Tektites - why some rocks are dumbbell shaped
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- Опубліковано 29 вер 2024
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Tektites form in mid air after a meteorite strike. They're made of glass and the ones that cool down while spinning form dumbbell shapes.
Image credit:
commons.wikime... - Brocken Inaglory
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How cool is that little wax tektite?!
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Not the shape I was expecting....
zelda.fandom.com/wiki/Tektite
Steve Mould hey steve, it resembles a lot like "throwing a water balloon"
.....in slow motion!
As cool as an OBLIQUE spheroid, I reckon. 😉
Look up the flanged ones, there pretty cool also.
@Steve Mould I’d say it’s around room temperature 😜
i thought tektites were those jumping spider things from zelda
YES! :D zelda.fandom.com/wiki/Tektite
What the fuck is a tektite? It that even a real word?
@@frtard Yep, it is. It's even scientific.
@@frtard You mean the thing this entire video was about? Yeah, I think so.
Me too
I guess surface tension plays a key role here and a spinning water droplet cannot be compared toa spinning planet directly. For large "liquid" objects like spinning planets, there is no surface tension, so the dumbbell wouldn't be stable? But what about that spinning elongated planetoid Haumea?
Among all the sciency channels out there, you know you're on an appropriately nerdy one when the interviewed scientist Kyle has a Mario ? block, a picture of Ninja Turtles and nice flower pixel art instead of real (and messy) plants (2:48).
I have a quite large Tektite that I found. But it's not that shape.
It is round with half smooth from where it melted returning to earth and the rear half rough as it's shape it was when in space.
Seem more like all that is happening is the Materiel is Spitting in two - But the process is being stopped before it completes the split.
8:52 *HE USES BING*
Thanks, this answered a question I had since college, can you theoretically have a doughnut shaped planet by spinning it faster? Nope, but a dumbell shaped planet is possible :)
Is there a reason why you don't get tektites from volcanoes? It seems like they would present the right type of environment, molten rock being flung into the air where it can cool before hitting the ground/
QUESTION: does anyone know how strong are tektites? or how strong/hard is amorphous glass?
buy one and a hammer and find out
The Flat-Earthers will now embark upon a quest to make the Earth spin faster.
Not a good idea if you've read The Long Earth series (by Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter).
@@user-ep1hp7vj6p Atlas is gonna get swole
When contemplating Flat Earthers, and Darwin Award winners, have you ever thought modern medicine has saved too many people?
Lol, I love the idea that flat earthers just think the earth is a spinning circle, instead of a sphere. Exactly the same in every way, but downshifted by a spacial dimension :P
@@MichaelSHartman No.
Nah, you’re thinking of the Sausage-Earth society
Why some rocks are dumbbell shaped?
I think it's proof that Dwayne The Rock Johnson IS truly a rock
And he's dumb
@@discreet_boson why you gotta hate?
Ongeri it's a joke bro
How can you make a terrible joke when you dont even have a mustache?
rocks undergoing mitosis
I'm guessing you're confusing the word "oblate" with "oblique" and ending up halfway between the two.
I think you might be right.
I'm glad to see another educated, intelligent person making similar pronunciation mistakes as myself. A good reminder that mispronunciations do not diminish my intellect or education (though maybe other things do...).
@@SteveMould You should just pretend that, this is the correct British pronunciation of the word.
Oblete
3:10
If they're able to do this with liquid glass you'd be able to see the stress patterns after it hardenens
How can you observe patterns in glass? MRI?
@@David-bc4rh Internal stresses in the glass cause light to be polarized in various directions, so one easy way to see the stress patterns is with polarized light and lenses (like, say, an LCD monitor and most modern 3D movie glasses).
David with a polariscope. You can see video of someone examining the internal stresses of a Prince Rupert’s drop somewhere here on UA-cam.
Maybe it’s a Smarter Everyday video? 🤔
Don’t you need it to be at least somewhat translucent to allow light to pass through?
Thank you for saying centrifugal! People smugly "correcting" the word to centripetal annoy me. Yes it's a fictitious force but that is irrelevant. Still the correct description of the force the object feels (away from the center) rather than centripetal (towards the center).
I'll frame your reference...
@Joe T I prefer understanding what others say when they speak, and not getting myself turned around. 😉
It’s not a fictitious force. It is as real as any other action/reaction pair. Newton’s third says that if there’s centripetal, there is also centrifugal. Accelerations can be fictitious, and depend on reference frame, but forces are forces.
Think of the string connecting your hand to a swinging rock. If the string pulls on the rock, the rock pulls on the string. One of those is centripetal, and the other is centrifugal. Both are real.
@@stoatzsanswich8744 the problem is that there is no force PUSHING to the wall, the force is the one changing your vector, the string attached to the ball or the wall of the wheel, the force you are exerting to the wall is simply inertia. that is why people say its a virtual force, because it only exists if you change the frame of reference. doesn't mean it doesn't exist of its not real, it means you have to look at it from a different reference point for it to make sense.
I love how this guy teaches science without exploding watermelons and dropping four wheelers from the sky. The best UA-camr ever.❤️
Not that exploding watermelons and dropping four wheelers from the sky are wrong in any way.
And I think most of it is due to his soothing voice.
Yeah, I don't understand why would you have an issue with Rober's approach...
@@OHomemquecalculava It's pandering and the titles are clickbaity. Mark rober is in that class, but he's the exception because he has a high amount of integrity (I've met him). All other similar to him are just tasteless. Not garbage per se, since its still educational, but not great like this.
@@OHomemquecalculava its unneccessary, basically he does it dumbed down
2:05 of course, there is an XKCD for that :D
For years, it's been a mystery to me how geologists were so certain that the Sudbury Basin, in Ontario (containing very rich mineral deposits) was caused by an impact event, and not a volcanic event. The location, after all, is where we might expect to realize a volcano, because of subduction zone and mountain building (substantial, Alps like mountains, since eroded away) not far to the south. Learning about tektites sent me on a search, and sure enough, tektites and other ejecta evidence from the Sudbury impact event have been found 650km west near Thunder Bay, Ontario. Damn. I was always holding out for the volcanic explanation. The cult of one on that has had it's last meeting.
The area is also full of shatter cones, a rupture structure produced by explosions (you can actually see them radiating from the drill hole in places where rock has been blasted away). the difference is that, beacause the metror impact is such an incredibly massive explosion, the shatter cones appear to be paralel and and to spread troughout all the region
@@Piromanofeliz , When I first read about it, long enough ago to almost be reckoned in geologic time, the shatter cones as they understood them then could have also indicated volcanic origin.
I was always a hold out for the volcanic explanation, because I thought meteor impact had a kind of trendy flavour to it. But, there's always the Deccan Traps if I want to continue tilting at windmills. :)
@@rodchallis8031 tilting at windmills?
@@Hallowed_Ground , an expression originating with a chapter in Cervantes "Don Quixote" where an old delusional knight mistakes some windmills for giants, and attacks them.
The valconos in Ontario are probably the oldest ever, those were long gone before any basin formed sadly
Would it be possible for an earth size planet to turn into a Tektite if it was spinning fast enough? Also, magnetars and neutron stars can spin ridiculously fast, would these also be able to turn into Tektites? I have so many questions about this.
Not quite Earth-sized, but one of the dwarf planets in our Solar System, Haumea, spins quickly enough that it's gone past just being oblate and into being elongated. That said, Haumea's "day" is only 4 hours long, so I feel like you'd struggle to find an Earthlike planet that spins even that quickly, let alone faster.
5:38 Please call The slow mo guys!!
the first thing that came in my mind after listening halfway was the dumbell shaped suborbital
Yeah, then hearing them say that atoms are sometimes modeled as fluid droplets, I started wondering if that's related.
3:14 Isn't that globe spinning the wrong way?
also a bit too fast i reckon
Reversing the image to avoid copystrike?
pi
@@Sciencigo You misspelled half-tau.
lol yes
3:18 That Earth is spinning backwards. Literally unwatchable
I know! So annoying! It's stock footage. I couldn't time reverse it because it speeds up.
Nice catch. I always have to think about it for a second to remember which way it's supposed to spin. Sometimes I wish the universe was just static so I could wrap my brain around it.
@@JakeBiddlecome That's what Einstein said
LITERALLY unwatchable? You shouldn't use words you don't understand the meaning of.
@@leorenegade2103 they wrote it down, in a literary form. Therefore it's literally unwatchable
He grabbed his phone and opened UA-cam, for he was stressed and needed to cool down after his last battle against a fire breathing dragon inside of a volcano. He clicked on a video about cool rocks, but the moment... the moment Steve said the name of those darn rocks... the Hero of Time grasped the Master Sword and ran off to Lake Hylia to unleash his anger...
If you froze water fast enough, could you make water glass instead of crystal ice? And if so, would you still call it ice?
Yes and yes! It's just called amorphous ice. In fact, amorphous ice is the kind that forms in outer space, so it is the most common kind in the Universe!
@@razielhamalakh9813 An intermediate step to Ice 9? :-)
@@mikecurtin9831 Actually, Ice 9 is a real thing. It isn't like what's in the book, but the book was inspired by a real phenomenon that hadn't yet reached 9 different configurations. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_IX
@@DampeS8N Oh boy, did you just send me on a Wikipedia jaunt. I had no idea there were that many crystal forms!
Who else sees a dumbbell-earth conspiracy theory coming our way?
Seriously though, could there be planets that are shaped that way out there in the universe? Me wildly imagining a Star Trek episode where they explore the forces that shape planets in a foreign galaxy.
Interesting idea. My guess would be that such a planet wouldn’t be stable in the long term but maybe.
I would say that it's unlikely that a planet-sized quantity of matter would end up this shape. It's the "cooling" (quote marks to show emphasis, as you can't underline or italicize here...) while spinning that freezes the shape. Planetary masses would either not cool (ref: Earth - still molten), or slow down and contract to typical spheroid before cooling (ref: Moon). However, look at smaller masses, like Mars' moon Deimos, or some of the comets that we have seen up close: DEFINITE potato- or lobed shapes, in many cases.
Judith Bomba I’d think its more likely something of lower mass (more asteroid size) would allow something like this as opposed to a planet, as once you get planet-sized I’d assume theres a multitude of issues, not least of which is gravity pulling the body together regardless of physical state. Would be an amazing world building thought experiment though
Hauméa, a smallish dwarf planet, isn’t far off. It is shaped like a rugby ball because its day is very short and it has a weak gravity
The pink one on the thumbnail looks frustratingly edible.
The Forbidden Peanut!
@@revenevan11 He changed it, son of a gun took away The Peanut!
This is the first time I heard someone say "frustrating edible"
@@tthung8668 dude wtf
I mean, it's only candle wax, it wouldn't do you much harm. If I was going to forbid any peanuts I'd probably start with the meteoric glass peanut...
My mind was thinking: JELLYBEAN
So, if I understand it, we've now replicated a physical standing wave with a resonance of 2 that looks surprisingly similar to a p-orbital? Or am I confusing myself?
Wait a minute... If glasses are a freeze frame of a stabilization process, that is, molten sand freezing into a more stable crystalline structure, does glass have more energy than the same mass of material that has been left long enough to settle into a crystalline shape? Does glass have some energy in it that it could release by being heated up and left to settle?
Kyle is my lecturer. Great guy.
I think an example if this is the hexagons of Jupiter
I wonder what non newtonian fluid would do in there...
4:01 after seeing this I can recreate your fingerprint * evil laughter *
@@tthung8668 And now Jack will be the prime suspect when someone else actually does it! HEH
So dumbbell planets are more likely than toroid planets?
Much more likely. Or at least, dumbbell asteroids and comets are very common. Examples include Itowaka, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and Oumuamua.
@@SonOfFurzehatt True, it's based in an article I read about the possibility of toroid planets spinning super fast! As for asteroids though, there seems to be evidence suggesting that asteroids with dumbbell shapes can also be formed by the gentle collision of two separate asteroids.
A 0g experiment I want to see is a ball of molten wax left to cool with no core, a hot steel core, and then a core that generates its own heat (probably battery powered, but bonus points for an unshielded radiothermal mass). It could be a really interesting way to study plate tectonics as a planet experiences thermal stresses.
I don't know if that is your desktop toolbar, but I see the Vivaldi browser... First time I've seen it in the wild, I highly approve.
And why am I using bing rofl 8:53
I wonder if those weird one-eyed jumping quadrupeds from Zelda were named after this structure.
While MU69 2014 now told use planetoid formation is slow and doesn't need spinning. Wouldn't this idea of spinning faster liquid bodies explain some pseudo binary stars?
Does this shape have any relationship to electron orbits? The wax going from sphere to dumbbell is like the difference between S and P orbitals. If you spin the wax even faster do you get D orbitals?
So if we spin the Earth fast enough it'll split in 2 and I don't know where I'm going with this
I love this! Now I understand how tektites are formed. Thank you so much! 🙌🏻
"Video about rock shapes... Maybe i'm not interested now"... "Steve Mould" click... "Maybe i'm not interested...yet!"
Why am I thinking of s and p electron shells all of a sudden...
Easier method to spin a water droplet is to just put a drop of water on a pan heated above 100°C. The cushion of steam makes the water droplet levitate
After it separates into two droplets, are those droplets also spinning?
Out of all the ways he described the shape of the rock, i'm surprised he didn't just say "peanut shaped"
Great vid, and nice to see your are a Pebble owner!
5:00 I've already liked this video, and you make it even cooler! What do I do now???
PS, especially these days, super cool to see someone admit mistakes, and preemptively correct themselves. I know it's obvious and basic to some in the scientific community, but it's very refreshing for the average person to see.
You're using Bing because you don't want people seeing your search history in Google
Steve, you can record video calls with OBS in a better way - there's an open-source online tool called vdo.ninja - it lets you manage video calls and capture a group or individual calls in OBS (using the web browser source). It even has an experimental option to record higher quality video locally on your guest's computer so you can later use that in your video i stead of the poor quality streamed video.
So is this how the dwarf planet Haumea got its shape? Considering that it spins very fast?
When I saw the thumbnail I was like:
“Natural padsss??”
Wait so could a planet be this shape if it's rotating fast enough?
I went to Yucatán when I was 13. I would have loved to know the existence of these tectites back the. To gather some.
hi gudako
Like sound waves in sand, leaving different shapes, at different frequency's, the RPM, or frequency of rotation makes different shapes!
So... Could there be dumbbell-shaped planets out there?
Super
where was the amazing clip of the volcano eruption (52second mark) taken from? thanks
Was wondering the same: found it! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarychev_Peak
Images seem to be taken from the ISS. You can find an animation on this page (looks a bit different though..) : earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/38985/sarychev-peak-eruption-kuril-islands
Taking a better look a Steve's volcano clip: I think that that's the still image from Wikipedia, edited using some kind of 'stretching effect' and made into an animation. (original: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarychev_Peak.jpg )
Aren't they this shape becayse they're secretly peanuts?
normale people use proper 2d animation software like after effects
but legends use html & javascript
this is exactly why i'm subscribing to this channel
whew - spinning the earth in the wrong direction at 03:10 freaked me out ... not to mention the strange relative position of the sun to the globe.
That aside -- love your channel - so accessible and informative. keep it up!
I see a video from Steve Mould and I click
Ah, i see your a man of culture.
So two metaballs in some sort of rotational equilibrium makes a tectite?
I see you use Vivaldi too, nice
Seeing that there are trillions of planets, some would look like that?
Or is the effect only stable with surface tension?
I always wondered how they made Jelly-Beans 🤔
Can't these shapes form when a vocano eruption throws molten rock all over the place?
I think volcanic bombs do have this shape often times.
Ah, so *that's* what the Rock Cruiser Type-C from FTL is named after! Not the Zelda enemy!
ftl.fandom.com/wiki/The_Rock_Cruiser
Steve - You were talking about doing things with SVG... here are some experiments I did... feel free to use them in your work if you like. askjerry.info/SVG/
You can also use javascript to change the text if needed... a quick Google search will take you there...
gotta love the opportunity to cite xkcd 😉
05:30 A denomenon with stable equilibrium arrangement of one and than two and three while rising the significative speed of it? It really looks like we have a bifurcation diagram behind this, which is very comon also in others fluidynamic's instabilities
Kyle talked about a graph that splits and various instability point.
That little animation at 0:54 is so cool. I never realised you could make a photograph look like it's moving so realistically
Cell division
0:53 Crazy use of artificial motion in still images…
It's nice that they can make these wax tektites but surely analysis of high-speed footage has already proven the theory. Physicists don't often need to hold something in their hands to be certain.
7:53 Are you sure! it is not a chicken bone 🦴 🤣 😜 sorry I'm joking, I love your content, thank you
1:05 a real life cobblestone generator
Easily my favorite XKCD panel.
Looks like peanut shape to me
🤔 Was that a shockwave on the volcano pic on 0:58? Mann, this topic and the visuals 🤯👍
But i realized you make your content that way (🤯) 😊
So when a volcano goes boom... It there a shockwave above it?
Are "tear-drop" shaped bits of glassy rock found, where the "dumbell" tore apart before solidifying? Edit: bugger - I asked too early (again!).
Just refreshed the main page and this video popped up first thing, uploaded one minute ago wow. Hi! The king of random has been doing the bead chain fountain effect was almost expecting some kind of crossover with you.
They never contacted me :(
After watching this video now not really knowing about tektites, the explanation is intuitive enough that I understand it already. Interesting video! So how does the rock beneath where the meteor impacts influence this (ie hitting pure granite vs oceanic crust that migrated to the surface or even an area with a lot of topsoil)?
What "flavor" of UK accent does that other guy have?
I know Manchester accent, London accent, Welsh, Scottish, Irish...
But then there are ones I only know actors who have them, such as "Jason Statham" accent, and this guy here who has "Charlie Hunnam" accent.
If you could use HTML5 and Canvas it is a bit faster than SVG. I know it has a little more overhead to move shapes around, but it is doable. Everything is controlled with javascript, and curves are possible.
If you want to know more about fluids modeling black holes, check out Kyle Hill's video on "Sonic Black Holes": ua-cam.com/video/uJeMqniVe8o/v-deo.html
Newton vs DesCartes
Science vs Philosophy
Who will be correct?
Philosophy is the hypothesis part of science. Experiment and data? Who needs it!
Steve Mould has an onscreen correction about "oblate" but none for his other mistake, which was to call "diamagnetic" "dimagnetic", at 4m20s.
These are not tektites
Tektites are space gems in deep green or light blue, formed by burnt meteorite materia material falling through the earth's atmosphere at high speeds and super heated from air molecule friction, the super heated space material then crashes into earth's surface and cool into space crystals w/ tiny bubbles trapped inside. They look burnt, w/ tiny fingerprint wavy patterns and glow deep green or light blue when placed against a 1,200 Lumen Rechargeable L.E.D. Flashlight...
Tektite gets is nickname from tectonics, the ability to move earth's surface
I own a bunch of them, because I found them and researched them
This bloke doesn't know what the fuck he is talking about unfortunately...
He found burnt planters peanuts haha
So, this is why water drops look like this. After all gravity and "some kinda acceleration" are just each other's "kinda doppelganger".
Good stuff, thanks. Why are you using bing? Those wax tektites look like very interesting jelly beans. Cheers, David.
5:30 kinda looks like electron orbits
"Here you go..."
Holds up clearly phallic shaped object
"Tektites!"
Tekticles
diktite
God bless Randall Monroe for giving us so many pithy shorthand explanations/rebuttals to unnecessary pedantry
The observed "peanut "shaped comet/asteroids arent spinning therefore invalidating your premise of spinning spheroid becoming a dumbbell/peanut shape as conservation of energy wld require the asteroid to be rapidly rotating about its long axis on observation...its more likely to become dumbell shaped by plasma arc excavation action...
A disgusting, non-solidifying example of this is when you hoark a gnarly loogie and propel that bad boy out with a chest full of air. They sort of do that dumbbell shape as they somersault away. Yuuuck. 😄
Hi guys I think in NZ here I'll be able to find these tektites I'm going to have a look around Mt. Ngauruhoe for some as it is literally covered in obsidian glass, for the lord of the ring fans I'm talking about MT. Doom ;)
Hey Steve, why don't the tektites form yoyo looking structures?
If I were told all this without having actually seen the tektites, I would have thought that the centrifugallyness of it would be uniform and not concentrated at 2 or 3 locations (assuming the molten stuff starts out pretty spherical like in your video).
F.lux ! You have a Windows 10 built-in blue light filter. I saw that little icon while you were Skyping