For a smaller chamber you can use an ultrasonic mist maker, they just require water and electricity. You wouldn't think a small mist maker would work well, but I think the low pressure center of the vortex helps bring out the fog.
That's what I was thinking as well. Wonder if you could get several of them for the big tornado machine? I can't imagine the residue from those fog machines, I've noticed white mineral dust from the ultrasonic humidifiers, let alone atomizing oil or glycerin in the air.
@@Dan-yk6sy With decent juice there isnt ....much.... residue. Then again, Ive mainly used them in themed attractions ( from little 40w cheapies to 1500w ones with dmx and stand alone brains) not an plexi box, but there is a VERY stark difference between walmart fog juice and something like frogger juice. Especially if you use a more hazier or stringier fog (hazers are for lasers, and strings are for like flowing through something like fence stakes, makes long wispy tendrils. From what Ive been able to get out of the guys from Frogger at conventions is the fog characteristics has to do with how the glycol chains form after the water flashes and the steam 'fluffs' the oils into the air and carries them out of the machine), compared to something like 'bog fog' which is the thick long lasting low to the ground stuff. You can use old ecig cartridges for mini foggers, just add a bit of airflow and you're set. I use an old vape pen with some fog juice for visualizing my laser demos (more science-y diffraction and interferometer stuff). Otherwise, yeah, absolutely use distilled non-mineralized water. The ultrasonic disks pulverize the water into droplets (basically cavitate-shove-cavitate-shove etc) so anything in the water will just fall out and cake on the disks. The good news is there are models with replicable disk sections (they're just held down by a ring retainer onto the contacts). So if they get too scummy you can just order a bag full of replacement disks instead of replacing the whole unit. Oh, side note: remember to run vinegar and distilled water through your fog machines before and after use before storage. The last run should be just water until it stops smelling like vinegar. Gets all the leftover crap and crud out ;)
This idea has me thinking of the possibility of using it for wet flow analysis of cylinder head / induction systems, on a flow bench. I realize it wouldn’t be a exact analog, for differences in characteristics, between fuel and water, but think it may provide a demonstration of the general behaviors of aerosol flows within specific port configurations.
Minor correction: when an ice skater pulls in her arms, she is conserving angular momentum, but gaining kinetic energy- pulling in her arms against centrifugal force takes work, and that work goes into increased linear speed. (if you refuse to work in rotating coordinates, the velocity vector of her hands is not perfectly perpendicular to their acceleration while they are moving inwards, so they gain speed- but it's cleaner to just work in rotating coordinates) Sorry to nitpick, but the increase in pointwise velocity as a tornado contracts is important to the destructiveness of the phenomenon. love your videos!
I still remember my 7th grade science teacher back in the 90s doing a tornado demonstration showing some similar aerodynamic effects, only he used fire to create the tornado. The demo required only an empty coffee can with a small piece of cotton cloth soaked with something flammable (can't remember if it was lighter fluid or kerosene/lamp oil), all set atop an old phonograph turntable. The updraft created by the convection from the heat rising, along with the rotation from the turntable, created a stunning twisting fire column that of course as kids we all enjoyed watching. And since it was literal fire, the tornado was self illuminating and wasn't dependent on humidity of the air to condense water-droplets so it could be seen; in-fact the effect looked even better in the dark when all you could really see was the whirling tornado. Thanks Tech Ingredients (and my old teacher Mr. Wolf) for making science fun and interesting!
@@6227836jschulz offset left or right, with a small spotlight or two on the machine and the background blacked/darkened. and Don't show the whole machine, but be close enough that it takes up most of the shot. It's unfortunate that the best images are almost always absolutely uncomfortable for the host in regards to available normal human space expectations.
5:14 it seems so obvious when you put it this way. I feel like we take our everyday context, like air pressure, for granted and that can lead us to incorrect mental models. Explanations like this are the perfect way to correct that. Yes, Science is wonderful!
I like the modular panel design! I hope more people play with the idea. Nice work. I have built a number of tornado machines for a local science center to loan to schools, and a large permanently installed machine that produces a 10 foot tall tornado. These used ultrasonic vaporizers to produce the fog, and they performed very well. The small machines (producing a four foot tall vortex) worked ok with a household sized ultrasonic vaporizer. The ten foot tornado used an industrial unit with eight transducers, fed with tap water run through a filter and DI bottle so it ran continuously without needing attention. These machines didn't use clear panels but instead used four hollow posts that each had a row of holes along the length to form a set of air dams which both gave the rotational motion and helped exclude ambient air currents. This allows people to simply reach (or walk) in and play with the vortex. One other tip: The vapor source should be underneath and coupled to a flat floor with a perforated central area (like a perforated pizza pan). Having a large stockpot or humidifier just sitting at the bottom causes turbulence that disrupts the laminar incoming flow and makes the vortex less coherent. You should be able to see that the vortex has a hollow core!
You guys are incredible. The work going into each show is fantastic and I always come out understanding principles better than before. Excellent explainer.
If you watch videos from How Ridiculous, when they drop a big rubber band ball with a small rubber band ball behind it, from a drop tower, you can actually see when the smaller ball tries to move out from behind the large ball, it is deflected back to the area behind the large ball. It's kind of like the demonstration you did here with the ball in the air stream.
When I was a kid, I stared at the little tornado chamber at the Detroit Science Center for as long as I could. This takes me right back to it. I know most people have rejected it as balderdash, but have you ever looked into the vortex engineering by Viktor Schauberger? Nobody has ever duplicated his work (and his son and grandson devoted their whole lives to it), but there is great power in vortices, much of which he observed as a young forest warden in Austria. Interestingly, we had a cool mist humidifier for a while that had an almost exact (plastic) replica of a Schauberger whorl-pipe that drew up water axially before expelling it radially onto a series of diffusers....
Schauberger had a very esoteric understanding of nature which many have sensationalised and misrepresented. He had a very solid understanding of fluid dynamics and some interesting ideas about energy and it's production which came from that understanding. It's hard to tell how many of the claims about Schauberger and his work are true but the fundamentals of his work would be worth looking into.
It sounds easy, but trust me, keepin' a dozen 'nados in line a'int easy. Most of them are all screwed up, been turning sticks since they can remember. As the good Presenter has demonstrated, all they really need is a stable home, uplifting motivation, and loads of sheer.
This guy did a great explanation on how vortices form, and how to make machines capable of creating them. I have learned a lot from this video, and I'm now ready to make one desktop sized! You guys did great! 🌪
I have a mechanical engineering degree and you explained Bernoulli's principle better in the first 3 minutes of this video than in my entire education. Thanks! That one's been so non-intuitive for me this whole time, but the conservation of momentum explanation makes perfect sense.
Suggestion for topic to research and make some experiments: Test h-BN (hexagonal Boron nitride) nano powder (less than 100nm, better 60-50nm) additive for engine oil. It makes engine last longer. So it would be great if you demonstrated it on some small engines you probably have. WS2 and h-Bn have a two-dimensional platelet structure and a high hardness which results in a very low sliding friction coefficient. The theory is that very small particles of this material mechanically adhere to the metal surfaces of the engine creating a hard and sliding boundary layer thus reducing friction.
Great video as usual. 1 - its interesting how your presence inside the chamber disturb the flow. See the perfect and mesmerizing flow when you are outside. 2 - if I could i would place the dry ice on top and the fan on the bottom to see the difference. Cheers.
The fire nado is pretty cool as well during large forest fires. Meteorology speaking the structure of a supercell has a lot of contributing factors such as the beavers tail forms with certain inflows thus adding to the sheer bases form rain free and shafts for rain this is a great example of using the doors to help create the variable winds that are actually occurring out in the field. Great job kind sir!
Indoor tornado experiment has been one my favorite topic to search though there aren't much quality video about it on UA-cam. and when i see you made one, my heart is racing from excitement 😂
This is definitely impressive! People don't commonly understand the structure and dynamics of a tornado. I'm going to share this video with a local Meteorologist who is very interested in science and weather dynamics.
I have never been disappointed in watching any of your videos, in fact I have learned a great deal by watching them, some more than once. Many thanks for what you do ! Longtime subscriber…
I would love to see you explore using additive manufacturing to build a subwooofer. You can make the subwoofer easier than ever before and the math of subwoofers is wild. Fantastic video.
Beautiful video and beautiful build! BTW- For those who would like to create beautiful underwater tornadoes on a tight budget, you can do so by filling a tall jar or cheap plastic bug terrarium with water then add a layer of ultra-fine grain aquarium filter sand on the bottom. The finer the grains of sand the better. Regular playground sand is too heavy and will not work very well. Ultra-fine sand has just enough weight to easily be lifted and fall back down gently. My local PetsMart store sells bags of ultrafine aquarium sand and small bug terrariums for cheap. The tornado itself can be easily produced with a cheap, battery-powered coffee milk frother that uses a small, spinning coil of wire to froth milk (create milk foam). Simply lower the spinning frothing coil into the top of the water. It may take a few moments, but a vortex will form that will eventually reach down to the sand and will start to pull grains of sand all the way up through the vortex and spit them out at the top like a real tornado. Tornadoes produced this way can look very, very realistic. Total cost of all three components is about $15 US dollars. Bags of ultra-fine sand usually contains a lot of dusty particles that will cloud the water. If the water gets cloudy, simply do a few water changes. You can also “steer”, or guide, the tornadoes around the aquarium by moving the frother. In one of my science classes I used a 10 gallon aquarium with a 1/2 inch (2.54cm) layer of ultra-fine sand at the bottom and handed out a bunch of cheap milk frothers that I purchased from Walmart for a few dollars each. We had as many as 6 tornadoes being produced at the same time in the aquarium. The students very quickly learned to start attacking each-others tornadoes by moving them around the aquarium. We called our new game: ‘Tornado Wars’. PS- I’m jealous you can wear pure white in your shop. Two seconds in mine and it would be incredibly off-white. 😭
watching your demo about air pressure in the beginning made me think about those things you attach to your hose to add chemicals or something like an airbrush for paint. i already knew how those latter things work but i never really connected them in my head before or realized that it would work in open air like that.
You're my hero. I have many ideas and wish to start doing stuff like this. I'm slowly learning how to communicate better and am working on my first 'presentation' to turn into a video.
This is the epitome of what beautiful minds can achieve, for a weekend project, when they have the time, the space and the means 😊. Eric you never cease to amaze me.
Just when I thought that the videos on this channel couldn't get any more spectacular, these guys built a walk-in tornado chamber. And then you explained how it was not at all difficult to build. Suggestion: Can you try to float a ball or balloon in the tornado? I would _expect_ that not to work because the fan is at the top, but who knows? Or you could always tie it down.
Yo mate, your videos are one of the few ones which I have been watching from start to end, without speeding up. I enjoy watching and learning new stuff too. Very nice explanations and showing each new thing step by step. Keep up your good work 😃
About the ice skater example at 7:00 Please note that the rotational kinetic energy *does* increase; the tangential velocity (of the extremities) of the ice skater does increase. Explanation: in order to sustain the circumnavigating motion (of the extremities) a centripetal force is exerted. When the ice skater contracts her arms that centripetal force is doing *work*, increasing the rotational kinetic energy. Here's the thing: it is only with circular motion that the centripetal force is not doing work. With circular motion the distance to the axis of rotation does not change. But when a rotating system *contracts* then it is not the case that the centripetal force is perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity. During contraction of a rotating system mass is spiraling in. During that inspiraling motion: decompose the centripetal force into these perpendicular components: parallal to the *instantaneous* velocity, and perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity. The component perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity is not doing work (of course), but the component parallel to the instantaneous velocity is, causing angular acceleration. Vsauce draws that diagram in this video: ua-cam.com/video/_WHRWLnVm_M/v-deo.html (Vsauce does his usual rambling too, in that video, but the diagram is good.) Another example: The changes of velocity of Halley's comet as it moves along its orbit. When Halleys comet is on its way to its perihelion (closest approach) the centripetal force of gravity is increasing the velocity of the comet. At perihelion the velocity of the comet is far larger than at aphelion.
@@Dr_Wrong It's not clear why you suggest that a centripetal force might "round out" an ellipse. Take for example the orbit of Halley's comet. That orbit has a high degree of eccentricity. The shape of that orbit has not changed for millenia. (According to the information on a NASA website Halley's comet has been in that orbit for at least 16,000 years) The only thing that can cause a change of that orbit is when the comet's orbit happens to bring it close enough to a planet to be affected by the gravity of that planet.
@@cleon_teunissen It merely seemed to me that when a "force" is doing no work, it has achieved its "goal." ‡ Or, ofc, some other forces are "interfering" and stabilize. i.e. Atmospheric gases are much warmer than space, but gravity keeps most of it from flying away. Also, that was a question. ‡ plz forgive the anthropomorphism of the analogy.. 😉
Thanks for the wonderful demonstration and explanation of tornado formation processes! It looks like the vortex is rotating in the same direction as the fan. I imagine If the panels were adjusted so that the vortex was rotating in the opposite direction of the fan, the tangential velocity of the vortex air stream would be more effectively captured by the fan blades and resulting a much higher air flow, fan loading and stronger vortex.
Great project, good video - but you missed out so many cool things that could be demonstrated with it: showing the aerodynamics of the air intakes, different modes of tornadoes, over and underpowering the fan to see chaotic movement, etc etc - I want to seee moaaar plzzz
there's a closed down place here in the UK called Magna, I've been there a few years back and at the time they had a good six feet+ tall petrol based (i believe) tornado that looked amazing before ignition and phenomenal after! thank you for the great material!
If I remember right, when we saw a demo of this in elementary school (40 yrs ago) they used a pan of water on a hot plate at the bottom, and no fan. Not as impressive but truer to the actual formation of a tornado. Things have to be just right to get it to work but the vapor funnel is actually water condensing out of the air.
Awesome ! while you were chatting out front some weird dynamics and Tornadoy stuff going on like bursts of oscillations and standing waves moving up and down the vortex....cheers.
Not sure if you all started doing this with this video or it's been a recent thing but I super appreciate the voice over for the demonstrations with the smaller (but still loud) fan.
I have to agree with some others that this was not only a really cool (but surprisingly simple) project, it was one of your best "science lesson" videos, too!
25:23 the vortex starts to "laminar"-ize. (I'm not sure if it is related to laminar flow in any way) 25:28 the inner zone can be seen 25:31 clearly distinguishable 25:33 disturbance, "laminar"-ization destabalizes briefly 25:38 from here on, pure sci-fi: connection symbol, background element/ lighting, AI consciousness, whatever you can think up. Amazing effect.
I love your explanation of the ice-skater's conservation of angular momentum. Most people assume that everything is moving "faster", which you correctly stated as not being true. People get this wrong about orbital mechanics, too.
we must be from around the same Era 😀 I remember as a kid back in the 70's, going to Sears or Montgomery wards with my folks and seeing the vacuum cleaner displayed with the ball floating. it also fascinated me, I remember sneaking back to the display while my folks were distracted with looking at sometime else, and they always knew where to find me when I wandered off 😀👍
Love these! Small suggestion... if you have an electro-mechanical device... even if its operation is apparent, like a fan... put an LED on it to indicate whether it is powered or not. I think this will increase production value for only a small addition.
A few weeks ago we had to watch a tornado selectively destroy structures, ripp of trees in front of a church , all in a relatively small section of the city. The surprising part is the forces active on a very small area , like tons over a few square feet . That is the motivation to watch your presentation, to quantify the physics involved, my activity as an aeronautical engineer.
Sometimes in the early morning over a still pond, a few minutes after the sun hits the surface a frantic mist appears over the water. The amazing thing is six or twelve foot tall mini tornadoes about four to six inches in diameter.
Sunlight photoionises the surface of water (see Gerald Pollack) which creates water vesicles (via sputtering of sufficiently ionised bodies) that approximate a dust/vapor plasma. It so happens that both the vesicles and the Earth's surface have a bulk negative charge causing the levitation of the droplets and water vapor. (again Pollack). What does get interesting is that aerosol largely acts like a gas, and since the droplets have a bulk charge, it acts like a gas plasma. The vortices you see are a result of Marklund Convection, the formation of plasma filaments (very common in plasma experiments). The rotation of the vortex is induced by the Lorentz Force. If the vortex were powerful enough, like that of a hurricane, you'd see that there's a concentric and counter-rotating shell around the inner cone. This counterbalances the spin, and the current of the vortex. Given the difference in radii, and volume, it doesn't need to be that (charge) dense, thus diffuse and invisible water vapor is a sufficient ballast. As it turns out, electricity is very orderly, and more powerful than thermal forces. If you want to see more, look up "Matt Finn: Electrical Dust Devils". It provides the above explanation with more detail and examples.
Finally it's weekend, finally I found some time to watch it, well done! 😊 I'm wondering if you could just put a pot of boiling water instead of using dry ice, and maybe turn off the fan as the steam is anyhow rising.
I could not help but think of the small dust collector i use on my shop vac. It does an amazing job separating fine particles of dust, I guess, by centrifugal force. Also, good point about water changing state from vapor to droplets.
at 25:00 when you leave the chamber the tornado shows some really interesting rippling effects, I wonder what causes that. Probably just small air perturbations but the way it seems to be alive is really fascinating
It's a bit too much for the folks with a 10 min attention span. I'd like to think that in some small way, having a quality audience pushes them a bit higher but I agree that it would be nice for them to be more widely recognised.
That was awesome. The tornado robe is reminiscent of the one Neil Peart was wearing on the back cover pic of 2112. I find favor with same lol. Still my all time fav of yours was the cloud chamber for sub atomic particles. That was about the most amazing thing but on many levels from construction to theory to visualizing the universe in which we live. I think about it often.
Our friendly neighborhood Jedi scientists are back! This is AWESOME! And mind you, those jedi robes fit you rather well. Surprisingly well. You do, in fact, look like a wise jedi master.
Cool 👍. Great. Btw that and the glow in the dark drinks , well, happy Halloween. I personally like when it starts to get smaller and die out , i like the effect a little more looks a little cooler to me.
that was a pretty cool thing you built there, loved it sure it was a crude example of how a tornado forms and works (without the strong wind force behind it) the visual was pretty awesome :o) 👍
The only thing missing was a small fire source. Heck, try several. A little wood, alcohol, gasoline, what's that liquid that burns green? Oh, of course you don't want to burn up that fan... Hmmm. A few yards of ducting, maybe? Cool video. I very much enjoy your approach to science.
this 5 minute intro, made me understand why particles "create pressure". after all those years, I realise that a gas is a bunch of elements bouncing randomly. But the structured stream of the gas elements in the fan remove (Lower) the randomness. And also "remove" the randomness of the elements in the boundary layers because there are less collisions in the other directions possible. Because these elements are like billiard balls knocking the other elements in the (in this case because of the fan) upward direction. So that's why there is "high pressure " and "low pressure". Thank you!!
You did a great video, had great ideas and built a very cool tornado machine. Still i have an idea for something next level. I don't know if it's possible but I hope someone one day will build a tornado machine that generates its own visible vortex the way real tornados do by converting incoming air with invisible water vapor to visible water droplets. It might take too much pressure differential, it might take too much energy, it might get too dangerous but it would be interesting to see if it's possible.
7:06. Have to make a small correction here. The finger tips would accelerate in velocity terms, as it is angular momentum which is conserved. This quantity L = m * v * r, meaning that assuming a pointmass rotating at a radius r0 at velocity v0 with mass m will have an angular momentum L0 = m * v0 * r0. Reducing this radius to r1 gives L1 = m * v1 * r1. Equating L1 and L0 gives m * v1 * r1 = m * v0 * r0, so v1 = v0 * (r0 / r1), so it most certainly increases.
Quick example: a pointmass with mass of 1kg spinning at a radius of 1m with 1m/s of velocity will rotate with a velocity of 2m/s at a radius of 0.5m. In terms of RPM, the pointmass will increase four fold.
Another cool video by Tech Ingredients! My only complaint with you guys is that you don't produce more videos more often! Probably due to costs constraints in both dollars and time... you know... reality! Thanks for another highly entertaining video!
I consistently love your videos. Have you guys ever tried or had any luck making your own Iron nitride magnets (aka "Clean Earth Magnets"). I've been seeing alot of buzz and articles and whatnot, but nothing concrete or showing how to make them (consistently). Have you guys looked into them at all? Stronger than Rare-Earth without the geopolitical impacts? Sounds like a win-win if they can be built.
In the 80s, I was a SkyWarn spotter, and saw all kinds of effects in the winds and clouds. And once I rode out a developing tornado in my 3/4 ton pickup truck, that was an eye opener!
I love the cheese almost as much as the cool science explained so clearly. Thanks for yet another great show! I'll have to replicate this for Halloween next year, if not sooner. The noise is the only issue; I wonder if concealing the fan elsewhere with ductwork between would dampen that noise enough not to interfere with a social event. hmm...
First thought, you’re a Jedi ( star wars) then I knew , I was right! Such a brilliant magician!! Loved it! Several Dutch people will join your channel, I ‘ ve tipped them. Thank you for being you ( and your family)! Andy
Use the LED strips that are encased in silicone, for outside use. If you try to store these, or even while using the structure, LEDs are going to fly all over the place, they get ripped away from the strip if you hit them with something.
Great episode! Interesting subject, great demonstrations, great explanations, and great production. Lets be honest, not many of us will build huge tornado chambers, so we don't need more details about how you built yours, that was just about perfect. About the pirouetting ice skater, would it be safe to assume that the average velocity of the whole skater remains the same, minus some losses to friction, and the velocity of the hands actually decrease significantly, as some of the momentum in the hands is transferred to the part which radius remains the same? The part about water vapor giving off energy when condensing, doesn't the water density increase and volume thereby decrease about a 1000 times when it condenses, which would have the net effect of reducing the buoyancy? If the very small liquid water particles "behaves" as gas molecules, the effect on overall density from enthalpy of vaporization released should be about cancelled when the liquid water particle reaches about three molecules average, if I understand it correctly, and calculated correctly. Am I totally off, or does it take time to reach net reduction in volume?
For a smaller chamber you can use an ultrasonic mist maker, they just require water and electricity. You wouldn't think a small mist maker would work well, but I think the low pressure center of the vortex helps bring out the fog.
That's what I was thinking as well. Wonder if you could get several of them for the big tornado machine?
I can't imagine the residue from those fog machines, I've noticed white mineral dust from the ultrasonic humidifiers, let alone atomizing oil or glycerin in the air.
@@Dan-yk6sy
That is some hard water you are dealing with.
Yeah with distilled water.
It would take several high power ones, but would leave only water.
@@Dan-yk6sy With decent juice there isnt ....much.... residue. Then again, Ive mainly used them in themed attractions ( from little 40w cheapies to 1500w ones with dmx and stand alone brains) not an plexi box, but there is a VERY stark difference between walmart fog juice and something like frogger juice. Especially if you use a more hazier or stringier fog (hazers are for lasers, and strings are for like flowing through something like fence stakes, makes long wispy tendrils. From what Ive been able to get out of the guys from Frogger at conventions is the fog characteristics has to do with how the glycol chains form after the water flashes and the steam 'fluffs' the oils into the air and carries them out of the machine), compared to something like 'bog fog' which is the thick long lasting low to the ground stuff.
You can use old ecig cartridges for mini foggers, just add a bit of airflow and you're set. I use an old vape pen with some fog juice for visualizing my laser demos (more science-y diffraction and interferometer stuff).
Otherwise, yeah, absolutely use distilled non-mineralized water. The ultrasonic disks pulverize the water into droplets (basically cavitate-shove-cavitate-shove etc) so anything in the water will just fall out and cake on the disks. The good news is there are models with replicable disk sections (they're just held down by a ring retainer onto the contacts). So if they get too scummy you can just order a bag full of replacement disks instead of replacing the whole unit.
Oh, side note: remember to run vinegar and distilled water through your fog machines before and after use before storage. The last run should be just water until it stops smelling like vinegar. Gets all the leftover crap and crud out ;)
This idea has me thinking of the possibility of using it for wet flow analysis of cylinder head / induction systems, on a flow bench.
I realize it wouldn’t be a exact analog, for differences in characteristics, between fuel and water, but think it may provide a demonstration of the general behaviors of aerosol flows within specific port configurations.
Minor correction: when an ice skater pulls in her arms, she is conserving angular momentum, but gaining kinetic energy- pulling in her arms against centrifugal force takes work, and that work goes into increased linear speed.
(if you refuse to work in rotating coordinates, the velocity vector of her hands is not perfectly perpendicular to their acceleration while they are moving inwards, so they gain speed- but it's cleaner to just work in rotating coordinates)
Sorry to nitpick, but the increase in pointwise velocity as a tornado contracts is important to the destructiveness of the phenomenon. love your videos!
I still remember my 7th grade science teacher back in the 90s doing a tornado demonstration showing some similar aerodynamic effects, only he used fire to create the tornado. The demo required only an empty coffee can with a small piece of cotton cloth soaked with something flammable (can't remember if it was lighter fluid or kerosene/lamp oil), all set atop an old phonograph turntable. The updraft created by the convection from the heat rising, along with the rotation from the turntable, created a stunning twisting fire column that of course as kids we all enjoyed watching. And since it was literal fire, the tornado was self illuminating and wasn't dependent on humidity of the air to condense water-droplets so it could be seen; in-fact the effect looked even better in the dark when all you could really see was the whirling tornado.
Thanks Tech Ingredients (and my old teacher Mr. Wolf) for making science fun and interesting!
okay as you are discussing the foggers, there is a very interesting oscillation of the vortex going on behind you. id love to see more of that
From a videographer standpoint, i hated that he was standing right in front of the most interesting part.
@@6227836jschulzHe must've been a TV weatherman before this.
@@6227836jschulz offset left or right, with a small spotlight or two on the machine and the background blacked/darkened. and Don't show the whole machine, but be close enough that it takes up most of the shot. It's unfortunate that the best images are almost always absolutely uncomfortable for the host in regards to available normal human space expectations.
@@6227836jschulz And more ground light, less ceiling lights.
@@6227836jschulzfrom an amazement of the vortex’s behavior it annoyed me!
5:14 it seems so obvious when you put it this way. I feel like we take our everyday context, like air pressure, for granted and that can lead us to incorrect mental models. Explanations like this are the perfect way to correct that. Yes, Science is wonderful!
I like the modular panel design! I hope more people play with the idea. Nice work.
I have built a number of tornado machines for a local science center to loan to schools, and a large permanently installed machine that produces a 10 foot tall tornado. These used ultrasonic vaporizers to produce the fog, and they performed very well. The small machines (producing a four foot tall vortex) worked ok with a household sized ultrasonic vaporizer. The ten foot tornado used an industrial unit with eight transducers, fed with tap water run through a filter and DI bottle so it ran continuously without needing attention.
These machines didn't use clear panels but instead used four hollow posts that each had a row of holes along the length to form a set of air dams which both gave the rotational motion and helped exclude ambient air currents. This allows people to simply reach (or walk) in and play with the vortex.
One other tip: The vapor source should be underneath and coupled to a flat floor with a perforated central area (like a perforated pizza pan). Having a large stockpot or humidifier just sitting at the bottom causes turbulence that disrupts the laminar incoming flow and makes the vortex less coherent. You should be able to see that the vortex has a hollow core!
You guys are incredible. The work going into each show is fantastic and I always come out understanding principles better than before. Excellent explainer.
If you watch videos from How Ridiculous, when they drop a big rubber band ball with a small rubber band ball behind it, from a drop tower, you can actually see when the smaller ball tries to move out from behind the large ball, it is deflected back to the area behind the large ball. It's kind of like the demonstration you did here with the ball in the air stream.
When I was a kid, I stared at the little tornado chamber at the Detroit Science Center for as long as I could. This takes me right back to it. I know most people have rejected it as balderdash, but have you ever looked into the vortex engineering by Viktor Schauberger? Nobody has ever duplicated his work (and his son and grandson devoted their whole lives to it), but there is great power in vortices, much of which he observed as a young forest warden in Austria. Interestingly, we had a cool mist humidifier for a while that had an almost exact (plastic) replica of a Schauberger whorl-pipe that drew up water axially before expelling it radially onto a series of diffusers....
Schauberger had a very esoteric understanding of nature which many have sensationalised and misrepresented. He had a very solid understanding of fluid dynamics and some interesting ideas about energy and it's production which came from that understanding. It's hard to tell how many of the claims about Schauberger and his work are true but the fundamentals of his work would be worth looking into.
I wonder if you could "harvest" the static from all that air moving across the plastic film so you could have lightning accompanying the tornado.
You could place this just about anywhere in public, charge money to enter, and in a few years retire! Very cool!
It sounds easy, but trust me, keepin' a dozen 'nados in line a'int easy. Most of them are all screwed up, been turning sticks since they can remember. As the good Presenter has demonstrated, all they really need is a stable home, uplifting motivation, and loads of sheer.
Either that or set up a science museum with all of his creations and charge for entry
I would enter👍
Retire? The master laughs at you. Ha! 😁
@@cannaroe121399ĺ
This guy did a great explanation on how vortices form, and how to make machines capable of creating them. I have learned a lot from this video, and I'm now ready to make one desktop sized! You guys did great! 🌪
Thanks!
Such a nice description of Bernoulli principle. ❤
I love watching these videos with my 5 year old. He sat here fixated the full half hour. Thanks so much for making such an amazing channel.
Wow!
I have a mechanical engineering degree and you explained Bernoulli's principle better in the first 3 minutes of this video than in my entire education. Thanks! That one's been so non-intuitive for me this whole time, but the conservation of momentum explanation makes perfect sense.
I think youre just not studying properly.
Suggestion for topic to research and make some experiments: Test h-BN (hexagonal Boron nitride) nano powder (less than 100nm, better 60-50nm) additive for engine oil. It makes engine last longer. So it would be great if you demonstrated it on some small engines you probably have.
WS2 and h-Bn have a two-dimensional platelet structure and a high hardness which results in a very low sliding friction coefficient.
The theory is that very small particles of this material mechanically adhere to the metal surfaces of the engine creating a hard and sliding boundary layer thus reducing friction.
Great video as usual.
1 - its interesting how your presence inside the chamber disturb the flow. See the perfect and mesmerizing flow when you are outside.
2 - if I could i would place the dry ice on top and the fan on the bottom to see the difference.
Cheers.
I have been following this channel for a a couple of years. This one of my favorite videos from this channel. Fantastic job.
Wow, thank you!
The fire nado is pretty cool as well during large forest fires. Meteorology speaking the structure of a supercell has a lot of contributing factors such as the beavers tail forms with certain inflows thus adding to the sheer bases form rain free and shafts for rain this is a great example of using the doors to help create the variable winds that are actually occurring out in the field. Great job kind sir!
Indoor tornado experiment has been one my favorite topic to search though there aren't much quality video about it on UA-cam. and when i see you made one, my heart is racing from excitement 😂
This is definitely impressive! People don't commonly understand the structure and dynamics of a tornado.
I'm going to share this video with a local Meteorologist who is very interested in science and weather dynamics.
Please do!
I have never been disappointed in watching any of your videos, in fact I have learned a great deal by watching them, some more than once. Many thanks for what you do ! Longtime subscriber…
I would love to see you explore using additive manufacturing to build a subwooofer. You can make the subwoofer easier than ever before and the math of subwoofers is wild. Fantastic video.
Best explanation of Bernoulli's principle I've heard yet!
I dont believe thats a Tornado machine. I think its the start, and the excuse, to build a sky-diving machine. You people are crazy and i love it
I wish you had measured the wind speed in places but never the less I love your channel and thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.
Beautiful video and beautiful build! BTW- For those who would like to create beautiful underwater tornadoes on a tight budget, you can do so by filling a tall jar or cheap plastic bug terrarium with water then add a layer of ultra-fine grain aquarium filter sand on the bottom. The finer the grains of sand the better. Regular playground sand is too heavy and will not work very well. Ultra-fine sand has just enough weight to easily be lifted and fall back down gently. My local PetsMart store sells bags of ultrafine aquarium sand and small bug terrariums for cheap. The tornado itself can be easily produced with a cheap, battery-powered coffee milk frother that uses a small, spinning coil of wire to froth milk (create milk foam). Simply lower the spinning frothing coil into the top of the water. It may take a few moments, but a vortex will form that will eventually reach down to the sand and will start to pull grains of sand all the way up through the vortex and spit them out at the top like a real tornado. Tornadoes produced this way can look very, very realistic. Total cost of all three components is about $15 US dollars. Bags of ultra-fine sand usually contains a lot of dusty particles that will cloud the water. If the water gets cloudy, simply do a few water changes.
You can also “steer”, or guide, the tornadoes around the aquarium by moving the frother. In one of my science classes I used a 10 gallon aquarium with a 1/2 inch (2.54cm) layer of ultra-fine sand at the bottom and handed out a bunch of cheap milk frothers that I purchased from Walmart for a few dollars each. We had as many as 6 tornadoes being produced at the same time in the aquarium. The students very quickly learned to start attacking each-others tornadoes by moving them around the aquarium. We called our new game: ‘Tornado Wars’.
PS- I’m jealous you can wear pure white in your shop. Two seconds in mine and it would be incredibly off-white. 😭
watching your demo about air pressure in the beginning made me think about those things you attach to your hose to add chemicals or something like an airbrush for paint. i already knew how those latter things work but i never really connected them in my head before or realized that it would work in open air like that.
You're my hero. I have many ideas and wish to start doing stuff like this. I'm slowly learning how to communicate better and am working on my first 'presentation' to turn into a video.
Go for it!
This is the epitome of what beautiful minds can achieve, for a weekend project, when they have the time, the space and the means 😊. Eric you never cease to amaze me.
Just when I thought that the videos on this channel couldn't get any more spectacular, these guys built a walk-in tornado chamber. And then you explained how it was not at all difficult to build.
Suggestion: Can you try to float a ball or balloon in the tornado? I would _expect_ that not to work because the fan is at the top, but who knows? Or you could always tie it down.
Yo mate, your videos are one of the few ones which I have been watching from start to end, without speeding up. I enjoy watching and learning new stuff too. Very nice explanations and showing each new thing step by step. Keep up your good work 😃
Thanks!
One of the best public facing science/engineering/tech communicators on the planet imo. Thank you for sharing your work with us!
Wow, thanks!
The coloured smoke devices you made a few years ago might go nicely with this one.
Very interesting. I’d like to know a little bit more about the dynamics and what adding an afterburner could do to make a smokeless fire pit.
About the ice skater example at 7:00 Please note that the rotational kinetic energy *does* increase; the tangential velocity (of the extremities) of the ice skater does increase. Explanation: in order to sustain the circumnavigating motion (of the extremities) a centripetal force is exerted. When the ice skater contracts her arms that centripetal force is doing *work*, increasing the rotational kinetic energy.
Here's the thing: it is only with circular motion that the centripetal force is not doing work. With circular motion the distance to the axis of rotation does not change. But when a rotating system *contracts* then it is not the case that the centripetal force is perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity. During contraction of a rotating system mass is spiraling in. During that inspiraling motion: decompose the centripetal force into these perpendicular components: parallal to the *instantaneous* velocity, and perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity. The component perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity is not doing work (of course), but the component parallel to the instantaneous velocity is, causing angular acceleration.
Vsauce draws that diagram in this video:
ua-cam.com/video/_WHRWLnVm_M/v-deo.html
(Vsauce does his usual rambling too, in that video, but the diagram is good.)
Another example:
The changes of velocity of Halley's comet as it moves along its orbit. When Halleys comet is on its way to its perihelion (closest approach) the centripetal force of gravity is increasing the velocity of the comet. At perihelion the velocity of the comet is far larger than at aphelion.
Very interesting. Probably where part of the work from the fan was going.
So centripetal force is trying to "round out" ellipses?
@@Dr_Wrong It's not clear why you suggest that a centripetal force might "round out" an ellipse. Take for example the orbit of Halley's comet. That orbit has a high degree of eccentricity. The shape of that orbit has not changed for millenia. (According to the information on a NASA website Halley's comet has been in that orbit for at least 16,000 years) The only thing that can cause a change of that orbit is when the comet's orbit happens to bring it close enough to a planet to be affected by the gravity of that planet.
@@cleon_teunissen
It merely seemed to me that when a "force" is doing no work, it has achieved its "goal." ‡
Or, ofc, some other forces are "interfering" and stabilize.
i.e. Atmospheric gases are much warmer than space, but gravity keeps most of it from flying away.
Also, that was a question.
‡ plz forgive the anthropomorphism of the analogy.. 😉
@@cleon_teunissen
Also, on a galactic scale, "16,000 years" = wildly unstable, idk.. 😄
Thanks for the wonderful demonstration and explanation of tornado formation processes!
It looks like the vortex is rotating in the same direction as the fan. I imagine If the panels were adjusted so that the vortex was rotating in the opposite direction of the fan, the tangential velocity of the vortex air stream would be more effectively captured by the fan blades and resulting a much higher air flow, fan loading and stronger vortex.
the Dry ice finishing to evaporate looked realy cool. shock waves going up and down the coloumn.
All tornadoes start horizontally amazing explanation and even mentioned this awesome!
I built one of these ( much smaller) with my Dad when I was 12 (1982) for the school science fair. Just used hot water for steam, worked great.
The Force is strong in this one
Great project, good video - but you missed out so many cool things that could be demonstrated with it: showing the aerodynamics of the air intakes, different modes of tornadoes, over and underpowering the fan to see chaotic movement, etc etc - I want to seee moaaar plzzz
The equations and explanation of them. Is a favorite love from your channel.
there's a closed down place here in the UK called Magna, I've been there a few years back and at the time they had a good six feet+ tall petrol based (i believe) tornado that looked amazing before ignition and phenomenal after! thank you for the great material!
closed down meaning it served a different purpose before becoming a visiting attraction...
If I remember right, when we saw a demo of this in elementary school (40 yrs ago) they used a pan of water on a hot plate at the bottom, and no fan. Not as impressive but truer to the actual formation of a tornado. Things have to be just right to get it to work but the vapor funnel is actually water condensing out of the air.
Awesome ! while you were chatting out front some weird dynamics and Tornadoy stuff going on like bursts of oscillations and standing waves moving up and down the vortex....cheers.
Not sure if you all started doing this with this video or it's been a recent thing but I super appreciate the voice over for the demonstrations with the smaller (but still loud) fan.
I have to agree with some others that this was not only a really cool (but surprisingly simple) project, it was one of your best "science lesson" videos, too!
This was one of your best episodes, you explained lots of interesting science in a succinct and lucid fashion. The chamber is nice too. Thanks!
25:23 the vortex starts to "laminar"-ize. (I'm not sure if it is related to laminar flow in any way)
25:28 the inner zone can be seen
25:31 clearly distinguishable
25:33 disturbance, "laminar"-ization destabalizes briefly
25:38 from here on, pure sci-fi: connection symbol, background element/ lighting, AI consciousness, whatever you can think up. Amazing effect.
29:00 Looking at the outfit, I expected something like "... and may the Force be with you".
Your videos are so good. Definitely my favorite science channel. Most channels arent advanced enough for my liking.
I love your explanation of the ice-skater's conservation of angular momentum. Most people assume that everything is moving "faster", which you correctly stated as not being true. People get this wrong about orbital mechanics, too.
Again thank you for the awesome, informative demonstration.....
we must be from around the same Era 😀
I remember as a kid back in the 70's, going to Sears or Montgomery wards
with my folks and seeing the vacuum cleaner displayed with the ball floating.
it also fascinated me, I remember sneaking back to the display while my folks
were distracted with looking at sometime else, and they always knew where to
find me when I wandered off 😀👍
Love these projects, and I always learn something new. It's been fun watching from way back when it was about banana liqueur, diy speakers and more.
"Tornado Robe"? ... May the force be with you :D
Awesome stuff. It was fantastic to see you approach some of the same concepts I've learned from Dr. Reed Timmer, just through a different lens.
Love these! Small suggestion... if you have an electro-mechanical device... even if its operation is apparent, like a fan... put an LED on it to indicate whether it is powered or not. I think this will increase production value for only a small addition.
That uniform is channeling some serious WEF energy
"The science is strong with this one"
A few weeks ago we had to watch a tornado selectively destroy structures, ripp of trees in front of a church , all in a relatively small section of the city.
The surprising part is the forces active on a very small area , like tons over a few square feet .
That is the motivation to watch your presentation, to quantify the physics involved, my activity as an aeronautical engineer.
Sometimes in the early morning over a still pond, a few minutes after the sun hits the surface a frantic mist appears over the water. The amazing thing is six or twelve foot tall mini tornadoes about four to six inches in diameter.
Sunlight photoionises the surface of water (see Gerald Pollack) which creates water vesicles (via sputtering of sufficiently ionised bodies) that approximate a dust/vapor plasma. It so happens that both the vesicles and the Earth's surface have a bulk negative charge causing the levitation of the droplets and water vapor. (again Pollack).
What does get interesting is that aerosol largely acts like a gas, and since the droplets have a bulk charge, it acts like a gas plasma. The vortices you see are a result of Marklund Convection, the formation of plasma filaments (very common in plasma experiments). The rotation of the vortex is induced by the Lorentz Force.
If the vortex were powerful enough, like that of a hurricane, you'd see that there's a concentric and counter-rotating shell around the inner cone. This counterbalances the spin, and the current of the vortex. Given the difference in radii, and volume, it doesn't need to be that (charge) dense, thus diffuse and invisible water vapor is a sufficient ballast.
As it turns out, electricity is very orderly, and more powerful than thermal forces.
If you want to see more, look up "Matt Finn: Electrical Dust Devils". It provides the above explanation with more detail and examples.
@@Dan-gs3kg "“This is the ‘cold fusion’ of physical chemistry,” says Michael Grunze of the Pollack work. "
@@BobCat0 Gerald Pollack.
@@Dan-gs3kg Yes, the nutty quack.
@@BobCat0 show me how the experiments are wrong
Finally it's weekend, finally I found some time to watch it, well done! 😊
I'm wondering if you could just put a pot of boiling water instead of using dry ice, and maybe turn off the fan as the steam is anyhow rising.
That might work. It would be a subtle effect.
That is really good job well done.
Have you ever thought about working on a electric wood fire gasifier
I'm a bit of a tornado nerd, and this vid was a great description and depiction of how they form and operate. Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
I've been subscribed for months or years.
Great channel, great educational content and great speaker.
Thank you for your videos.
I could not help but think of the small dust collector i use on my shop vac. It does an amazing job separating fine particles of dust, I guess, by centrifugal force.
Also, good point about water changing state from vapor to droplets.
at 25:00 when you leave the chamber the tornado shows some really interesting rippling effects, I wonder what causes that. Probably just small air perturbations but the way it seems to be alive is really fascinating
Beltrami flows, look up Euler's Equations and Navier-stokes equations.
Definitely cool to see, and probably feel feel at the center of the vortex. Definitely an interesting video.👍👍
I can’t believe you guys don’t have way more than a million subscribers yet. I love your channel. Thank you
It's a bit too much for the folks with a 10 min attention span. I'd like to think that in some small way, having a quality audience pushes them a bit higher but I agree that it would be nice for them to be more widely recognised.
That was awesome.
The tornado robe is reminiscent of the one Neil Peart was wearing on the back cover pic of 2112. I find favor with same lol.
Still my all time fav of yours was the cloud chamber for sub atomic particles. That was about the most amazing thing but on many levels from construction to theory to visualizing the universe in which we live. I think about it often.
Woahhh you guys went all out for this one. Incredible work!!
Glad you liked it!!
Nice sleeves, they’re real big. Another next level video 🙏🏻
Our friendly neighborhood Jedi scientists are back!
This is AWESOME!
And mind you, those jedi robes fit you rather well. Surprisingly well. You do, in fact, look like a wise jedi master.
I understand his choice. I'm in my 60s, and the first Star Wars movie was released when I was still in high school.
Eh?
well.. maybe more like a Walmart jedi master
Jedi is fine but when he stepped into his temple the first time I half expected to see Leonard Nimoy’s face when he turned around 😂
He showed us all how to use the force
Cool 👍. Great. Btw that and the glow in the dark drinks , well, happy Halloween. I personally like when it starts to get smaller and die out , i like the effect a little more looks a little cooler to me.
that was a pretty cool thing you built there, loved it
sure it was a crude example of how a tornado forms and works (without the strong wind force behind it)
the visual was pretty awesome :o)
👍
The only thing missing was a small fire source. Heck, try several. A little wood, alcohol, gasoline, what's that liquid that burns green? Oh, of course you don't want to burn up that fan... Hmmm. A few yards of ducting, maybe? Cool video. I very much enjoy your approach to science.
this 5 minute intro, made me understand why particles "create pressure". after all those years, I realise that a gas is a bunch of elements bouncing randomly. But the structured stream of the gas elements in the fan remove (Lower) the randomness. And also "remove" the randomness of the elements in the boundary layers because there are less collisions in the other directions possible. Because these elements are like billiard balls knocking the other elements in the (in this case because of the fan) upward direction. So that's why there is "high pressure " and "low pressure". Thank you!!
You're welcome.
You did a great video, had great ideas and built a very cool tornado machine. Still i have an idea for something next level. I don't know if it's possible but I hope someone one day will build a tornado machine that generates its own visible vortex the way real tornados do by converting incoming air with invisible water vapor to visible water droplets. It might take too much pressure differential, it might take too much energy, it might get too dangerous but it would be interesting to see if it's possible.
7:06. Have to make a small correction here. The finger tips would accelerate in velocity terms, as it is angular momentum which is conserved. This quantity L = m * v * r, meaning that assuming a pointmass rotating at a radius r0 at velocity v0 with mass m will have an angular momentum L0 = m * v0 * r0. Reducing this radius to r1 gives L1 = m * v1 * r1. Equating L1 and L0 gives m * v1 * r1 = m * v0 * r0, so v1 = v0 * (r0 / r1), so it most certainly increases.
Quick example: a pointmass with mass of 1kg spinning at a radius of 1m with 1m/s of velocity will rotate with a velocity of 2m/s at a radius of 0.5m. In terms of RPM, the pointmass will increase four fold.
The production value of these videos are getting better and better with every episode. Great vid
Absolutely fantastic video, thankyou!
Another cool video by Tech Ingredients! My only complaint with you guys is that you don't produce more videos more often! Probably due to costs constraints in both dollars and time... you know... reality! Thanks for another highly entertaining video!
Who else was shouting, Its behind you. Those resonances were the best bit. Amazing work as always and thought proviking.
coounter rotating vorticies to make a heat exchanger! boundary layer is the separator
Love the Halloween costume.
I consistently love your videos. Have you guys ever tried or had any luck making your own Iron nitride magnets (aka "Clean Earth Magnets"). I've been seeing alot of buzz and articles and whatnot, but nothing concrete or showing how to make them (consistently). Have you guys looked into them at all? Stronger than Rare-Earth without the geopolitical impacts? Sounds like a win-win if they can be built.
I'll look into it.
In the 80s, I was a SkyWarn spotter, and saw all kinds of effects in the winds and clouds.
And once I rode out a developing tornado in my 3/4 ton pickup truck, that was an eye opener!
Thanks for this video and information guys. Cured my boredom.
😊 Your B-roll game has improved so much. Great work!
I love this channel so much.
I love the cheese almost as much as the cool science explained so clearly. Thanks for yet another great show! I'll have to replicate this for Halloween next year, if not sooner. The noise is the only issue; I wonder if concealing the fan elsewhere with ductwork between would dampen that noise enough not to interfere with a social event. hmm...
The vortex form at 25:55 is really, really cool
First thought, you’re a Jedi ( star wars) then I knew , I was right!
Such a brilliant magician!!
Loved it!
Several Dutch people will join your channel, I ‘ ve tipped them.
Thank you for being you ( and your family)!
Andy
Wow, thank you!
Use the LED strips that are encased in silicone, for outside use. If you try to store these, or even while using the structure, LEDs are going to fly all over the place, they get ripped away from the strip if you hit them with something.
This channel never disappoints. What a fascinating video.
Great episode! Interesting subject, great demonstrations, great explanations, and great production. Lets be honest, not many of us will build huge tornado chambers, so we don't need more details about how you built yours, that was just about perfect.
About the pirouetting ice skater, would it be safe to assume that the average velocity of the whole skater remains the same, minus some losses to friction, and the velocity of the hands actually decrease significantly, as some of the momentum in the hands is transferred to the part which radius remains the same?
The part about water vapor giving off energy when condensing, doesn't the water density increase and volume thereby decrease about a 1000 times when it condenses, which would have the net effect of reducing the buoyancy? If the very small liquid water particles "behaves" as gas molecules, the effect on overall density from enthalpy of vaporization released should be about cancelled when the liquid water particle reaches about three molecules average, if I understand it correctly, and calculated correctly. Am I totally off, or does it take time to reach net reduction in volume?
They are counteracting effects, but the net effect is still a decrease in density.
You could setup some big ultrasonic transducers and may pure water mist like what is done for humidifiers, just scaled up.
Very cool!!!
it seemed like the dry-ice tornado had an almost constant diameter all the way up, but the fog machine tornado did not. i wonder why!