Once again I found the presentation to be very useful, providing a step-by-step demonstration on how to successfully calculate and interpret the Cronbach’s Alpha. As someone who has little knowledge and understanding of such concepts, I appreciated the simple description, noting that the Cronbach's alpha us a common tool to determine the reliability when working with Likert Scales, and that it doesn’t work to determine the reliability for only one item there must be a series of items. I will definitely be referring back to this video in the future. Thank You.
Yet again, I agree! I think it was valuable for Dr. Grande to demonstrate how to increase reliability based upon the data set and desirable Cronbach's alpha.
Dr. Grande- This video was easy to understand but also confusing for me. This concept allowed me to understand more about Cronbach's Alpha. I am not familiar with this method but you were able to explain this method in detail, which was very helpful. Thank you!
Like many others, I did not know that Cronbach's alpha existed prior to this video and can definitely see it's usefulness as a statistic being that Likert scales are quite common. Thank you for posting this.
This is definitely my favorite statistic. I liked his explanation of Cronbach's Alpha and what it does. I liked, too, how he explained if there were deleted items, what we should do with them, and how we should determine if items should be deleted. This was really helpful.
I am completely unfamiliar with Cronbach's Alpha, but this video clearly explained it as a test of reliability of a scale, and is popularly used when working with Likert scales. I also learned that Cronbach's Alpha does not work in determining reliability for one item, but rather for a series of items. Overall, very informative and clearly explained material.
I found this video to be very interesting. I liked the explanation of Cronbach's Alpha and what it does. I thought that it was really helpful. I also liked how Dr. Grande explained the Cronbach's Alpha if items deleated and how we can use that to determine if items potentially should be deleted.
I have never heard of Cronbach’s Alpha before but this video provided a very good explanation. I feel confident about this concept after watching the video. I also think this video was helpful since so many people use Likert scales.
Straight to the point and easy to understand. Knowing that the item 7 is a good Alpha, whereas 8 or 9 Cronbach's Alpha would give us a lower reliability.
Candace Fernandez You think? I questioned that. I guess it is because I want to know "Why" something is, and not just how to get there. I think I need to abandon that when it comes to statistics because then I'l never accept anything into my brain.
I was very nervous about this video because I have never even heard of Cronbach's Alpha, but it was very interesting to learn about. I do not think that I 100% understood everything in this video, but with a bit of Googling I feel more confident towards this subject.
Brilliant video! I am currently doing my final year at uni, and i am using pre-existing psychometric scales and I will check the validity of these scales against the literature.
This was the first time I have heard of Cronbach's Alpha. It was very interesting to see that SPSS can show you what items could be removed to make it more reliable.
Danielle Duboski I found the removal of the items interesting, too, but confusing since I don't understand why someone would other than to improve the score.
Danielle Duboski This was the first time that I heard of Cronbach's Alpha, but I think this is definitely something worth looking into. I think that if I ever have the opportunity to use SPSS this would be something to try.
Thank you for sharing this video Dr. Grande. I appreciate the explanation of what the cronbach's alpha is used for. It is also interesting to see you can remove an outlier to see how the data can shift.
I remember using SPSS back in the day of Windows 3.1 and dot matrix printers... I'm not actually THAT old, my school was just pretty out of date in the 90s. 😂 Research design and methods was always my favorite class though. 💙
It is helpful that the test shows the level for Cronbach's Alpha to meet. I am a bit confused as to how you can just take out certain data sets. I did not do much work with Cronbach's alpha in the past so I am somewhat lost.
Really liked the explanation, I think this was a good video. I remember using SPSS in undergrad and this was interesting to see again, I understand it a lot more.
This video was a little easier to understand. It confirms what the book said about SPSS having more features and capabilities than Excel. This system seems like it can do more with statistics over Excel. It was interesting to see.
Good to know that Cronbach's Alpha is a popular method to determine reliability when working with Likert scales. I also learned how to interpret the data to determine which items can/should be deleted to increase the reliability of an instrument (trying to get the alpha above 0.7).
I would like to have an explanation of how the mathematical formula ties to the concept. Also, if I have 5 items, and 100 subjects, for example, does the formula involve the number of items or the number of subjects, or both? Is there a formula that looks at relationship of covariance to variance? Is covariance the same as inter-item correlation? What does it mean to have item-total score correlation mean...in terms of variance and co-variance. As you can see, I want to understand chronbach's alpha in terms of covariance and variance, and link this to concepts such as item-total score correlation. But I need to understand the fine distinctions. All help is most appreciated... thanks..jes
It was helpful to learn that a Conbach's Alpha only works with scales, subscales, or series of items to determine the Conbach's Alpha. And even though the level of measurement were nominal, the scale was ordinal (1-10).
I like that the video begins with an explanation of what Cronbach's alpha actually is. I would like another example of when to use it right off the bat though, so I can wrap my head around how to use it before I learn how to use it. I like this video because I am using a Likert scale model in my research proposal, so I kind of understand this in terms of the Quality of Life index. I don't understand why you would delete data, though. What does "good" and "questionable" measures mean? Is that reliability? I think that's what I gathered from this.
Thank you so much for your thorough and clear explanation. It is so helpful especially for me being new in research. I just wrote up analysis for my paper after watching your video. Do you have any UA-cam video or web page that is about writing up analysis?
This seems to be a little bit different, although I have heard of scaling before, I have never heard of Cronbach's Alpha. I liked that the data set was only 50, it was helpful in trying to imagine this in practice.
Why i did for 34 items & it warns on determinant of covariance matrix is zero/approx zero. (Cont.) Statistics based on its inverse matrix cannot be computed & they are displayed as system missing values
This is a vey useful vedio Dr. Grande. I have a question regarding assessing the psychometric property of a scale. I used a published scale for job satisfaction including 4 options ( satisfied, very satisfied, dis satisfied and very dissatisfied ) after piloting my survey, participants suggested to add option nuteral , how I can assess the psychometric propority of the new scale? is adding that option change it?
Cronbach's Alpha is pretty interesting. I would have never imagined that there was such a simple way to determine which items to use and not to use on a scale. My question is what, in particular, is it about the items that were deleted make the test more reliable once the items are deleted? I was wondering if it was due to the responses or statistics or something else entirely.
Thank you Dr. Todd Grande. I always look up at your videos to learn about SPSS because it is easy to follow and understand. Forgive me for asking, if my questionnaire has 3 sections and each section has 10 questions, do I run the 10 questions only or the whole 30 questions to check its reliability? I would really appreciate your response.
So you just get rid of the items (10 and 7) to gain a .7 alpha? Are they no longer important to the data? Very clear demonstrations but confused about why to delete participant items because of the effect on the reliability on the scale. Thank you for the video Dr. Grande.
I'm glad you used the concept of likert scale. Am I correct to understand that a multi-item scale would be used as interval level variable used as either the dependent or independent variable? So I could use a parametric statistical test?
Interesting... didn't knew about the "if item deleted" interpretation. Also, you forgot to mention it can also be used to demonstrate the internal fidelity of your research data (unless your coefficient output is straight garbage and your too lazy to change anything). Basically what I mean is, alpha's cronbach can also be used to support evidence based research.
SURE would have been helpful if you would have mentioned how to 'select all' to move everything over at once for those who have no idea and are following along step by step :/
Thank you so much Dr. Todd. I am fairly new to statistic analysis and I was wondering if you have or recommend any videos from the beginning of receiving survey results, how to enter them in spreadsheet, how to upload them into SPSS and analyze the data. I want to have a solid background by having a strong foundation from the beginning. I would really appreciate any help. Thanks 🙏
Thank you for your video, Todd! It's always very illuminating to watch and learn from your video. I am a novice in running SPSS. Currently I have a survey with four scales. I have already determined the alpha coefficient for each of the scale and found them to be good (>0.7). Now I am asked to determine if the scales are overlapping or to run the discriminant validity of the scales, but I am not sure how to do this using SPSS. Can someone help advice pl? Thanks much!
Thanks for the video. Quick question: Is it only likert scale-type (ordinal) measurements that can be used to run Cronbach's alpha? How can one test reliability of instruments with nominal (e.g. yes/no) variables?
Thank you so much. It helped me a lot. I have one question that confused from this video. I understand that there are only 8 items left to distribute the samples and not 10 items. Is it right or wrong? Please help me. Thank you.
excellent presentation. I have a question, testing internal consistency reliability within the items or questions of an assessment tool by one respondent, makes sense to me. What is the interpretation of the coefficient Alpha for items or questions among multiple respondents? (taking into account that different respondents may have different experiences about the same construct)
Thank you so much. it was very helpful but please must all the respondents be included during the calculation of the reliability or some % of the sample? especially when the sample is large, say 300. please help. if some percentage of the sample, what percentage please?
Ive issue with running reliability analysis in SPSS. Whener i run reliability analysis for same measurement taken at two different inetrvals i get an error message like this Warnings Each of the following component variables has zero variance and is removed from the scale: ASM1, ASM2 Too many items are deleted from the scale. Execution of this command stops. Both are in scientific notation with three decimal places
Hi Dr., I have a really tough question bothering me a lot. So, regarding the second point at the very end of the video, what should we do if this whole questionnaire (say these 8 items of scale measurements) is to measure the self-efficacy level, and you ve got another sheet of questionnaire to measure employee engagement, and finally, you want to get another sheet of data (one column of the self-efficacy level), and another sheet of data (one column of their engagement level), in order to analyse if they are correlated or not. Then HOW TO GAIN THAT DATA FROM EACH QUESTIONNAIRE? Or it is not the way to do the correlation? Bit urgent, could you please try to reply to me as soon as you could? Many many thanks, :)
Thank you for this video! I do have a question, I don't understand why when I remove the suggested item the new cronbach's alpha does not match the "better" one shown before. like before the row "if item is deleted I 0,701" I removed the item run the analysis again but now the alpha is lower is 0,690. What I can do about it?
Hi Dr. Todd Grande, Thanks for the video. I want to check with you that i have 12 dimensions to test for the reliability analaysis but there are over 7 dimensions with different items are very low. if the Cronbach's Alpha is very low which is below 0.4 then should i just get rid of the items and the dimensions?
I have never heard of Cronbach's Alpha an estimate of reliabliability of many scores. I had to go to another viedo to first understand what Cronbach's Alpha meant in order to understand what was demonstrated in this viedo.
Very useful and comprehensive explanation - literally at the level of each option. Would take years, but the entire SPSS manual should be like this.
Once again I found the presentation to be very useful, providing a step-by-step demonstration on how to successfully calculate and interpret the Cronbach’s Alpha. As someone who has little knowledge and understanding of such concepts, I appreciated the simple description, noting that the Cronbach's alpha us a common tool to determine the reliability when working with Likert Scales, and that it doesn’t work to determine the reliability for only one item there must be a series of items. I will definitely be referring back to this video in the future. Thank You.
Yet again, I agree! I think it was valuable for Dr. Grande to demonstrate how to increase reliability based upon the data set and desirable Cronbach's alpha.
This keeps showing up in my UA-cam recommendations so I finally clicked it! 😏
Same 😂
Thank you so much for your video! I would not have graduating with my masters without it!
Dr. Grande- This video was easy to understand but also confusing for me. This concept allowed me to understand more about Cronbach's Alpha. I am not familiar with this method but you were able to explain this method in detail, which was very helpful. Thank you!
Like many others, I did not know that Cronbach's alpha existed prior to this video and can definitely see it's usefulness as a statistic being that Likert scales are quite common. Thank you for posting this.
This is definitely my favorite statistic. I liked his explanation of Cronbach's Alpha and what it does. I liked, too, how he explained if there were deleted items, what we should do with them, and how we should determine if items should be deleted. This was really helpful.
I am completely unfamiliar with Cronbach's Alpha, but this video clearly explained it as a test of reliability of a scale, and is popularly used when working with Likert scales. I also learned that Cronbach's Alpha does not work in determining reliability for one item, but rather for a series of items. Overall, very informative and clearly explained material.
Jacklin Skibicki I can't really tell how often one might use this analysis, but it seems very helpful.
Thanks Dr. Grande, writting my masters thesis at the moment and your videos are just what I need!
I found this video to be very interesting. I liked the explanation of Cronbach's Alpha and what it does. I thought that it was really helpful. I also liked how Dr. Grande explained the Cronbach's Alpha if items deleated and how we can use that to determine if items potentially should be deleted.
Mandy Moore I agree. I was wondering the purpose of deleting items and then learned that it would be to increase the reliability of an instrument.
I have never heard of Cronbach’s Alpha before but this video provided a very good explanation. I feel confident about this concept after watching the video. I also think this video was helpful since so many people use Likert scales.
Brittany Vodzak I agree that this was a good video, and also that there are many people that like Likert scales.
Straight to the point and easy to understand. Knowing that the item 7 is a good Alpha, whereas 8 or 9 Cronbach's Alpha would give us a lower reliability.
Agree with 100%. i think this video was very easy to interpret and understand.
Candace Fernandez Agreed. Certainly clear and concise instruction and explanations.
Candace Fernandez You think? I questioned that. I guess it is because I want to know "Why" something is, and not just how to get there. I think I need to abandon that when it comes to statistics because then I'l never accept anything into my brain.
Candace Fernandez Agreed. Simple instructions and explanations.
I was very nervous about this video because I have never even heard of Cronbach's Alpha, but it was very interesting to learn about. I do not think that I 100% understood everything in this video, but with a bit of Googling I feel more confident towards this subject.
I have no idea what this is, I just love your voice 😍
Greetings Dr.!!...you are genius its really helpful...magi from Ethiopia..thank you
Sir thank you for your precious guidance, it's a request if you can do something to increase the volume in your future videos
Brilliant video! I am currently doing my final year at uni, and i am using pre-existing psychometric scales and I will check the validity of these scales against the literature.
Thank you very much. This video is very educative.
Thank you for your video! SPSS brings me back to my grad school days!
This was the first time I have heard of Cronbach's Alpha. It was very interesting to see that SPSS can show you what items could be removed to make it more reliable.
Danielle Duboski I found the removal of the items interesting, too, but confusing since I don't understand why someone would other than to improve the score.
Danielle Duboski This was the first time that I heard of Cronbach's Alpha, but I think this is definitely something worth looking into. I think that if I ever have the opportunity to use SPSS this would be something to try.
The explanations in this video were useful and constructive to better understand this. I thought this was a nice visual.
This is the first time i heard of this test of reliability of a scale. good video.
Wonderful explanation, thanks for explaining this in such easy manner.
Thank you Dr. Grande, you're the best!! :)
Thank you very much for your explanation! It was soooo clear!
You're welcome!
This is a very useful video. Clear explanation. Thanks a lot!
Thank you for sharing this video Dr. Grande. I appreciate the explanation of what the cronbach's alpha is used for. It is also interesting to see you can remove an outlier to see how the data can shift.
I remember using SPSS back in the day of Windows 3.1 and dot matrix printers... I'm not actually THAT old, my school was just pretty out of date in the 90s. 😂 Research design and methods was always my favorite class though. 💙
You make stat so easy to digest! Thank you and best wishes
Thank you Dr. Todd for your great explanation.
It is helpful that the test shows the level for Cronbach's Alpha to meet. I am a bit confused as to how you can just take out certain data sets. I did not do much work with Cronbach's alpha in the past so I am somewhat lost.
Thank you for your lessons! It's really useful for my thesis!
Dr Grande you are amazing
Really liked the explanation, I think this was a good video. I remember using SPSS in undergrad and this was interesting to see again, I understand it a lot more.
I didn’t know this but Cronbach’s Alpha is the expected correlation of two tests that measure the same constructs. This was interesting to see!
Toniette Morda There were several interesting points in this video that I picked up on. Overall, I enjoyed this one.
Many thanks Dr. Grande for this very instructive video.
This video was a little easier to understand. It confirms what the book said about SPSS having more features and capabilities than Excel. This system seems like it can do more with statistics over Excel. It was interesting to see.
Ashlee Todd I definitely could tell that SPSS had more capabilities than Excel in this video. I thought it was interesting as well.
Ashlee Todd yes i agree.
Thank you, Dr. Grande, great video, and great explanation!!
Excellent description. Thanks!
Good to know that Cronbach's Alpha is a popular method to determine reliability when working with Likert scales. I also learned how to interpret the data to determine which items can/should be deleted to increase the reliability of an instrument (trying to get the alpha above 0.7).
I would like to have an explanation of how the mathematical formula ties to the concept. Also, if I have 5 items, and 100 subjects, for example, does the formula involve the number of items or the number of subjects, or both? Is there a formula that looks at relationship of covariance to variance? Is covariance the same as inter-item correlation? What does it mean to have item-total score correlation mean...in terms of variance and co-variance. As you can see, I want to understand chronbach's alpha in terms of covariance and variance, and link this to concepts such as item-total score correlation. But I need to understand the fine distinctions. All help is most appreciated... thanks..jes
That was clear as day - even better. Thank you Dr. Todd Grande, I am rescued:)
Your videos have been wonderful. At the end of your videos, would you please show how to write up the results? Keep up the wonderful tutorials.
Thank you for the video, it was very helpful.
Thank you for this video, it made my work so much easier to do!
Thank you. Very clear and helpful.
Thank you for the video Todd.. I wish you'd explain about correcting the questions and how it effects the Cr alpha
Thank so much, great. Make it easy and clear.
It was helpful to learn that a Conbach's Alpha only works with scales, subscales, or series of items to determine the Conbach's Alpha. And even though the level of measurement were nominal, the scale was ordinal (1-10).
woah i didnt know you did statistics stuff too. you must know everything in the universe.
thank you sir! so easy to understand!!
Thank you for this video. It's very tool .
thank you for excellent explanation!
Very nice, thank you it was helpful
Please tell something about cronbach alpha standardized value
Thanks Doc. This has really helped.
I like that the video begins with an explanation of what Cronbach's alpha actually is. I would like another example of when to use it right off the bat though, so I can wrap my head around how to use it before I learn how to use it. I like this video because I am using a Likert scale model in my research proposal, so I kind of understand this in terms of the Quality of Life index. I don't understand why you would delete data, though. What does "good" and "questionable" measures mean? Is that reliability? I think that's what I gathered from this.
Thank you so much for your thorough and clear explanation. It is so helpful especially for me being new in research. I just wrote up analysis for my paper after watching your video. Do you have any UA-cam video or web page that is about writing up analysis?
This seems to be a little bit different, although I have heard of scaling before, I have never heard of Cronbach's Alpha. I liked that the data set was only 50, it was helpful in trying to imagine this in practice.
Excellent as always
Great video as always
Thank you sir for this very informative video...sir can you please increase your voice, your voice is very low in your every video...
Why i did for 34 items & it warns on determinant of covariance matrix is zero/approx zero. (Cont.) Statistics based on its inverse matrix cannot be computed & they are displayed as system missing values
This is a vey useful vedio Dr. Grande. I have a question regarding assessing the psychometric property of a scale. I used a published scale for job satisfaction including 4 options ( satisfied, very satisfied, dis satisfied and very dissatisfied ) after piloting my survey, participants suggested to add option nuteral , how I can assess the psychometric propority of the new scale? is adding that option change it?
Cronbach's Alpha is pretty interesting. I would have never imagined that there was such a simple way to determine which items to use and not to use on a scale. My question is what, in particular, is it about the items that were deleted make the test more reliable once the items are deleted? I was wondering if it was due to the responses or statistics or something else entirely.
Thank you Dr. Todd Grande. I always look up at your videos to learn about SPSS because it is easy to follow and understand. Forgive me for asking, if my questionnaire has 3 sections and each section has 10 questions, do I run the 10 questions only or the whole 30 questions to check its reliability? I would really appreciate your response.
Thank you for explaining ,vey good way of explaining. I want to ask about data files, How can I download this data file.
I am not familiar with how to do this so this was very useful
I agree. I am not familiar with this model as well and the video was helpful.
So you just get rid of the items (10 and 7) to gain a .7 alpha? Are they no longer important to the data? Very clear demonstrations but confused about why to delete participant items because of the effect on the reliability on the scale. Thank you for the video Dr. Grande.
This is a very new concept for me. I am familiar with some of the scaling references, but this procedure was a little different.
Dr.Grande, how would you do the C.Alpha for men and women separately if they answered the same questionnaire? Great video!
Thank you! Would be great to see an APA report write up sample on it!
USEFUL IN TEACHING RESEARCH SUBJECT
I'm glad you used the concept of likert scale. Am I correct to understand that a multi-item scale would be used as interval level variable used as either the dependent or independent variable? So I could use a parametric statistical test?
Thanks. Very useful.
Interesting... didn't knew about the "if item deleted" interpretation. Also, you forgot to mention it can also be used to demonstrate the internal fidelity of your research data (unless your coefficient output is straight garbage and your too lazy to change anything). Basically what I mean is, alpha's cronbach can also be used to support evidence based research.
SURE would have been helpful if you would have mentioned how to 'select all' to move everything over at once for those who have no idea and are following along step by step :/
my questions are divided into 3 subscales, does it mean that I need to do this procedure three times?
Thank you. You have explained it very well.
You're welcome.
Dr Grade your explanation is clear but your voice is low and the screen is not too clear enough.
Thank you so much Dr. Todd. I am fairly new to statistic analysis and I was wondering if you have or recommend any videos from the beginning of receiving survey results, how to enter them in spreadsheet, how to upload them into SPSS and analyze the data. I want to have a solid background by having a strong foundation from the beginning. I would really appreciate any help. Thanks 🙏
Please can you carry such a test on a questionnaire with yes or no answers?
Thank you for your video, Todd! It's always very illuminating to watch and learn from your video. I am a novice in running SPSS. Currently I have a survey with four scales. I have already determined the alpha coefficient for each of the scale and found them to be good (>0.7). Now I am asked to determine if the scales are overlapping or to run the discriminant validity of the scales, but I am not sure how to do this using SPSS. Can someone help advice pl? Thanks much!
Thanks for the video. Quick question: Is it only likert scale-type (ordinal) measurements that can be used to run Cronbach's alpha? How can one test reliability of instruments with nominal (e.g. yes/no) variables?
Thanks 👍😌
Very well explained. Thank you.
Thank you so much. It helped me a lot. I have one question that confused from this video. I understand that there are only 8 items left to distribute the samples and not 10 items. Is it right or wrong? Please help me. Thank you.
excellent presentation. I have a question, testing internal consistency reliability within the items or questions of an assessment tool by one respondent, makes sense to me. What is the interpretation of the coefficient Alpha for items or questions among multiple respondents? (taking into account that different respondents may have different experiences about the same construct)
Thank you so much. it was very helpful but please must all the respondents be included during the calculation of the reliability or some % of the sample? especially when the sample is large, say 300. please help. if some percentage of the sample, what percentage please?
Thanks Dr.Grande for your explanation .. I have cronbach alpha negative value in my data could you explain of that ???
Ive issue with running reliability analysis in SPSS. Whener i run reliability analysis for same measurement taken at two different inetrvals i get an error message like this
Warnings
Each of the following component variables has zero variance and is removed from the scale: ASM1, ASM2
Too many items are deleted from the scale.
Execution of this command stops.
Both are in scientific notation with three decimal places
very helpful, thank you very much
Hello sir I like your video! I have a question, is it same method if I have almost 60 items likert scale?
Hi Dr., I have a really tough question bothering me a lot. So, regarding the second point at the very end of the video, what should we do if this whole questionnaire (say these 8 items of scale measurements) is to measure the self-efficacy level, and you ve got another sheet of questionnaire to measure employee engagement, and finally, you want to get another sheet of data (one column of the self-efficacy level), and another sheet of data (one column of their engagement level), in order to analyse if they are correlated or not. Then HOW TO GAIN THAT DATA FROM EACH QUESTIONNAIRE? Or it is not the way to do the correlation? Bit urgent, could you please try to reply to me as soon as you could? Many many thanks, :)
Hello How can I test the reliability of my multiple choice test on Cronbach alpha? How can I enter their responses. Thank you.
Very helpful. Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
Why does the mean in the Statistic Scale is higher? where did it come from?
THANK YOU KIND SIR!
cheers.. helped a lot with my report
Thank you for this video! I do have a question, I don't understand why when I remove the suggested item the new cronbach's alpha does not match the "better" one shown before. like before the row "if item is deleted I 0,701" I removed the item run the analysis again but now the alpha is lower is 0,690. What I can do about it?
Hi Dr. Todd Grande,
Thanks for the video.
I want to check with you that i have 12 dimensions to test for the reliability analaysis but there are over 7 dimensions with different items are very low.
if the Cronbach's Alpha is very low which is below 0.4 then should i just get rid of the items and the dimensions?
I have never heard of Cronbach's Alpha an estimate of reliabliability of many scores. I had to go to another viedo to first understand what Cronbach's Alpha meant in order to understand what was demonstrated in this viedo.