How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole | Space Time
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- Опубліковано 21 вер 2024
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Referenced Videos:
What Happens at the Event Horizon
• What Happens at the Ev...
The Phantom Singularity
• The Phantom Singularit...
The Geometry of Causality
• The Geometry of Causality
Previous Episode:
Superluminal Time Travel
• Superluminal Time Trav...
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Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
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It's a trap. once you start clicking you enter an infinite tunnel of links to more videos, been stuck here for 40 days and 40 nights
Sounds like you should'a built an ark or something, before setting of!!
😉✌
I have bad news for you. Entering this channel you crossed the event horizon of science and you are now inevitably racing towards the singularity - the point in space time in which you'll possess the complete knowledge and understanding of the Universe. Of course, there's a catch - you'll reach this point only after infinite time.
This is must be some kind of curse,i have never liked science,but then i started taking acid and for some reason now UA-cam only send me this even if i just search for music.simple dont make sense
hey, it says this message was posted "4 months from now" :O
Anthony Settee bless you. You saved with with your suffering.
I love watching stuff like this and pretending I understand
Hey man its simple in space tha faster you go depending on mass the slower time is. Now according to Einstein mass×distance×velocity+fuckidk÷migraine=igotaheadache. So now u know ur not alone my friend
Welcome to the club, feel like Steve corral in anchorman. I have no clue what’s going on, but I’m thrilled
On the other hand, I like knowing what he's going to say and not actually watching it past the first 2 minutes.
😂😂
Its simple numbers and letters = stuff
Me: So cool that you can see the stars through his shirt!
Me later: *wipes dust off screen*
Lmao
My god he's full of stars!
Everytime I laugh out loud directly in front of my screen, more stars appear... 😳
@@SpencerGD LOL
That's a cool idea though
If science were taught like this to me in school, I and many others would have devoted our lives to it. Alas, at my age, I can only marvel at the beauty of the universe through the amazing explanations provided by Matt and PBS Digital Studios. Thank you so much.
What do you mean? Are you on your deathbed? It's never too late!
The best time was years ago, the second best time is now. It’s never too late.
This is science porn, it hides all the work and effort needed to really understand and achieve it. This is great to give people the thirst to learn but doesn’t come even close to helping you understand the mathematics behind it. A smart teacher would encourage the students to watch this kind of videos but I hope no one is using this channel as a sole medium of learning.
This is great, especially for those like myself who are simply not mathematically oriented. I won't pretend to be able to do this on my own or understand the math but what is presented is something I can grasp to some degree, and not feel like I'm intellectually handicapped :)
DCUO COVEN
Same. I’ll never understand all this shit but boy is this stuff interesting and amazing! I can only imagine...
I don't like all the "I'm in highschool and feel dumb AF like if you agree" comments.
1. this is one of the only channels I found to actually talk science. like he said in the ending, this channel presumes you know the basics, unlike popsci and stuff like that that take twenty minutes of the same explanation heard twenty times just to get close to a level like this
2. just go and learn that stuff, don't complain but instead try to understand, whining is only diluting the comments with no new information
where did u get the impression that that was complaining?
their tone isnt whiny or discontent. i greatly sympathize with them because i myself am also just so utterly dumbfounded by such extremely complex subject matter. i dont know what else to say. i seriously havent felt this stupid in years
i'm so lost that i feel as if i've lost all interest in learning more, because it just seems so utterly beyond my scope of possible comprehension
X : DC Did you learn the prerequisites, or at least watch the previous videos? Or just click on a video that seems to be interested to you?
If that's the case, actually it's your problem - but I am not saying that you are useless. I am now 21-yo, not a physics/maths undergraduate, I was interested in Quantum Physics so I borrowed some reference books in University's library, and I didn't understand the content since they were maths.
So, I went to borrow some more Maths book such as linear algebra, group theory, complex analysis, vector calculus, real analysis etc etc
The cycle just goes on and on. You cannot just skip the fundamentals.
If you have learnt all the prerequisites and still could not get a hold on the concept… just try to review, distinguish which part you don't know and drill on it
בור אומר בלי להבין כי יש לו צורך לומר, ועל בורים אין מה לבזבז זמן. תמיד יגיעו עוד. קל להיות עצלן ולהסתפק בניחוש מאשר לחפש תשובה.
YES obsession=progression
what im having problems with is some concepts that i cant for the heck of me find online, like a proper introduction to how moving through times leads to moving down towards a massive object, or just a nice walkthrough of gravity and geodesics and what curving time means on a less superficial level without exceeding highschool levels because im not some math prodigy
if you can help me study up real nice and snug i'd love that, pbs spacetime is just where i go to learn what to be confused about next and this is definitely high on my list of what the hecks
This dude is a genius. Explaining topics to all of us like we are grade schoolers is not easy.
I've watched all the videos on here multiple times and it is really amazing how well they have helped me actually conceptualize the universe. I've gone from being completely baffled by everything to actually being able to grasp how this stuff works. Although the more I learn the more existential dread I feel when thinking about it.
@@priceyindividual2995I agree. I started watching his videos earlier this year, but I have quite a few friends who work in the sciences. It's one thing to understand the subject matter. It's a whole other skill set to understand it and be able to explain it in terms that are somewhat easier to understand. Especially since astrophysics is quite complicated to begin with.
Also, these videos and other science videos that talk about heat death have caused me to feel some sort of existential dread too. But it will be okay. Or so I tell myself.
Before I started listening to Matt I assumed that time differences were a limit to our ability to make accurate clocks. Matt took that innocence from me and I wouldn't change a thing. Love you Matt!
I almost never understand more than a quarter of what you're talking about, at least not at first. I kind of let them soak in, watch them a few times and pick up bits and pieces. Gradually they coalesce into recognizable fragments and I can piece them into parts that make sense. Checking other sources is a great idea and I've come back to episodes after seeing other things that help me make sense of things.
I like that your shows are different; you deal with some mind-blowing, counterintuitive, life-changing stuff. Summaries and simplifications have their place but I love that you get into the gritty bits. I appreciate it even more every time I consider how hard it must be to write and illustrate them.
I didn't do much physics in school and none in college so some of the ideas are beyond me. That's something I'm working on remedying, partly because shows like this make me want to see the universe beyond the confines of my puny human senses and understanding. To look it in the math, I guess.
After watching the E-MC2 episode for what must have been the 10th time I finally felt as if I understood what you were describing about the connection between energy and mass. It was a beautiful moment for me, full of wonder and awe and I thank you all from the bottom of my soul for it and the many others like it you've given me with your hard work.
that's how I learned music theory from my bass teacher.
Welcome to science friend! Happy to have you on the team!
All your bass are belong to us.
I don't have this much time or patience! Is "god did it" a non-veri-or-falsifiable alternative?
Donald Trump's gargantuan scrotum
G0Δ=Δid/Δit?
This is one of the few channels where, when I'm told that I need to watch a previous video, they are correct. There's a LOT to understand here.
Given the number of times Roger Penrose is cited in this UA-cam channel it is about time his contributions were acknowledged with a Nobel Prize.
:)
I met him with a small group of other students in year 11 at thr local obsevatory. There were about 15 of us, and we spent all day talking to him. Genius, and very good at explaining things, and makes nice art. Was a truely memorable day
So basically time can be viewed spatially because all of causality is sitting around for you to select which part of it to observe, and space is temporal because you're traversing it at a non-negotiable rate towards the inevitable singularity?
Best summary
Great summation
BINGO
Is this the same example that they used in interstellar, is this how is possible for Matthew McConaughey's character to basically survey multitudes of what were separate moments in time all around him and actually sort through them out of any order?
@@johnscott6481 Except he saw his daughetr's room instead of the collapse of the star and everything that fell into the black hole afterwards.
Your ability to say "Dankulous Memelord" with a straight face is super-human
We live in a society...
Same.... Wow
Dankulous Memelord: I don't get it, everyone with me?
Matt O’Dowd: Sorry dude, that's your problem.
That's dankulous memelord the third to you.
@@jocker6271 did you get what you deserve?
I have a hunch that PBS only pays this guy in v-necks.
I feel like this comment is gonna get mentioned in the next video :D
Lol, that's hilarious!
Hahahaha
I think you're on to something... ever notice how he looks down a lot? I'm proud of my chest hair, buuuuttttt...
So many v-necks he may actually be gay
Last time I came this early, electromagnetism was indistinguishable from weak nuclear interaction.
Cobalt Sthenia Your mamma's so old she eats quark soup.
You mamma's not fat when you were born you were Hawking radiation.
You mamma's so cold she can evaporate a black hole. (If you don't get that one, he'll probably come to it in a future video. Black holes don't start evaporating until the cosmic background radiation gets cold enough. The bigger the black hole, the colder it has to get.)
simultaneously the worst and best nerd joke ever, my respect is in superposition
hubes69 Thank you. Those are the best jokes I've written in many worlds.
My sides are in orbitals.
William Barnes I would have said they are passing through a half silvered mirror... aka splitting.
I have subscribed to this channel for about 10 months now. Just wanted to say that while I initially understood perhaps 10% of what is said and am no scientist, I am now understanding far more than I used too. The presentation and explanations are top notch and fuels my desire to understand more. Also has helped me to understand what my old physics teachers tried and failed to teach me. Bravo and more please. Pat yourselves on the back.
Okay, so here's my thought process... As you cross the event horizon, the infinitely small point known as a singularity suddenly shifts for you into an infinitely large wall, warped around you, which you must fall into. Even if you turned completely around you would still be falling toward the wall, getting pulled into it faster than you can escape. The outside universe has suddenly become the infinitely small point which you are now pushed away from (a white hole?).
So, no matter which direction you move, you're moving toward the singularity. This makes space time-like in the case where you are falling into the singularity at a constant rate (speed of light or better) and any movement you make will only change your perception of that decent, much like outside of the event horizon it would change your perception of time. So, for you, no matter how you move you are at space interval zero (one light year per light year, we'll say) but you seem to cover more time in that distance the faster you move. To someone else in there with you, I think you'd look like you were spending more distance to move across less time. Or am I taking the swapping of space and time too literally there?
Someone tell me where I'm getting this right and where I'm getting this wrong, because I had to warp my brain a lot just to get this far.
Time normally passes despite you being at rest or moving. Space is the direction you can move in the 3 dimensional world.
When you head towards the singularity, the flip is that no matter what you do, you’re heading to the singularity. Time is space like because you can move through time being frozen or accelerating, but you’re still going towards the singularity
@@introvertedextrovertedtraver Ah! GREAT explanation.
Can you clarify “you can move through time frozen or accelerating…”?. Are you saying that, hypothetically, if you were to try to “move” your body, time would speed up depending on “how fast you move”?
@@jameswww9524 Yes. It’s like being on an escalator. You can walk or stand still but your still headed in one direction despite what choice you make even turning around
So its like in normal space, we can go forward and backward while time moves straight forward, but inside a black hole it contains a history of whatever has fallen in there containing light from what fell in seconds ago all the way to what fell in it millions or billions of years ago all the while gravity points straight at the centre meaning we can go only forward towards the centre which has infinite mass and density while we can move forward or back ward in time in whichever direction we try to move, we get light trapped in that moment and we can see the history
@@jameswww9524 So its like in normal space, we can go forward and backward while time moves straight forward, but inside a black hole it contains a history of whatever has fallen in there containing light from what fell in seconds ago all the way to what fell in it millions or billions of years ago all the while gravity points straight at the centre meaning we can go only forward towards the centre which has infinite mass and density while we can move forward or back ward in time in whichever direction we try to move, we get light trapped in that moment and we can see the history
I did the math over 30 years ago at uni, at the end of a long undergraduate physics sequence. Back then it was all about "Oooh! Look at what the math does!" I got absolutely nothing about what the math MEANS.
Matt taking us back and forth between the math and the diagrams not only reawoke my appreciation of the math (fortunately without all the fiddly tensors and Hamiltonians this time), but also provided a physical context and "feel" for what the math tells us about our universe (especially the weirder parts).
But this has got me thinking about spacetime coordinate systems, starting with the somewhat unreal flat Minkowski space. I'd like to know why so mush cosmological work is done using using Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS), when de Sitter spacetime (dS) is much closer to our reality (but still not the same). Why isn't all work being done in FRW (Friedmann, Robertson-Walker) coordinates?
I think an episode about the various spacetime coordinate systems is in order!
Your questions is underrated. I'll help you get their attention.
Many thanks! Just looking at the various spacetime coordinate systems makes my head hurt. I'd very much like a Matt-style high-level view of their differences and applications.
I'd like the same, although I think I lack the education to fully understand any reasonably accurate answer.
Absolutely. A description of FRW starting with Murkowski and working up would be wonderful.
"I'd like to know why so mush cosmological work is done using using Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS), when de Sitter spacetime (dS) is much closer to our reality (but still not the same)."
Because you can calculate AdS stuff with conformal field theories, called AdS/CFT correspondence. For dS such a correspondence also exists but isn't well understood. The reason why physicists use it nevertheless is, I think, because it works until some certain scale or to describe things in lower orders. Also dS has some other problems like you cannot construct a stable dS universe, if I remember correctly, which is pretty weird stuff.
"We're interested in providing a bridge to understanding the real science." That's why I'm watching these videos, and am subscribed to the channel. I often watch an individual video *multiple* times, and often on .75 playback speed (or even .5, sometimes), in order to keep osmotically incorporating the ideas into my thinking. But that is only beneficial because the material is so dense, and there is so much here to learn. On so many Science channels there is a small portion of thin information, which though perhaps quickly understood, leads nowhere. That's my view, anyway. These videos are completely engrossing because they truly challenge me (did my English Lit / History degree in the 1990s) but don't completely shield me from the math, which I aspire to understand. Eventually. Thanks for doing it exactly this way, and please don't change.
I love how Crunchyroll is the sponsor! (i use crunchyroll all the time)
My first mindblow in a very long time (or space? :p ). Thank you.
Yup same, when falling into the center of the black whole you would have to go faster than the speed of light. Sheesh 🤯
my mindblow from this channel is that gravity is fricking time
A very long spacetime interval?
@@UwU-ok2jr same
not sure which is more awe inspiring, that these ideas exist, or that this presenter can explain them
If entropy increases over time, and in a black hole space becomes time-like, does that mean that in a black hole entropy always increases towards the singularity?
Towards the event horizon
No, entropy increases towards the future, but in a blackhole, the time-like geometry points to an infinite past, so entropy increases towards the event horizon.
wow, that was intense. It's baffling how our minds are able to poke around in these areas, digging beyond the fabric of our paradigm. No I'm not high.
hubes69 Sure about that?
I think paradigms are best experienced mid-shift.
I am high, and I'm pretty sure I know exactly what you mean
OuterRem ; or mid-rift 😆!
hubes69 I agree, it is really groundbreaking
In fact, the host MUST say "in fact" at least 100,000,000,000,000,000 times per episode. All future paths of his world line bend radially inward toward this truth.
Got it, finally. Had to watch every video on this channel 5 times.
@vadda afffg vxfvd dfvgg fdvff f He is actually much smarter than many of us here, now stop being dumb with such comments, people are trying to learn here and it will take time for many...
Crunchyroll is great lol
can you please explain it to me....please
Same, and I'm still having steak with mushroom sauce and veg for dinner
This channel is way ahead of everything else on youtube
“Matemathical”, I’ve watched this like ten times and I just caught the joke.
This is the most mind blowing video on youtube. I'm fairly used to abstract concepts since I'm in neuroscience but I've had to watch this like 3-4 times and now I finally feel like I understand it.
Amazing content.
nah...you don't. I do, and you don't want me doing brain surgery after watching a coupla vids on yt.
@@DrDeuteron i understand the concepts as presented on this extremely simplified 15-min format. The actual research is another story lol
I watched and watched and still dont understand. Wish i wasnt this dumb
@@DrDeuteron I'm a neuroscientist as well and I wouldn't do brain surgery either. I'll leave that to the neurosurgeons.
Muhammad sahab pbuh gave this thousands of years ago while being illiterate and living in desert
0:31 "mattemathical" good one
Well, he was talking about Space -Time dyslexia.
I've said it before and I'll say it again - this is *the* best educational UA-cam channel out there right now. Great video
(but, by the way, you missed the plus sign when briefly introducing the rest of the line element at 3:04).
I totally agree, it's challenged me a quite a bit with difficult concepts, but because I was willing to stick to it and keep trying, I've come pretty far from where I started. I hope everyone else is having a good experience as well.
NuclearCraft Mod Well, with the d Omega part, he didn't added it to the equation but said that he left it out here which is absolutely alright.
However, if you were to add it, what one actually does for the spherical black hole, then you would be absolutely right.
The Schwarzschild coordinates for a spherical (non-rotating) black hole without a charge are given by:( r, t, phi, theta)
Yeh, I understand - I was just saying the plus sigh itself was missing. Not much of a big deal really :)
It would be cool if they looked at the full metric, though, to discuss orbits, the time dilation of a radial infaller compared to an orbiter, etc.
NuclearCraft Mod Yes, right, I don't want to make a big deal out of it either. However, I meant that it wasn't meant in the video to add the term but saying that it was left out. They only put the term besides the simplified metric to show what was left out.
And I even think it is better leaving the orbital and angular motions out so that one focuses on what is really important and what not.
It seems to me that a radial infaller as shown in the video would just start out inside the interior region with no "left/right" timewise velocity, whereas an orbiting one would have that orbital momentum converted into timewise momentum? Of course, the angle would also increase the amount of time spent along the event horizon experiencing time-dilation (on both sides of the boundary). I'm just inferring this from the understanding I got out of the explanations in the video though, I haven't looked at the full equation.
I was born with many difficulties in my life. Although I am not fully educated, I have a strong love for science and the universe. Thank you for bringing it to me. Love you
I feel so bad for him having to read that crunchyroll ad at the end, lol. Great episode man.
I love how the titles of these videos seem intuitively impossible... But then are backed up in the content. I can't believe I actually have even a glimpse of understanding what the title means. But I kinda do now. Awesome.
This has to be one of the most substantive channels on UA-cam.
Love your channel, and absolutely love Cowboy Bebop. Glad to see an old show getting much deserved love.
I just made it through the video without getting completely lost. I've never been so proud!!!!
ZAMASU!!!!!!!!!!!!
Gideon Jones ningenn
I have now bookmarked this channel as Nap Time.
Crunchyroll!?
I was hoping to ear about Orange, that "talks" about space time, but CowBoy is always fine
Matt's an anime fan. (as am I)
I tabbed out right when he said crunchyroll and almost had a heart attack, it really took me by surprise
I know
LemmingsGoPOP! That was unexpected? Crunchyrool
I really think this is the best channel on youtube. Great content, as usual!
What I've learnd from this video:
- Black Holes are very poetic
- Black Holes are like quicksand
I DID IT! I FINALLY UNDERSTOOD IT! THANKS SO MUCH I'M SO HAPPY!
not yet for me
I think, if the more gravitation slows the time, so if you were the light and go into a black hole and reflect out in one second to the light respective , but in the outside universe would be billions and billions of years later. So that is why balck holes are black because the time in the black hole is much slower so that reflection to see the light it is take billions of year to our respective in the outside universe. but how ever if we could live that long than you would see the lights coming out. which that would be a second to a light respective. So if you were the light and you full into a black hole and reflect out in a second to your respective you would think you in a different outside universe but you are not just billions of year went past to the outside universe respective, so everything looks different.
Norbert Rabi that’s an interesting concept, but I come with a few questions. Since light can’t escape after crossing the event horizon, how will it reflect out? And what does the light even reflect off of? Also, if theoretically you were able to escape a black hole, wouldn’t you be able to choose in fact where you end up because at faster than light travel, time does become space and you can travel back and forth at ease. Or, maybe I’m just stupid and not understanding the concept of this video lol
Ryan Schuch The video said time become space, but I heard that black holes die at some point and it is explode and its give back everything what is sucked in. So that would be the point when the outside universe got older with billions of years. But the light which fell into a black hole first coming out. which is took a second to the first light. But be honest nobody knows what is happening in there.
But did you know nobody seen a black hole before. they just think it is exist but they don't know. Because they just looking at a black thing which could be nothing no reflection of starts on that area. But maybe just looking into a big space.
Lucas Balaminut good job
Time is created by causality.
The speed of light is the speed of causality.
Ergo, time travels at the speed of light.
I see what you did there Architect😏
This was uploaded on march 30th. You had an excelent oppertunity to upload this on april 1st, and finish off by saying: "...into how time and space blend together. In ways perhaps the strangest place, in Time-Space." Instead of finishing with the usual motto of the channel with "Space-Time" like you do for every other video.
I mean, the topic of the video was even how time and space switch roles.
Crunchyroll trial and more fun math. This channel is the best!
"Timey Whimey" Thank You for the Dr. Who reference.
AT the event horizon, r=rS, ALL space-time intervals, Ds, are zero regardless of how much time passes. (One might suggest that this also applies to how far we move; however, since only radial motion is considered, any radial motion requires r>rS and/or r
That is only a coordinate singularity. You can get rid of it with a change of coordinates. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%E2%80%93Szekeres_coordinates
you've managed to do what many said was impossible, to describe the inside of a black hole between the event horizon and the singularity. Absolutely brilliant video. You've earned yourself another patreon supporter. And you didn' t just cover the high concepts but all the equations, and explaining the each algebraic expression in the equations, which I really appreciate. As I understand it all black holes in reality should be rotating ones, because of the angular momentum of the original star that collapsed to form, it plus of any additional matter the black hole has swallowed up. there was a study done via a supercomputer led by Dr. Lior Burko, associate professor of physics at Georgia Gwinnett College and a team of researchers from Georgia Gwinnett College, UMass Dartmouth, and the University of Maryland who designed new supercomputer models to study the exotic physics of quickly-rotating black holes, a.k.a. Kerr black holes, and what might be found in the mysterious realm beyond the event horizon. What they found was the dynamics of their rapid rotation create a scenario in which a hypothetical spacecraft and crew might avoid gravitational disintegration during approach.while gravitational forces increase and become infinite, they do so fast enough that their interaction allows physical objects to stay intact as they move toward the center of the black hole. so then survival would come down to whether there is really a singularity at the end of the black hole trip. Probably is. But I still think of a person ending up trapped inside a strange non euclidean timeless void if their spacecraft survived the journey down a spinning kerr black hole. I also wonder whether the spacelike and timelike axis which switch actually might be a physical reality rather than just a mathematical trick. I don't know either way. I see mathematics as reality itself, so I interpret mathematical expressions very literally.
Scary stuff, if you move once inside, it quickens encountering the singularity. I imagine this like being in the centre of a collapsing bubble, where the bubble wall is the singularity closing in all around you. Move in any direction and you just smack into it sooner. Weird.
Travelling faster than light is like entering an event horizon. You disappear. 😂
Fascinating, the concept of time and space switching!
Technically though wouldn't it be more like space taking on properties of time? As far as I can tell, time doesn't become more navigable within the black hole the same way space normally is.
Yes, it'd be more accurate to say they switch properties, r roles or take on each other's characteristics.
I will consider my life successful the day I understand this guys atleast 1 video.
Thank you for this video! Please don't pander to an audience with no prior physics background. There's already plenty of channels which do just that, and like you say, if people didn't keep up with the video, it shouldn't be hard to catch up on the intro stuff from other places. Keep making videos like this, with some meat on the bone.
I'd love to buy Matt a coffee & have a chat! I could listen to hime for hours, even if I don't really understand a lot of the science.
I did this at University this semester and I've got to say he basically covered everything apart from the maths. One major point our professor mentioned multiple times is that these are JUST COORDINATES. So time and space don't really switch. The coordinates switch. There are other sets of coordinates (that he mentioned at the end briefly) where they don't switch (like those in the Penrose diagram), time stays as time and space as space
is "JUST COORDINATES" meant to imply that there is no physical significance? Because that doesn't check out. I think the physics pretty well agrees that time becomes 'space like' ie time having freedom of direction and that space becomes 'time like' in that there is only one direction of freedom. The word "switching" seems to fit in fact.
It was at about 10 minutes in that I finally understood the video title. Outside the black hole you cannot change direction of time travel, but can see the fixed parameters of space changing as you go. Within the event horizon you cannot change direction of space travel, but can see the fixed parameters of time changing as you go.
The centre of the black hole is literally the abode of death. Your spatial destination is unchanging and inevitable, but you can see your life flashing before your eyes before the end. 😜
Even if anime isn't your thing Cowboy Bebop stands on it's own. Worth a look.
and if instead space isn't your thing, you can always go for gurren laggann and see giant beings fighting using galaxies like they were... those weird asian ring-like weapons i forgot the name of.
Olórin bebop is a piece of art on its own. Even the soundtrack is a masterpiece. Too bad the band practically disbanded after they produced the music.
This episode was amazing, thank you. Y'all are doing elite-level work teaching this material.
I once watched a UA-cam video about black holes and stuff and thought that I was ready to understand this video. I can say with a very high degree of confidence that I realized I was wrong within the first 43 seconds.
I feel like this explains that scene from Interstellar
I suspect that too
Brilliant episodes, brilliant information and brilliant background music!!!
Understanding first half of the video and feeling like I'm having a stroke after second half. Love it. Will come back later with greater knowledge and see if I understand
Matimathical 0:34 nice pun
Nichol
Noticed it, but only realized it was a pun when I read this.
I don’t get it
@@colleen9493 "spacetime dyslexia" then he says matemathical because that is a potential dyslexia rendering of "mathematical"
A video about space and time being sponsored by Crunchyroll...
Alright, let me get my IBM 5100.
CarthagoMike mad scientist! Sonovabitch
Pretty much when you’re in a black hole, when it moves through space it creates the perception of time for you. Just how our ideas (the lives within the black holes of our eyes) change when we move throughout the world and see/partake in new experiences
very eloquent way of stating that last comment, which was a nice way of saying 'step your science game up'...
Is this space-time dyslexia purely a "Matemathical" quirk 😆👍
Lol. Caught that. :p
Lol. Caught that. :p
It's easy to spot that one when you're a mathemagician.
it is what really happens when one falls inside a black hole, as crazy as it sounds
+nacho73 Really? The "h" in "mathematical" migrates inside a black hole? That's not an effect I recall any studies about. Could you provide a source?
This might be something people on this channel don't want, as visualizing this stuff is easy with the diagram, but for me personally, I would love to have a 'graphical representation' of falling into the black hole, where the 'lensing' of the universe above and below were periodically stretched to normal visual parameters.
Most visualizations of falling into a black hole show the image of the universe 'collapsing' into a hemisphere, and then down into a smaller and smaller point, containing the entire spherical image in a smaller conical arc radius. While I 'understand' what is happening visually, having a version of this which does a sort of window within a window view, stretching out that visual area, to show the actual events as they would appear outside the blackhole if we could explode the conical view to a 'full view' would help me greater appreciate what I am actually seeing.
Likewise, if such a graphic could be simulated with this window within a window explosion of the portion of the view that represents the inward and outward universe, and also allowed for 'navigation' within the blackhole so we could 'experience' increasing the speed of our demise, and the relative 'change' in what we are seeing (What it ACTUALLY looks like to see light from the 'past' within our lightcone, with an exploded view, of what it would look like outside the extreme gravitational lensing we are forced to witness these concepts within), would make these points even more salient.
I have talked to one of the astrophysics professors at my university, and he thinks this is a great idea, but unfortunately our visual arts department isn't exactly up to the task of this sort of collaboration, as it's less a 'video' (Or even a 360 video) and more of a 'game' because of all the variables that have to be considered including the movement of the perspective.
Frankly I'm happy to have at least got the gist of the idea of what the visualization might look like, but it would be SOOO much cooler to actually experience it, and MIGHT make this entire video series much more intuitive for people who have trouble memorizing the covered material even if they went through it in order.
What is the overlap of the groups of people who like anime and watch this channel?
here's one I guess, although I haven't been able to watch as much anime as I used to after starting uni 3 years ago.
Heiko Schlichting yes but I'm so baked right now all I could think of was pyramids and hieroglyphs.
Heiko Schlichting it's popular science. So I guess your answer is young nerds.
anyone that watched Stein's Gate
Robert Tube
Myself included :)
We live in universe where everything move in one dimention without any escape. Thats what we call time, you have no choice.
Maybe inside black holes, you have another universe. We might be inside one.
Ouch!!! This comment is awesome!!! Rly tilted by this
This is a legitimate scientific hypothesis.
Who knows! Maybe our observable universe is only observable because it is just one mega black hole
There's time to make space, and there's a lot of space to make it in time.
in standard spacetime, accelerating through space requires the exertion of force on another body, or the emission of radiation. what would an object have to do beyond the black hole, in order to accelerate through the newly traversable "time" dimension?
That’s a great question
Hey Matt, i'm sending this message from 2025. Just testing the new quantum computer while having a snack. Let me know if you received it. Thanks!
Don Solaris message received loud and clear. So what do people eat in the year 2025? Have you tried the Soilent Green?
Don Solaris this is 2017, received your message, I hope you are eating crunchy roll.
what do you mean? Here it's 2063 and we thought our team was the first :/
Shunrar Clearly someone from your future sent the schematics into the past, before you even invented it. sucks to be you lol
alright listen up, this is the year 3000 we hit a few snags and fked up along the way, long story short everything is purple now.. do not, i repeat do not oscilate the flux capacitor with the gluon/higgs amplifier
PBS Spacetime has made it significantly easier to teach my kids physics the last several years. Now at 10 & 12, both can explain a great deal of basic physics, including a deep & respectable description of the sub atomic world. Now to be fair, the effort to teach them was happening already, and would have continued even without PBS ST, but you folks sure made it easier. -This parent thanks you.
The singularity becomes a future time, not a central place!
I wonder, does this mean if we wait infinitely long we will see the inside of a black hole?
U could jus fly into one
Yes, but you will die far before "reaching" the singularity
You can’t wait forever as you will always hit the event horizon first
There is no "inside".
All I could think of while watching this video is how this matches up impeccably with what was shown in Interstellar!
That is really sad for you to say so. Interstellar might have great visuals, but thier idea of an inside of a blackhole is pretty much oposite to the reality
@@Vrozkrokop how do you know?
I find it helps to think of light trapped inside the black hole as orbiting the singularity, that the event horizon exists because the orbital velocity at that point is greater than the speed of light.
If it’s true that you can never actually see an object enter the event horizon of a black hole because of it appearing to slow to a stop over an infinite period of time, then shouldn’t every black hole you look at appear to be covered with mass that has never appeared to have fallen in?
It would, but also those objects would appear horrendously redshifted, so much to the point that basically they are as black as the event horizon beneath them.
I have always wondered if space-time is digital or analog. That would be a great video.
Interesting - does the universe has a pixel size? Planck length?
@@MickOhrberg Sub atomic Particles are Quantised inside atoms at different energy levels, hence Quantum Mechanics
This video is digital, but you can put it on any analog video format you want. It doesn't really matter
@@MickOhrberg I watched a Ted talk talking about how if you quantize space at the plank length relativistic equations just fall out of it as descriptors
If you look at the Schwarzchild metric, the delta r squared (area) is multiplied by the lorentz factor. While the delta t is multiplied to the inverse of the Lorentz factor. But if you look at the equations of relativity, time is usually multiplied to the Lorentz factor while space is divided by the inverse of the Lorentz factor.
Kinda explains the ending of Interstellar with the whole timeline structure that can be traversed as if its space inside the blackhole
I watch these kind of videos whenever I get depressed. Lol..
Same haha
Wait wouldn't it possibly make you feel more depressed? Knowing there's so much more out there, and we're limited by being out here on planet earth
Im watching this and i dont understand a single thing. Im from 6th grade though
You fuckers make me laugh.
“I’m depressed.”
Lol for what?
@@TenshinhanIsKing for the laughs!
Right. Yup. Absolutely. Uh huh. I totally understand every word in the video.
Kind of explains where some of the concepts at the end of Interstellar came from. Still a goofy ending, but now I see some of the inspiration.
"goofy ending" OK
@@veritasabsoluta4285 Yes, goofy, silly, unserious ending.
I'm here because either the human race finally discovered how to travel faster than light, and there was some weird paradox that just occurred, or PBS Space Time just played a really good April Fool's joke on me.
I have made Penrose diagram so many times in my boring maths class without knowing it could have got me some science awards.
Perhaps a stupid question but in previous episodes you briefly talked about the theory behind the Alcubierre drive and the fact that if it were possible to make one it would simultaneously expand and contract space (in a way that is consistent with general relativity). My question is could such a device be used to 'pry open' a black hole by expanding the space in it faster than it collapses in on itself or does a hypothetical Alcubierre drive not alter space time geometry that way.
You know you've asked a good question when no-one replies!
@@Luke96Green But if someone replies to point out that a question with no replies is a good question, and someone else replies to that reply to point out that the reply pointing out that a question with no replies is a good question is itself a reply which makes the question no longer a question which can claim to be a good question on the basis of having no replies, does that put the person originally asking the question back into a state of not knowing if their question is a good question?
SmegInThePants Yes.
That is the smartest stupid question I’ve ever heard...
Well if no one else answers I will. The answer is no, even if we invent a working drive it won't allow us to open a black hole. Any distortion we make in space will immediately be smoothed out by the much stronger force of the black hole. If we could somehow produce more gravity distortion than a black hole then maybe. It would have to be much stronger otherwise they would cancel out. I just don't see that happening.
No one told me there would be Math. :)
this is real life and it seems that if one thing is certain the universe is made of math.
speedy01247 technically it's not made of math. Math is just our best tool of approximating the physics of the universe based on our observations.
speedy01247 we don't even decided or know if math even exists, it's just really good to work with but it's not factual to say the universe exists through math
however not Christal Math (like the previous episode) ;)
Math is the language you use to describe how a law-run universe like our own operates. So if you want to know how the universe works, learn math.
I always open this mans videos when I want to sleep but can’t. I don’t know why but I swear I fall asleep in 2 minutes after the video starts.
cowboy Bebop is the best cartoon ever. hands down
jeremy rose amen
_Cuts hands off._
Problem solved.
here to start a fight, are you? "cartoon" +jeremy rose
I tend to picture a black hole as obviously a large spherical astrological object with enough gravity to keep light from escaping its boundries, and that point where light can no longer escape is the "Event Horizon" and I do agree with that, that is the point in which a photon of electromagnetic force can no longer escape. However Hawking Radiation defines that black holes will slowly evaporate over time. Well the event horizon and "Singularity" are potentially two sides of the same coin. Now the speed of light or the speed of a photon is not necisarilly defined as the speed of causality. Meaning quantum particles with lower mass and energy levels created by the interaction of other quantum particles could travel faster than the observable photon. Meaning there must be space between the event horizon and singularity where time flows fowards even if it isnt fast enough to eject these smaller escapeing particles in the tiny difference between the speed of causality and the speed of a photon. Meaning a black hole would have two horizons, one in which time is too distorted for cause to have an effect before the death of the black hole through hawking radiation, and one in which time is reversed on the flip side of the universe through a hole of the space time quantum field. Theoritically a quantum field of energy could exist at a lower energy point than the electromagnetic quantum force carrier and thus could travel faster than any limit defined by the electromagnitism that drives the universe as we know it while still having an affect, maybe dark matter maybe dark energy.
Now I understood how on movie interstellar Cooper(Matthew) was able to move in time when he moves in space.. ohhh myyyy 💟
"Kado the answer" and "Stein's gate" are your anime's if you like this kind of thing.
Stein's Gate's the best! Alright I'll have to check out Kado then. cheers
People complaining that watch the video:"I dont ever understand this types of videos"
Me: Then watch it again until you fucking understand it xD
Nicely explained. I think if our contemporary measure of time, in 'our space', were to be applied to the instant just 'before' the 'big bang', the time would be zero o'clock. Take our contemporaneous time back another year 'before' the 'big bang', it would still be zero o'clock etc. etc.
We're surely living in a universe analogous to a black hole, *inside* an event horizon.
The math was a bit tricky since I'm only in middle school but I understood all of the other concepts! Thanks for the videos
There's no maths
Nothing really stopping you from looking up high school level maths and breezing through middle school without any real trouble in that department. If you try, you can learn.
I'm in High school math, but this is a mind boggling video.
Pranking the notification squad? Well played.
The most intuitive parallel I can think of is this:
Imagine a movie. You are one of the characters in that movie. All actions performed by you affect the story, and no matter what you do, the movie continues playing.
You cross the event horizon. You are no longer in the movie. You have effectively escaped the movie and are now seated at a car. It is a drive-in theater. The theater is a bit funny though. Instead of a single picture playing through time, all the instances of the movie are on a seemingly infinite expansive screen, stretching across the horizon out of view. You can see what will happen in the movie if you look right, and what has happened already if you look left.
Additionally, the car is stuck idling, and is rolling forward slowly. The breaks don't work, but the gas does, and forward is the only direction you can drive. You can accelerate or decelerate, but your car will idle and slowly roll no matter what.
No matter what you choose, you can't actually effect the story though. The movie will be the same if you drive to its past instances, and then go back to the future ones to see if things altered since your last visit. You can drive towards the left and see the movie playing out in reverse, or drive towards the right and see how the movie continues, but you know that once you reach the screen, there is nothing more you can do.
Welcome to the black hole.
Please, do a video about the four fundamental forces
CommanderNuts He probably means water, fire, air and earth. Too much anime I suspect.
CommanderNuts can you even count boi, you said 3 not 4..
Setekh there's no such thing as too much anime
I trying to help pbs spacetime
Crash Course has done a good job with those already. Also there's a Big Think talk with Michio Kaku that goes into them as well.
I don't think gravity is a force, so shouldn't it only be 3?
wait, wait, wait, does that mean that there is a possibility that our universe is inside a black hole? I'm thinking like this: inside a black hole (thinking outide) everithing pulls into the singularity, a single point. But outside, in our universe everything expands to every side (oposite to a sigularity) and considering that time and space invert so inside a black hole you enter a universe at light speed from the edge of the observable universe......... and since the inversion of a singularity inside the black hole you don't go to one point, you enter a new spacetime which is the black hole.
I'm going to pick up the pieces of my mind that are all over my floor....
true, and think of it this way: our unverse has mass, we know roughly how much mass, and a universe inside a black hole would have the mass of what went into it. Maybe the light from the moment when the black hole was created is its own CMB. It makes sense to think like this since the big bang theory makes us believe the universe started in a point, which could be the singularity exactly when physics invert, when the black hole is born...
The biggest problem is that black holes have a center while our universe doesn't seem to. If we were inside a black hole then we'd see either a unique center or origin point or, if we were very far away in a very big hole, one 'side' of the universe would differ from the other. As we do not see any evidence for this at all it seems unlikely.
ulysisxtr humm ... interesting inversion analogy. However, the expending universe faster than light and moving within the universe faster than light (inside black hole) are completely different concepts. Also, The didn't get your (explanation) last sentence starting from ".... and since the inversion of ..."
Gareth Dean I don't think you get what he mean ... fully read his msg again
the inversion of physics, time and space..
01:39f: Not the interval but rather _its square_ is negative if Δx < cΔt (time-like distance) which means the interval itself is _imaginary._
I prefer the notation
Δτ² = Δt² − Δx⁄c²
where Δτ is the proper time, the duration of a process _directly_ measured by a local clock Ω whereas Δt is usually "measured" - actually _measured and calculated_ from a reference clock C _under assumption it's stationary. _
If Δτ is real, it's a time. In real numbers, sign matters, -1 is quite different from +1.
If Δτ is imaginary,
Δς = cΔτ⁄i = √{Δx − c²Δt²}
which then is real may be called the spatial simultaneous distance between two events.
But I also like the idea of giving something like an imaginary time a meaning of spatial distance because in imaginary numbers, sign doesn't matter;
−i ≡ 1/i
can be consequently exchanged with i without making equations wrong which is actually the nature of spatial distance.
I think it would help a lot to get a approximation of what it would look like with two dimensions of space plus the time dimension. Treating space as only one and then swapping it with time simplifies it to a point where it can nicely be shown graphically, but hinders a full understanding to emerge. I do understand the 3 dimensional graphic I request is more difficult to display but hopefully you will manage to come up with something. Thank you :)