110 - A Huge New German Offensive Begins - Operation Typhoon! - WW2 - October 3, 1941
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- Опубліковано 2 жов 2020
- Adolf Hitler's renewed drive on Moscow, the Soviet capital, begins this week, even as the Japanese drive on Changsha ends. But major news this week is the colossal amount of equipment, arms, and ammunition that Britain and the neutral USA plan to ship to the beleaguered Soviet Union.
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Written and Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Director: Astrid Deinhard
Producers: Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson
Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson, Bodo Rittenauer
Creative Producer: Joram Appel
Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns
Research by: Indy Neidell
Edited by: Miki Cackowski
Sound design: Marek Kamiński
Map animations: Eastory ( / eastory )
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Dememorabilia - / dememorabilia
Carlos Ortega Pereira, BlauColorizations, / blaucolorizations
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Klimbim - www.flickr.com/photos/2215569...
Sources:
Bundesarchiv
Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe
RIA Novosti archive, image #585208
Yad Vashem 3725/4
Picture of Lord Beaverbrook, courtesy Yousuf Karsh, Dutch National Archives
Graphics of Hawker Hurricane, courtesy Martin Čížek en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hu...
Graphic of P-39Q Airacobra, courtesy Martin Čížek commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
From the Noun Project: Skull by Muhamad Ulum, Radar by Econceptive, Mining by Pham Duy Phuong Hung, golds by iconsphere, Diamond by IconMark, puncture by supalerk laipawat, tire by Juan León, wool ball by IconMark, Boots by Atif Arshad, Oil by TTHNga, Needle by artworkbean, Gloves by Berkah Icon, Knife by Vladimir Belochkin, saw by Stepan Voevodin, forceps by IcoLabs, Chest X-ray by Turkkub, pills by Komkrit Noenpoempisut, antibiotics by UNiCORN, Roll by rivercon
Soundtracks from the Epidemic Sound:
Johan Hynynen - Dark Beginning
Johannes Bornlof - Death And Glory 3
Jon Bjork - For the Many
Johannes Bornlof - Last Man Standing 3
Reynard Seidel - Deflection
Johannes Bornlof - The Inspector 4
Bonnie Grace - The Dominion
Johannes Bornlof - Deviation In Time
Gunnar Johnsen - Not Safe Yet
Rannar Sillard - March Of The Brave 10
Archive by Screenocean/Reuters www.screenocean.com.
A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH.
A huge new German offensive begins, but there is plenty happening behind the lines in occupied territory as atrocities against civilians only grow in scale. We cover the humanitarian crisis created both deliberately and by collateral effects that the war has on the world population in our War Against Humanity series that is now coming out every second week to keep up with the increasing pace of terror. Watch those episodes here: ua-cam.com/play/PLsIk0qF0R1j4cwI-ZuDoBLxVEV3egWKoM.html
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...and please read our rules of conduct before you comment, it saves everyone time: community.timeghost.tv/t/rules-of-conduct/4518
11:10 Cuba crossover
the video's been up less than 24h and there's already a downvote. congratulations on getting someone to pay to be a hater
Never been so early! Also I am going to support the patreon
9:05 It is 1800 according to the script but 18000 on screen.
*sigh* chahng?shah pinyin a is always pronounced like in German. A as in far never like ape.
is polyphonic so even google got this one wrong. 长沙 means "long sands" or "great sands". But baidu gets it right. Click the speaker underneath the Chinese characters to hear it.
fanyi.baidu.com/#zh/en/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99
EACH AND EVER CRIB COSTS AN AGENT OR SOLDIER'S LIFE! TGAT'S Y!
Germany: We nearly took Moscow.
Russia: We literally carried our factories over mountains.
Shades of 1812. Even if the Germans had reached Moscow there wouldn't have been much of value left there, very similar to how they burned their own city the last time and forced Napoleon to turn back and lose his army.
In Soviet Russia physics obey our laws
@Yieri Not after most of the war time infrastructure was moved past Urals.
@@inspirer4763 It would take a few years for the Ural industry to reach optimal production, up until that happened around the Moscow area was the war industry concentrated and had the Germans disrupted that, it would seriously cripple their war effort.
@@Grondorn Germans "seriously cripple their (Soviet) war effort" time and time again. By now every time when Indy mentions German plans, I ask myself "seriously?".
Hoth and Hoeppner: "Slow and steady, slow and steady"
Guderian: *Initial D Soundtrack*
running in the 40s
N-NANI??? TANKSEI DORIFTO???
GAS GAS GAS
Guderian and Rommel were the embodiment of eurobeat - Panzer Edition.
Must be nice to have the only asphalt road in the country for some tank drifting
Professor Frink: Well, as you can see, in case of a Nazi invasion, the factory
raises on its feet from it's foundations and runs down the street, over the Urals to safety...
The Germans (and Indy's phone partner) have apparently never heard the legend of Baba Yaga. They should have expected buildings with legs, and possibly even flying stoves.
*Leg snaps, factory falls over, catches fire*
*the factory catches fire as it runs away*
Lol
Evidently the inspiration for the Mortal Engines books.
"Thats a lot!"
*US Industry* : "I'm not even getting started yet."
It needed to be a lot. Soviet production capacity, while impressive, was mitigated by the transferring of that capacity. Thus, the defense of Moscow was featured by the fact that most of the tanks the Soviets were using were British built.
*US INDUSTRY* "Bitch Im still sleeping"
@Gene Litvinov I have overstated. A Wikipedia article states that between 30-40% of the heavy and medium tanks used in the defense of Moscow ("at the beginning of December 1941") were British built. So while not "most", the British built tanks were a significant portion of the defense of Moscow.
@Kira obviously coming late to this discussion. I cited a Wikipedia article that stated between 30-40 percent of the heavy and medium tanks used in the defense of Moscow were British built. Do you have an issue with that article?
@Kira do you have a problem reading? I already said in a previous comment that I had overstated. How about reading through the comment thread before letting your emotions rule your response?
9:20 - 10:15 is it me, or does Indy sound like his practicing to work as an auctioneer? lol
I'm wondering how many takes it took and really want to see the blooper reel :)
lol,TRUE!
Must be the tie auctions on the other channel
One cannot escape the tie barn
I was expecting the melody from "The Irish Rover" to kick in at some point during that monologue.
"We had one million bags of the best Sligo rags
We had two million barrels of stone
We had three million sides of old blind horses hides
We had four million barrels of bones
We had five million hogs and six million dogs
Seven million barrels of porter
We had eight million bails of old nanny goats' tails
In the hold of the Irish Rover"
Russia: Only 15,000 bone saws? We need more than that!
Allies: Sorry, I'm going to have to cut you off there...
Something must be left to Saudi Arabia...
But wait, there’s an upside . As the saws grow dull, they will be be able to serve as spay devices for the invaders 👍👍
Ba-dum-tss! :D
I studied Russian in the Soviet Union in the summer of 1984. I remember seeing a few amputees who looked like they were old enough to have been in WW2 and at least one of them was wearing campaign medals on his jacket front. Those amputation saws were clearly put to use.
Came, Saw and conquered
*Indy rattles off all the supplies that the Allies are sending to the Soviet Union*
"Wait, wait, sorry Indy. The mic wasn't on. Can you start over, please?"
Indy: "Fuck it! We'll do it live!"
LOOOOL
Brave deeds like that of Mayor Vershovsky should never be forgotten. Thank you Time Ghost for continuing your great work
I thought baptism should be under pastor not mayor
@@khaleddekar2188 I think the mayor only organised it. And remember these would of been orthodox Christians, not that it matters.
@@Davey-Boyd they would only be Orthodox Christians on the paper (and that's all that matters).
"5 km a day in july, less than half in august, 1,2 in september"
Reminds me of that paradox, Achilles chasing a turtle but never catching it.
Their lengthening supply lines, and to a lesser extent their casualties, are slowing them down.
@@stevekaczynski3793 And ever so slightly more organized Soviet army.
Soviet factories were just like *"Aight I'mma head out"*
I thought only the Terrans could do that.
@@mangonel Ukraine
Український Уpод
. Such is the intellectual level of engagement to which American popular culture has reduced us.
@@elrjames7799 Calm down its just a joke... Also, im not american????
@rob 998 It's "nyet".
That Soviet shopping list still wasn't as long as the letter I wrote to Father Christmas when I was 6 ;) However, I'm sure you will do it at some point, but those Arctic Convoys need to be covered, their war was grim and incredibly dangerous.
You've asked Santa Claus for 1800 Hurricanes and 15 thousand amputee saws for Christmas present?? XD
Piotr Rybiński Might have done...
Deepest respect for the Merchant Marines who ran those routes.
@@cobbler9113 Did you get them?
@@cobbler9113 LOL, settle down John Wayne Gacy.....
This episode was the perfect length for me. I started it as I left the house for work and it ended right as I got to the parking lot.
EDIT: I actually watch it properly at home first and then I listen to it again podcast style. I'm not watching the maps as I drive but I'm not ignoring them either.
My work journey is just long enough for me to listen to the episode twice.
I do hope you weren’t driving while watching! 😨
Katarina Bleu Lazy Bum
@Katarina Bleu gettin tht dough. can't knock on tht 🤷♂️🤷♀️
@@LacyJacy Patreon's get early acces.
Typo in 9:01 Building and sending 18000 aircraft is a tall order even for the industrial might of USA and Britain
Caught that too.
That is how many airplanes they received by the end of the war though, but yeah its a typo
I think he said 1800, maybe they accidentally added a 0
U.S.A and Britain : So what do you need ?
The Soviets : Yes
@Azoth Ace hoi4 trying to save russia as USA
U.S.A. and Britain: That all? Ok.
When he pointed out that the USSR was a production powerhouse but still needed all those supplies, I was like "wut". The sheer scale of the war blows my mind. And the casualties. I don't think I have seen a battle yet with casualties in the 4 digits. 5 digits is the minimum, 6 digits the norm. It is insane. The Eastern front is insane. The whole was insane. And we haven't even gotten to the trule insane battles yet, or the entire pacific front when coked out Japan goes kaboom
@@zainabbasi8304 The kinda did needed those supplies: food, planes, clothing, trucks, etc
@@generalfred9426 yeah that is what blows my mmind. The USSR had a decent if not amazing manufacturing base. For them to still need SO MUCH is a testament to the insanity, ferocity and scale of the second world war.
What Anastas Mikoyan and Soviet Industrial commisariat accomplished is truly amazing. They relocated more than %80 of Soviet industry at Belarussia and Ukraine , Baltics to east of Ural mountains. Whole factories were moved and entire new industrial towns like Tankograd were established from thin air and worked continious basis (the workers were sleeping next to machinary in three shift work and only workers exceeded quatas were given extra rations as reward. If they had a family this is a big motivational incentive) Mikoyan might have been a Stalinist murderer or at least an acolyte but hey give the credit due.
Indeed a Mindblowing achievement. Years latter Anastas also played a major role in the cuban missile crisis. That witty Armenian is one of the few communists that is not on my shitlist, when all is said and done his achievements outweight his sins.
The central government controlling every aspect of a nation's life and economy is a pathway to many achievements some consider to be....unnatural.
> Tankograd
I see the people in charge had little time left for naming their cities, after they were busy planning all of this
@rob 998 Not from the liberals...
Well said, whatever his other actions, the administrative and logistical work required to do such a move is truly epic in nature.
Hitler: *speech about the beginning of Operation Typhoon*
German troops: I'm beginning to think this guy has lost touch with reality.
Stalin: here's my wish list.
Churchill and Roosevelt: geez... you sure that's everything?
Stalin: Actually one more thing several crates of Coca Cola for Zhukov
Roosevelt: We've got Pepsi
A massive blow to Soviet Western relations was dealt.
@rob 998 crazy. 😳😬
@@wetlettuce4768 also the Soviets were kinda pissed when the crates were delivered one at a time by fighter jet and then exploded upon opening so there was nothing left to drink.
@@wetlettuce4768 The real reason behind De-Stalinisation
Stalin: here's my wish list.
Churchill and Roosevelt: geez... you sure that's everything?
Stalin: . . . And for tomorrow . . .
Indy at 8:52 - 10:16 sounds like an old timey news reporter on radio or a sports commentator. Impressive speed and lung capacity!
I was thinking more like a an Infomercial Salesman... but that works too
He should have shouted "GOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALLLLLL!" at the end of the list.
My grandfather was a combat soldier in the Wehrmacht. He joined in 1938 and fought in Poland, then France and finally Russia. He told me when I was a kid that one of the big differences in Russia was that despite the huge number of prisoners taken, was the stubbornness of small, individual Soviet units right from the start.
He told me about how his unit attack one bunker that wouldn’t surrender even when it was hopeless. Eventually someone from his unit managed to throw some explosives in to silence the bunker. When they got up to the bunker they found it locked....from the outside! So those inside couldn’t have got out anyway.
All thirteen Soviet soldiers inside were dead...and included women.
thanks for the story. RIP.
@@marcusaurelius4526 Thank you.
He was wounded in Russia in 1943...a Russian bullet through both thighs. But, he survived the war and kept both legs!
He died in 1979 aged 68 when I was 16.
Liberty Ship was one of weapons which won Allies the war. Logistical chain across Atlantic is quite impressive achievement. It still looks like most difficult part of keeping those armies and navies and air forces supplied is right at the end of chain. Getting ammunition and supplies and food to troops doing the hard work is really hard.
Building a self propelled warehouse every six weeks is an amazing feat of production.
@@mjbull5156
We could build a Liberty ship in 6 weeks, true, but we were building two or three dozen AT THE SAME TIME! Possibly more. Our industrial power was immense, and our government and corporations have thrown most of that capability away! WHAT are they trying to do to us?? There's got to be a master plan that we don't know anything about.
@@dough6759 wtf are you talking about
Timestamps:
1:07 Japanese Actions in China This Week
1:48 Operation Typhoon - Army Group Center This Week
5:23 Operation Barbarossa - Army Group North This Week
7:02 Operation Barbarossa - Army Group South This Week
7:20 Maritime News This Week
8:03 First Moscow Conference - USSR Wants ALLLLLLL The Supplies
9:11 Indy Exhibits Speedy Speech Skills (10:10 Bless You, Indy)
10:19 Phone Call Reference - USSR's Movement of Its Industrial Resources
12:10 War Against Humanity Update: Massacres at Babi Yar, Nikolaev, and Kherson, & Drama Uprising
13:19 Summary of the Week
13:29 Thoughts on How Those Supplies Might Impact the War
Your services are greatly appreciated comrade
Thanks!😊😊
Please continue with this format on the following episodes!
The reports the Germans sent to their soldiers in the east are really interesting
Positive reaction: we have destroyed so many soviet planes and tanks we are going to win this war
Negative reaction: we have destroyed so many planes and tanks and they are still fighting they must have tens of thousands more planes and tanks we are doomed
Edit: I mean it's interesting to thing what the soldiers thought when they learned about this
There's a recording of hitler, one of the few non-speech giving recordings that survives today, about hitler despairing just about this fact. Where he himself said "had a general told me at the start of the war how many tanks the soviets had, i would've declared him insane- but we've killed 35000 tanks now and they don't seem to be running out of them"
We discussed this quite a bit back in July and August. Even during the early stages of Barbarossa it must have seemed to the average foot soldier dealing with the slog and the distances and the logistic problems that Germany had bitten off way more than it could chew by invading Russia. And the Red Army that never seemed like they ran out of soldiers or tanks on top of it? Yikes.
@@demrandom Are you referring to this recording ua-cam.com/video/l85RvOvtMsw/v-deo.html ?
Well, the higher up ones might have recalculated that they have by this time destroyed several times the number of planes and tanks they initially thought the russians had in total.
@@zhanyordanov114 That is a very interesting recording. Thank you for sharing.
In additon to the shopping list displayed on screen, the anglo-american alliance supplied thousands of trucks, machine tools, strategic minerals and rations. The soviet soldier got used to spam quite quickly.
Operation Typhoon? Brings to mind a certain Arthur "Bomber" Harris quote...
"They sowed the wind, and now they are going to reap the whirlwind"
Only on this occasion they're going to eventually reap a Red Storm.
10:16 Does Stalin want fries with all of that?
This week in occupied Greece:
On Saturday, September 27, 1941, the largest resistance movement in occupied Greece was founded. It was the 'National Liberation Front', or 'EAM' (pronounced 'eh-Uhm'), which politically belonged to the Left.
At the KKE's 6th Meeting of Central Committee (KKE is the 'Communist Party of Greece') in early July 1941, a resistance movement was decided to be formed, and a strategy for an armed liberation struggle against the Axis invaders, was defined. The movement had two goals: 1) The liberation of Greece from foreign yoke, and, 2) the calling of a referendum after the liberation of the country on the form of government best suited to the 'sovereign Greek people' (sic).
EAM was founded in a small house in downtown Athens. The four signatory parties were: Lefteris Apostolou on behalf of KKE, Christos Chomenides for the Socialist Party of Greece, Elias Tsirimokos on behalf of the leftist, Union of People's Democracy, and Apostolos Voyiadzis for the Agrarian Party. Soon, they were joined by other centre-left or non-politicised Greek Resistance militants. EAM would eventually see an unprecedented expansion: In late April 1944, when the Political Committee of National Liberation, the KKE-dominated EAM government established in the liberated mountainous region of Eurytania (Central Continental Greece), called for secret elections in both the liberated parts of Greece and the still-occupied ones, between 1.5-2 million Greeks (!!) voted in this election (from an estimated population of 7.5 million people).
On Monday, September 28, 1941, an uprising in the Bulgarian occupied NE Greece took place. It was the first uprising in Greece and the second one in Europe, the first had taken place in August, 1941, in Kraljevo, Yugoslavia.
In what is today known as 'The Drama Uprising', 150-200 Greeks instigated by the local KKE chapter, organised in groups of 20-30 insurgents, entered the town of Drama, clashed with the Bulgarian occupation forces there, killed 35 Bulgarian military and executed 12 collaborators. Almost at the same time, 22 other villages and towns revolted against Bulgarian occupation.
During the uprising in the town of Doxato, the insurgents surrounded the police station and set it on fire. 8 Greek gendarmes and an unspecified number of Bulgarian military were killed.
On Tuesday, September 29, 1941, Bulgarian troops moved into Drama and the other rebellious areas to suppress the uprising. They seized all men between 18 and 45, and in what is today known as 'The Drama Massacre' executed over 400 people in Drama. The Bulgarians moved into Doxato too, seized all men between 16 and 65, and massacred 485 of them ('The Doxato Massacre').
An estimated 2,100 Greeks would be killed from the Bulgarian army during the next few weeks. 102 villages would be either razed to the ground or looted.
The Bulgarian massacres precipitated an exodus of Greeks from the Bulgarian controlled Greek territories into the German occupation zone in Central Greek Macedonia which would contribute dramatically to the Greek famine of 1941.
Δράμα, όνομα και πράγμα...
The case of EAM and other pro-allied guerilla groups became politically inconvenient after the war and after the Cold War. Nowadays, some in the West felt that the Anglo-Americans fought the wrong enemy.
It seemed most, perhaps almost all of the significant guerilla resistance groups from Western Europe to the Pacific were left wing or at least pro-left wing.
@@yongzhencai959 Easy to explain, since most communist organizations were illegal in the West, they had already established underground networks, the underground resistance simply took advantage of them
Eminem isn't on Indy's level when it comes to talking rapidly.
Gotta give it to Mikoyan for organising what is probably the largest migration of factories in history. It boggles my mind that our grandfathers had managed to achieve that and have those factories running again in such a short period of time.
Mental.
Coincidentally, my grandpa recently told me about the Drama Uprising and how it ended. He mentioned something about a folklore song describing how local civilians were locked up into an orthodox church and burned alive by the Bulgarians, who were orthodox as well. War is hell, every other scourge is preferable to it.
@Azoth Ace Hawkeye Pierce.
Very interesting! They also did that against their enemies in ww1... Interesting
@@pola5392 Don't know dude. Sounds unimaginable at first but there's no doubt it happened on some occasions
A gem of a tie, although I think the rest of the ensemble is begging for something a little more vibrant/stark in contrast. Nevertheless, 4/5
Idk, I thought the entire outfit was a classic, and extremely sharp; although I'm not very adventurous in these matters.
@@susannahmyers8828 I can only judge the tie and its role in the ensemble
@@gianniverschueren870 I bow to your professionalism!
@@susannahmyers8828 It's a hard job but someone has to do it
Indy, with your hair color, that suit vest and shirt color make you look like a sepia photograph. The tie doesn't help.
This is gonna spark a lot of what-if discussions...
Congrats,you just summed up history as a whole.
Kept in the battle 100%, British heavy tanks were in Moscow by the hundreds as the Germans arrived there
Counterfactuals are a great way to study history, but this channel isn't much of a fan of them. Understandably so, because more often than not they aren't taken seriously - i.e. looking at the IRL forces and resources available and trying to figure out what the leaders could have done with them if they'd made different decisions. Nowadays it's more of the "What if the Luftwaffe had tie fighters?!?!?" kind of idiocy.
@@Raskolnikov70 Agreed
"But what if they had mass produced tigers"
"But what if they had mass produced jet fighters"
"But what if they had completed the A-bomb first"
I'm tired of reading wehraboos making those arguments again and again.
What if the Finns attacked Leningrad from the North? Is always an interesting question to me.
The problem for Lend Lease and British material aid was not production , both US and British industries were making more than enough war materials , British industries under Lord Beeverbrook or Labour under leadership of Ernest Bevin or Clement Attlee were already at total war footing (something German industry still failed to do) And in US last vestiges of Depression was being swept away thanks to Lend Lease orders and deliveries with goverment contracts. The trick was logistics and means of delivery or access points to Russia (ports of delivery) Since Allied operations are mostly overseas , always required more and more shipping tonnage and thanks to Battle of Atlantic (which was vital , a fact British , Canadians , Commonwealth and US recognised but Germans still did not give priorty) there was always a lack of shipping. And which port of delivery could be utilised to send this long shopping list ? It is either Archangel/Murmansk in Kola Peninsula stretching to Arctic Ocean and Northern Arctic region (acceptable in autumn or winter time in Arctic belt close to North Pole , the full day darkness would disguise movements of convoys but in full daylight of spring or summer , God Help them that close to German naval and airbases in occupied Norway) There is also Iran - Tabriz - Caspian Sea - Caucaus route thanks to "Soft Invasion of Iran" but both roads and railways in Iran were extremely limited and undeveloped back then in this region so until a massive road / railway construction or development comes into play , tonnage of deliveries to Soviet Caucaus would not exceed 2.000 tons a month initially. British increased efficiency of railroads and improvised a long truck route from Bandar Abbas to Caspian Sea by 1942 with massive truck convoys across mountain terrain of Central Iran so the deliveries to Russia increased to 5.000 tons per month (three British truck drivers were awarded Red Star by Russians in 1942) but when Tehran - Tabriz railway opened up with modern railway engines and cars in 1943 spring , The Persian Corridor became the new preffered Lend Lease route not before. And Soviet Far East and Vladivostok harbour over there is so far away across entire Siberia , it might be considered at moon though some supplies especialy aircraft could be shipped to Russia via that route. So it is doubtful all these listed promised aid was delivered in promised time window till July 1942
27 September 1941
Eastern Front : The first rains fell on Eastern Front of the European War; mud began to become an issue for the attacking German forces.
Ukraine : German Army Group South captured Perekop , cutting Crimea from rest of Russian mainlaind.
South Atlantic : German submarine U-201 attacked Allied convoy HG-73 600 miles north of the Azores islands, sinking two merchant ships and the anti-aircraft ship HMS Springbank; 32 were killed, 201 survived. Another German submarine U-124 torpedoed and sank Norwegian cargo ship Siremalm from same convoy.
US : 14 Liberty Ships were launched in the United States; they were to be transferred to the United Kingdom via the Lend-Lease program.
Mediterranean Sea : Convoy Halberd inbound to Malta comes under heavy Italian air attack. An Italian torpedo bomber hit and damaged British battleship HMS Nelson in the bow with a torpedo in the Mediterranean Sea between Sardinia, Italy and Tunisia; HMS Nelson was escorting the Operation Halberd convoy for Malta , forced to return back to Gibraltar. One of the troopships in the convoy , Imperial Star was also hit by an Italian aerial torpedo but she was evacuated safely , all crew and troops abroad were taken by other ships before she sank. Anti aircraft defences and fighter escort of Halberd convoy shot down fourteen Italian aircraft in exchange
Meanwhile Royal Navy submarine HMS Upright torpedoed and sank Italian torpedoboat Albatros between Sicily and mainland Italy. German submarine U-371 rescued 42 survivors. Royal Navy submarine HMS Tetrarch torpedoed and sank Italian cargo ship Citta di Bastia and then sank Italian coaster Kromottos in Aegean Sea. British minelaying cruiser HMS Abdiel and destroyers HMS Kandahar, HMS Jaguar, and HMS Griffin departed Alexandria, Egypt after sundown with supplies for Tobruk, Libya. This would be the final supply run for besieged city.
Abyssinia , East Africa : The Italian garrison at Wolchefit Pass in Abyssinia surrendered to British King’s African Rifles regiment.
Hawaii : Joseph Rochefort warned US commanders at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii that the Japanese communication codes were being changed
Archangel , Kola Peninsula , USSR : HMS London arrived in Archangel, Russia with Lord Beaverbrook and Averell Harriman aboard for First Moscow Conferance to organise Lend Lease supplies to Russia
Ukraine : 23,000 Jews were massacred at Kamenets-Podolsk, Ukraine by SS Einsatzgruppen and Ukranian SS auxilaries
28 September 1941
Moscow , USSR : US and British representatives traveled to Moscow, Russia to discuss the matter of western aid to the Soviet Union. First Moscow Conferance began.
Iceland : First Allied convoy code named PQ-1 (infamous PQ series) with eleven cargo ships full of supplies and war material escorted by one cruiser , three destroyers and four minesweepers sailed away inbound to Archangel , Russia. ( By the end of the year five other convoys had followed it, landing 120,000 tons of supplies at Murmansk, Russia, including 640 tanks, 800 aircraft and 1,400 motor vehicles. It was somewhat embarrassing to the Germans that, between 29 Sep and 31 Dec 1941, all 55 vessels of these first six convoys reached their destination without loss)
Leningrad , USSR : Georgy Zhukov announced to his troops that family members of those who become captured by the enemy would be arrested and shot.
Malta , Mediterranean Sea : The Allied Operation Halberd convoy arrived in Malta amid a huge celebration and fanfare from local Malta population and garrison and began to disembark 70,000 tons of supplies and 2.600 extra reinforcement troops aboard its ships.
Meanwhile Royal Navy submarine HMS Tetrarch torpedoed and damaged German ship Yalova 20 miles south of Naples, Italy; Yalova was beached to prevent sinking and declared total loss. Royal Navy corvette HMS Hyacinth shelled and sank Italian submarine Fisala on the surface 35 miles west of Palestine.
Kiev , Ukraine : A notice was posted in Kiev, Ukraine, requiring all Jews in the region to gather at Dorogozhitshaya Street at 0700 hours the next day.
29 September 1941
Berlin : SS Security Chief Reinhard Heydrich was named Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. Hitler and Hydrich intended to turn Bohemia into a German province. Czech universties closed , German became the mandatory language to learn and to teach in schools and thousands of Czechs were evacuated from their homes and farms to make room for German settlers.
Ukraine : SS Einsatzgruppen C shot and massacred somewhere between 50,000 and 96,000 Ukrainians, 33,771 of whom Jews, at the Babi Yar ravine outside Kiev and threw their bodies off cliff. (Children were mostly not shot and just thrown off cliff alive since SS did not wish to waste bullets on non adults) Then any survivors and wounded at the bottom of cliff were finished off by SS troops by pistol shots with a sadistic precision. Many SS or German military personnel (some officers even brought their wives and girlfriends ) and even Ukranian militia , symphatisers witnessed the atrocity.
Moscow , USSR : Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov, British Minister of Supply Lord Beaverbrook, and American envoy Harriman met in Moscow, Russia to discuss lend-lease aid to the Soviet Union.
Crimea : Heavy Soviet resistance in Perekop Istmus reinforced with defensive lines and bunkers prevented the Germans from moving from southern Ukraine into the Krym (Crimea) region of Russia.
Leningrad Front : Finnish troops broke through to the Soviet positions at Petrozavodsk, on Lake Onega but Finnish advance stopped on Karelian - Russian pre war frontier.
Baltic Sea : Soviet submarine ShCh-319 struck a mine and sank off Latvia
Germany : After sundown, ten bombers of RAF Bomber Command No. 102 Squadron were launched from RAF Topcliffe, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom for an attack on Stettin, Germany; the anti-aircraft fire was reported to be heavy. Another group of bombers took off to attack Hamburg, Germany.
Mediterranean Sea : Italian coastal tanker Fluvior struck a mine and sank off Tripoli , Libya.
30 September 1941
Russia : The German Operation Typhoon got an unofficial start when Guderian’s Panzer Group 2 attacked two days ahead of the rest of the operation towards Orel and Bryansk to reach Moscow. Fifteen Soviet Armies positioned in five defensive lines east of Moscow from Orel , Bryansk to Vyazma to Soviet capital. Meanwhile General Von Kleist’s 1st Panzer Group headed towards Donts industrial basin and Rostov.
France : Vichy Foreign Minister Pierre Laval was discharged from the hospital after recovering from the wounds sustained during the unsuccessful assassination attempt against him on 25 Aug 1941.
Mediterranean Sea : Italian submarine Adua attacked British ships sailing for Malta to Gibraltar (having just completed escorting the Operation Halberd on the previous day) 250 miles east of Gibraltar. British destroyers HMS Gurkha and HMS Legion counterattacked with depth charges, sinking the Italian submarine, killing all 46 aboard.
Ukraine : The leadership of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet began to consider evacuating forces in Odessa, Ukraine to the Crimean region of Russia (now also in Ukraine).
1 October 1941
Moscow , USSR : Moscow Agreement between UK , US and USSR signed. The protocol produced at the end of the US-UK-USSR aid conference determined immediate and long-term deliveries to the Soviet Union, with the agreement subject to annual review. US and UK guaranteed to send 500 tanks and 400 aircraft , 1.256 anti tank guns , various motorised vehicles from armored cars to jeeps to trucks , destroyers ,modern Anti Submarine Warfare equipment and 400.000 pairs of boots , winter clothing , medical supplies and machine tools and vast amounts of raw material for Soviet war industries including aluminium (which Stalin confessed they needed desperately) and wool. The final agreement has mercurial Stalin as Lord Beaverbrook remarked , beaming like sunshine after rain.
Leningrad : Finnish troops reached Petrozavodsk, the capital of Soviet Republic of Karelia, further cutting off Leningrad in northern Russia.
Rastenburg , East Prussia : Wilhelm Keitel ordered that, in regards to the hostages the German military had been holding and executing in retaliation of partisan attacks, choice of victims would be important, as well-known victims would have greater effect in keeping the occupied peoples in line.
Russia : The Soviet NKVD ordered the release of 51,257 Polish prisoners of war for the formation of a Polish unit under General Wladislaw Anders to fight against Germany
Vilna , Baltics : 3.000 Jews were rounded up and massacred in Ponary woods
Atlantic Ocean : British tanker San Florentino , straggled behind her convoy , was torpedoed and sunk by German submartine U-94.
03 October 1941
USA : The official copy of the British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee Report, written by James Chadwick, reached Vannevar Bush.
Russia : In Russia, Panzer Group 2 of the German Army Group Center captured Orel 220 miles south-southwest of the Soviet capital in Moscow. Orel was captured, so quickly that there was no time for the Russians to destroy its remaining factories. Elsewhere German troops attempted to encircle the Soviet Bryansk Front.
Mediterranean Sea : Royal Navy submarine HMS Talisman sank the already beached German ship Yalova south of Naples, Italy. Dutch submarine O.21 sank Vichy French ship Oued Yquem off Sardinia, Italy.
Black Sea : Soviet passanger ship Dniepr was torpedoed and sunk by Luftwaffe DO-217 bombers off Odessa. 40 people aboard perished.
Norwegian Sea : A Royal Norwegian Navy motor torpedo boat MTB56 sank German tanker Borgny off Bergen, Norway.
South Atlantic : A British Walrus reconnaissance aircraft from Royal Navy cruiser HMS Kenya spotted German U-boat supply ship Kota Pinang 300 miles northeast of the Azores islands. HMS Kenya closed in and sank Kota Pinang by gunfire.
India : Mahatma Gandhi calls all subjects of British India to start a campaign of passive resistance
Australia : Labour leader John Curtin became new Australian Prime Minister
Berlin , Germany : At the Berliner Sportpalast in the German capital, Adolf Hitler announced during a rally that the Germans had captured 2,500,000 Soviet prisoners of war, destroyed or captured 22,000 guns, destroyed or captured 18,000 tanks, destroyed 14,500 aircraft, and since 1939 had expanded Germany by an area four times as large as Britain. He stressed that the Soviet Union had been broken and would never rise again.
wtf dude, why are you replying to yourself?
12:14 the War Against Humanity gets that big it starts spilling back over into the regular episodes again
Indi, please make a special episode on how Anastas Mikoyan moved Soviets Industry Eastward, a part of me is so skeptical that such a massive project was done right in months. Amazing Series , you and the editing team do a great job, only if my history teachers were actors and historians like you :-)
Herr Hitler, are you familiar with the notion of a Pyrrhic Victory?
Reads Hitler's Operation Typhoon announcement.
I see that you are not.
Goering made a triumphalist speech, I think later in October 1941, claiming that the USSR was crushed and would not rise again. Wishful thinking of course.
The decision to send aid to the USSR suggests that the US and British governments did not think it was a lost cause and that an Axis victory was a foregone conclusion.
@@stevekaczynski3793 Chief of Staff Halder declared victory after 2 weeks, in the beginning of July.
What I love about watching this series real-time is that I feel the air is actually getting colder where I live and it makes the anticipation for the Russian winter even more intense.
Indy: "...Babi Yar massacre..."
Captions: "Baby Jar massacre..."
That got scary af fast.
A possible German transliteration of Babi Yar from Russian or Ukrainian might result in "Baby Jar".
Great lies of history:
WWI: this war will be over by Christmas
WWII: this war will be over by winter
John Casimir: I will defeat Russia's armies before winter
Napoleon: I will defeat Russia's armies before winter
@@gargravarr2
Hitler: We will wring Britain's neck like a chicken's.
Churchill: "Some chicken, some neck"
We cannot reach Britain, so let's attack Russia instead.
Both WERE over by Christmas and winter. They just failed to mention it'd be 4 years later in both cases.
War on Terror: this war will be over.
Moving all those factories beyond the reach of the Germans on such short notice is probably the most impressive accomplishment of the entire war.
Learned that the US was supplying USSR (or at least planning support) before Pearl Harbor.
planning support
Yes, the U.S. was neutral in name only and had been for quite some time. IIRC, Indy even covered some of the Atlantic battle stuff that has been going on with a supposedly 'peaceful' America.
Thank you! I find it fascinating how invested and involved the US was in the war before making it ‘official’. We knew we were going to join the war at some point. PH was the excuse. Of course Hitler knew we were supplying the allies. Why else would he declare war first? We were already in.
No, they were not supplying the USSR, they were just "lending and leasing" stuff. Nudge, nudge, wink wink.
@@nicholasconder4703 Actually the Soviets had to pay for everything in cash for a good while yet as the Americans still didnt really like them, Britain acted as an intermediary buying the goods from America on the Soviets behalf and extending the soviets credit to pay for it while at the same time giving their own aid freely.
And yet, it was astonishing how badly the Russians had been caught off guard at the beginning of Operation Typhoon. They were simply not expecting a major German offensive so late in the year. As masses of German tanks and infantry swept forward there was shock and bewilderment among the front-line soldiers, disbelief and hesitancy from Stalin’s high command. At the beginning of October Major Ivan Shabalin, head of the Soviet Fiftieth Army’s political section, was stationed north-west of Orel near the town of Bryansk. Shabalin was apprehensive. ‘In each of our divisions I have found the command system ineffective and morale poor,’ he wrote in his diary:
"Many of our men have been recruited from
regions now under German occupation - they are now understandably worried about the fate of their families. And although we have held the same defence line for over two months, there has been scant preparation against an enemy attack and the few measures that have been taken seem hurried and inadequate. At night time, when the Germans conduct their reconnaissance, the men in our forward positions simply sleep. We fail to take any active measures . . . this is a travesty of how war should be conducted - I despair! Someone needs to take hold of this situation urgently.
"
Alarmingly, on 2 October there was no one on the Soviet side who could take hold of the situation. In July and August 1941 one of the Soviet Union’s most able generals and commander-in-chief of the Western Front, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, directing a united force of defenders, had brought the German Army Group Centre to a halt east of
Smolensk. But in September Stalin had sent Timoshenko south to Kiev and split the forces defending Moscow into three separate formations. The Soviet leader had made a terrible blunder - and it left the defence of Russia’s capital in a complete mess. Shabalin’s Fiftieth Army was supposed to be part of the Bryansk Front, commanded by Colonel General Andrei Yeremenko; to the north of them, based at the town of Vyazma, was another front, the Western Front of Lieutenant General Ivan Konev, and joining them - to complete an already confused picture - was the Reserve Front of Marshal Semyon Budenny. These Soviet forces, around 900,000 strong, were numerically outnumbered by the German Army Group Centre, and crucially, they had far less air support. There was no effective liaison between their respective HQs and little contact with their forward units. It was a recipe for disaster.
Jones, Michael. The Retreat: Hitler's First Defeat . John Murray Press. Kindle Edition.
On 2 October Shabalin found himself directly in Typhoon’s path: ‘A continuous rumble of enemy
artillery can be heard,’ he recorded, ‘and masses of their aircraft are flying overhead - our flak guns are shooting at them constantly. It is clear we are facing a major assault along our whole front, and in many sections our troops have already been pushed back.’ Shabalin noticed something strange. ‘I expected to be imbued with martial emotions,’ he wrote, ‘but instead feel only a surprising, hollow emptiness.’ The following day he added: ‘The situation is chaotic - our signal corps works badly, our command structure likewise. The generals in our neighbouring armies keep to the rear, already making plans for their own escape. We hear that Orel has been evacuated, and that town is 150 kilometres behind our own position - such hopeless disorder!’
Something urgently needed to be done, and on 4 October, despairing of effective orders from Stalin’s high command, Shabalin went to see Major General Mikhail Petrov, commander of the Fiftieth Army, to discuss how they themselves might try to check the German offensive. Driving through the
village of Dyatkovo the two men found one of their divisional commanders, who claimed he had not received orders and as a result was doing nothing. Next they encountered the division’s commissar, who told them he was trying to ascertain the situation on the ground, but as he was heading in the wrong direction Petrov and Shabalin found this difficult to believe. Something was terribly wrong. They kept stopping groups of fleeing soldiers, telling them to about-turn and get back to divisional HQ.
Then the two men halted. A scene of desolation was opening up before them. Gun emplacements and machine-gun posts lay obliterated by German air attacks; forward trenches had been simply blasted to pieces by their artillery. With the Luftwaffe dominant in the skies the remaining Red Army soldiers were constantly forced to seek shelter, and had been unable to counter the enemy at all. In contrast, German infantrymen were so confident that they advanced towards Russian positions walking upright, as if they were on parade.
Shabalin was totally dismayed. ‘The division I am with is smashed,’ he wrote. ‘We have lost contact with the regiment on our right flank, and have no idea if anyone remains alive. The regiment on our left is down to its last twenty men, and the division as a whole can scarcely muster 300. The Germans are making fresh probing attacks and our forces are in total disorder.’ Shabalin felt badly let down. ‘It was vital that we undertook a counter-attack,’ he continued angrily, ‘but nothing happened. On both sides, a mass of armies has rolled into battle, but we seem terrified of the Germans. Orel is burning and three Soviet armies are encircled and what is our high command doing? - it sits and “thinks”, such is its response to this crisis. I am beside myself with exasperation. What next - are we going to allow the entire front to collapse?’
Jones, Michael. The Retreat: Hitler's First Defeat . John Murray Press. Kindle Edition.
The Bryansk Front was indeed collapsing and Stalin and his high command seemed paralysed with shock. While they hesitated, unable to believe the news they were hearing, the advancing
Germans drove a wedge between Shabalin’s Fiftieth Army and Soviet forces further south. That evening Shabalin again met up with Petrov. Petrov, a courageous man and skilful soldier, was totally overwhelmed. ‘Petrov discussed matters with me,’ Shabalin related, ‘and said that Front HQ seemed unable to provide help or clear instructions. He asked, “Are we really supposed to keep shooting people for retreating without permission in a situation like this? It makes a mockery of army discipline.” The general then produced a litre of alcohol, and after downing it all fell into a deep sleep.’ Shabalin concluded: ‘With our commander in such a state we can expect few active measures against the enemy. Meanwhile German tanks are racing towards Bryansk to complete the encirclement of our forces.’
Higher up the Soviet military hierarchy things were little better, for the commander of the Bryansk Front, Colonel General Yeremenko, was himself struggling to master a near hopeless
situation. On 2 October, when the German onslaught began, Yeremenko had requested permission to employ flexible tactics against the enemy, retreating where necessary, but Stalin’s supreme command had brusquely told him to hold his battle lines. Yeremenko then left his HQ in Bryansk and moved up to his front-line positions to organise a counter-attack against the Germans, but instead ran straight into the advancing Panzers. With no forewarning of the enemy’s breakthrough, and suddenly seeing German tanks ahead of him, Yeremenko ordered his car and radio van to reverse off the road immediately, only to find that he had driven straight into a swamp. The general was forced to abandon his vehicle and start walking. At the height of the German offensive the commander of three Soviet armies was left wading through rivers and marshland, completely out of contact with his own HQ and Stalin’s high command. Late on the evening of 5 October he reappeared, eventually having hitched a lift from a passing lorry.
After this unfortunate escapade Yeremenko
once more tried to get Moscow to authorise a withdrawal. But the commander’s run of misfortune had not yet ended. While waiting for a response he heard the clanking of tank tracks. Looking out of the window, he saw to his astonishment that German Panzers were now only a few hundred yards from his command post. Rushing outside, with shells exploding around him, he hurriedly gathered a scratch force of several lorries, three tanks and some infantry from a nearby assembly area. Taking charge of this impromptu convoy, he broke through German lines and sped away. Yeremenko had once again managed to evade capture by the enemy, but other members of his staff had already fled in panic, reporting to Moscow that the HQ had been entirely overrun. Believing Yeremenko dead, Stalin’s high command then appointed General Petrov to his position. Their chain of command was dissolving in complete chaos.
Jones, Michael. The Retreat: Hitler's First Defeat . John Murray Press. Kindle Edition.
@@merdiolu SPOILER
Killed later in the month, Shabalin's diary was captured by the Germans and translated - the translation into German exists. The original seems to have been lost. It was fairly unusual for Red Army officers to keep diaries as it was a security risk.
Tiny graphical error. It's supposed to be 1800 Hurricanes&Spitfires not 18000. Great video as usual.
just like being drowned in a quarter million stukas when the war goes on too long
@@pnutz_2 ae 250000 cas_equipment_1 Would be scary if Hitler had just written that in the console.
@@Perkelenaattori True dat
Thank you for your report to the retaliation after the Drama rebelion in Macedonia. For many Greeks of our times this slaughter is something completely forgoten. The Bulgarian Army took an example from their German allies in Crete and went even further. The triple occupation of Greece was just in the beggining.
Here is a WW2 story. My great grandfather worked on the Manhattan Project. He built the fuse that set the bomb off at the right altitude. He subscribed to a children’s science magazine to wind down for the night and then give them to his kids. One night, he was reading the magazine and saw that there was a formula extremely similar to what he was working on. He called the FBI and they confiscated every single magazine that was sent out from readers and they interrogated the writer of the formula who said it was a coincidence, like the the Gold, Omaha, and Overload incident.
You know, considering that the US and Britain probably sent field hospital equipment, and field hospitals generally have a wash basin or something; That would mean that they were LITERALLY sending everything and the kitchen sink.
ngl, that made me laugh.
That Lend Lease was unbelievable! That's what I call helping out.
Indeed, and the soviets paid back by turning hostile towards their suppliers a little more than 5 years later.
@@pultsari9036 That's why we never trust commies. Apparently our countries cannibalised the vehicles before sending them, took out the best engines etc and replaced them with older models.
@@pultsari9036 The Enemy of my Enemy is not always your friend, especially when your relations were already hostile before the current conflict. It was an alliance of necessity.
@@S3Cs4uN8 Yes I am very aware of that, but I still think that's kind of outrageous after the mountains of equipment they received for free to save their asses. I think Patton was especially aware of the uneasy alliance and what was to follow. Had it been up to him, the push from the west would've probably continued much further into Eastern Europe.
@@pultsari9036 Good thing it wasn't up to him then. And do keep in mind the supplies sent to the soviets wasn't some benevolent act of selfless charity on the part of the Allies, they needed the soviets to stay in the fight and keep the germans bogged down till they could finally get their own shit together and I'd be amazed if the Soviet government didn't know this.
So given that context and the ideologically supercharged state of the world post-war I can't say I fault the Soviets for downplaying it.
That shopping list really displays how superior the allies were in the production game!
I consider myself a pretty big history buff, but your week by week coverage always manages to show me something new. Great attention to detail, and as always another great video.
It's a shame the amount of assistance and cooperation that occurred between the USSR and Anglo-Americans was downplayed so heavily by both sides during the Cold War. It really was one of the most monumental acts of setting aside differences to accomplish the greater good.
"this opponent has already broken down and will never rise again" l
The price of arrogance is death
Overconfidence is a slow and insidious killer. (c)
@@CruelDwarf was about to type the same DD quote! you stole my thunder :)
Russia is the black knight saying "I can still bite you!", and means it.
IIRC Gen. Halder wrote the same thing in his diary 3 or 4 weeks into the campaign.
Comprehensive. I like learning what was going on coincidentally in different theaters of war. Best maps I've ever seen. Makes it really easy to understand what you are talking about. Great job. thank you.
Finally Indy said "Stavka" instead of "Shtavka" Thanks God!
Theres hope for Moss cowe still!
And Oral for Орёл, pronounced as or-YOL, the town Gen Heinz Guderian was headed toward. The word itself means eagłe, BTW
Evolution of Soviet forces, October 1st to November 1st:
(Note: The regiments and battalions listed are only those not belonging to any brigade or division, usually a Soviet division was composed of at least 2 regiments + 1 battalion following different templates.)
At the front:
Active Fronts (Army Groups): 8 (=)
Armies: 37 (=)
Divisions:
Rifle: 213 to 193 (-20).
Opolcheniye: 0 to 5 (+5).
Cavalry:30 to 35 (+5).
Motor Rifle: 2 to 1 (-1).
Armour: 5 to 6 (+1).
Air defense: 2 (=).
Brigades:
Rifle:18 to 14 (-4).
Motor rifle: 0
(=)
Armour: 37 to 44 (+7).
Airborne: 7 to 5 (-2).
Artillery: 6 to 4 (-2).
Air defense: 22 to 12 (-10).
Regiments:
Rifle: 11 to 9 (-2).
Cavalry: 1 to 2 (+1)
Armour: 2 (=).
Motorcycle: 4 to 6 (+2).
Engineers: 1 (=)
Artillery: 134 to 155 (+21)
Guards Mortars*: 10 to 12 (+2)
Fortified garrisons: 8 to 3 (-5).
Battalions:
Armour: 42 to 22 (-20).
Engineers: 75 to 77 (+2).
Sappers: 55 to 63 (+8).
Artillery: 8 to 17 (+9).
Mortars: 11 to 12 (+2).
Guards Mortars: 6 to 15 (+9)
Air defense: 65 to 69 (+4).
Flamethrower: 1 to 2 (+1).
Motorcycle: 1 to 0 (-1).
Armoured Trains: 2 to 3 (+1).
Reserve:
Divisions:
Rifle: 4 to 22 (+18).
Cavalry: 3 to 8 (+5)
Armour: 0 to 1 (+1)
Brigades:
Armour: 0 to 2 (+2)
Regiments:
Artillery: 2 to 5 (+3)
Battalions:
Artillery: 1 to 0 (-1)
Other Fronts:
Active Fronts (Army Groups): 3 (=).
Inactive Districts (Army Groups): 10 to 9 (-1).
Armies: 12 (=)
Divisions:
Rifle: 119 to 96 (-23).
Cavalry: 35 to 24 (-11).
Armour: 7 to 4 (-3).
Brigades:
Rifle: 7 to 78 (+71).
Motor rifle: 1 (=).
Armour: 19 to 23 (+4).
Airborne: 21 to 31 (+10).
Air defense: 19 to 18 (-1).
Sappers: 0 to 30 (+30)
Regiments:
Rifle: 2 to 4 (+2).
Cavalry: 1 to 0 (-1).
Armour: 1 (=).
Motorcycle: 5 to 4 (-1).
Engineers: 2 (=).
Artillery: 71 to 53 (-18).
Fortified garrisons: 20 to 16 (-4).
Battalions:
Armour: 25 to 26 (+1).
Engineers: 30 to 31 (+1).
Sappers: 24 to 7 (-17).
Artillery: 17 to 18 (+1).
Mortars: 6 to 5 (-1).
Guards Mortars*: 0 (=).
Air defense: 22 to 37 (+15).
Armoured Trains: 7 to 4 (-3).
*Guards Mortars: Official Soviet denomination for their Rocket Artillery in WW2.
Source: ВОЕННО-НАУЧНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ГЕНЕРАЛЬНОГО ШТАБА (Военно-исторический отдел): БОЕВОЙ СОСТАВ СОВЕТСКОЙ АРМИИ - ЧАСТЬ I (июнь-декабрь 1941 года). Типография Военной академии ГШ, МОСКВА 1963.
Russia: What are you sending?
Western Allies: Yes.
1st of October Finnish forces reach the city of Petroskoi (Petrozavodsk). City was renamed as Äänislinna (Onega Castle).
Perhaps the best episode yet. Remarkable how little I have known about the Chinese part of the conflict. 41,000 casualties. Extraordinary.
Can we have an special video regarding the Strategic value of Moscow?
Awesome video!!!!
I'd assume it would be good for morale? For a few weeks at least.
there are two out of many ; the most strategic transport hub and for morale of the nation.
@@sintasirait835 Without Moscow there's no north-south supply line; it was also a large manufacturing center.
On the 1st Finnish forces capture Petrozavodsk in Russian East Karelia. The city is the capital of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, and had a population of 70,000 in 1939. It would be the largest fully Soviet city the Finns would occupy in the war. The Finnish occupation government renames the city to Äänislinna. (lit. “Castle Onega”: castle is an old-fashioned word for a city; Petrozavodsk is located on the shores of Lake Onega.)
Petrozavodsk would be the location of three Finnish concentration camps for the Russian population of occupied East Karelia. (Note: concentration camp here has its original meaning of “prison camp”, not a German-style extermination/slave camp.) The occupation government ordered the “non-national” population of the occupied areas of military importance to be imprisoned in the camps. Non-national meant Russians; national was the Finns, Karelians, Veps, and other Finnics living in the region, whom were deemed trustworthy by the occupiers. The imprisoned population would peak at 23,984 in 1942, and 3,516 of them would die in that year, mostly to malnutrition and disease.
Also on the 1st marshal Carl Gustav Mannerheim issues a new Order of the Day:
“On this day the Army of Karelia has added a new achievement to its list of victories: the conquest of the city of Petrozavodsk. Through broad and fruitful war maneuvers we have achieved results of decisive nature. Guaranteeing permanent peace and a secure future for our people is now one large step closer.
The conquest of the capital of East Karelia is the crowning achievement of the glorious Army of Karelia. This achievement will reverberate far into the future of our nation. I thank the commander of the army for his skilful and successful leadership in the war, as well as the commanders of army corps and divisions and their heroic troops - officers, NCOs, and privates - for the initiative, persistence, and bravery without par they have shown in the last three months of continuous fighting.
- Mannerheim”
Adolf Hitler sends Mannerheim a congratulatory telegram on the 2nd.
Guderians front looks somewhat saucy..
There was actually quite a lot of Ukrainians and Belorussians on the camps too, which originated from the population transfers within the SU during 20s and 30s.
There was total of nine of those internment camps in East Karelia. Many of which were ex-gulags repurposed by the Finnish occupational administration.
Nazis and finns are great at patting themselves on the back
Oddly enough Hitler was not alone. USA did that too. According to a number of sources the US Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, also congratulates the Finnish ambassador to US, Hjalmar Procopé, for retaking the lost Karelia on 3rd October 1941. Though he does warn against continuing the offensive. www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/1941-10-03a.html
@@WandererRTF strange thing to do since we're gonna send aid to their enemies
Had to wait 15hrs till I got off to watch this i worked a shift and a half getting overtime, & I been waiting all day to watch this i almost watched on my lunch but I wanted to be sitting down relaxing too watch. Its crazy how slow time goes when you are waiting to watch our boy indy give us a history lesson.
Your maps in this production were quite excellent. Especially in the China/japan theatre. Thank you very much.
The allied supplies weren't that big in comparison to how much the soviets produced internally. Though some did help a lot more than others. Things like Rubber which the British had great access to but the Soviets and Germans did not. But probably the biggest help, though they can't use it quite yet, will be all the supply trucks the allies eventually send. It's all about keeping that supply line moving.
They found some equipment better than others. Items that the Americans or British did not like so much were often popular - The Airacobra fighter for example was seen as something of a failure by Americans, but the Soviets liked it and quite a few made ace while flying it.
In the cold light of day, the sacrifices by the Russian people were staggering given what they were given by the west.
Really interesting about the lend lease! Incredible how they could move that much equipment
Or even "could they?"
@@benismann A very good question
A while ago I read part of a report on American warmaking and invading of places outside the USA, and they mentioned in both the world wars the USA was limited not by production capability, and in the end not even by tonnage of shipping available, but by port facilities.
In WWI each ship had to be restocked with coal which is a dangerous hard process, and this could not be done while loading or unloading since everything around would become covered in coal dust. In WWII the nature of shipping, using crates of various sizes and bulk goods mixed through, and some things being shipped loose, meant loading and unloading was still a hard process.
By I think Korea, nearly all shipping was containerized and the ports they used were more modern, and promptly the army trucks filled up the entire roads out of the ports...
Logistics is hard, and if you solve one bottleneck another will instantly appear. But I suspect they would adjust targets based on what they thought they could do.
Simply brilliant presentation. Outstanding job Indy
Indy said, “Bye” at the end of a call!! But, seriously, I continue to learn from every program you produce and I have enjoyed your content more than anything I’ve seen in many years. Thank you again.
What is interesting to me is that while there are three army groups, typhoon pooled the reserves of all three army groups for the offensive in the center.
Meaning already, in October, the Germans offensive capability is down considerably.
That's one of the reasons I love this series and this week-by-week format. Seeing it happen in real time goes a long way towards dispelling the popular myth of the Wehrmacht rolling over the Red Army with ease. The fighting was a lot more intense and a lot more wearing on the Germans long before they reached their final lines outside of Moscow.
Army Group South still has Panzergruppe Kleist, it will continue the German offensive in the south. Hitler has repeatedly emphasized the importance of capturing the Soviet mining and industrial region in the Donetsk river basin.
Only army group north has stopped, that's two armies less. All the rest are still going as the south will see action again soon.
Germany had already lost some 800k casualties by Nov. 1, 1941 according to one book I'm reading; they were to lose another 200,000 during Typhoon. That's just under 1/3 of their effectives on 6/22/41.
I’ve been waiting for this day a long time. One of the most interesting battles of WWII.
Great episode, the importance of the resource war and how quickly britain and us sent everything to user can not be overstated
My great-grandfather served in the atlantic & arctic convoys until 1943, from all of his accounts it was absolutely brutal, particularly in the freezing arctic conditions, where it was dark for months at a time during the winter. Although, his most vivid memory wasn't U-Boats or ice, it was the near contant sea-sickness! The convoys definitely deserve their own special episode or two... Britain wouldn't have survived without them, simple as that.
"Neutral" is misspelled as "neutrall" in the video description
Fixed it, thanks!
Another big offensive? How many are there, I'm going to need some paper just to keep track.
It was one same massive offensive.
You should add that to your shopping list and send it to the Allies to provide it.
Spoiler - you're going to need a Liberty Ship full of notebooks before this mess is through.
I'm surprised you haven't done a biography special about Guderian yet.
I don't know exactly why but this was my favorite episode so far. The presentation was just excellent.
Was just about to sit down for lunch and wanted something to watch and then you guys uploaded this! Perfect
Break out the Spam and hard crackers when you watch, makes for a more intense experience :p
It’s amazing how good these episodes are
My father, USN WWII, started as a detached service from the Navy aboard a Liberty ship, North Atlantic Convoy. On his first cruise, he was tapped one night. "MacDonald! You are on U-boat watch!" Again, this was at night. They handed him a pair of binoculars and a 45. He was 17. He looked at this and said, "What the **** am I supposed to do with this? Shoot the damn periscope?" The Liberty ships has very poor in-ship communications, much less ship-to-ship. The idea was that he should make as much noise as possible with the 45 and hopefully a nearby destroyer escort would come to save them. My father served at Anzio and later in Inchon. He told me that he was never as scared at those two as he was that night on U-boat watch.
These series are great. Thanks
the western allies pulling together to send over so much stuff to help the Soviets is so awesome
Well, the German-Soviet war was something that the allies wanted to see but they want it in a bloody stalemate wich bot sides only suffer and become weaker. But when they realize how much stronger the Germans are, they decide to help the Soviets. İf the Soviets had fall, the Allies would never be able to defeat Nazi Germany. Thats why they helped the Soviets.
8:50 and suddenly the video began playing in x5 speed.
"it might be a different war" knowing what we know today, that is absolutely chilling.
That lot of supplies..
Indy and team done lot research..
Applause to them..
My saturday night never ends without watching your videos..
Thanks indy and team..
Your voice is nice to hear...
I just hit the 'like'while the video is still loading... zero regret chance ;)
I was born in USSR, and live in independent Kazakhstan now. I want to thank Allies (UK, US and others) for help and support during WW2. Propoganda during Cold War were diminishing understated real size of that help, but I believe it was significant and helped to save many thousands lives of soviet people.
That is why you live in a backwater country. Come to USA.
Hi Indy hope your feeling better. Once again a great.and informative..serise and well.researvhed. Thanks to all the team
GREAT SERIES......Thanks for making it so...
12:51 many of the soviet soldiers facing army group centre seem to have been getting the same training the valhallan ice warriors get under commander chenkov - a meatgrinder that makes verdun look like a cold war and survivors completing the conscripts' training. the good news for them is that ze germans have also been chewing through manpower and equipment at a similar rate
My Dad's ship was on convoy escort duties taking all those goodies to Uncle Joe and the USSR. My Dad was lucky, he made it home with just one wound, many of his comrades still lie at the bottom of the North Atlantic.
Somehow I missed this episode. Now I' ve caught up with Typhoon. Great stuff as always👍
Hearing Indy listing off those components really fast made me think that Indy was focusing on keeping the video under 15 minutes and that was the only place where time could be saved :)
Well...Indy has opened the bidding it seems. That was a lot of tonnage.
I am still amazed how indy covered ww1 and is in the process of covering ww2 by the weeks. Probably the biggest documentary ever.
That is our goal ;-)
Wow im very impressed with day by day story you present !!
I wish i could found this channel earlier 👍
The average Allied soldier's ideas about the USSR's leader was not necessarily at all like the high command. My grandfather said he and the men on his ship would hear news on the radio about the war in the Soviet Union and say, "Old Joe Stalin, fighting the Germans!" He said, "We didn't know he was a mass murderer."
(Just a comment, I recognize that supporting the Soviet struggle was the moral and strategically right thing to do.)
You might be interesting in watching the 1944 "Why We Fight" (Frank Capra-dir.) 2-part episodes "The Battle of Russia." You'd think from it that "Uncle Joe" was just to the left of FDR, not a butcher in the same vein as Hitler.
The goods promised were indeed impressive but it'd be interesting to know how many were actually provided or reached the USSR, especially after Japan's attacks on Pearl Harbor.
This will help answer your question en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend-Lease
It took a while to arrive, and even longer to train Soviet crews to use the more complicated equipment. The Germans took colour pictures of knocked-out US and British-made tanks in the summer 1942 fighting, but it may have been the first time they had encountered them on the Eastern Front. The propaganda was a little double-edged. On the one hand, the Germans could say "Look, the Anglo-Americans send equipment and we can destroy it!" On the other hand, the equipment was clearly getting through to the Red Army. The supplies certainly did not arrive in time to influence the events of 1941.
Germany: you can’t supply the soviets with thousands of tonnes of equipment
USA: factory go brrrrrrr
Hitler was of the opinion the USA could only make consumer goods.
i bet that list wasnt easy to read this fast. best thing aboutt it is, that you are still easy to follow. have a nice weekend team! greetings from germany!
thanks for the episode on Babi Yar. As usual, watching these things destroy me inside and make me weep for humanity. Thanks for remembering.
I also watched a Russian WW2 film called "Come And See" this weekend that covers the treatment of Russian villages as the Germans advanced eastwards. Wow, what a powerful, disturbing film.
It's crazy how many things were sent to the USSR to help them win the war. That list alone in this video (which was a faction of the things sent in the end) clearly makes a difference on if the USSR wins the war against the Axis forces or not. Which is why I always find it so annoying when people on the internet just assume the USSR would have won the war even if they were given no lend lease. Maybe they would have maybe not, but it is clearly not a open and shut case of "yes the USSR would still have won". Maybe without lend lease neither side wins. The USSR could have held the Axis forces up but then would they have been able to counter attack? Without the logistical supplies given to the USSR from lend lease I don't think they would have been able to get back to the USSR's old border within 7 years.
Well they would have won, but they wouldn't had looked so snazzy in their pictures afterward, without the US made boots :-D lol
Germany was going to lose regardless.You may hear big numbers but the Soviet production was IMMENSE
The thing with lend lease is that without it the soviets would also have won. But like you said, it would have taken more years and more lives and way more human suffering to achieve that.
The great thing about the lend lease is that it eased the suffering of a famished soviet population and ended the war earlier, and in this way saved more lives in the long run.
In late 1944/early 1945 German army accounts refer to the Red Army advancing on fleets of Studebaker made trucks.
Would have USSR won as quickly without this as in our timeline? FUCK NO.
But, one has to remmeber while all this help is VERY usefull, most of it won't be reaching the full swing of deliveries before late 42. So basically Soviets will defeat two of the biggest pushes Nazis made, mostly on their own. In fact I'm pretty sure it's not the raws and other that helps the most in late 42. But FOOD shipments since USSR was facing a real starvation crisis since by that point they had lost most of their food producing regions.
Also this is what was promissed. Which is not the same as what is delivered.
"We should take our industrial infrastructure, and push it somewhere else!"
I am so happy to see the lendlease part,dont know why but i am fancy about it and it very cool to look at it
Great video. I'm glad my man Indy survived the Rona.