I met Demis during his previous career in the video games industry. Genuinely lovely guy, insanely gifted and I'm really happy to see him recognised in such a way.
To extend an answer to Brady’s question around 4:00, it’s actually quite the opposite-the stuff they are made of is important, but actually the shape of it and how it’s folded is the critical factor, especially if you extend “shape” into other regimes (like the “shape” of charge distribution, for example). In biology this is the principe of “form determines function.” This is well demonstrated with antibodies: when a B cell in your immune system detects a foreign object, it needs to make an antibody where its tips are specially crafted to only grab onto that foreign object in order to “recognize” it in the future. But your body has many B cells in it, and also different bodies have their own B cells-it turns out that two different B cells will grab the same object to identify but make different protein sequences for it, each with the ability to “grab” and detect the foreign object.
I instantly thought of Futurama's Professor Farnsworth. "This experiment may just win me the nobel prize!" "In what field?" "I don't care. They all pay the same."
Demis Hassabis is also a strong chess player. Someone(I can't recall his name) posted a short video on twitter from a chess + poker night, where Demis was sitting at the poker table with Magnus Carlsen, Hikaru Nakamura and Peter Svidler. Vishy, MVL and Giri was also seen mingling in the room. This event took place just a day or two after the prize was announced.
Gorgeous tie! And that compliment comes from someone who in 62 years never wore a tie😉 My heart always makes a little jump when I find a new periodic video in my feed! They make my day! They really do!
The way in which the shape affects the function can be thought of much the same way the shape of a machine affects its function (take for instance a drill vs a sander). Proteins really function a bit like molecular robotics and machinery. They are not static. Very much like an automated production line in a factory, can take a bit of molecular matter, move it around, and then do something with it. Add it to something else, remove part of it, reshape it, bring it into position for the next step, etc. Just so do proteins function. DNA is used as a template for building amino acids and proteins. And the functions of proteins can include anything from structural, through metabolic processes, to DNA manipulation and replication. That is why the shapes are so important.
@@crappymeal What powers which process exactly? Protein folding is largely driven by the attraction/repulsion between different parts of the protein (via coulomb interactions, dispersion forces, additional covalent bonds like disulfide bonds, etc.) and the hydrophobic effect (which itself is mostly driven by the entropy of water molecules).
@@crappymeal The power for the process... Hmm. I'm not so clued up that I can go into it authoritatively at that level, but ATP and KREBs cycle are probably involved somewhere right at the start. Also I recently saw a bit about the way the molecular motor of cilia works, and part of it showed how energy released by the bonding process re-used for the next step. So in the end I think every scrap of energy is taken as far as possible. It's a huge, highly refined system. And it's a super complex topic. Way beyond me for the most part.
The structure is important because it *determines* what a protein does and how it behaves chemically. This is obviously true for structural proteins, but also for enzymes and hormones.
This is a really big deal. Protein folding is so complex it would have seemed unthinkable to be able to simulate it only a couple of decades ago. The implications for medicine, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing and so many other fields are limitless. We're a big step closer to being able to design molecules to perform chemical synthesis at will.
I'm a PhD student at UW right now! I am working on a project with some post docs in the Baker lab (although I myself am a chemical engineer. Protein science was never my forte). This was very exciting news around the office of course , and its really incredible what can be done with proteins now. This is the age of the protein!
I wonder if this will help our understanding of prion disease given that it's so deadly and is caused my proteins within the brain folding up into the incorrect shapes.
I feel the Pereodic Videos team needs a nobel for popularizing chemistry and making learning chemistry fun and exciting🥳. Thank you so much for the regualr videos.
We pondered this, 30 years ago. It's just replaying previous wet lab work rather than making predictions based on chaperone proteins, cytoskeleton, physical chemistry.
There are proteins that are difficult to obtain crystals for, or to obtain high-resolution X-ray diffraction for. AlphaFold makes an interesting starting point for these cases and accelerates the research.
The quality of the initial guess can make an enormous difference in the speed of finding a structure for which the calculated density map matches the observed density map from the diffraction experiment.
Some additional context on the Professor's description of the winners: John Jumper is a chemist, not just a computer scientist. He got his PhD in chemistry from the University of Chicago in 2017.
I read somewhere that since there is no Nobel prize in biology, there is an unofficial tradition to dedicate the chemistry prize every other year to biology-ish chemistry, and this was such a year. I haven't fact checked this.
Tbh biology has essentially annexed the nobel prize for medicine and is quickly taking over the nobel prize for chemistry. Even the physics prize this year is based on biology fundementals.
Thanks for this video. I like the professor's analogy of observing chess games to work out the rules. That makes a lot of sense! Keep up the great work, and thank you for your interesting and inspiring content!
Something you didn't mention that is really important... Proteins have an "active shape", a 3D shape, if they lose that shape, they lose their bodily function, and that could cause a disease in the worst case scenario or a reduction of effectiveness of the physiological process they make part of (like alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency) The shape can be lost because physical or chemical factors like heat and pH (though if you reach to the point of getting your proteins change by this you have other things to worry about), but normally in our bodies, shapes can be lost by changes in the protein's sequence due to mutations, interactions with free radicals that react with the moieties of the amino-acids, or on purposefully by our own cells in a process called post-translational modifications. Knowing how a change in a protein's sequence can affect the active shape of that protein, can be helpful to study disease progression or possible targets for new therapies.
Just like how you could allow seti to run a program on your computer around the 90s/2000s, you can also download a program that runs in the background that computers protein folding. Distributed computing is still a thing you can do now
Having been part of different "folding at home" groups, but after some of the British groups are no longer functional I haven't done much "folding at home" in a number of years, along with the price of electricity it's not so cheap to leave my PC running all day every day compared to 10 years ago
@@eliasross4576 my core2 quad pulled around 100W while my current ryzen 5 is set about 90W so not much difference between them but price of electricity is about 8x the price of 10+ years ago. And that makes a massive difference
I did it maybe 15 years ago and built a computer with three graphics cards in 2020 and did more during the worst of the pandemic. Might start it up again in cold weather this winter.
Protein tertiary structure forms due to the free radicals like OH- which may form bonds. An important example is the tire for vehicles. And the germination of a seed, radical and shoot.
Respected Sir I am interested to know about the difference in structure of proteins of human beings and other animals as well as the way it takes to build the block structures
Prof Poliakoff is the epitome of a scientist. the kind who very willingly admits, "...i don't know much about it." and then goes on to explain what the thing he doesn't know much about, does.
I was confused at first because Washington University in St. Louis handles Folding@Home, but the American among the Nobel winners is at University of Washington in the state of Washington.
If machine learning can find a way to fold proteins that enables *me* to have epic hair like Professor Martyn Poliakoff, I'll be as happy as a clam at high tide!
Protein's are crazy. I'm married to a micro-biologist and have been leaning from her for 40 years. Proteins do things like detecting DNA damage and repair. WHAT!! Detecting that the DNA is damaged? Then repairing it! Wow
In 1989 during my biology HS I said that this is the future of protein research and computers will help us model the complex structures of proteins from a chain of aminoacids. Unfortunately at the time it was considered science fiction and impossible
It more chemistry than the physics prize was related to physics. To me this, chemistry prize is chemistry while the physics prize is computer science or physiology at the closest to an actual Nobel prize.
Another 2 nobel prizes for Cambridge university, Dennis Hassabis went to Queens college. But the professor must be happy that another member of King's won a nobel prize even if it was in physics. From another member of King's college. Also did the professor know Geoffrey Hinton while they were at King's, though different years and fields
I've not done my searches yet, so forgive me, but is there any suggestion that (as seems to be the norm for the Nobel Committee) there was probably a lady involved who worked all this out and then one or more of the blokes got the award and credit?
Demis definitely deserves a Nobel prize, but he is not a chemist, so does he really deserve the chemistry prize over everyone else regardless of how important his work has been to the field?
I made a joke like months ago saying stuff like "What? Knots not important? Protein Knot Physics?" And yes, obviously it's biology, and math, and even more so, chemistry, but as we know, a "Good chemist can do anything !"
AlfaFold was/is big breakthrough, but the structures are actually still relatively crude, you cannot rely on important details. And there are cases, when it produces rubish. Thats all fine. What I did not like was the PR when it came out. It was presented as solved problem. Which is not. And it made life more difficult to the experimentalists in applications for grants, which are often judged by not quite experts. "You want to do structure of X? But there is the AlfaFold structure already..." So, it is great tool, but over-hyped.
Agree. Modern AI is the factory of decisions, symbols processing aside of the human mind. Some programmers declare kind of emotions in their AI version. Can new born baby join to this discussion ? This is impossible, because of absence of the SYMBOLS in the baby's mind. This is the general limitation of the contemporary AI. Furthermore, it is not clear, how to change the computers design in order to throughput analog patterns between an amount of chosen analog calculators, accomplished with mechanism for freeze the proper connections. Keep in mind, the speculation includes just some of the suggestions. Thanks a lot.
This is horrific and will only lead to people understanding even less about medicine and science in general. Never forget that during the search for the blue LED, the dude became the world-leading expert on the machine he used because absolutely nobody else actually understood how it worked.
Please let the professor know that research shows his motor and related health issues might benefit substantially from isolated nicotine supplementation.
The topic of teaching is very important to me. I think that at least one year, the Prize should go to some really prolific teacher - one who has taught a lot of chemistry to a very large number of people, and who has made the subject more accessible. Wouldn't you agree?
Just FYI: the joke about AI deciding the prize might be a reference to the conspiracy theory that “Jews win so many Nobel prizes because it’s the Jews deciding who wins”
Ah the Professor is such an innocent. That joke about AI was only one among many but most centred on the fact that the whole large language model thing is basically .. um .. not very real. That is it has no actual intelligence of any kind. (Speaking as an actual Strong AI scientist.) The Chemistry prizes look far more legitimate than the physics ones though - not wondering into that territory.
AI could wipe out humanity with just the right information to the right people. Scary thought to imagine genetic warfare in the not so distant future. Such a discovery is amazing but scary at the same time.
Chess is just one very basic game, the number of moves is based solely on the number of parts in the board, it is by no means a mark of intelligence, you can get children who beat masters of the game but they have no idea how to make their own lunch
Jinbo at Chicago “invented” the idea that made alphafold successful (applying transformer architecture to multiple sequence alignments; and other learning methods applied to MSAs were demonstrated before alphafold by David’s lab). Google just did it bigger. It is a real bummer that the Nobel committee didn’t recognize that. Gives me doubt on other awards now that I've seen what happens in a field I am familiar with. Alphafold is a great contribution to the field regardless, two people from one paper is over the top though. There was an incredible amount of work that went into protein structure prediction for decades. Disappointing way to recognize this work.
Multiple people get the idea and race to be the first to build a working thing or prove the concept or find the engineering process, that's how it is in science. The details and result matter, and yes unfortunately it goes to those with money to chase results faster. Also, the Nobel is infamous for awarding very few individual people instead of teams. Like the people who found the Higgs Boson but it was only Mr Higgs who got the award, because they couldn't decide on which single person would get it out of the hundreds of people on the team.
You only award Nobel to something that works, not hypotheses. Also using MSA to predict structure is such an old idea (like 40+ years), and everyone in CASP uses it, ideas of adding transformers to it alone is hardly very innovative.
I hope these dimwit geniusi have put together a 4 bazillion dollar endowment to pay for all the medical litigation that's going to be coming down the pike for the next coupla decades, huh?
I think there's certainly room (and time) for QC to contribute. It's a completely different approach to solving folding problems than ML/AI. I would agree that the panacea of QC didn't really work out (yet) as there were so many more problems with noise and error correction than anticipated.
If it's only 90% accurate, how do we know which are correct and which are wrong? Who tested this? Wouldn't it be more accurate to say it has made a lot of guesses?
@@paulkepshire5056 neural nets don't have hard rules. a domain expert can create filters on the input and output, adjusting the output or sending it back through the neural net, but the neural net itself can not error correct. The closest the combination of neural net, expert filter and user skepticism can get is *plausible*.
We need a video on how the professor organizes and funds the correct tie for the occasion
We need the professor to be on OnlyFans and every morning show us how his hair begins the day
Professor was talking about this topic somewhere in the first series of PV I think.
@@rbapl lol
Everyone has their own unique gifts. I say our professor found his :)
Wouldn't that be an Objectivity video instead?
I met Demis during his previous career in the video games industry. Genuinely lovely guy, insanely gifted and I'm really happy to see him recognised in such a way.
Millenials are so great a back-patting. It's like, it's like... a science!
@@modaljazz59 We're both Gen X, thanks
@@TheBroz Millenials > Gex X and Gen Z
To extend an answer to Brady’s question around 4:00, it’s actually quite the opposite-the stuff they are made of is important, but actually the shape of it and how it’s folded is the critical factor, especially if you extend “shape” into other regimes (like the “shape” of charge distribution, for example). In biology this is the principe of “form determines function.” This is well demonstrated with antibodies: when a B cell in your immune system detects a foreign object, it needs to make an antibody where its tips are specially crafted to only grab onto that foreign object in order to “recognize” it in the future. But your body has many B cells in it, and also different bodies have their own B cells-it turns out that two different B cells will grab the same object to identify but make different protein sequences for it, each with the ability to “grab” and detect the foreign object.
Exactly. Prions for example are misfolded proteins and can spread easily by causing other proteins to become misfolded thus resulting in disease
whatsinmy AI fixes this. Nobel Chemistry Prize awarded.
I instantly thought of Futurama's Professor Farnsworth.
"This experiment may just win me the nobel prize!"
"In what field?"
"I don't care. They all pay the same."
Demis Hassabis is also a strong chess player. Someone(I can't recall his name) posted a short video on twitter from a chess + poker night, where Demis was sitting at the poker table with Magnus Carlsen, Hikaru Nakamura and Peter Svidler. Vishy, MVL and Giri was also seen mingling in the room. This event took place just a day or two after the prize was announced.
Wow. Chess has been obsolete for years.
@@modaljazz59 lol
did you read the list of names there?
is yours one of them?
what does obsolete mean?
Gorgeous tie! And that compliment comes from someone who in 62 years never wore a tie😉 My heart always makes a little jump when I find a new periodic video in my feed! They make my day! They really do!
The way in which the shape affects the function can be thought of much the same way the shape of a machine affects its function (take for instance a drill vs a sander). Proteins really function a bit like molecular robotics and machinery. They are not static. Very much like an automated production line in a factory, can take a bit of molecular matter, move it around, and then do something with it. Add it to something else, remove part of it, reshape it, bring it into position for the next step, etc. Just so do proteins function. DNA is used as a template for building amino acids and proteins. And the functions of proteins can include anything from structural, through metabolic processes, to DNA manipulation and replication. That is why the shapes are so important.
What powers the process, atomic bonds and attraction?
@@crappymeal What powers which process exactly? Protein folding is largely driven by the attraction/repulsion between different parts of the protein (via coulomb interactions, dispersion forces, additional covalent bonds like disulfide bonds, etc.) and the hydrophobic effect (which itself is mostly driven by the entropy of water molecules).
@@crappymeal The power for the process... Hmm. I'm not so clued up that I can go into it authoritatively at that level, but ATP and KREBs cycle are probably involved somewhere right at the start. Also I recently saw a bit about the way the molecular motor of cilia works, and part of it showed how energy released by the bonding process re-used for the next step. So in the end I think every scrap of energy is taken as far as possible. It's a huge, highly refined system. And it's a super complex topic. Way beyond me for the most part.
@@lunkel8108 I mean between different proteins, how does one travel distance to another location and find it's "workmate" and do "work"
@@Sq7Arno thanks, I started reading a bit into it and was out of my depth
The structure is important because it *determines* what a protein does and how it behaves chemically.
This is obviously true for structural proteins, but also for enzymes and hormones.
form defines function
The professor’s hair is looking *magnificent* today.
Congrats to the winners 🎉
Reminds me of Dr. Emmett Brown
This is a really big deal. Protein folding is so complex it would have seemed unthinkable to be able to simulate it only a couple of decades ago.
The implications for medicine, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing and so many other fields are limitless. We're a big step closer to being able to design molecules to perform chemical synthesis at will.
I've known Demis Hassabis since the debut of Alphago in 2016 and it's great to see his contribution to other areas.
Love waking up to a new video from the professor!
Same!
I agree, it really is the best explanation that I have heard. Wisdom is very notorious. 😎👍🏼👏👏👏
Thank you for explaining the prize in a way I could understand.
WE NEED TO SEE THE TIE COLLECTION
I’ve never been so early to a video. How exciting that it’s protein folding!
I'm a PhD student at UW right now! I am working on a project with some post docs in the Baker lab (although I myself am a chemical engineer. Protein science was never my forte). This was very exciting news around the office of course , and its really incredible what can be done with proteins now. This is the age of the protein!
Protein folding is important in understanding prion diseases.
I wonder if this will help our understanding of prion disease given that it's so deadly and is caused my proteins within the brain folding up into the incorrect shapes.
Happy to see a Professor's video again! Enjoyalable video hearing professor explanation.
I feel the Pereodic Videos team needs a nobel for popularizing chemistry and making learning chemistry fun and exciting🥳. Thank you so much for the regualr videos.
We pondered this, 30 years ago. It's just replaying previous wet lab work rather than making predictions based on chaperone proteins, cytoskeleton, physical chemistry.
There are proteins that are difficult to obtain crystals for, or to obtain high-resolution X-ray diffraction for. AlphaFold makes an interesting starting point for these cases and accelerates the research.
But can it decelerate upon arrival?
The quality of the initial guess can make an enormous difference in the speed of finding a structure for which the calculated density map matches the observed density map from the diffraction experiment.
Yay CASP! So good to see it mentioned here.
Will the physics video be done on the computerphile channel?
in sixty symbols
We’re actually going to post it on both Sixty Symbols and Computerphile.
Some additional context on the Professor's description of the winners: John Jumper is a chemist, not just a computer scientist. He got his PhD in chemistry from the University of Chicago in 2017.
I read somewhere that since there is no Nobel prize in biology, there is an unofficial tradition to dedicate the chemistry prize every other year to biology-ish chemistry, and this was such a year. I haven't fact checked this.
As a biochemist I think work in molecular biology is more chemistry than biology.
Tbh biology has essentially annexed the nobel prize for medicine and is quickly taking over the nobel prize for chemistry. Even the physics prize this year is based on biology fundementals.
Thanks for this video. I like the professor's analogy of observing chess games to work out the rules. That makes a lot of sense! Keep up the great work, and thank you for your interesting and inspiring content!
This is the kind of thing AI should be used for. Solving problems that humans struggle with.
Something you didn't mention that is really important... Proteins have an "active shape", a 3D shape, if they lose that shape, they lose their bodily function, and that could cause a disease in the worst case scenario or a reduction of effectiveness of the physiological process they make part of (like alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency)
The shape can be lost because physical or chemical factors like heat and pH (though if you reach to the point of getting your proteins change by this you have other things to worry about), but normally in our bodies, shapes can be lost by changes in the protein's sequence due to mutations, interactions with free radicals that react with the moieties of the amino-acids, or on purposefully by our own cells in a process called post-translational modifications.
Knowing how a change in a protein's sequence can affect the active shape of that protein, can be helpful to study disease progression or possible targets for new therapies.
Just like how you could allow seti to run a program on your computer around the 90s/2000s, you can also download a program that runs in the background that computers protein folding. Distributed computing is still a thing you can do now
I was waiting for this video!
Having been part of different "folding at home" groups, but after some of the British groups are no longer functional I haven't done much "folding at home" in a number of years, along with the price of electricity it's not so cheap to leave my PC running all day every day compared to 10 years ago
I’d say CPU instructions per watt has gone down the last 10 years. Even if the price of electricity has doubled, CPUs are much more efficient.
@@eliasross4576 my core2 quad pulled around 100W while my current ryzen 5 is set about 90W so not much difference between them but price of electricity is about 8x the price of 10+ years ago. And that makes a massive difference
I just noticed after watching tons of videos is the prof is left handed
Twenty years ago I did some Folding at Home, do I get some of that money?
I did it maybe 15 years ago and built a computer with three graphics cards in 2020 and did more during the worst of the pandemic. Might start it up again in cold weather this winter.
Thanks for the video.
Surely the form that a molecule takes due to its structure and environment is chemistry?
Then you could say all of space-time is chemistry.
yeah. the basis of this is intra and inter molecular interactions, which is essentially a part of chemistry.
Protein tertiary structure forms due to the free radicals like OH- which may form bonds. An important example is the tire for vehicles. And the germination of a seed, radical and shoot.
It's fascinating how *mechanical* functional proteins are. Like they run on some weird quanta of mechanical principles
is there a way to determine how it does it rather than just a prediction.
Respected Sir
I am interested to know about the difference in structure of proteins of human beings and other animals as well as the way it takes to build the block structures
Computer scientists are taking over the Nobels this year.
Prof Poliakoff is the epitome of a scientist.
the kind who very willingly admits,
"...i don't know much about it."
and then goes on to explain what the thing he doesn't know much about,
does.
I was confused at first because Washington University in St. Louis handles Folding@Home, but the American among the Nobel winners is at University of Washington in the state of Washington.
If machine learning can find a way to fold proteins that enables *me* to have epic hair like Professor Martyn Poliakoff, I'll be as happy as a clam at high tide!
Just got those sweet sweet stacked disulphide genes.
Great now they'll be piling up at the traffic lights waiting for rows of $150,000 Cybertrucks to pass. Great!
When my curly hair finally goes all white, I will have to decide whether I will grow it out to match his hair.
@@tscoffey1my dad’s curly hair would do this if he doesn’t keep up with hair cuts. Lol
@@modaljazz59 what?
Both the physics and chemistry prizes went to Computer Science people this year. It really tells the story of the current state of sciences.
The names of those two. I've been in stitches for at least 10 minutes.😂
Protein's are crazy. I'm married to a micro-biologist and have been leaning from her for 40 years. Proteins do things like detecting DNA damage and repair. WHAT!! Detecting that the DNA is damaged? Then repairing it! Wow
Thank you for the wonderful video. I hope you find the occasion to wear your DNA tie for a video again!
So, wait. Does this mean all that time I was donating my CPU to Folding@Home in the aughts was wasted?
In 1989 during my biology HS I said that this is the future of protein research and computers will help us model the complex structures of proteins from a chain of aminoacids. Unfortunately at the time it was considered science fiction and impossible
That mop lol. I love it
It more chemistry than the physics prize was related to physics. To me this, chemistry prize is chemistry while the physics prize is computer science or physiology at the closest to an actual Nobel prize.
Another 2 nobel prizes for Cambridge university, Dennis Hassabis went to Queens college. But the professor must be happy that another member of King's won a nobel prize even if it was in physics. From another member of King's college. Also did the professor know Geoffrey Hinton while they were at King's, though different years and fields
I've not done my searches yet, so forgive me, but is there any suggestion that (as seems to be the norm for the Nobel Committee) there was probably a lady involved who worked all this out and then one or more of the blokes got the award and credit?
i like the way you say ameno acids just like aluminium and will start annoying my friends saying like that
Is this related to Playstation 3 app "Folding @ home"?
Yes
Has anyone told him that he looks like the personification of the nobel prize yet?! I can't be the first.
Demis definitely deserves a Nobel prize, but he is not a chemist, so does he really deserve the chemistry prize over everyone else regardless of how important his work has been to the field?
I made a joke like months ago saying stuff like
"What? Knots not important? Protein Knot Physics?"
And yes, obviously it's biology, and math, and even more so, chemistry, but as we know, a "Good chemist can do anything !"
This just reminds me how worrisome prions disease is.
AlfaFold was/is big breakthrough, but the structures are actually still relatively crude, you cannot rely on important details. And there are cases, when it produces rubish. Thats all fine. What I did not like was the PR when it came out. It was presented as solved problem. Which is not. And it made life more difficult to the experimentalists in applications for grants, which are often judged by not quite experts. "You want to do structure of X? But there is the AlfaFold structure already..." So, it is great tool, but over-hyped.
Lovely!
Do you think there will ever be a dedicated Computer Science Nobel Prize?
Surely the professor is aware of an amine, the root of the words are the same for ammino
Rosetta at home -david baker❤
Agree. Modern AI is the factory of decisions, symbols processing aside of the human mind. Some programmers declare kind of emotions in their AI version.
Can new born baby join to this discussion ? This is impossible, because of absence of the SYMBOLS in the baby's mind. This is the general limitation of the contemporary AI. Furthermore, it is not clear, how to change the computers design in order to throughput analog patterns between an amount of chosen analog calculators, accomplished with mechanism for freeze the proper connections. Keep in mind, the speculation includes just some of the suggestions. Thanks a lot.
Physics is a product of Relativistic Quantum Physics.
Chemistry is a product of Physics.
Using AI for these problems feels like a proof by exhaustion in mathematics.
We are nanotechnology!
Every cell is a self-replicating chemical factory. I just can't believe it all happened by chance.
Don't worry Professor, I'm sure yours and Neil's Nobel Prizes got held up in the post 😂😂😂
Nobel prize for physics isnt physics either…. Go figure.
This is horrific and will only lead to people understanding even less about medicine and science in general. Never forget that during the search for the blue LED, the dude became the world-leading expert on the machine he used because absolutely nobody else actually understood how it worked.
great minds
Ever heard of Plato, Aristotle, Socrates?
Predictive software will never fully replace in-vitro experimentation, nor should it.
But it can get you in the ball park. You can use your resources better
Hence, the term “prediction”
That’s like saying the weather forecast can’t fully replace the weather.
Wanna cover your 21?
At first I wondered what notoriously non biological aluminium had to do with protein folding.
Google has now won a Nobel prize.
Hmm. 🤔
Go Dawgs
I would like a video about the door behind the professor that is labeled “typefaces”.
Wait until an AI computer program gets a Nobel Prize.
Mark my words it will happen.
I am now telling the computer EXACTLY what it can do with a lifetime supply of chocolate!
Please let the professor know that research shows his motor and related health issues might benefit substantially from isolated nicotine supplementation.
Maybe the next element will be named A.I.
The topic of teaching is very important to me. I think that at least one year, the Prize should go to some really prolific teacher - one who has taught a lot of chemistry to a very large number of people, and who has made the subject more accessible. Wouldn't you agree?
A-MY-no acids? 😱
Yeah, I have never heard anybody in the world pronounce it that way. 😱
How do you pronounce the word "mine"?
Just FYI: the joke about AI deciding the prize might be a reference to the conspiracy theory that “Jews win so many Nobel prizes because it’s the Jews deciding who wins”
This could lead to treatments and cures for prion diseases and Alzheimer’s.
Oh Lord, I pray upon my knees, that my organic syntheses, may no longer be inferior, to those conducted by bacteria. (J.Org.Chem., mid 60s).
wow
Dude needs to stop playing with static electricity
We need the protein folding of the Professors hair. Now that's worth a Nobel!
Ah the Professor is such an innocent. That joke about AI was only one among many but most centred on the fact that the whole large language model thing is basically .. um .. not very real. That is it has no actual intelligence of any kind. (Speaking as an actual Strong AI scientist.)
The Chemistry prizes look far more legitimate than the physics ones though - not wondering into that territory.
Folding @ Home supplanted by A.I.!
AI could wipe out humanity with just the right information to the right people.
Scary thought to imagine genetic warfare in the not so distant future.
Such a discovery is amazing but scary at the same time.
But I don’t think that’s true. Fantastic!!!!
Chess is just one very basic game, the number of moves is based solely on the number of parts in the board, it is by no means a mark of intelligence, you can get children who beat masters of the game but they have no idea how to make their own lunch
A step toward artificial life
Frankenwhat?
Jinbo at Chicago “invented” the idea that made alphafold successful (applying transformer architecture to multiple sequence alignments; and other learning methods applied to MSAs were demonstrated before alphafold by David’s lab). Google just did it bigger. It is a real bummer that the Nobel committee didn’t recognize that. Gives me doubt on other awards now that I've seen what happens in a field I am familiar with. Alphafold is a great contribution to the field regardless, two people from one paper is over the top though. There was an incredible amount of work that went into protein structure prediction for decades. Disappointing way to recognize this work.
Multiple people get the idea and race to be the first to build a working thing or prove the concept or find the engineering process, that's how it is in science. The details and result matter, and yes unfortunately it goes to those with money to chase results faster. Also, the Nobel is infamous for awarding very few individual people instead of teams. Like the people who found the Higgs Boson but it was only Mr Higgs who got the award, because they couldn't decide on which single person would get it out of the hundreds of people on the team.
You only award Nobel to something that works, not hypotheses. Also using MSA to predict structure is such an old idea (like 40+ years), and everyone in CASP uses it, ideas of adding transformers to it alone is hardly very innovative.
I hope these dimwit geniusi have put together a 4 bazillion dollar endowment to pay for all the medical litigation that's going to be coming down the pike for the next coupla decades, huh?
@@fyang1429 I still think two authors from the same paper being awarded is too much.
3 body…..problem lol
Back when the first Quantum Computers were built, ppl predicted that they would solve protein folding. But it seems that ML/AI was faster.
I think there's certainly room (and time) for QC to contribute. It's a completely different approach to solving folding problems than ML/AI. I would agree that the panacea of QC didn't really work out (yet) as there were so many more problems with noise and error correction than anticipated.
If it's only 90% accurate, how do we know which are correct and which are wrong? Who tested this?
Wouldn't it be more accurate to say it has made a lot of guesses?
That's fair, but don't forget the software has had plenty of time to reduce inaccuracies and errors since its fledgling run.
@@paulkepshire5056 neural nets don't have hard rules. a domain expert can create filters on the input and output, adjusting the output or sending it back through the neural net, but the neural net itself can not error correct.
The closest the combination of neural net, expert filter and user skepticism can get is *plausible*.
@@qwertyman1511 I see. Thank you for the insight.
Hahahahhaha Millennials are about to get their clunks cleaned by Gen-Z
@@modaljazz59 what does this even mean?
This granny don't know about artificial intelligence.