The Guillotine

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Guillotine.
Is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading, it is best known for its use in France, particularly during the French Revolution.
The design was intended to make capital punishment more reliable and less painful in accordance with new Enlightenment ideas of human rights. Physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed to the National Assembly that capital punishment should always take the form of decapitation "by means of a simple mechanism". From there, a committee to the king drafted the designs to the Guillotine, which took inspiration from other beheading devices that had been used elsewhere in Europe.
After its adoption, the device remained France's standard method of judicial execution until abolition of capital punishment in 1981. The last person to be executed in France as well as the last person to be executed by beheading in Western Europe was Hamida Djandoubi, killed in 1977.
certain eyewitness accounts of guillotine executions suggest that awareness may persist momentarily after decapitation, but there has never been true scientific consensus on the matter.