Wave-Particle Duality and the Photoelectric Effect
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- Опубліковано 10 вер 2024
- Look, up in the sky, it's a particle! It's a wave! Actually it's both. It's light! How do we know about this stuff? Well, because of Einstein for one. He did more than E = mc^2, you know. But don't stare at the sun to see for yourself, we've got science now.
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Guys! When I said that the smallest fundamental unit of energy is the Planck energy, that's totally wrong. That is a completely different parameter that is actually a macroscopic amount of energy. I confused it with the Planck time and Planck distance, so that label is being used incorrectly. Sorry!
A wave has a frequency... How can particles (photons) have frequency.
@@Adityasingh-pl9mc I think it's because at that time light is regarded as a wave and not a particle. not sure tho.
@@Adityasingh-pl9mc photons emit a vertically-oscillating electric field that are described by the corresponding wave function of the photon
@@Adityasingh-pl9mc particle is a packet of wave..... that is why particle can have frequency
@@Adityasingh-pl9mc particle is a packet of wave that is why particle can have frequency
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@@LeatherCladVegan that moment when my chem teacher,(got second place for best science teacher in my state) shows this video in class to explains this topic...
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This is in Chapter 2 of 11th grade Chemistry.
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Professor Dave explains!
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Hi Prof. Dave. Thanks for your videos. I've linked a couple of them in my astronomy class that I taught last Spring.
With regards to the PE effect, the notion that no electrons will be emitted for photons with energy lower than the work function, no matter how intense the light is, is only true for single-photon photoemission phenomenon. Since we now have intense laser sources, we can detect multiphoton photoemission. This is where photons with energy lower than the work function can cause an electron in a band (conduction band usually) to be raised to an intermediate state. But before it can decay back to a lower state, another photon comes by and excite it to another higher state. If this final state is a vacuum state, then it has the chance to escape.
Multiphoton photoemission technique has been used in the study of materials, and also is a common phenomenon in particle accelerator photoinjectors. None of these means that Einstein's original model is wrong. It is just that we now know that the standard photoelectric effect is specific to the single-photon photoemission.
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OUTSTANDING
Quantum mechanics unveiled a mind-bending reality: particles like photons and electrons blur the lines between waves and particles, showcasing a dual nature known as wave-particle duality. In experiments, these entities exhibit wave-like behaviors-interference, diffraction-similar to undulating waves, yet they also display discrete, localized impacts akin to particles. Attempts to confine them to a single definition falter; they exist in a state of quantum uncertainty, oscillating between wave-like and particle-like attributes based on experimental setups or observation methods. This profound concept revolutionized physics, dismantling classical notions and propelling us into a universe governed by probabilities rather than certainties.
There are no particles in nature. There are only people who can't remember the eight word sentence "A photon is a small amount of energy." that they were taught in high school science class.
@@lepidoptera9337what ?
@@stupidteous We are teaching the basics of quantum mechanics in high school. Have been for almost 50 years. :-)
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"confused? you should be!" ... "Thanks to Einstein and others ..." XD
Thanks for this, very helpful
12 videos and it’s already more than I learned in all of high school chem.
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Professor dave what's the relation between stopping potential frequency and wavelength?
please explain me what is the proprties of wave and particle
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i finally understood what quantized mean, thanks Dave.
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Hi Dave, the video is very effective! Actually Einstein used the term "energy quanta" in its 1905 paper, whereas the term "photon" was introduced in 1926 by G.N.Lewis.
Dave one small objection if I may, but it might be a bit misleading to say that light "is a wave and particle AT THE SAME TIME."
One of my QM texts (I can find out which one if you'd like) devoted a paragraph or so to explain that a quantum entity may exhibit both wave properties and particle properties, but never will it exhibit both wave and particle properties simultaneously. I asked gpt-4 to explain the concept of wave-particle duality and here's the relevant part:
"The wave and particle aspects of quantum entities are complementary, meaning they cannot be observed simultaneously; observing one necessitates that the other is not being observed."
I trust this is true because, like I said, one of my texts made this very point.
The double slit experiment is a good example. Electrons exhibit wave properties when not being observed and particle properties when being observed. That just blows me away!!
Even in spite of this and the thing about planck energy you noted here in the comment section, this is a very clear explanation of the photoelectric effect and the works of Planck and Einstein.
Yes, that was complete bullshit. ;-)
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This is really, really good stuff man. Thanks!
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@@schmetterling4477 That's true, but it's concepts or theories are quite hard for the average brain to comprehend
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is planck energy the same as Planck's constant?
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Thank you! Understand this better now
At timestamp 2:54, you say that the v in the equation is the frequency of the photon--why is it marked as a v instead of the f that was used earlier? I have been struggling with understanding the whole velocity vs. frequency thing.
So it actually should be the greek letter nu, which looks very much like a v. It can be a little confusing, and I should have just used the greek letter here.
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Since we know we’re in a sea of undetectable dark matter but don’t know exactly where it’s distributed and since everything in the universe from electrons to solar systems is in orbit with something else, why isn’t the first assumption of how or why a photon acts like a particle but also as a “wave packet” for every physics student to think every photon might be in orbit with a dark matter particle pulling it into a polarizable axial or helical apparent wave as they travel?
Excellent. Thanks.
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Ask an astronomer "How are photons created or destroyed", talks about quantum jumps.
Q. The only interactions a photon has are to be created or destroyed.
My idea is that the photon pops up as an electron positron pair that power the quantum leap or releases a photon.
That means that the leaping electron interacts with the electron positron pair. One electron and positron annihilate which powers the left over electron to jump.
That means that in space time photons are always electron positron pairs.
If we consider the Lummer and Pringsheum Intensity Distribution Diagram of Black Body Radiations can we conclude that higher frequency radiations want higher temperature to be radiated from a Black body i.e Frequency of the Black body radiations is directly proportional to the temperature of the Black body and for a particular temperature a particular frequency of radiations are emmitted?
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But number of electrons ejected is proportional to the intensity / brightness of the light . ( I just read it in my journal ) .
Thank you!
i have subcribed
Hi :). I have got question. Maybe not about photoelectric effect, but about wave and atom. If electron is wave it should propagate in some medium . But in atoms there is only electron (outside nucleus) and he is also particle. So, how it's going? Electron propagate in itself?
Hey I think you may have made a mistake in the formula c=f x wavelength (can’t find its symbol here), I think you wrote v instead of wavelengths
Is this really a duality or are particles just small wave packets that "appear" to be particles?
it is a great explanation
“Confused? You should be” 🤣✋🏾
Great video....But I have a confusion....What if more than one photons collide with the same electron?? Does the kinetic energy of the electron increase then?? Obviously, It can't be. That's the whole point of photoelectric effect. But why not??