How Small Is It - 04 - Elementary Particles (4K)
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- Опубліковано 24 чер 2024
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Music free version - • Classroom Aid - Elemen...
website - howfarawayisit.com
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In this segment of our “How small is it” video book, we introduce elementary particles.
We start with a description of cosmic rays and gamma rays. They collide with atoms in the atmosphere to create a wide variety of particles. We cover how cloud chambers work to ‘see’ these new particles. That includes taking a look at the tracks for electrons and protons. We then take a look at the new particles we found on mountain tops and up in balloons: positrons, electron-positron pair creation, muons; pions; kaons; and particle decay timing and signatures.
We then cover the hard-to-find neutrino, starting with the Ellis - Wooster experiment to measure the energy of radium decay into polonium that led to Wolfgang Pauli’s 1927 prediction about the existence of the neutrino. We then take a look at the 1970 bubble chamber track that first detected it.
Next, we probe the proton using scattering experiments like the ones used by Rutherford to probe the nucleus. This time we use electrons instead of alpha particles. We cover how this was done at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in 1969. We show how particle acceleration is accomplished, and how particle detection is done with hodoscopes and calorimeters. We also examine the test results, explaining the idea of ‘cross section’ measurements as a way to identify scattering target sizes. We end with the results that showed that the proton has 3 parts: now called quarks.
We then cover how quarks form hadrons (baryons and mesons) with their predicted spin, charge and mass. With these predictions, the hunt for these particles went into high gear. We cover the discovery of the lambda, xi, and omega particles that show that the quark theory was correct.
We end with a review of particle sizes we’ve seen so far from the atom to the neutrino. We also show how this large array of new particles begins to fit into a model organized around particle masses (leptons and hadrons) and particle spins (fermions and bosons) along with their different statistical behaviors in a group.
Music
@00:00 Stravinsky - The Firebird - from the album “The Firebird Suite” 2010
@01:13 Beethoven - Symphony No 6 (Shepherds Hymn) - Philadelphia Orchestra; Riccardo Muti; from the album “Essential Adagios” 2010
@05:5 Mozart - Divertimento No 10 - Franz Liszt Chamber Orchestra - from the album “50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces” 2013
@19:18 Rossini - William Tell Overture - London Philharmonia Orchestra and Alfred Scholz; from the album “The London Philharmonic Collection: Light Classics” 2009
@36:18 Haydn - Piano Concerto No 4 - Nicolai Evrov, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces” 2013
This is the best explanation I found on UA-cam, great video series
Thank you David for your kindness to share knowledge freely. Your presentation is unique in its calmness and organization. I am happy that you returned to your passion after retirement and we benefit from it. God bless you Sir!
In school I cared about everything else other than learning, but I can listen and learn from this whenever I have time. It's amazing ❤️
David Butler is superb teacher!
Amazing. David Butler and The Exoplanets Channel are my favorite channels!!
I love how you approach these subjects - following how they were discovered and making these things seem relatively approachable. It was just some folks playing with cloud chambers...
I don’t know if I should be listening while driving given this is the voice that normally gets me to sleep.
Me too. I use these videos to help me to get some sleep 😂
I love that you are still working on this. My kids love listening to you, like a science Bob Ross. Great info, amazingly calm and reassuring presentation.
@Sean Dowling: "A science Bob Ross." I
That's a great comment and i love the fact ur kiddies enjoy this! Well i hope they're not teenagers as they won't like the kiddies shout!!
Bob Ross gave you the impression that anyone can paint but Dr Butler shows you the wonder of the universe. He gives such a wonderful presentation rich with graphics, theories, and history that lead me to dreams every time. While I am a trained scientist, I still can't understand half of the topics he covered but I do appreciate that he has made so many video books that I can keep going back and try to understand them before drifting to sleep again.
"I am a trained scientist"...
😆 🤣
Nice 👍
Thank you Dr. David Butler. It's a shame I came to find about you, only when am an old man already. You're everything we need to become someone' knowledgeable. It's really marvelous to be able hear you. Marvelous.
Breaking out a bottle of plum wine here in Japan before settling to bed, and upvoting this by reflex, even before the first minute has passed. Info-tainment doesn't come any better than Prof. Butler's videos ... and is one of the brightest jewels of UA-cam ... and an elegant reminder that intellectual humility and knowledge are two sides of the same elementary particle ... uh ... 'coin'. 😂
Plum wine is delicious c:
Brilliant video! I am a total novice when it comes to particle physics. I have been watching videos on particle physics for about 1.5 years now and this video has shored up and answered so many questions I’ve had over that period… I am going straight to the Higgs Boson video right now…. Thank you for this!
I need this but with the background music being Bluetech - Elementary Particles repeated again and again in low volume. :D (Great video btw )
And when the world needed him most, he returned.
Marge: there’s a man here who can help you.
Homer: Batman?
Marge: No, he’s a scientist.
Homer: Batman’s a scientist.
You said it
Wtf are you taking about? He’s posted literally 20 videos in the last 6 days.
As the intelligence of human increases , discovered many things from atom to intergalactic galaxies ,it proves the works of hyper intelligent being .
@@marcelinomagalong5881 No it doesn’t!
None of this ever interested me when I was younger. But now I find it extremely fascinating and can’t get enough.
David’s videos makes leaning fun. Please never stop making them.
i could swear i had allready gave a like to this video, but i be gladly liking this twice.
real clear and well explained. top notch mate thanks many times, the whole channel is a real gem. love and greetings bibia
Thank you very much for your calm and very detailed explanations for beginners! This is the best video regarding elementary particles on youtube.
You are taking something impossible to understand to something a five year old would understand❤ Thanks alot
This single video made me like 5% smarter. this is crazy I'm going for all you got now David, absolutely extraordinary conteent.
This is the best means of teaching this subject matter that I've ever seen. WELL DONE.
I learn more from his videos than from the hundreds of others I've seen from everyone else. This dude is great explaining things.
Your videos are my favorite videos on UA-cam. I watch them every night. Thank you for making these incredibly interesting and informative presentations.
Dear David Butler,
Your programs on Physics are wonderfully understandable. I am immersed in your "How small" Programs, and as I stare out the window writing this, my mind is boggled, but at an entirely new Level.
Thank you Sir, for your clarity, hard work, and breathtaking scope.
I'm so excited to see another of your videos! Thanks you so much sir!!
Clear and the best demonstration of particle physics!
What an absolute awe and joy to watch your lectures. Thank you so much .
unbelievable lecture on unbelievable small particle. cant absorpt the entire material or follow quickly enough.. but captivated and awed all the way to the end. a self proclaimed particle enthusiast , now realize in bottomless pit of curiosity.
thanks for the effort and keep up the good work.
from Hker worldwide.
David, I truly appreciate your “video books”. It’s quite enjoyable to easily connect all the dots, so to speak, of how all of these particles/fields/forces are created and what their functions are. Your narrative pacing, graphs and illustrations/animations are immensely helpful in visualizing and understanding the nearly unbelievable complexity and beauty of the subatomic and quantum realms. Thank you, David.
This is superb and I've watched this so many times!! Thank you for ur hard work, we love u Prof!!!
To expand - cherenkov radiation energy is like a bow wake on a boat and as an example bow wave itself can travel faster than the boat hull speed. The difference is that hull speed of light is C 3×10^8 but in water it is 3C/4. The wake continues outward from the particle path at an angle variable with frequency.
You are quintessential in your presentation like the ether ….
Correct wouldn't have been much of a lecture without him much like the ether it's a non starter that said I am a bit of a plank matrix guy though comparatively similar philosophically
It is an another excellent video Mr. Butler. Thank you very much.
Absolutely fantastic - great additions to the original one, it's much clearer now.
Brilliantly done.
I'm amazed that all these particles somehow work together to give us what looks like a stable world.
Yo explain things soooo well! Thank you, sir.
Thank you for taking the time and energy to put all of this together. I love your presentations!
I can understand elementary particals physics better than i understand why Mr Butler only has 171k subs?!
This content is so original and interesting , it deserves more attention and appreciation , i hope you are doing well Mr Butler
That background music in the beginning was dark. I had some Darth Vader flashbacks.
His voice are so calm...
What an amazing video, loved it, learned so much.
Thank you so much! Continuing to update and connect us in a most pleasant and understandable format.
that was great i loved it and i almost learned something. i am going to have to watch this three more times
Mr. Butler these are some kickass documentaries 👍👍👍
Outstanding lecture! Thank you. Great music choices, too!
i love your presentations and the way you explain things.
Oh wow. I just finished and I need more. That was really good.
I have ADD and still was able to focus on your talk. Thank you.
excellent video, thanks for uploading!
I so appreciate you!
Your videos are fantastic. Thank you Mr Butler
I have seen this video almost 10 times now and it still amazes me.
I've fallen asleep to this video almost ten times now
Thanks David Butler for your return.
Excellent your video. Love it
Greetings from Brazil.
Utterly brilliant. Thank you.
Absolutely amazing.
Thank you! I’ve been seeing bubble track images for years but never read a method for interpreting them.
The explanation segment of the Slack experiment was the first and ONLY time in my entire life quarks made sense.
amazing work
Great video. So interesting and so well presented. I love all of your videos. Thank you.
I really appreciate it. well said.
I think David is getting younger…
Wonderful! Thank you!
Dear Sir, thank you very much for sharing this. I have been looking for evidence of these particles, to really learn about them. There are so many science youtubers who talk about science without ever talking about experiments, we get lost. I am very happy to see the photos of events
Seriously David you do GREAT work
Nice documentary. Now I understand how kaons and pions were discovered
Nice work.
Greetings from Sweden 🇸🇪
Can't wait for the next upload
What a mess.... I mean the video is brilliant. But the range of particals is so broad and complicated. Its incredible scientists have been able to discover all these. It really is a messy jungle.
David, do u have the slightest inkling that i and all the "dudes and dudettes" who watch ur brilliant "lessons of amazing, awesome, astronomical ablazement!!!" think that u are the coolest- (even in ur shorts!!)-Prof in the UA-cam world of Profs!?! Ur shows are so well put together and u make every concerted effort- (i think)-to make sure ur lessons are easily understood even by Joe Dunce from The Imbeciles Island Chain! The fact that you've made so many of them is testament to ur knowledge of the subject and u endeavour to make us, who are willing to enjoy the ride, just that little bit more learned in the topic of ur life, Astronomy! I hope i havnt come across as a idiot from England, Liverpool to be exact!!
Sir, thank you so much for the section on cloud chambers, you have filled a massive gap in my understanding.
This is the scientific presentation at its best.Prof.Dr Nasir Fazal Cambridge USA 🇺🇸
Thank you.
What is great in this lectures David shows real data, real pictures not some renders.
You can moon on all you want about the Fine Structure Constant, but what I get a kick out of is all those comparisons saying "If the nucleus were the size of a pingpong ball, the electron cloud would be 2.5 kilometers away."
That being the case, the fact that you can do experiments in a cloud chamber, and the lines and spirals formed are in a perfect size scale for human perception, is one hell of an 'anthropocentric' quirk. We don't need a cloud chamber the size of an Olympic-size swimming pool, and we don't need an electron microscope to examine cloud chamber trails either. The lines, forms and spirals are right in the middle of a size scale that allowed people to begin refining theories without having to wait to build that cloud chamber or that electron microscope.
THAT is a pretty cool thing you'll never find in a theory or a law of nature.
Cloud chambers can work at a size scale that allows humans as we know them to easily handle imaging and interpretation. I believe that is WAY cooler than the Fine Structure Constant being some mystical dimensionless number.
They're just cool because they ARE. I don't need to know WHY it's 1/137.
thank you. for everything
Thanks David 😊
Dave you are a legend
A new video. Yes!!!!
Beautiful. God bless.
~ 18:29
Cherenkov radiation.
[wiki] "Cherenkov radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium."[wiki].
Arg! Another term to learn!! "Phase velocity"!!!
I assume that since nothing moves faster than the speed of light, this term "phase velocity" must have a technical meaning that 'puts a finer point' on the concepts brought up here.
(Thanx to wikis for being more reliable these days, such that you can pare down some things and build up others, as your particular needs require, so that you can get ... well, smarter, I guess, in the areas you choose to follow up with further!)
This is a great video for bringing up photos of cloud chamber effects and teaching some of the concepts behind experimental results.
I LOVE videos that flesh out with appropriate examples, and 'dissect' images and explanations both ways, for better all around understanding...
Thanks Dave. Fun fun fun. Almost as much fun as debugging the Ynet with you back on Jefferson in '86 :)
Stevelk, I remember it well. Those were good times. But I can't tell who you are from the picture and name 'Stevelk'. Please, can you refresh my memory. Thanks.
@@howfarawayisit Hi. I was the tech, mostly fixing boards. We went through the Interface "HSRAM" a few times together - you showed me where things were and how to find things when debugging. I was the guy ended up working for Dave H in engineering. "Kleekus".
@@stevelk1329 Hi Kleekus. This brought back good memories. Thanks.
Great vid
Hello, welcome back!
Thanks!
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Beautifully descriptive and eloquently phrased!
Thank you!!
I’ve watched several physics videos on UA-cam. I’ve learned, and actually understood, more from your video than any other hands down. I think the history you include helps immensely. Understanding the details of the experiments is so valuable. I need to go watch the other videos in your channel. Thank you.
Excellent Vid for review.
Great work.
Thank you so much Herr Professor Sir!!!
Thank you 💥
Thank you 💥💥
Thank you💥💥💥
Physics at this level is spooky.
Bravo!
David, please make a video discussing the cruton.
I think quarks should be labeled "P" and "N" instead of Up & Down, where 2P+1N=Proton, and 2N+1P=Neutron. Easier to remember.
🧠 💪
P = phosphorous and N = Nitrogen. Particle physics would be bloody confusing if we did that ;)
Segment works well
I can hear the ellipses after every one of his thoughts
Talking about linear accelerators got me thinking about the LHC and smashing protons into one another. Which got me to wondering. Instead of a Big Bang that resulted from the existence of an ultra-dense bundle of primordial something spontaneously exploding, could it have come about by the collision of two such bundles similar to the collisions in particle accelerators? There may be many such bundles in the space outside of our universe and every now and then two collide creating another universe. In this way the bundles may be stable and not prone to just explode. It takes a collision to make it all happen. These collisions would probably be very rare considering how small they would be so there may not be many such universes. It would be a "Big Collision" as opposed to a Big Bang as such. Of course, this also brings up other questions such as: what would happen if they didn't strike each other directly but more of a glancing blow? Could the collision that created us it start a chain reaction with some of the resultant surge of released energy setting off other bundles? Or maybe causing other bundles to collide with one another. Can the bundles travel faster than light since there would be no "universe" and it's fields to impede them. Such velocities could mean the energy inherent in each bundle would be multiplied many fold, resulting in the possibility of bundles with less energy/primordial matter in each than would be normally needed to create our universe. Especially if they hit each other head on. If they go faster than light, could they actually also be traveling toward the past? Meaning our collision actually occurred a lot sooner than we think, but retrograde time travel makes it seem as though it happened in the very remote past. I'm not sure how one could tell which is which though, without leaving our universe and getting into inter-universe space.
~ 23:10
BIG SCIENCE to learn about tiny objects!!!
Discovery is so freakin' cool...
:-) :-)
This is very concise and informative, thank you very much!
~ 41:30
How NOT to learn particle physics.
When you're less than skilled at asking others for solid guidance in something like 'the titles of and the order in which to watch some lectures', you tend to catch things a bit piecemeal until such time as you DO learn how to ask, or, you develop enough of a knowledge base to be able to puzzle such things out on your own, only better, as that base grows.
So imagine my surprise when I discovered, only now,
that "Gen I" particles do not decay. Fancy that... Cool.
Time to start taking notes.
Can't help it. Numerous comments on same video because I'm enjoying it quite a bit!!!
My eye were awakened l when in my first year chemistry class, the second class.. I was given Geiger Counter... And I turned it on oh what a revelation! It clicked in detection of energy being given of, unseen, unknown by human kind, until the last one hundred years, I realized the Universe was alive and ever changing.
What I appreciate most about these videos is that I can scroll through the comments and they aren’t painful to read. It is a masochistic habit of mine that I have to read the comments, and I describe it in such way because seeing how completely nonsensically the remarks under most UA-cam videos read makes me want to scream, although it is part of the weirdness that is me so I continue to do so. Thank you David for drawing an intelligent enough audience that my personality idiosyncrasy regarding UA-cam videos relents in causing me suffering temporarily.