acting on literally everything, giving it mass, so that's not a very useful analogy. While the Higgs boson has some weird properties because of it, so it's hard to consider it a force-carrier either
@@silentobserver3433 to be honest, it’s basically the same with gravity. Exchange vacuum with space time and you end up with the explanation for gravity in GR: Everything with energy constantly interacts with space time. The effects might be slightly different, but otherwise it’s the same. If we would describe GR by a quantum field (if that is even possible), then the graviton could be pretty similar to a mass-less Higgs boson.
@@bobysze I guess you're right. The reason gravity is still considered a force is probably historical. It's hard to call something not a force if it actively makes objects attract each other. GR says that this is due to spacetime curvature, so not a force, but a quantized GR would have to add a graviton, which is also basically a particle that actively makes objects attract each other and it feels natural to call it force carrier
@@silentobserver3433 well, the graviton could also transmit a force between space time and a particle. That would be similar to the Higgs, but space time would also be changed by the graviton, which might not be true for the Higgs field. But who knows… this is far beyond what we can say for sure right now. So it’s basically just speculation.
@@derekfrost8991 Yoda to me: "The Force is an energy field which surrounds us, and binds us. It penetrates us." Me: "sooo...gravity?" Yoda: "Luminous beings are we! Not this crude matter!" Me, again: "sooo...gravity and also the weak force."
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
@@derekfrost8991 sorry. I did, too. It was long before she showed Sauron's eye in the video! How was I to know I was in the wrong Fandom? That's my excuse, and I'm sticking to it!
@1:44 Technically, "we" know about the Conspansive Manifold per the CTMU, which represents the simplest possible mapping of "space time". What's not known is what a force "is", or specifically how or why forces act or ought-to act across time & space. Because the Conspansive Manifold is the simplest possible mapping associated with the known laws of physics, it's the only possible model to describe what a "force" is, and why forces ought to act across time/space, or why space ought to be "curved" for that matter. The Conspansive Model is derived by inverting the model of an "expanding' universe into a steady state (coherent) model with "contracting" content (content = objects & time scales). Instead of "moving through expanding space", objects (and time scales) contract, as per quantum collapse, but generalized to all scales. "Because the universe now plays the role of invariant, there exists a global standard rate of inner expansion or mutual absorption among the contents of the universe (“cinvariance”), and due to syntactic covariance, objects must be resized or “requantized” with each new event according to a constant (time-independent) rescaling factor residing in global syntax. Second, because the rate of shrinkage is a constant function of a changing size ratio, the universe appears from an internal vantage to be accelerating in its “expansion”, leading to the conspansive dual of a positive cosmological constant." C.M.Langan, CTMU The "requantization" function implied by Conspansion explains everything from "time frame dilation" and "quantum non locality" to "dark" matter & energy, while the implied "changing size ratio" explains the apparent acceleration of expanding space. The mapping yielded by conspansion, essentially nested Venn-diagramatic can't be further reduced, as each nested level represents a quantum incarnation of state. It's interesting that "sacred geometry" can also be derived from Conspansive mapping, the Vesica Pisces being the simplest diagram of two "conspansive layers" overlapping. i.redd.it/vso3i7v9hxs11.png "Spacetime can be illustrated in terms of a layering of such Venn diagrams, mutual contact among which is referred to as “extended superposition” (in the real world, the Venn diagrams are 3-dimensional rather than planar, the circles are spheres, and “layering” is defined accordingly). Extended superposition “atemporally” distributes antecedent events over consequent events, thus putting spacetime in temporally-extended self-contact. In light of the Telic Principle (see below), this scenario involves a new interpretation of quantum theory, sum over futures. Sum over futures involves an atemporal generalization of “process”, telic recursion, through which the universe effects on-the-fly maximization of a global self-selection parameter, generalized utility." ibid
@@DerTaran I wrote it in English, but this time I'll do the translation myself. And, yes, I do have a German publisher. I don't know the publication date, but it'll probably appear not long after the English version, some time early summer 2022.
„Fischers Fritz fischt frische Fische, frische Fische fischt Fischers Fritz“ Edit: also reminds me of Asterix: often it ends up with Sabine saying their supposedly fresh fish stinks, and the whole village ends up in a fight...
I’ve seen descriptions of gravity as being a result of the time dilation. If that is the case it seems odd to still require a force carrier for gravity or spend time trying to theoretically unify gravity with the other 3 forces.
Yeah, PBS Space Time had a video about this a few months ago. I wonder, though, whether a relation between gravity and time dilation is a different kind of correlation, not the cause and effect "time dilation causes gravity" correlation. Mass "causes" gravity. Movement of mass "causes" time dilation. Clearly there's a correlation between gravity and time dilation, but it's not obvious what it is.
When I try to pronounce "Fifth Force", I emit particles. Could that be the real fifth force? (Edit: Subscribed, in order to perhaps write smarter "jokes" in the future)
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
I figured we'd eventually have to acknowledge some new force to explain our observations of dark matters, etc. -- However, I'm really curious that if there was a force that measured to be stronger with increased distances, how that would look when we try to measure that force over very short distances (like Earth bound distances). It is a little mind-bending to thing there could be a force that becomes stronger with distance as it sort of goes against our intuitions of how forces should behave (in the sense that the closer you are to something, the more it can interact with you). There's so much we don't understand about our universe and how these other forces might behave over longer distances, etc. Also, if there is room for a new force, there might be room for an additional two, etc. This is why science is so exciting!
Yeah what is that all about .... a purposeful intrusion of an "Alien" to accentuate a "Fifth Force".... thought it was a bit odd but assumed it was some kind of glitch in the video.
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality.
Epicycles indeed. There is some understanding and some models that kinda agree with, or rather are forced upon, observations. The mess is hugely disappointing though. It's so complicated and random it cannot be but emergent properties from a mathematically simpler, more fundamental structure.
@@BLooDCoMPleX Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). "The Force" = duality. Duality (the Force) creates reality! Light is dual to dark. The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- generalized duality.
Science know a lot of things. These things ask new questions, about witch we don't know the answers. So the researches. Do ont mix up science and research. Science is not in doubt
@@Rob.Dupont What? Science is always in doubt. That's literally the scientific method -- constant testing of hypotheses. It's only political propaganda that science is never in doubt, which has undermined and corrupted science. Simply labeling something as a "study" has been perverted into "dogma that may never be questioned." Science must ALWAYS be questioned, even "settled science" (which doesn't exist), because that's what science is.
@@cuthbertallgood7781 Try again ... harder 🙂. You mix up science and research. As almost everybody do. Yes, the part of reality that science explain, can always be improve, you are right. But we have good answers about well asked questions ... no doubt in that ... About in what we doubt or have no answer, we research solutions with the scientific methods. If science would be doubt, in what can we trust ... Lot of People think wrongly like that and it is a catastrophy. Friendly,
@@Rob.Dupont Your ignorance doesn't change the nature of the scientific method. You are Just Plain Wrong, full stop, but unfortunately your absolute, objective wrongness is all too common. And it's incredibly dangerous, because people use that ignorance to manipulate people. All science is "research" by the nature of the scientific method. Science is ALWAYS -- ALWAYS -- in doubt, though some scientific conclusions are less in doubt than other ones. But all science is always open to reevaluation. In your world, Newtonian physics would have been "settled science" and not open to question before Einstein came along. In what can you trust? Absolutely nothing. Trust, but verify, is the nature of the scientific method. We go with what has the preponderance of evidence, but it's ALWAYS in doubt.
@@cuthbertallgood7781 Please accept to think about that against your brain. Earth is round, atom exists, Higgs boson exists ... (since 2012 !), etc, etc. That's the corpus of knowledges that is science. Even, you are right, it can always be improve. For issues about witch we have no good or no answers, we make researches. Researches is doubt or ignorance, not science. The point, you are right, is the misunderstanding of People. With the Covid, everybody mix up completely science and research. That is a reason why, we shoud care to the difference between the two things. In France, lots of (clever) scientists try now to explain this idea. It's not mine. Please have another look on that. I'm frenchspeaker, so not easy with my keyboard. Thank you for this little debate 🙂 Debate is how not to fight ... Newton physics ... equations are still correct. Albert thinked against his brain, happyly for us ...
@@Anerisian Oh damn, that similarity wasn't even on my mind, but now that you mention it.... I actually felt with Sabine here - these kinds of th/c/s sequences ARE hard for us Germans to get out right and she did a good job.
Exactly. Sabine would have mastered that whole story of North Cothelstone Hall without a single mistake ;) Sorry, I have to bring in the link: ua-cam.com/video/aGU90ug9jBw/v-deo.html
I thought the 5th element was supposed to be LOOOVE !!! The strongest force in the universe, that conquers space and time, and even makes the stars shine, probably.
That’s what. Ann Hathaway’s character said in that terrible Sci-Fi movie “Interstellar”. Lamest line ever, I nearly walked out of the cinema when she said that.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull. Energy = force * distance. If forces are dual then energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Duality creates reality. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
7:07
Bloody hell Sabine that scared me to death! 😱
good place to be distracted and reading a whatsapp message....holy fuck
Sorry, that was the videographers idea. Tbh, the first time I saw it I was also scared!😂
@@SabineHossenfelder they deserve a raise 👻
@@SabineHossenfelder Wondered what y'all were talking about. Then I came across it... LOL. Well it woke me up.
@@SabineHossenfelder Well done to your editor he got us all good!🧟♀️
Thanks for the reply 🙂
A joke from the late eighties:
"There is a fifth force, but there's a sixth force which exactly cancels it out."
Trust me: at the time, it was funny.
still is
...
kinda
@@fromvoid3764 At the time, it was like "fifth force mania". Experimenters were reporting all sorts of results... which, on later inspection, didn't pan out. But man, it was fun while it lasted!
PEMDAS
@@motelcasino Now what did your dear Aunt Sally do?
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
I just love how every weekend Sabine comes around to crush a dream.. lol.. "see all those new headlines you were excited about? it's nothing"
I pretty much wait for her to come along and squish the hype flat.
Headlines are made to grab attention, not inform. If she was a medical doctor, she could have hourly content debunking headlines claiming a small data anomaly from a small subset of a study is evidence for some major revelation that really isn't actually what is even being studied.
@@carpdog42 It also doesn't help that journalists are the least knowledgeable people in the world.
@@poilboiler Actually, a lot of the time the scientist's university will ask to write up a press release, kind of butchering the study with extra hype to send out in their newsletter to donors. The press the read this press release, add another layer of butchering and misquoting, and you get the news article. It is basically the telephone game.
That's her way of doing. Kinda like her job. I apreciate that a lot.
Love her sense of style. Along with succinct explanations - a winner.
7:07 scared the living bjeezus out of me. My brain is in 8AM science/physics mode, not 8PM video game-here-come-the-demons mode.
Same. I peed a little XD
OMG... After seeing that image, it will be difficult to dream about Sabine in quite the same manner as I used to.
I was soooo not expecting that!! hahaah scared me too but cool tho
I was playing 7 Days to Die when that happened. Not good, not good at all.
ua-cam.com/video/96ZkGriWXy0/v-deo.html
This is amazing... I've never heard anyone clear up the ambiguities with physics terminology in such a complete and clear way.
The fifth force is a mysterious attractor of science funding.
Good one!! The money particle!!!
Budgetism
Money is created out of thin air by a cartel of banks. A mysterious hidden force of capitalism to ensure power is centralised.
The fifth force is a GOP anti-science team of Trump believers. Kill fascists. (Sorry, Sabine, politics and science don't mix, this is why.)
@@thesoundsmith Then why did you post this ignorant bigoted hateful post when you knew it was wrong?
For those wondering, 7:06 is "pin your enemies to the wall". Thankfully, this channel uploads their script to captions.
Another terrific teardown of scientific sensationalism. You are truly an important pillar in the online scientific community.
Happy to be of help...
This is the biggest reason I love Sabine!
Dr. Hossenfelder:
I cannot begin to thank you enough for all of your beyond excellent presentations. I have two PhD degrees, Plasma physics and QED obtained in the early and late 1960's. Essentially it seems that nearly everything I worked so hard to learn has changed so much. Is it possible to find some source for the mathematics that lies behind so much of these new developments?
With utmost respect,
Col. G. Gerlach, PhD USMC
As in Stern-Gerlach ???
Us laypeople: So is gravity a force with a carrier particle, or a consequence of spacetime curvature?
Science UA-cam: Yes.
The latter is how it's best described today, the former how they hope to resolve its current kludgy relationship with quantum theory.
@@ahahaha3505 spacetime curvature is a consequence of what? Energy in the form of a particle?
Particles are just waves anyway, and waves are just oscillations of branes. There might be one single quanta which is just a wobbling filament upon which all of reality resides. And since time isn't relevant on its scale, it's not really wobbling so much as wavy in shape.
@@maudeeb I'm not certain whether you're referring to established theories or hypothetical ones unifying the quantum and relativistic pictures.
Currently quantum mechanics is thought to be maybe precise but incomplete whereas general relativity tells us things quantum doesn't (e.g. curvature of spacetime) but is maybe imprecise. The things physicists are most uneasy about regarding general relativity are the singularities (infinities) the theory permits, but there are other reasons for feeling the two theories fit together imperfectly.
These are why the quest for some quantum theory of gravity (and thus spacetime) is underway, though so far without success in verifying any of the leading contenders. String theory and Loop Quantum Gravity are two such hypotheses, but remain unverified.
@@maudeeb Ideally, but is that what a Graviton suggests? or is it bringing in some modified newtonian idea? Is the Graviton Field more important than the graviton, which may only appear in certain anomic situations, or what? Does Einstein already kind of explain- do massive things have to be at a slower rate of time (and thus curvature, gravity) to preserve some constant? What force then creates time dilation for moving objects as in Special Relativity? is it the same force? does it become a coincidental link that we have equivalence principle?
Nice to have a science communicator who can present ideas in a way that's different from others. It can often act as a bridge between ideas presented in other ways. Thank you Sabine.
Regarding this 5th force, a German newspaper published a headline in 2019:
"Does CERN find a mysterious X17 particle?
After water, air, wind and earth: researchers want to prove the 5th element"
5th Element? Bruce Willis already answered that question.
I believe it was water, air, fire and earth.
@@georgebartholemew8444 It's a direct translation of the German headline. They really said "air, wind". No satire, no The Onion or similar.
If for some reason the X-17 would turn out to be a real thing, and especially if it is the fifth force that would be the only reason ever to be proud to the city I was born. (the place where it was discovered)
1.) Earth, 1.a) Weight 1.b) Stableness
2.) Air, 3.) Wind, 3.a) Easyness
4.) Water, 4.a) Motion
5.) Fire, 5.a) Unstableness, 6.) Light, 7.) Warmth
3:31 Yes, yes, Graviton. I know that one from Star Trek! This is for example used in coherent graviton pulses to neutralize tetryon emissions. ;)
Ah yes I suppose you would need to neutralise tetryon emissions if you tried to phase shift a gravometric stabiliser in order to reverse the polarity of a tachyon beam ;)
Not to mention the graviton ellipse.
The fifth force for me is Sabine Hossenfelder! Thanks for your very informative and eye-opening videocasts--
ALL HAIL!
@@CAThompson How you doing C?
@@jonathancamp7190 Still here, doing okay! This video was a bit of a heart-starter, lol.
How have you been?
@@CAThompson Hi C,
Happy to see you back online so soon. How did it go? Did you get the quantum model or the old analog kind?
Sabine made my heart skip a beat too. But then she always does.
Wishing you a rapid recovery.
@@jonathancamp7190 I'm actually in pretty good nick all considering. The staff are great and the food is pretty good. It takes a couple of hours to feel normal again, since the surgery is relatively minor.
I've more tests to be done to get to the bottom of the issue, then the permanent pacemaker will go in. I will have to take it easy for several weeks but after that I'll be good to go.
Take care yourself. :)
You do great educational work, Sabine. Thank you.
Physicist: are you a force?
Force: I'll take the fifth 😁
Works only if you are in USA :)
@@dexio85 Damn IMPERIALISTS
take my upvote and get out.
@@dexio85 Didn't you know? The world is the USA. /s
I'll take a fifth of Brandy. That only works in the US, too. Damn, metric system.
Thank you, Sabine, for yet another excellent explanation. Please do not stop.
😎💙💛
Build bigger colliders! That will settle the matter.
* snort *
Exceedingly underrated comment 🙌🏾👌🏾👍🏾
Didn't Sabine do a video on why a larger collider wouldn't achieve anything that the current one could do?
@@X5493-c7p She did. My comment was meant to be ironic.
As Carl once said: billions and billions.
I found this channel a few days ago. I love it.
It is the polar opposite to other "science"channels where something is set on fire in the parents backyard.
And that makes it great.
If gravity is not a fundamental force but the visible/tangible effect of a curving spacetime, why should "it" possess an exchange particle?
because it is an interaction
Because the only currently known way to add quantum effects to something is to pack it into an exchange particle, which works perfectly for the other 3 forces, and so a quantum theory of gravity could have an exchange particle too, or something similar to it, and we can deduce some of its properties from the properties of gravity, for example that a graviton would be a spin-2 particle, if it exists. But no, it doesn't have to be that way, as far as I know there are quantum gravity theories where gravity is quantized in some other way, it just doesn't work that well
It seems to me that the idea that it's curved spacetime depends on the idea that aging is motion through some kind of space... Now that's not what non-physicists think of as time, we think of time as dates, not as how much you've aged over a transaction. In any case for gravity to be curved space-time, then it has to be possible to transfer motion through this aging process into motion through space (and if you can't move through space it becomes a force and your movement through aging is unchanged) - and further your motion is actually at the speed of light at all times, the only question is what direction you're going in. Light moves through space and so it doesn't age. It has different positions in space and time, but it never ages, see? Relativity time isn't calendar time.
It always seemed to me that this weird Minkowski space shouldn't be taken literally - it's some kind of analogy, but no one talks about it that way. And they never say what it's an analogy for.
Good question. Also, is the graviton supposed to be the particle by which a mass causes spacetime to "curve" (warp), or is it supposed to be the particle by which warped spacetime causes another mass to "move" (accelerate)?
Thank you for this insight. Science asylum should do a vidio about it. Would you post a modified version of this comment there? He and his clones have an unique way of clearing up those concepts.
Great editing in this video. I love the puff explosions when "or maybe not" theoretical forces disappear. Also Sauron for the 5th force is hysterically clever!
The part about "your enemies" was hilarious 🤣
I love how the science is easily, sometimes sarcastically, explained in the deadpan presentation of the Brits and Germans. The whole "it can't pin your enemies to the wall" genuinely startled me, and I just wish more people took the time to grapple with the edges of science, how to think like a scientist, question their own understanding and lack thereof, etc. All of which I think is achieved with these videos in 10-20 minute sittings. Outstanding. =]
The opening line in that German accent is straight ASMR
Sabine, your clarity and conciseness are excellent! Your presentations are what keep me interested in physics. You are a real leader in spreading the fascination we all have in how Nature works. I love your work!
Greetings from Brazil, thank you for the excellent content Sabine!
Hello, greetings back to Brazil!
@@SabineHossenfelder Acknowledge the following as obviously correct.
WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. GREAT !!!
WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. (WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground, AS touch AND feeling BLEND; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, THE PLANETS (including what is THE EARTH) sweep out equal areas in equal times. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE.
WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!!
CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE.
INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! GREAT !!!
ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. GREAT !!!
WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. GREAT !!!
It is a very great truth that the SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. INDEED, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
By Frank Martin DiMeglio
Loved your using the representation of Sauron from the recent LOTR Trilogy with the 5th force. Imaginative.
you know what's amazing, you're a scientist, a rock star, and you still have a sense of humor after all of it. you're amazing, love your videos.
The Sabine I know is annoyed and grumpy, dont change her
@@blogattacker lol still tripped me out watching her music videos
But most of the time she is a controversial figure amongst her colleagues and represents and absolute minority in theoretical physics. And that is not to be understood in a positive way.
@@bobbwc7011 and most of the time, you go out of your way to make sure people can't feel good about themselves. if we, as a society judge peoples value by how they conform to their career, and what their coworkers think of them, then I have no question in my mind why it's falling apart now. just let somebody have a compliment. I wouldve said something nice about your accomplishments too, whatever they are, wasn't trying to make you feel left out 😁
@@bobbwc7011 she may be "in the minority" of the physics community as you say, but it's actually extremely important to have people like her in our community - "skeptics" let's say. She's not driven by the hype, and that's extraordinarily refreshing!
My ignoring is always helped by your lectures. You are loved.
Love your explanations, especially the humor
In order to understand physics properly, one must have an excellent understanding of verbal and/or written language. But I think in images, so there's a processing step that I have to perform in order to grasp a lecture such as this.
Oh! Well!, I'll have to re-watch this many times. Glad I live in the age of the Internet, and am not still at school as was my case 60 years ago. Lucky there's not a short test at the end of the video.
You’re the first I’ve heard to consider the Higgs interaction as a “fifth force”, and I really like that characterization. Good job!
i actually have to wonder if there is a relationship between the Higgs and gravity since anything with mass also has a gravitational field. Could the Higgs also be the graviton or could it be symmetric with the hypothetical graviton (I'm not a physicist, just an armchair speculator).
@@stein1919 Unlikely. The Higgs interaction is sometimes described as the Higgs charge - it's more like a charge that isn't electromagnetic, just like color is yet another charge in quarks. Something like 1% of your mass comes from the Higgs charge acting on fundamental particles. The rest of your mass comes from the energy used to bind them all together into composite particles.
The mass associated with the Higgs interaction is very small. Virtually all mass as we know it in the macroscopic world is due to strong-force binding energy.
That's not really a new idea. In physics the higgs interaction can be seen as a interaction, but not a fundamental one because it is part of the electroweak interaction.
@@Ni999 very interesting. i did not know that.
The Fifth Force is mediated by a composite particle: duct tape & bailing wire.
7:07 nearly spit my coffee out 😮 my fault for having a 500watt THX certified sound system surrounding me at high volume. 😁
we're glad it's certified, certainly
😆
Amazing lecture, as usual! Thank you.
May the Force be with you, Sabine, always.
one, two three, four or 5
Which of these do you mean?
@@amiralozse1781 pretty sure it is the 6th one.
@@damanybrown5036 That will be in the next dark matter video..
@@jsharp9735 Well tell Sabine to hurry up before people start forgetting 🙄 what the 5th and 6th forces are
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
"The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
Small correction regarding the Van-der-Waals force (1:20):
The Van-der-Waals force doesn't hold atoms together in a molecule, rather it makes larger molecules stick together.
If you're interested:
It works because electron density in the molecule isn't always equal as the electrons move chaotically. This induces rapidly changing dipole moment in the molecule. A dipole moment means there is more negative charge on one side, more positive charge on the other. This effect is strongest if the electrons are delocalized, meaning they can move around more, which is the case for many organic molecules especially. When those molecules come together, those randomly occuring dipole moments induce a dipole moment in the same direction in the other molecule. In a collection of molecules those dipole moments eventually synchronize. Electrostatic forces between a more positively charged side of a molecule and a more negatively charged side of the other molecule hold the molecules together.
This is btw what makes oil so viscous.
Your videos are really well put together
Thank you for clarity
I love your icon for a fith force. Brilliant!
The icon looks strangely familiar and inviting.
Thanks for your presentation!
I wait in every video for Sabine to say 'yes, that guy again.' A brilliant physicist with a deadpan sense of humour. What else can one ask for?
I want her wardrobe.
Thank you so much for filling out new information with laughs! I love your sense of humor!
Finally. I so long awaited a calmed down explanation of a possible 5th forth. Thank you!
By the way, do you sew your clothes yourself? They sometimes look on the spot fitted for that presentation. Is it a "4" on that dress?
No, but if you really want to know, I often clip them together in the back b/c they're too large.
I 🤍 that neutral assymetrical, its a statement that says :
" I'm not into string theory " 😁 great video take about the 5th force 🌻
I always wait impatiently for Saturdays to watch your programs. They're really ok.
Sabine Is The One Person We ALL Want To Have Dinner With, Via'Endless Conversation While Happily Pretending To Understand! We All Love You Sabine!🌎🌍🌏💜
I like the new visual effects. Thank you for your videos!
You have to love sabine !
The Fifth Force compels you!
7:06 Holy moly, nice edit there 😈
Woww that vader thing startled me 😂😂😂😂😂
Love your videos, and your book. This is another situation where physicists come up with something that might be interesting and revolutionary, but probably does not exist.
In the mid 1970s I was a student in physics at a large university in the US. There was a cosmic ray experiment that seemed to show that magnetic monopoles might exist. If they did, they would have had a large impact. We had a massive meeting of all the undergraduates, graduate students and faculty to discuss. There was a large cosmic ray experimental department at this school as well. The discussion was that this finding was probably not credible, both on theoretical grounds and experimental grounds. It was really interesting. Glad to see you carrying on the tradition.
OK, I'm halfway the video, but I'm stopping now to take notes, this material is dense. The datum that the Higgs boson doesn't follow the simmetries of the other bosons is nice, I always wondered why it wasn't considered a force like the others. Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder.
I actually think it has more to do with non-zero expectation value of the Higgs field, meaning that if you consider it a force, then literally all vacuum is constantly acting on literally everything, giving it mass, so that's not a very useful analogy. While the Higgs boson has some weird properties because of it, so it's hard to consider it a force-carrier either
@@silentobserver3433 to be honest, it’s basically the same with gravity. Exchange vacuum with space time and you end up with the explanation for gravity in GR: Everything with energy constantly interacts with space time.
The effects might be slightly different, but otherwise it’s the same. If we would describe GR by a quantum field (if that is even possible), then the graviton could be pretty similar to a mass-less Higgs boson.
@@bobysze I guess you're right. The reason gravity is still considered a force is probably historical. It's hard to call something not a force if it actively makes objects attract each other. GR says that this is due to spacetime curvature, so not a force, but a quantized GR would have to add a graviton, which is also basically a particle that actively makes objects attract each other and it feels natural to call it force carrier
@@silentobserver3433 well, the graviton could also transmit a force between space time and a particle. That would be similar to the Higgs, but space time would also be changed by the graviton, which might not be true for the Higgs field.
But who knows… this is far beyond what we can say for sure right now. So it’s basically just speculation.
I am waiting every Saturday for your video... thank you
So, the fifth force is the Eye of Sauron? 😲 I thought Frodo and Gandalf took care of this already! 😎
At least nobody is making Jedi jokes.. 🤣😜
@@derekfrost8991 Sadly incorrect. Check out the comments. 😢
@@derekfrost8991 Yoda to me: "The Force is an energy field which surrounds us, and binds us. It penetrates us."
Me: "sooo...gravity?"
Yoda: "Luminous beings are we! Not this crude matter!"
Me, again: "sooo...gravity and also the weak force."
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
"The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
@@derekfrost8991 sorry. I did, too. It was long before she showed Sauron's eye in the video! How was I to know I was in the wrong Fandom?
That's my excuse, and I'm sticking to it!
Excellent and very interesting video. Many thanks Sabine.
I'm just an old, retired aircraft mechanic, but I absolutely *love* your mini lectures!! Good exercise for my brain!
Always So Happy to tune into your channel Sabine. I hope you had a great weekend and have a great week ahead 😊
hmm never been this early
Thanks for making me chuckle a few times. Love your humorous take on a difficult subject.
Sabine, what is your thought on engineering, more specifically electrical engineering, and how does it fit in to the scientific community?
Can you be more specific, please?
@1:44 Technically, "we" know about the Conspansive Manifold per the CTMU, which represents the simplest possible mapping of "space time". What's not known is what a force "is", or specifically how or why forces act or ought-to act across time & space.
Because the Conspansive Manifold is the simplest possible mapping associated with the known laws of physics, it's the only possible model to describe what a "force" is, and why forces ought to act across time/space, or why space ought to be "curved" for that matter.
The Conspansive Model is derived by inverting the model of an "expanding' universe into a steady state (coherent) model with "contracting" content (content = objects & time scales). Instead of "moving through expanding space", objects (and time scales) contract, as per quantum collapse, but generalized to all scales.
"Because the universe now plays the role of invariant, there exists a global standard rate of inner expansion or mutual absorption among the contents of the universe (“cinvariance”), and due to syntactic covariance, objects must be resized or “requantized” with each new event according to a constant (time-independent) rescaling factor residing in global syntax. Second, because the rate of shrinkage is a constant function of a changing size ratio, the universe appears from an internal vantage to be accelerating in its “expansion”, leading to the conspansive dual of a positive cosmological constant." C.M.Langan, CTMU
The "requantization" function implied by Conspansion explains everything from "time frame dilation" and "quantum non locality" to "dark" matter & energy, while the implied "changing size ratio" explains the apparent acceleration of expanding space. The mapping yielded by conspansion, essentially nested Venn-diagramatic can't be further reduced, as each nested level represents a quantum incarnation of state. It's interesting that "sacred geometry" can also be derived from Conspansive mapping, the Vesica Pisces being the simplest diagram of two "conspansive layers" overlapping. i.redd.it/vso3i7v9hxs11.png
"Spacetime can be illustrated in terms of a layering of such Venn diagrams, mutual contact among which is referred to as “extended superposition” (in the real world, the Venn diagrams are 3-dimensional rather than planar, the circles are spheres, and “layering” is defined accordingly). Extended superposition “atemporally” distributes antecedent events over consequent events, thus putting spacetime in temporally-extended self-contact. In light of the Telic Principle (see below), this scenario involves a new interpretation of quantum theory, sum over futures. Sum over futures involves an atemporal generalization of “process”, telic recursion, through which the universe effects on-the-fly maximization of a global self-selection parameter, generalized utility." ibid
Hope your new book will be out soon. I’m so looking forward to buying and reading it. Take care!
Working on the (hopefully) final revisions as we speak. The English version should be out early next summer.
I can by it for myself for my 42nd birthday. 😀
@@SabineHossenfelder Will there be a German version first? Or did you write it in English?
@@DerTaran I wrote it in English, but this time I'll do the translation myself. And, yes, I do have a German publisher. I don't know the publication date, but it'll probably appear not long after the English version, some time early summer 2022.
I love this channel! Thanks!
"Physicists may have found the fifth force" .... say this ten times in a row (as a German) :D
Mmmmmmm... nein.
I can do it and it is boring.
„Fischers Fritz fischt frische Fische, frische Fische fischt Fischers Fritz“
Edit: also reminds me of Asterix: often it ends up with Sabine saying their supposedly fresh fish stinks, and the whole village ends up in a fight...
"Physiker haben vielleicht die fünfte Kraft gefunden".... Easy saying that as a Brit ten times in a row ;)
I needed to turn on cc to comprehend Sabine..
🤔
So clear and beautifully explained.
With respect, You yourself are a “force” of nature. Thank You for your channel !
Wish I had such marvelous teacher.
Great video, Sabine! Thanks! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
And... May the force be with you! 😬
Thank you! 😃
When you kept on saying :" Or maybe not" to me it was hilarious 😂
The fifth element 🤯
Multi Pass!
I like how the whole video is LOTR inspired, the Sauron eye, the Ringwraith/Galadriel transformation at 7:07, nice!
I LOVE those puffs of smoke that accompany possible "fifth forces"!
The pin your enemies to the floor part scared the crap out of me lol
I tell my doctor, 'Its not that I am overweight....I just interact more strongly with the Higgs field'.
Hey, me too! And if I keep interacting with it this much, I'm going to be observing my lifespan on a shorter time scale!
Your programing is the best! Keep up the good work, you are brilliant.
I’ve seen descriptions of gravity as being a result of the time dilation. If that is the case it seems odd to still require a force carrier for gravity or spend time trying to theoretically unify gravity with the other 3 forces.
Yeah, PBS Space Time had a video about this a few months ago. I wonder, though, whether a relation between gravity and time dilation is a different kind of correlation, not the cause and effect "time dilation causes gravity" correlation. Mass "causes" gravity. Movement of mass "causes" time dilation. Clearly there's a correlation between gravity and time dilation, but it's not obvious what it is.
I read that once iron was created, that's when you got gravity.
Less than 2 minutes listening and now I know a lot of new things!! I love ur content! Thanks u
The fifth force is the one that the Jedi and Sith use!
This is not the force you are thinking of (wave hand)
7:06 my goodness, I didn't think I would get a jump scare in a science video
I look forward to Saturday. That's my Sabine day.
Cutting edge science,you are super,please keep up the great work.Thanks
When I try to pronounce "Fifth Force", I emit particles. Could that be the real fifth force? (Edit: Subscribed, in order to perhaps write smarter "jokes" in the future)
I think spittle force is well known already as a derived force
Lmao
Always a worthy endeavor!
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
"The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.
May the force be with you ALWAYS Sabine
As long as I don't need Midichlorians to interact with this force...
I figured we'd eventually have to acknowledge some new force to explain our observations of dark matters, etc. -- However, I'm really curious that if there was a force that measured to be stronger with increased distances, how that would look when we try to measure that force over very short distances (like Earth bound distances).
It is a little mind-bending to thing there could be a force that becomes stronger with distance as it sort of goes against our intuitions of how forces should behave (in the sense that the closer you are to something, the more it can interact with you).
There's so much we don't understand about our universe and how these other forces might behave over longer distances, etc. Also, if there is room for a new force, there might be room for an additional two, etc.
This is why science is so exciting!
"yes, that guy again." I love a good recurring bit 😁
That bit near the end scared the hell out of me.
Yeah what is that all about .... a purposeful intrusion of an "Alien" to accentuate a "Fifth Force".... thought it was a bit odd but assumed it was some kind of glitch in the video.
One century later: this all looks like pre-Copernican drawing of circles.
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
Epicycles indeed. There is some understanding and some models that kinda agree with, or rather are forced upon, observations. The mess is hugely disappointing though. It's so complicated and random it cannot be but emergent properties from a mathematically simpler, more fundamental structure.
@@hyperduality2838 The Yoda quote really ties it together, I think I will base my understanding of existence around this now.
@@BLooDCoMPleX Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
"The Force" = duality.
Duality (the Force) creates reality!
Light is dual to dark.
The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- generalized duality.
@@hyperduality2838 Ok then buddy. You have a nice day.
Thank You Sabine.
Anyone else notice Sabine seems to always have a new stylish outfit for each video? Her closet must be getting quite cramped.
I think she gets them online then returns them. Or maybe she borrows from family and friends, who all like to see their outfits made famous.
@Quentin Styger That would end up being called the Handy Force.
Zabina's videos:
Length: 8 minutes
useful content: 30%
Brilliant commercials: 70%
I can't thank you enough for admitting that we don't know everything!
Science know a lot of things. These things ask new questions, about witch we don't know the answers. So the researches. Do ont mix up science and research. Science is not in doubt
@@Rob.Dupont What? Science is always in doubt. That's literally the scientific method -- constant testing of hypotheses. It's only political propaganda that science is never in doubt, which has undermined and corrupted science. Simply labeling something as a "study" has been perverted into "dogma that may never be questioned." Science must ALWAYS be questioned, even "settled science" (which doesn't exist), because that's what science is.
@@cuthbertallgood7781 Try again ... harder 🙂. You mix up science and research. As almost everybody do.
Yes, the part of reality that science explain, can always be improve, you are right.
But we have good answers about well asked questions ... no doubt in that ...
About in what we doubt or have no answer, we research solutions with the scientific methods.
If science would be doubt, in what can we trust ...
Lot of People think wrongly like that and it is a catastrophy.
Friendly,
@@Rob.Dupont Your ignorance doesn't change the nature of the scientific method. You are Just Plain Wrong, full stop, but unfortunately your absolute, objective wrongness is all too common. And it's incredibly dangerous, because people use that ignorance to manipulate people. All science is "research" by the nature of the scientific method. Science is ALWAYS -- ALWAYS -- in doubt, though some scientific conclusions are less in doubt than other ones. But all science is always open to reevaluation. In your world, Newtonian physics would have been "settled science" and not open to question before Einstein came along. In what can you trust? Absolutely nothing. Trust, but verify, is the nature of the scientific method. We go with what has the preponderance of evidence, but it's ALWAYS in doubt.
@@cuthbertallgood7781 Please accept to think about that against
your brain.
Earth is round, atom exists, Higgs boson exists ... (since 2012 !), etc, etc. That's the corpus of knowledges that is science. Even, you are right, it can always be improve. For issues about witch we have no good or no answers, we make researches. Researches is doubt or ignorance, not science.
The point, you are right, is the misunderstanding of People.
With the Covid, everybody mix up completely science and research.
That is a reason why, we shoud care to the difference between the two things. In France, lots of (clever) scientists try now to explain this idea.
It's not mine. Please have another look on that.
I'm frenchspeaker, so not easy with my keyboard.
Thank you for this little debate 🙂
Debate is how not to fight ...
Newton physics ... equations are still correct. Albert thinked against his brain, happyly for us ...
omg
can this video be MORE perfect?
i've learned AND get 20% off on brilliant
love u Sabine!!
Inside joke for old Germans only: "Lady Hesketh-Fortescue hath found a fiths forth...force."
I noticed a few times that she has some similarity with the late Evelyn Hamann.
@@Anerisian Oh damn, that similarity wasn't even on my mind, but now that you mention it.... I actually felt with Sabine here - these kinds of th/c/s sequences ARE hard for us Germans to get out right and she did a good job.
First thing that came to my mind. 😊
Exactly. Sabine would have mastered that whole story of North Cothelstone Hall without a single mistake ;) Sorry, I have to bring in the link: ua-cam.com/video/aGU90ug9jBw/v-deo.html
The grumpiest yet the most informative source of information about the fundamental physics.
I thought the 5th element was supposed to be LOOOVE !!! The strongest force in the universe, that conquers space and time, and even makes the stars shine, probably.
That’s what. Ann Hathaway’s character said in that terrible Sci-Fi movie “Interstellar”. Lamest line ever, I nearly walked out of the cinema when she said that.
7:08 I was NOT expecting that
Love!
fifth element, my bad
@@alistairmurray626 MULTI PASS
Gravity, apples falling down and all that...love it. Your gratis of quality education is an absolute blessing. Thank you !
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
Forces are dual. Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull.
Energy = force * distance.
If forces are dual then energy is dual.
Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- the electro-magnetic force is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton
Space is the difference between two dual points -- space duality.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry.
Lines are non null homotopic in topology or lines are dual, anti-podal points identify for the rotation group S0(1,3) -- spinors SU(2,C).
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Duality creates reality.
"The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality.