I don’t know another scientist who can explain these facts on a level that kids can get it 💡! My dad was a scientist ( a brilliant mind), but was unable to teach us very much. He was unable to bring the language down to a level that we could understand. I really admire that about you-I mean really!
I'm Ukrainian, I'm also subscribed to about 100 different channels but this one is one of my favorite ones, there's no channel on UA-cam I watch as frequently as this one. This is the best format of videos on this channel.
Love your show. Love Neil. He is so smart and make such a difference in the world. He make us to think more productively. And chuck you are an amazing person with such a great and funny personality. Keep it up.
A better one is this: 25°C is 77°F (a number easy to remember); now, any change of 5°C corresponds to a change 9°F, e.g. 20°C is 68°F, 30°C is 86°F; 0°C (i.e. 25 - 5x5) corresponds to 32°F (i.e. 77 - 5x9).
Great explanation Neil! Also, if you put the glass with the liquid/ice combination in a cold refrigerator, the ice will reach equilibrium with the liquid and will remain solid. Now that is really COOL!! 👍👍😉😉
I'm an HVAC/R technician and Contractor. It is called a heat exchanger or condensing/evaporator coil where you exchange heat. Allowing a gas that is compressed to expand generates cold air. Anything that is compressed generates heat. Simple concept to understand HVAC/R.
Freaking loved it, every explainer gives really good insight on what's going on, and that touch from Lord Nice always makes this a lot better. I just can't stop laughing when these 2 start giggling.
I'd love to hear you explain how adding salt to water lowers its freezing point for making ice cream. By the way, I just retired from 35 years as a high school chemistry/physics teacher and I used your articles from Natural History (like "Death by Black Hole") with my students throughout my career. Thanks so much for your passion and "earthiness" (ability to explain complex things simply).
@@elitecol69 you can use what are called "whiskey stones" which are either glass or sospstone, which is a non-porous stone. Freeze for at least 4 hours. Also, if the alcohol is 60 proof (30% alcohol) and you can get it to 5°F/-15C that's it's freezing point.
During college a teacher asked when the refrigerator works better, during winter or summer? 15 years later I still don't know the answer. Based on this video I'm tempted to say that it's during winter because the coils behind the refrigerator would be able to "hold" more heat from inside and get less warm. Anyone know if I'm close?
Haven’t thought much about it, but I’m tempted to agree with you. However, I believe the function of the coils is not “holding” the heat but rather transferring it to the atmosphere surrounding them. Thus, in winter the temperature of the air is way lower than in summer while the temperature of the coils stays the same, yet really warm. Greater the difference of temperature between the air and the coils (which happens during winter because it’s lower), faster the heat is transferred and thus the fridge is having an easiest time keeping the temperature inside. I know nothing about physics honestly and I might be wrong but if you were to ask me that question right now that would be my answer. Hope someone with a greater understanding can make it clearer or prove us wrong, I’m curious about this.
I think this might depend on the definition of "working better". During summer, the temperature difference between outside the fridge and inside the fridge will be higher. During winter, the fridge would be working less hard to keep the inside at the target temperature.
Hi Dr. Tyson! THX for being my personal Astrophysicist! You and Chuck are a great team! Your explainer videos are very fun and informative. Next time, please share the history of the MAJESTIC COLUMN that is in the background. 😷STAY😷SAFE😷 👁
Hello Sirs. Thank you for your cast. I am wondering if you know what is the current situation regarding the magnetic pole changing. What if it flips? I hope your team can explain this. Best regards from Mexicali.
I used to think the freezer was actually adding cold air to the freezer compartment via the fan at the back. Little did I know its not actually adding cold air but rather extracting the heat and expelling it via the metal rack on the back and leaving nothing but cold air behind... 🤯
I did a similar experiment in elementary school but in reverse. we monitored the temperature as the ice melted. the temperature stayed constant at the freezing point until all the ice was completely melted. side note: had to keep stirring it to get an accurate reading
Understand this video, thanks. I have always wondered why water expands as it freezes, but other things condense when temperatures drop (I think?)? Have you ever explained that?
I think it's related to the energetically favorable lattice structures at ambient temperatures and pressures. There's higher pressure ice that doesn't expand, but rather contracts, when freezing, I'm pretty sure. Perhaps hydrogen bonding in the liquid state makes the molecules closer together. I'm really not sure, honestly.
sometimes I forget not everyone is a part of the science community and doesn't know things like thermodynamics or that when changing states of matter like liquid to ice or vice versa(or even liquid to vapor) they must stay at a constant temp like Neil said to put that energy into the matter change fun to observe how he went about explaining it though
If want to talk about "cold ice", the moons of the outer planets (minus I.O.) is so cold it behaves like rock, so it acts as the "crust" for a lot of these moons, with the slushie ammonia-and-salt-saturated water beneath it acting like the mantle. Speaking of which, can you do an explainer if you haven't already on how salt lowers the melting point of water?
Has there been a video about the effect black holes have on light traveling through space? I imagine if black holes are powerful enough to bend abs consume light then the bent rays have a chance of escaping from the pull but traveling in a direction completely different than their original path Much like a ship slingshotting around a whirlpool. Is it possible that images we see of space from a certain direction are actually projected from an entirely different part of the universe?
Can anyone interested in this subject answer a technical question? The freezing point of alcohol is -173.5 degrees fahrenheit. If you have a can of beer that's 8% ABV, what's the coldest the beer can get and remain in a liquid state?
Just making sure i understand... In order to MELT the ice: - You first have to re-excite all the water Molecules. This is just making them vibrate at a higher frequency? - ONLY THEN any additional thermal energy added to the ice will come at the cost of the soild structure breaking down, back in to liquid state? I remember hearing about 'Thermal Conductivity' - very vague understanding, but it seems related to this. I also dont know the connection between vibrations and heat??? Is the molecular vibration intensity heat? or is it some sort of radiation or somthing (IDK, I am dumb) as product of the vibrations? Vibrating seems like Kinetic energy to me or is this one of those close relationships that seem like the same thing????? Is this too close to quantum mechanics that common sense(Big World Laws) breaks down and my already lacking understanding of "the big world" too shallow to make the connection... I will read all comments of what ever good person is explaining this to me.
"In order to MELT the ice: - You first have to re-excite all the water Molecules. This is just making them vibrate at a higher frequency? - ONLY THEN any additional thermal energy added to the ice will come at the cost of the soild structure breaking down, back in to liquid state?" This is exactly correct. All energy at about ~0 degrees C will NOT go into heating the ice up, but in melting the ice. Breaking the bonds between the molecules takes a lot of energy. You're also exactly right that this vibration can be described as a form of kinetic energy. Thermal energy is just a fancy way of saying "the average kinetic energy of the molecules". These vibrations are NOT radiation, radiation is a separate thing in the same category as light, radio waves, etc. Heat is also not quantum in nature. Here's some other stuff to think about you might find interesting: Heat in general is the measure of how fast the molecules are vibrating. These vibrations can also accurately be described as energy. In nature, thermal energy in an environment tends towards equilibrium. What that means is simply that if you put a hot thing next to a cold thing you get two warm things as the energy tries to stabilize. When a thing is hot, it's got a lot of thermal energy (vibrations) so anything getting close to that is also gonna start vibrating as this thermal energy spills out into the surrounding environment. Too much thermal energy can be dangerous (pretty obvious, but yeah). This is caused by proteins not working correctly when vibrating so hard (not completely accurate, this is a hypersimplistic explanation!). We experience mass cell death due to lots of thermal energy as "burns". When a thing is cold, it's got a lack of thermal energy. Things are vibrating very slowly. Because human cells need thermal energy in a very specific band, this can cause a lot of problems. Most tissue and stuff don't really mind a small lack of thermal energy, but your internal organs REALLY care. This is why your body will start pulling thermal energy from arms/legs to keep your chest warm in cold environments. If it gets REALLY cold (your hand in a block of very cold ice, for example) then so much thermal energy could get pulled out that water in your hand (A.K.A the primary component of blood) starts freezing. When water freezes, it expands. So this gets really bad really fast, causing massive damage to the internals of your hand. This is also known as frostbite.
@@barbariandude thank you for taking the time and effort to thoroughly explain the questions i asked and providing new content to be amazed and contemplate about - Well received. "Heat in general is the measure of how fast the molecules are vibrating. These vibrations can also accurately be described as energy. In nature, thermal energy in an environment tends towards equilibrium. What that means is simply that if you put a hot thing next to a cold thing you get two warm things as the energy tries to stabilize." This entire statement blew my mind!
@@Pragma020 Glad you found it interesting! If you want one more cool little fact, energy of any kind cannot be created or destroyed. The only things you can do with energy are transform it, or move it. Chemical energy in a battery can become electrical energy, electrical energy in a space heater can become thermal energy, thermal energy in a steam turbine can become kinetic energy turning the blades (which then gets harvested as electrical energy), but at no point in any of these things can you actually create or destroy any of it. What we call "wasted" energy (inefficiencies in power plants, batteries, etc) isn't actually energy disappearing, but turning into a non-useful form of energy like waste heat.
@@RetroFred so you mean some random misnomers like the "hot ice" that is not a form of ice at all? :p Oh, so now after you edited that... i'll concede that the "superionic ice" is more interesting, but still, only for " the few billionths of a second " that it lasts.
Forgive my edit, I had to go back and be more specific to differentiate from non-water ices. Yes compressed water ice, as well as the 19 or so variants, like cubic ice, superionic ice, etc.
Superionic ice is supposedly thought to be quite common as well as stable, filling the interior of planets like Uranus and Neptune. Fascinating stuff, and not often discussed.
Great! So when you put an Icecube into your glass and the cube cracks immediately.. Does it mean that the molecules in the cube are moving faster instantly when they are in contact with a warmer liquid??
Hello Neil and Chuck! LOVE THE SHOW!! Quick question: So, does it mean that it takes more negative energy to get a molecule, from one state (liquid), to the other (solid), than to just cool it just one more degree?
Dr Tyson, we watched a video you were in about something with cells “I forget bc I don’t fancy bio) in class and as a two year star talk viewer I was like “hey! I know that guy!”
Very informative episode Dr. Tyson. Lord Nice is hysterically funny as anticipated. Outstanding episode Sir's. Brooklyn NY loves StarTalk 💘 ❤ 💕 Side note, Lord Nice has the best gig on the planet. We're else can one work with the Coolest Doctor (Astro Psychics) in the universe ✨.
could dilution be avoided or not be as strong if the ice cubes were the same as the drink? for example if I was going to drink a coke, would using coke cubes dilute the liquid drink less over ice cubes?
An extremely SMALL amount of the heat within the coils on the back of your freezer are from its contents. More than 98% of that heat was created by the compressor's action upon the refrigerant which circulates within the system. In fact, those warm coils are where the refrigerant looses most of it's heat before being evaporated which then reduces the temperature of the refrigerant, enabling the cooling/freezing of your food. Refrigerant mostly in the form of gas gets compressed. That action generates a lot of heat. That heat is dissipated BEFORE the refrigerant comes anywhere near your food. The now cooler refrigerant is then allowed to expand, reducing its temperature and providing the expected cooling. While an extremely generic description, that is how all refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and moisture removal for air compressors function. I used to own a propane powered refrigerator. It used burning propane (major heat source) to compress the refrigerant which then flowed via pressure difference to the cooling coils on the back before expanding and cooling the contents. It is correct. There IS heat from your food withing the system. Only it is a very tiny amount, and it will not be felt coming from the warm coils on the back of your fridge/freezer. If you made it this far, thank you sincerely. I am no educator and may have not helped clarify much. lol If so, this explanation may help, as it comes with decent visual assistance. ua-cam.com/video/nVTdukNJdtM/v-deo.html
Awesome I was just talking to my daughter about the fundamental properties of water and how freezing expanding water exerts immense forces. Unstoppable forces? 🤔
Could you guys do a talk on the specific gravity changes in the water when approaching the freezing point? Like what's up with that? Why does it do it? Most everything else that I know of goes from liquid to a solid just keeps getting denser until it becomes solid, not water though. It does it's own thing as it's getting colder then 5 Celsius like it can't decide if it's specific gravity wants to increase or decrease as it flips a few times until it freezes. Far as I know it is unique to water and I have always wondered why? It is supposedly one of the mechanisms that help mix the air with the water in the ocean as it cycles the top layers of water with lower layers. Heard life in the oceans wouldn't exist as we know it if water didn't do it. Is that true?
It's to do with an equilibrium between two things: The hydrogen bonding wanting to pull all the molecules as close as possible, and that same hydrogen bonding wanting to lock them all into a crystal structure. At 10 celsius, not much ice crystals are forming, and any that do form almost immediately fall apart, but the molecules still have plenty of kinetic energy to keep them separated. As the temperature lowers, that energy is taken from those molecules. Some crystals start to form, but their formation is so slow that the kinetic energy of the molecules overpowers the ice crystal formation and allows them to get close together, decreasing the volume. Below 4 celsius is when that equilibrium reverses, and the pushback from the amount of crystals increases volume more than it decreases from the molecules pulling each other in while being allowed to get closer. At 0 celsius, the amount of crystal formation is large enough to form stable nucleation sites, which act as epicenters which other molecules can lock onto to extend that crystal outward, forming a block of ice. As a bonus, if water is supercooled, then it's in a metastable state where no stable nucleation site is forming despite it being possible. Any disturbance can cause one to form though
What's one drink that is always better with ice?
Extra sweet Kool aid
@@davidhopson5742 lemme guess you’re 9? 😳😆😆😏👈🏽
Long Island Iced tea! 🍹 😋
Unflavored sparkling water
Iced Tea👍🙂
9:40 … I love watching Neil get excited when Chuck figures things out before he explains them. 😂
I love the look on someone's face when they learn something!
Yea, like a little kid getting candy
chuck realizing the function of the ice cube in relation to freezer in realtime was the absolute highlight lol
Me and Chuck had the “aha” @ the same time🤦🏾♂️🤣 this was 🔥
startalkVPN beep boop beep
@@HOLLAifYouFEARmeIronic that you used the fire emoji in a topic about freezing temperatures lol
I don’t know another scientist who can explain these facts on a level that kids can get it 💡! My dad was a scientist ( a brilliant mind), but was unable to teach us very much. He was unable to bring the language down to a level that we could understand. I really admire that about you-I mean really!
Truly!
Lola- beautifully put. truthful beyond belief. my 8 year old learns every time- as do I. love it beyond belief
I love when Chuck cracks Neil up. Neil always repeats the thing that makes him tickle about Chuck's joke. love this.
I'm Ukrainian, I'm also subscribed to about 100 different channels but this one is one of my favorite ones, there's no channel on UA-cam I watch as frequently as this one. This is the best format of videos on this channel.
@Eric Tselovanskyi maybe you need to follow a Putin channel too
stay safe
Very kind words, thank you! We hope you're enjoying as your learn.
I’m praying for your country
Love your show.
Love Neil.
He is so smart and make such a difference in the world.
He make us to think more productively.
And chuck you are an amazing person with such a great and funny personality.
Keep it up.
Agreed
It's our pleasure! Keep looking up!
For people on the rest of the world here are some conversions
32 F = 0° C
5° F = -15°C
0° F = -17.7°C
A better one is this: 25°C is 77°F (a number easy to remember); now, any change of 5°C corresponds to a change 9°F, e.g. 20°C is 68°F, 30°C is 86°F; 0°C (i.e. 25 - 5x5) corresponds to 32°F (i.e. 77 - 5x9).
Keep it to yourseves we are not dumb
@@vykintasmorkvenas6839I appreciate this; thanks! Was trying to figure out a way 👍
Best duo on start talk 🙌
You guys make learning more fun than it has ever been
Thanks
Thank you for the Super Thanks!!!
Love these 2 ❤️ I love the science and the silliness just as much!!
Great explanation Neil! Also, if you put the glass with the liquid/ice combination in a cold refrigerator, the ice will reach equilibrium with the liquid and will remain solid. Now that is really COOL!! 👍👍😉😉
It sure is!
If that cold refrigerator is at exactly 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), yes.
I'm an HVAC/R technician and Contractor. It is called a heat exchanger or condensing/evaporator coil where you exchange heat. Allowing a gas that is compressed to expand generates cold air. Anything that is compressed generates heat. Simple concept to understand HVAC/R.
This video has so much energy. Quite enjoyed it!
Thermal energy!
This fascination for understanding phenomena in everyday situations really gives life a meaning. Knowledge is what the human lives for.
Freaking loved it, every explainer gives really good insight on what's going on, and that touch from Lord Nice always makes this a lot better. I just can't stop laughing when these 2 start giggling.
Same bro
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it :)
Me as an European. "The water freezes in the fridge and the thermometer shows 32 degrees" Oh Neal, what have you been smoking?
@Biser Angelov He did give a caveat at the beginning, "in 'Murica' we use Farhenheit" - I say this a Canuck who can no longer "think" in Farhenheit
if this was in metric units, 90% of audience would switch to another channel ;-)
Its.a.shame.the whole world couldn't use one unit of measurement....things would be easier.
"Oh Neal, what have you been smoking?"
*deGrasse*
I'd love to hear you explain how adding salt to water lowers its freezing point for making ice cream. By the way, I just retired from 35 years as a high school chemistry/physics teacher and I used your articles from Natural History (like "Death by Black Hole") with my students throughout my career. Thanks so much for your passion and "earthiness" (ability to explain complex things simply).
It just lowers the melting temp of water which allows the ice cream to stay cooler and last longer. A 5 second google search explains it all.
Video starts at 1:10
I'm watching ads to support channel
päevast rannar
Love how Neil gets so excited when Chuck starts explaining something and he's getting it right 😆 😄😄
😂😂 One of my favorite explainers and that’s saying something because I’ve seen all of them!
Neil and chuck make science and space fun again. 😄😁😄😄
All that laten heat it the worst.
Or you can freeze whatever liquid you were drinking so when that "ice" cube melts it won't dilute it. I make coffee cubes for my iced coffee.
Smart!
How are you going to freeze whiskey?
@@elitecol69 you can use what are called "whiskey stones" which are either glass or sospstone, which is a non-porous stone. Freeze for at least 4 hours. Also, if the alcohol is 60 proof (30% alcohol) and you can get it to 5°F/-15C that's it's freezing point.
Perfect video to watch on my break
7:17 COMEDY GOLD. YES I DID LEARN SOMETHING BUT DAMN THESE GENTLEMEN ARE FUNNY TOGETHER.
Chuck your eyes are so mesmerizing and Neil I love your sleepy eyes. The knowledge you impart is an extra bonus! Thanks guys.
Praying I don't embarrass myself by patronizing this great show, have to say how much i really like it, a whole bunch.
It is awesome, isn't it?
The way this came across as a genuine and vulnerable expression made it all the more awesome to read. Glad you're enjoying it :)
@@StarTalk Thank you for being kind. You all are amazing!
Chuck is a 🐐🐐🐐🐐
love the show, you should talk about the water phase diagram, that explanation is amazing, greating from paraguay
Nice one! I learned something.
Glad to hear it!
During college a teacher asked when the refrigerator works better, during winter or summer? 15 years later I still don't know the answer.
Based on this video I'm tempted to say that it's during winter because the coils behind the refrigerator would be able to "hold" more heat from inside and get less warm. Anyone know if I'm close?
Haven’t thought much about it, but I’m tempted to agree with you. However, I believe the function of the coils is not “holding” the heat but rather transferring it to the atmosphere surrounding them. Thus, in winter the temperature of the air is way lower than in summer while the temperature of the coils stays the same, yet really warm. Greater the difference of temperature between the air and the coils (which happens during winter because it’s lower), faster the heat is transferred and thus the fridge is having an easiest time keeping the temperature inside.
I know nothing about physics honestly and I might be wrong but if you were to ask me that question right now that would be my answer. Hope someone with a greater understanding can make it clearer or prove us wrong, I’m curious about this.
I think this might depend on the definition of "working better". During summer, the temperature difference between outside the fridge and inside the fridge will be higher. During winter, the fridge would be working less hard to keep the inside at the target temperature.
Works the same in any season? How old is this refrigerator?
Hi Dr. Tyson! THX for being my personal Astrophysicist! You and Chuck are a great team!
Your explainer videos are very fun and informative.
Next time, please share the history of the MAJESTIC COLUMN that is in the background.
😷STAY😷SAFE😷 👁
Hello Sirs. Thank you for your cast. I am wondering if you know what is the current situation regarding the magnetic pole changing. What if it flips? I hope your team can explain this.
Best regards from Mexicali.
He answered that question quite a long time ago after the 2012 hysteria (I can't remember the video). The magnetic poles don't shift.
Oh wait here it is! ua-cam.com/video/C7kubIYu69c/v-deo.html
It's the last question answered on the video.
Thank you.
when Chuck says.. go on without me.. i thought that was really funny
thankyou for sharing these videos 🙂
oh yeah.. ice in space gets so cold it behaves like rock..
I love nord because they do literally any type of channel
It's really nice to see Neil laugh so hard once in a while
Oh man... this two... they are so funny and inspiring...!!!
I do declare...heat always moves towards cold. All heat pumps are based on this principle. Love the content Doc and Chuck!
The energy level when the ice becomes the freezer is 🔥
CHUCK ABSOLUTELY NAILED THE NORD VPN PROMO, GREAT JOB CHUCKIEEEEE!!!
Best ad yet ! Way to go Chuck 70% off is nice as well.
I used to think the freezer was actually adding cold air to the freezer compartment via the fan at the back. Little did I know its not actually adding cold air but rather extracting the heat and expelling it via the metal rack on the back and leaving nothing but cold air behind... 🤯
As exciting as frozen water is, it's niels hysterics to chucks antics that get my likes 😂
Dr. Tyson and Lord Nice, the dynamic duo of fun science.
I did a similar experiment in elementary school but in reverse. we monitored the temperature as the ice melted. the temperature stayed constant at the freezing point until all the ice was completely melted.
side note: had to keep stirring it to get an accurate reading
Who needs comedy shows when you have StarTalk, with Neil and Chuck?
This has been an ice-plainer on StarTalk!
"Water aint cooperating" 🤣 chuck is the best
Theres nothing more that i love then a science shows with high comedy in it
Understand this video, thanks. I have always wondered why water expands as it freezes, but other things condense when temperatures drop (I think?)? Have you ever explained that?
Yes. Water is rather unique in its density between liquid and solid states.
@@JT_771 thanks, watching it now.
I think it's related to the energetically favorable lattice structures at ambient temperatures and pressures. There's higher pressure ice that doesn't expand, but rather contracts, when freezing, I'm pretty sure. Perhaps hydrogen bonding in the liquid state makes the molecules closer together. I'm really not sure, honestly.
@@DANGJOS thanks, that makes sense. Watch the video on thermodynamics of water. Rather enlightening.
they are talking in degrees fahrenheit right?
sometimes I forget not everyone is a part of the science community and doesn't know things like thermodynamics or that when changing states of matter like liquid to ice or vice versa(or even liquid to vapor) they must stay at a constant temp like Neil said to put that energy into the matter change fun to observe how he went about explaining it though
If want to talk about "cold ice", the moons of the outer planets (minus I.O.) is so cold it behaves like rock, so it acts as the "crust" for a lot of these moons, with the slushie ammonia-and-salt-saturated water beneath it acting like the mantle.
Speaking of which, can you do an explainer if you haven't already on how salt lowers the melting point of water?
Next, we need the ice-cream explainer (The fun of Ice Cubes + salt)
Them 2 make science learning so much fun.
What they are describing is heat transference?
Thermodynamics?
Right?
Someone?
Anyone?...
Chuck had tears spewing from the corner of Neil's eyes... like 😂
Has there been a video about the effect black holes have on light traveling through space? I imagine if black holes are powerful enough to bend abs consume light then the bent rays have a chance of escaping from the pull but traveling in a direction completely different than their original path Much like a ship slingshotting around a whirlpool.
Is it possible that images we see of space from a certain direction are actually projected from an entirely different part of the universe?
Yes it is possible due to gravitational lensing and light deflection.
Yes!
Can you make a video about Evaporation?
Can anyone interested in this subject answer a technical question? The freezing point of alcohol is -173.5 degrees fahrenheit. If you have a can of beer that's 8% ABV, what's the coldest the beer can get and remain in a liquid state?
I gotta go walk outside in the snow and listen to neil talk about freezing 🥶 second time in 2 weeks 🥶
You can put solids into the freezer, like rocks or glass cubes, and cool your drink without diluting it that way.
The unstoppable Lord Chuck 😂🙌🏻
Just making sure i understand...
In order to MELT the ice:
- You first have to re-excite all the water Molecules. This is just making them vibrate at a higher frequency?
- ONLY THEN any additional thermal energy added to the ice will come at the cost of the soild structure breaking down, back in to liquid state?
I remember hearing about 'Thermal Conductivity' - very vague understanding, but it seems related to this.
I also dont know the connection between vibrations and heat???
Is the molecular vibration intensity heat? or is it some sort of radiation or somthing (IDK, I am dumb) as product of the vibrations?
Vibrating seems like Kinetic energy to me or is this one of those close relationships that seem like the same thing?????
Is this too close to quantum mechanics that common sense(Big World Laws) breaks down and my already lacking understanding of "the big world" too shallow to make the connection...
I will read all comments of what ever good person is explaining this to me.
"In order to MELT the ice:
- You first have to re-excite all the water Molecules. This is just making them vibrate at a higher frequency?
- ONLY THEN any additional thermal energy added to the ice will come at the cost of the soild structure breaking down, back in to liquid state?"
This is exactly correct. All energy at about ~0 degrees C will NOT go into heating the ice up, but in melting the ice. Breaking the bonds between the molecules takes a lot of energy.
You're also exactly right that this vibration can be described as a form of kinetic energy. Thermal energy is just a fancy way of saying "the average kinetic energy of the molecules". These vibrations are NOT radiation, radiation is a separate thing in the same category as light, radio waves, etc. Heat is also not quantum in nature. Here's some other stuff to think about you might find interesting:
Heat in general is the measure of how fast the molecules are vibrating. These vibrations can also accurately be described as energy. In nature, thermal energy in an environment tends towards equilibrium. What that means is simply that if you put a hot thing next to a cold thing you get two warm things as the energy tries to stabilize.
When a thing is hot, it's got a lot of thermal energy (vibrations) so anything getting close to that is also gonna start vibrating as this thermal energy spills out into the surrounding environment. Too much thermal energy can be dangerous (pretty obvious, but yeah). This is caused by proteins not working correctly when vibrating so hard (not completely accurate, this is a hypersimplistic explanation!). We experience mass cell death due to lots of thermal energy as "burns". When a thing is cold, it's got a lack of thermal energy. Things are vibrating very slowly. Because human cells need thermal energy in a very specific band, this can cause a lot of problems. Most tissue and stuff don't really mind a small lack of thermal energy, but your internal organs REALLY care. This is why your body will start pulling thermal energy from arms/legs to keep your chest warm in cold environments. If it gets REALLY cold (your hand in a block of very cold ice, for example) then so much thermal energy could get pulled out that water in your hand (A.K.A the primary component of blood) starts freezing. When water freezes, it expands. So this gets really bad really fast, causing massive damage to the internals of your hand. This is also known as frostbite.
@@barbariandude thank you for taking the time and effort to thoroughly explain the questions i asked and providing new content to be amazed and contemplate about - Well received.
"Heat in general is the measure of how fast the molecules are vibrating. These vibrations can also accurately be described as energy. In nature, thermal energy in an environment tends towards equilibrium. What that means is simply that if you put a hot thing next to a cold thing you get two warm things as the energy tries to stabilize."
This entire statement blew my mind!
@@Pragma020 Glad you found it interesting! If you want one more cool little fact, energy of any kind cannot be created or destroyed. The only things you can do with energy are transform it, or move it. Chemical energy in a battery can become electrical energy, electrical energy in a space heater can become thermal energy, thermal energy in a steam turbine can become kinetic energy turning the blades (which then gets harvested as electrical energy), but at no point in any of these things can you actually create or destroy any of it. What we call "wasted" energy (inefficiencies in power plants, batteries, etc) isn't actually energy disappearing, but turning into a non-useful form of energy like waste heat.
@@barbariandude thank you for the information. I will look deeper into this as i am working on "world building" in my story and this helps.
Good show.
A handy cube of ice quickly makes acceptable my morning pint of boiled Joe.
I came to this video thinking I whould learn nothing new, yet, here we are.
It would be amazing if you guys discussed all the different forms of ice that are possible.
"forms" of ice? Like what?
The 15+ other forms of water ice, especially superionic hot ice which is formed more by extreme compression rather than low temperature.
@@RetroFred so you mean some random misnomers like the "hot ice" that is not a form of ice at all? :p
Oh, so now after you edited that... i'll concede that the "superionic ice" is more interesting, but still, only for " the few billionths of a second " that it lasts.
Forgive my edit, I had to go back and be more specific to differentiate from non-water ices. Yes compressed water ice, as well as the 19 or so variants, like cubic ice, superionic ice, etc.
Superionic ice is supposedly thought to be quite common as well as stable, filling the interior of planets like Uranus and Neptune. Fascinating stuff, and not often discussed.
I don't know _too_ much about *ice,* but _Neil_ is definitely as *cool* as it 😉❤
I was hoping to learn more about the Mpemba effect in this video. 😞
Too funny and cool. 👍🏾😜
Great! So when you put an Icecube into your glass and the cube cracks immediately.. Does it mean that the molecules in the cube are moving faster instantly when they are in contact with a warmer liquid??
Celsius is the only way to go.
Hello Neil and Chuck! LOVE THE SHOW!!
Quick question:
So, does it mean that it takes more negative energy to get a molecule, from one state (liquid), to the other (solid), than to just cool it just one more degree?
Should add a secondary:
Is it like that for all state transitions, up and down?
When we get all the way down to .01 k is everything solid? Even H?
Awesome 👌
Great video
I love these guys! :)
Happy 2/22/22 Everyone!
Dr Tyson, we watched a video you were in about something with cells “I forget bc I don’t fancy bio) in class and as a two year star talk viewer I was like “hey! I know that guy!”
So does this explanation of ice cubes count towards my class "The fundamentals of cubism"? Right now the class is giving me a cool reception.
Could you do an explainer on why ice floats?
So excellent!!!!
The only reason I watch this show is to see Neil laugh!!!!
It is hilarious!!!
Someone needs to animate these!
Very informative episode Dr. Tyson. Lord Nice is hysterically funny as anticipated. Outstanding episode Sir's. Brooklyn NY loves StarTalk 💘 ❤ 💕
Side note, Lord Nice has the best gig on the planet. We're else can one work with the Coolest Doctor (Astro Psychics) in the universe ✨.
Refrigerant in the system of the refrigerator icebox and air conditioning.... don't forget ambient air and Fan motor
Happy 22/02/2022 gentlemen. Great video. Now to put some 0F ice in my 65F bourbon and enjoy. Have a good evening you two.
What about super cooled water stays liquid and doesn’t turn to Ice until is poured from a glass or shaken. How does that work?
could dilution be avoided or not be as strong if the ice cubes were the same as the drink? for example if I was going to drink a coke, would using coke cubes dilute the liquid drink less over ice cubes?
yeah, some people freeze their left over coffee and added to their iced coffee, so when it melts, it’s more coffee rather than water
I always used ice water to adjust my thermometer to 32 degrees, is that incorrect?
Yep… water turning to ice (or ice to water) is at 32. Once all iced the ice cube temp could be much much lower
was waiting for neil to drop a term latent heat
You need to do this commercial again with better audio 😅 that’s hard to stay engaged.
This reminds me of a PBS Science show from the 1970's.
I always pegged neil as a vanilla ice fan
An extremely SMALL amount of the heat within the coils on the back of your freezer are from its contents. More than 98% of that heat was created by the compressor's action upon the refrigerant which circulates within the system.
In fact, those warm coils are where the refrigerant looses most of it's heat before being evaporated which then reduces the temperature of the refrigerant, enabling the cooling/freezing of your food.
Refrigerant mostly in the form of gas gets compressed. That action generates a lot of heat. That heat is dissipated BEFORE the refrigerant comes anywhere near your food. The now cooler refrigerant is then allowed to expand, reducing its temperature and providing the expected cooling.
While an extremely generic description, that is how all refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and moisture removal for air compressors function.
I used to own a propane powered refrigerator. It used burning propane (major heat source) to compress the refrigerant which then flowed via pressure difference to the cooling coils on the back before expanding and cooling the contents.
It is correct. There IS heat from your food withing the system. Only it is a very tiny amount, and it will not be felt coming from the warm coils on the back of your fridge/freezer.
If you made it this far, thank you sincerely. I am no educator and may have not helped clarify much. lol If so, this explanation may help, as it comes with decent visual assistance.
ua-cam.com/video/nVTdukNJdtM/v-deo.html
thankyou!
Awesome I was just talking to my daughter about the fundamental properties of water and how freezing expanding water exerts immense forces. Unstoppable forces? 🤔
Watch the previous explainer on water. He talks about this.
This one. ua-cam.com/video/AZeqrYYPa4Q/v-deo.html
Could you guys do a talk on the specific gravity changes in the water when approaching the freezing point? Like what's up with that? Why does it do it? Most everything else that I know of goes from liquid to a solid just keeps getting denser until it becomes solid, not water though. It does it's own thing as it's getting colder then 5 Celsius like it can't decide if it's specific gravity wants to increase or decrease as it flips a few times until it freezes. Far as I know it is unique to water and I have always wondered why? It is supposedly one of the mechanisms that help mix the air with the water in the ocean as it cycles the top layers of water with lower layers. Heard life in the oceans wouldn't exist as we know it if water didn't do it. Is that true?
It's to do with an equilibrium between two things: The hydrogen bonding wanting to pull all the molecules as close as possible, and that same hydrogen bonding wanting to lock them all into a crystal structure. At 10 celsius, not much ice crystals are forming, and any that do form almost immediately fall apart, but the molecules still have plenty of kinetic energy to keep them separated. As the temperature lowers, that energy is taken from those molecules. Some crystals start to form, but their formation is so slow that the kinetic energy of the molecules overpowers the ice crystal formation and allows them to get close together, decreasing the volume. Below 4 celsius is when that equilibrium reverses, and the pushback from the amount of crystals increases volume more than it decreases from the molecules pulling each other in while being allowed to get closer. At 0 celsius, the amount of crystal formation is large enough to form stable nucleation sites, which act as epicenters which other molecules can lock onto to extend that crystal outward, forming a block of ice.
As a bonus, if water is supercooled, then it's in a metastable state where no stable nucleation site is forming despite it being possible. Any disturbance can cause one to form though
Just noticed you have a video about water thermodynamics. Probably the answer is there.
How does a Thermos keep cold drinks cold and hot drinks hot? How does it know the difference?
Please explain in next episodes, Does the air ever get frozen ?