2021: Spinosaurus was not aquatic 2022: No, Spinosaurus actually was aquatic 2023: No again, Spinosaurus was capable of intercontinental flight via rocket powered super farts
Not that nutty. They found the tail recently and it would make more sense if things change due to that info. I don’t think they will be returning to being their land dwellers unless there is new information. Silly joke
I am really happy we actually ended up with a giant stork dinosaur. I think if we look at the paleo enviroment, baryonyx inhabited a land of large sprawling but seasonally dry water courses. It makes complete sense to me that whilst it was pursuing prey underwater it could and did move between water holes. Spiney lived in two massive estuaries so it probably never had that issue and suchomimus was carving out a 'giant stork' niche alongside sarcosuchus imperator, whom was the aquatic super predator of its faster flowing riverine home(i really dislike the heron analogy as herons hunt very differently to storks, utilising stealth and a precise strike with their fishing spear tongue and storks hunt much more like how it has been proposed for spinosaurids, probing with the beak half submerged and driving fish forwards into the beak with the feet)
Fun fact: spinosaurus’s spine was actually used to trick lost sailors into thinking they are far away ships, luring them towards them so they can eat them.
This definitely makes much more sense now that Spinosaurus is more of an underwater walker than an agile swimmer. Even though this new study shows more insight on the probability of Spinosaurus having a more aquatic lifestyle, I still need to give credit to the 2021 study that pretty much explains that Spinosaurus may have been very inefficient at swimming lol. THAT'S why a freely swimming, underwater pursuit predator Spinosaurus made very little sense to me, but a bottom-walking ambush predator Spinosaurus makes much more sense. I don't really think the lifestyle of wading is completely out of question because one still does what works and that doesn't really exclude wading OR subaqueous foraging. Perhaps Spinosaurus and Baryonyx could perform both, with either species adapted more or less to one or the other.
@@kartamarasevered3685 I've seen enough in videos to never want to see one in real life! the fact they run underwater fast enough to catch boats with outboard motors...
I love how people are like "hmmmm how come dinosaurs never went deepwater unlike mammals and reptiles" when unlike mammals or triassic reptiles the Jurassic and Cretaceous seas were already filled with huge marine reptiles occupying that niche plus the Cretaceous seas especially were probabaly the most chaotic and dangerous seas our planet has ever seen.
Only really because pinnipeds and cetaceans don't try and kill us, mostly because they can judge we would not taste well, and being Eutherian, they like the novelty of us being there. If they did our waters would be deadly.
Although that being said, hippos exist now, and their waters are probably the most deadly. Crocodiles can be dangerous without our weapons at hand too.
To me this back and forth evidence harkens back to the debate of whether T. rex could run fast or not. Now it can, now it can't, now it can, now it can't again, and each paleontologist you ask might give you a different answer.
@@EDGEscience Any plans to do a follow-up video about the response paper, "Spinosaurids as 'subaqueous foragers' undermined by selective sampling and problematic statistical inference"? Just wondering
Yeah, but it settles to they were faster than humans (not really much of a contest) but still pretty slow, and basically anything on land today could escape it, including elephants.
This brings the coastal wolves up. I think we're not giving them the proper amount of recognition, since they're quite literally evolving under our noses.
Love any spinosaurid news, especially the big man himself. Loved spinosaurs before they got popular, but LOVING all the new finds and research. Keep up on the news, Edge - love the channel and love the content!
I initially only liked him as a kid because he was simply bigger than T. rex, but the revelation that it’s a completely different animal (niche wise) whilst still being bigger makes it somewhat more endearing.
@@tompotter8703 I fell in love with the wading lifestyle and long snoot for a such a big theropod. The more evidence came out that spino was aquatic the more I loved it. The tail papers were the most excited I'd been for theropod news in a long time. And now my other favorite spino-cousins are getting some focus? It ain't my birthday yet lol
@@tompotter8703 The Spinosaurus is longer than the T. Rex, but is at least 2-3 tons lighter. Scotty the T. Rex is now considered to be the largest theropod currently known to science. Don't take my word for it, however. There are plenty of online articles proving this, should you care to seek them out.
I love your use for the visuals and mods from Jurassic World Evolution 2. Excellent video for this research on bone density of many extinct and living animals.
That quote from Navallon sort of alludes to this, but if I remember right the Holtz and Hone study was specifically looking at evidence for aquatic pursuit predation in Spinosaurus, and the new study considers subaqueous feeding more generally. I definitely see room for both studies to be mostly right, with Spinosaurus hunting mostly underwater, but without being an especially fast swimmer or using pursuit strategies.
I agree, they weren't likely pursuit hunters and I think they were most likely bottom walkers, however another thought I had was maybe they had webbed feet and hands and only used their tail for steering. They might've mostly fed on crustaceans and other slow moving or stationary prey.
Spiny could actually fly, the big sail was for steering. The GI and most of the 'pulmonary' sacks were filled with hydrogen. I figured that the fastest way to palaeontologic peace was to give everybody a single idea they could disagree with.
We only need to look at the Spino’s skull. Its skull is taperered, narrow, and aerodynamic. Ideal for catch small, lightweight prey like fish. The sail-like spine likely helped balance him while his most likely webbed feet need led him to navigate the surface of water with his head below the surface. Or maybe he was a great swimmer. Either way, his jaw was not wide enough to apply any significant amount of bite force compared to something like T-Rex whose jaw was wide and attached to a thick wide neck. Being partially aquatic would mean spino wasn’t a great runner and likely didn’t like to catch large land prey. Instead he would have waited near water for small prey to come to him, or he would go swimming.
Interestingly enough study’s show they had very very similar prey to other large theropods and not similar to full aquatic fish eater. I suggest watching the David hone lecture on them. It’s extremely interesting and informative.
I was always under the impression that Spinosaurus was partial to walking along shallow rivers, both foraging for food as well as avoiding other large theropods in order to avoid any unnecessary fights. Granted we have little in terms of an actual skeleton, however from what we have found, it lends more credence to a semi aquatic lifestyle like that of Crocodilians, while still having the ability to function well on land like other large theropods.
@@FumanyuX Well it’s pretty fucking obvious that Spinosaurus wasn’t fully aquatic or fully terrestrial! A semiaquatic lifestyle is the only thing that makes sense here, especially when looking at the jaws and teeth of Spinosaurus, being very crocodilian in nature. My impression is probably more accurate than several of the concepts that have been drawn up using the known facts of Spinosaurus.
Good informative video. 👍 Perhaps Spinosaurus were drift hunters, using their sail something like the Portuguese Man o' War. If they had camouflaged skin, they'd look like a big log or debris just drifting in the water. Fish love hiding under such objects away from the shore, and seemingly "safe" from predators. The sail could also provide additional "shade," something that fish like to hide in to ambush prey. This makes fish easier to see to catch by "surface" predators, as the "Black Heron" demonstrates and takes advantage of.
@@alwaysright6358 yeah. I think spino spend as much time on land as it did in the water, and he had 2 fish hunting methods - like a stork, and bottom walking on a VERY shallow water, like a hippo.
@@nouhorni3229 It is an inconsistency that exclusively basing everything off of a single fossil Alas that is not even the only one there are several of them as pointed out in the new papper
Wouldn't it be possible, that Baryonyx was on the way to evolve back into a wading/land-based lifestyle, hence it looking like a mix of both worlds. Evolution isn't just a one-way street after all. The ancestral form of Spino and Bary could/would have been the swimmer/diver, and the paths and physiology diverged.
Every year there’s something brand new about spinosaurus. This is why it’s my favourite dinosaur. It’s the perfect example of how we’ll never truly understand these creatures no matter how hard we try. There will always be changes. Not to mention it’s just such a unique dinosaur and there’s so many little interesting things about it
My money rn is on Spinosaurs, or at least Spinosaurus, being essentially oversized snapping turtles. Just chilling around the bottom of rivers, luring fish in with a concerningly long all yesterdaysian tongue or whatever, breathing once in a blue moon and swimming away if trouble is afoot or they wanna be somewhere else. Idk, it fits both the "kinda bad at diving" and "dives a lot" thing scientists seem to mainly use to bicker with each other.
Spinosaurus would absolutely be my choice if I could time travel for one day to study the lifestyle of any dinosaur. What an amazing animal this was. I literally get depressed when I think about the life that existed that I will never be able to see in real life.
Maybe someday we will. For now though, we’re still trying to do stuff like make learning chatbots that Twitter won’t teach to be racist and sexist in less than a day lol
Right! Most aquatic birds can fly anyways. And I’ve found that goose is pretty less aquatic and prefer grazing grass...won’t be surprised if goose raptor is just semi aquatic or 75% terrestrial.
*Higher bone density = Heavier mass and robust built.* Bones with high density usually have large amounts of muscle attachments and bulk. Nizar Ibrahim and colleagues did say in a statement that Spinosaurus Aegyptiacus weighed anywhere from *10 to 12 metric tonnes* for a 15.2 meter long one. Making it almost 4 tonnes heavier than the largest Tyrannosaurus at 8.4 metric tonnes. Rumor has it that larger specimens like the NMC 41852 were pushing past 16 meters and 13 metric tonnes.
@@Deform-2024 Which paper is this and by whom? I tried looking and nothing is circulating the news section on Google about the 10 metric tonnes Tyrannosaurus. Scotty, as far as publication goes, is 8870kg and that's already debated by other paleontologists like John R Hutchinson whom said the size/mass difference between Sue and Scotty were very little. To quote Pete Makovicky "Scotty's femur has a smaller measured circumference than Sue (1.7 percent), but is slightly longer (1 percent), the tibiae are an exact tie, and Sue's fibula is longer (3 percent). Scotty’s hipbone is reported as just under 1% longer than Sue’s. The differences are tiny, comparable to what you would find in comparing the right- and left-side bones within one animal, and therefore, speaking as a scientist the two specimens are statistically indistinguishable in size and thus tied for largest T. rex.” It's also important to remember Scotty is 65% complete while Sue is 90% complete. NMC is 13 meters from which source? Nizar said there are a few specimens bigger or similar size to MSNM V4047 (which he said was 15 to 16 meters)
@@Jurassic_Gojira Eric Snively, 2019 on Tyrannosaurus Sue and molina-Perez and Larramendi 2019 for nmc. There was a dentary, NHMUK VP r 16421, that was similar in size to MSNM-V4047 with both being 15 meters long.
@@Deform-2024 Wasn't Scott Person's mass for both Sue and Scotty published in 2019 too? It was similar sizes to Hartman's and Larramendi's mass. Snively's paper was able to increase the mass of Sue by mostly adding flesh to the tail (9,700 kilograms) Whether the study is still reliable, Im not sure. The fleshing of the tail looks to a bit too much for the animal realistically. I read they made much more appropriate estimates now with 9100 kilograms being the max estimates. Yes, that's the only publication for NMC 41852 (13 to 14.4 meters long) however others have suggested larger estimations although not published. Nizar Ibrahim's comments "Spinosaurus is a very large theropod, and very likely the longest theropod in the Kem Kem by a considerable margin further adds to the likelihood of this identification." Suggest it was a bit more larger.
It is highly likely that couples of Spinosauri would lay on their sides and interlock their limbs, forming a singular unit, and could achieve shared airborne flight by oscillating their dorsal fins in unison, leading to the ability to fly at altitude over bodies of water and seek out prey items from the air as a team. All of the science supports this this hypothesis.
Bottom walking, swimming and ambushing large fish. As an esturine crocodile enthusiast i take issue with the proposal that spineosaurus may have hunted unlike anything alive today, as all those strategies are employed by the largest extant archosaur species today.
2023 - spinosaurus can fly 2024 - spinosaurus was a burrowing animal 2025 - spinosaurus was arboreal 2026 - spinosaurus had thick fur and lives in the arctic 2027 - spinosaurus was a filter feeder 2028 - spinosaurus came from space
Oh great another thing to put in your endless prison All you mindless parisites do is take pride in your terrible actions Do you ever think what could happen in the coming years What if I adapt to reality warping time travel ?
Honestly, it probably will go back and forth. Isotope data of teeth show that it did hunt on land as well, and some anatomical aspects like the placement of the nostrils pointed out by Dr. Hone are still unanswered issues. That said, while unlikely, there could possibly be an undescribed late surviving Baryonychine comparable to Suchomimus that may be skewing the data on teeth isotopes.
Maybe Spinosaurus way of life was something more akin to a polar bear of the tropics. A polar bear is a good swimmer, but not like a seal, it will eat anything that it can get, be it a fish, a penguin, a seal or even a reindeer. Also the nostrils of a Spinosaurus is very much positioned like the nostrils of a penguin, so it doesn't need to feed like a heron.
Another possibility for the lack of many aquatic Dinosaurs may be the non Dinosaur sea monsters that filled those niches and maybe even fed on Dinosaurs from time to time.
Always thought its proportions oddly long, like Michael Phelps animorphing into a dimetrodon with a gharial's head and a gannet's torso. The spine must have been for either regulating bodyheat in deeper water then, or holding breath as well. Or they might have been able to propel themselves with it as an extension of the tail for explosive speed, perhaps also to pin their feet to the bottom while attacking, for leverage.
The 2022 study "Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur" actually says the sail is a hindrance for swimming, not an asset. According to the max speed estimates, a Spino would not be able to catch up to Phelps.
@@MustardSkaven I doubt they bothered diving much, except as juveniles escaping predation; they probably had no sail when little. Also, no human swimmer is outpacing a 40' reptile with a huge oar for a tail, I don't care how long his torso is.
@@davidbeddoe6670 Max speed of Spino is estimated at 1.2m/second. That's quite a bit slower than an Olympic swimmer. You need to look up the latest research.
Imagining a swimming Spino coming at me while I swim in the pool. Just imagining it’s snout and ridges and eyes popping up out of the water and looking at me. And I get shivers thinking about it. Lol This is some amazing put together calming video content. And happy to just be living in a time this is being made right now. :3
@@thedoruk6324 It's easy, since its tail and webbed feet were discovered, Spinosaurus is considered a predator that spent almost its entire life in the water, clumsy on land, that didn't hunt Sauroposeidons or other aberrations they said. That there are people who do not accept it is another problem
@@ismaelgonzalezmartinez5975 That is quite the opposite of what is actually going on First; the so called webbed feeth doesn't belong or directly interpreted to inherited by Aegyptiacus. Last time I have checked it is merely a presumtion a theory as nothing solid or presented about the webbed feet About the tail; there are many palaeontologist that openly disagree about its usage Mark Witton Dr Hone Dr Holtz Mr Henderson as well as some others like John Hutchinson the tails actual functionality might be varied spectacularly and even presented at extremely unable and weak agains water currents There is also actual water isotope analysis presented on an actual study showed morocco and tunisia specimens and presumably algeria and libya specimens had actually terrestrial results
@@ismaelgonzalezmartinez5975 uh other paleontologists like mark witton john hutchinson dr hone dr holtz mark witton mr henderson are throughly disagree with your overtly personal interpetations. specifically the tails usage and the webbed feeth being a mere theory. In fact original isotope studies showed morocco and tunuisia specimens being terrestrial lol
@@kartamarasevered3685 First for your information Spinosaurus has osteoclerotic bones like the hippopotamus, an animal that lives almost all its life in water. And second there is a global consensus as much as you like it, I'm not saying. There is and for your information Mark Witton said that the small legs of Spinosaurus were the product of fossilization, something that is known to be false. Before speaking, contrast information. Spinosaurus is an animal that lived all its life, whoever likes it likes it.
I'll have to find the link for it again but there's this great documentary done by a famous paleontologist where he disputes some of the claims that spinosaurus was a mostly aquatic dino based on some inconsistencies in previous analysis', a closer look at the body structure/comparison to modern animals, and a bit of a closer look at the diet of several spino specimens where some showed some to a decent amount of predation on fish and other specimens showed very little to no predation on fish but rather more on smaller dinos
*Me from the future, laughing that no one in this time period has realized the spinosaurus was an airal predator, whose neural spines were for supporting its giant gas sacks it used to float around.*
I became a fan of Spinosaurus because of Planet Dinosaur (2011) so I'm biased to a Spinosaurus favoring land. But since these discoveries I kinda view it like a bear: it can swim and hunt in an aquatic lifestyle, and will favor that lifestyle to avoid the crowded niche on land, but it was more than capable to be a troublemaker for all on land. On the matter on being bipedal or quadruped, I think it was quadruped for rest, but it could become a biped when he needed to use a ton of energy, such as in a fight.
There's actually fossil evidence of spinosaurus bite attacks on land predators. So they definitely walked on land. I do believe they were more fish hunters though based on snout shape.
They could have just snatched larger prey from land kinda how like crocodiles wait for animals to cross rivers or go to a watering hole. Although less often than crocs, since most evidence supports Spinosaurs hunting fish and other small-mid size aquatic animals.
@@eybaza6018 true. There was a bite mark on the back of a large land predator (forgot the name) which seems to suggest attack happened on land. It's possible it happened from water but highly unlikely due to size of the predator (equivalent of the trex at that time period).
Since most, if not all the sail-backed animals seem to be aquatic/semiaquatic, maybe we should think creatively about what they were used for in the water. It would be weird if they literally used them as sails. Maybe it only makes sense for the gigantic shallow seas we don't have in our time.
@@temmy9 They could not really make them any more sail-like because of biomechanical reasons like bloodflow. Especially if they were not as warm-blooded as modern large carnivores.
The sail or paddle tail do not appear particularly adapted for swimming, and more likely for signaling or display. Not that a Spinosaurus would even need to swim that efficiently considering it's prey are things like Ceratodus (lungfish), gar, bichir, Mawsonia/Axelrodichthys. Isotopes of teeth also show that it was hunting on land, though you could argue they might belong to a different contemporary spinosaurid.
@@paleozoic Sailing is not swimming. Sailing is also done for longer distances. Also, land animals go into the water a lot. That's why wildebeest are hunted by crocodiles. The spinosauruses could be taking advantage of a migration route.
In regards to Cau's commentary: The Anhinga, much like cormorants let their feathers get wet to counterbalence their boiency. Maybe Haltzeraptor was aquatic and it had a similar adaptation. Though, to be fair it's legs seem to long for a swiming or diving animal.
The big thing is the Anhinga is a flyer and a diver, two things that are tricky to balance. You need to be able to sink if you dive, but if you fly you need to be light. Haltzeraptor may have dived, but it didn't fly.
@@brettwood1351 My point exactly. The anhinga found an alternetive way of counter balance it's boiency without geting heavier bones. This allows it to both fly and dive efiently. A better comparison for haltzraptor are birds that dive and lost the ability to fly, like the galapagos cormorant and the great auk.
It's difficult to decide these things mostly Because most of the research on these dinosaurs is normally done on one specific category like this one that uses bone density where as there are other studies done with things like isotopic analysis, the people that study the morphology believe it was almost entirely aquatic and it's true we have isotopic analysis that shows that most spinosaurid had a diet consistent with a fish only diet, but we also have isotopic analysis that shows spinosaurids with almost entirely terrestrial diets, we also have a fossil that has evidence for spinosaurids eating pterosaurs aswell, I think they were primarily shallows hunters, being able to hunt terrestrially aswell, and having a mid depth diving ability to feed on bottom feeding fish, their skull structure also suggests that although fish is a likely reason for the skull adaptations, their nasal cavities seem to suggest a high crest position while swimming unlike modern crocodillians but were also Lower than modern day shallows feeders like herons whose nasal cavities are at the top of the skull, and having that positioning aswell as the crests and sails being an aquatic ambush predator like crocodillians is highly unlikely, if I was to guess as to why spinosaurids have the adaptations they do while other adaptations aren't found is because they were a evolutionary mid point maybe a diet change or an environmental change led them to need certain adaptations but a subsequent change after certain adaptations may have changed the viability of evolving further for the niche they were moving into at the time, regardless I don't think we'll ever know unless we find a mostly complete specimen or specimen that show the evolutionary progress through time for the species in the spinosauridae baryonidae families
@@Keigo_88 Birds like Guinea fowl have short legs and run very fast. Given they aren't very large but you get my point, it probably wouldn't run very fast though as the main prey it tackled did not speed away from it on land.
All these comments are rather diverse scientifically regarding these spinosaurs life style. Clearly these animal lived along the ancient mid Cretaceous shore lines of the ancient Tethys Sea. This environment would best be described as estuarine in nature and Maine coastal environment interrupted by fresh water river deltas. It's interesting that salt water Crocodiles live now in such habitats. It's not uncommon for such preditor to include both marine, aquatic and terrestrial prey as nourishment. Even the deposits in Europe that produces Baryonyx and several new spieces are found in such habitat related geological deposits. What ever you believe about their ferocious nature or mobility they fill a ecological nich that the modern Crocodile now dominates. If they could survived past the Cretaceous period they could have adapted to a completely marine environment that during that period was already dominated by Mosasaurus and Pliosaurs. Interesting video.
JP3 really changed the perception of Spinosaurus. It wasn't as tall, and it didn't have robust teeth to challenge a T-Rex. They were meant to eat fish.
I'd go so far as to say it does not make ecological, enviromental and morphological sense for spinosaurus to not be a swimmer. It is adapted to hunt fish, it grew massive and its not a filter feeder, the most productive areas for big fish are estuaries and deltas. Sure i imagine it would have frequented up river and into freshwater swamps but its primary habitat was the Kem Kem and Bayihara estuaries. The geology of the formations it is found in is described as very fine mudstone: essentially what you'd describe modern mangrove mud as. It does not boast big stilt legs and if it did, well its carrying a lot of weight on two feet in an enviroment that likely consisted of soft sucking mud, and a tangled mass of trees occupying most of the free space. Also a stork like wading nethod would relegate it to shallower waters and away from the main channels, the areas used as highways by big fish species.
I doubt things like Ceratodus, bichir, gar, and big coelacanths demanded Spinosaurus to be an efficient swimmer. A lot of the extant relatives that are still around today are not exactly the strongest swimmers and some of them can be caught bare handed by even a human, albeit with risk of getting bit.
@@paleozoic its not that its necessarily chasing them. I can really see it just sitting near the bottom amd ambushing them or stirring the bottom up to flush and corra them etc. these hunting behaviours have been observed in birds and crocodiles, . It has to be remembered this is in the context of and an enviroment of tidal river channels thay whilst deep are sometimes quite narrow. A big spinosaurus might be able to nearly block some channels with its bulk and force fish to run the gauntlet of jaws and claws, this is another thing esturine crocs do. But it does have to be a decent swimmer to just get around in an estuary enviroment, and even more so for a mangrove estuary, with tangled treeferns growing across nearly every square inch of land and soft sucking mud making up said land.
Can’t wait for Spino to be land dwelling then start flying. No one can say it’s true anymore lol. But the idea of Spino being crocodilian does make sense and let’s be honest… way freakier than anything else.
The devs are really giving Spinosaurus more retcons than a 100+ chapter shounen.
Yeah i dont think even Devouverer of Gods has gotten this many updates
@MechaGoji Studios man you just can't ignore the updates like that. Some people are just getting updates way too quickly
@MechaGoji Studios partypooper
Spinosaurus is the Batman of dinosaurs.
@MechaGoji Studios ok *MechaGoji Studios* lmao
2021: Spinosaurus was not aquatic
2022: No, Spinosaurus actually was aquatic
2023: No again, Spinosaurus was capable of intercontinental flight via rocket powered super farts
2024: Spinosaurus sail let it time travel. One has brought me back from the future to type this.
Sounds like the Tremors 3 Ass Blaster that was capable of flying with explosive farts
2025 Spinosaurus was pansexual
the spinosaurus PR team has been amazing recently
@@m3lvn415 With the current political climate I don’t doubt that someone is going to make that stupid argument.
This might as well be a weekly series. This week they swim, next week they're scavengers and fisher, next they have developed NFT's.
😆😆😆
in a year - they will be abelto fly
Not that nutty. They found the tail recently and it would make more sense if things change due to that info. I don’t think they will be returning to being their land dwellers unless there is new information. Silly joke
@@Shastasnow uh quite the opposite there are many paleontologists that distinctly disagree with the tails function
Spinobros NFT's when!
I am really happy we actually ended up with a giant stork dinosaur. I think if we look at the paleo enviroment, baryonyx inhabited a land of large sprawling but seasonally dry water courses. It makes complete sense to me that whilst it was pursuing prey underwater it could and did move between water holes. Spiney lived in two massive estuaries so it probably never had that issue and suchomimus was carving out a 'giant stork' niche alongside sarcosuchus imperator, whom was the aquatic super predator of its faster flowing riverine home(i really dislike the heron analogy as herons hunt very differently to storks, utilising stealth and a precise strike with their fishing spear tongue and storks hunt much more like how it has been proposed for spinosaurids, probing with the beak half submerged and driving fish forwards into the beak with the feet)
Sarcho meet Spino each time probably , suchomimus/barry only found in riverside
@@yanaskhoir3657 sarco didn't live with spino. It lived with sucho
Fun fact: spinosaurus’s spine was actually used to trick lost sailors into thinking they are far away ships, luring them towards them so they can eat them.
LMAO
This definitely makes much more sense now that Spinosaurus is more of an underwater walker than an agile swimmer. Even though this new study shows more insight on the probability of Spinosaurus having a more aquatic lifestyle, I still need to give credit to the 2021 study that pretty much explains that Spinosaurus may have been very inefficient at swimming lol. THAT'S why a freely swimming, underwater pursuit predator Spinosaurus made very little sense to me, but a bottom-walking ambush predator Spinosaurus makes much more sense.
I don't really think the lifestyle of wading is completely out of question because one still does what works and that doesn't really exclude wading OR subaqueous foraging. Perhaps Spinosaurus and Baryonyx could perform both, with either species adapted more or less to one or the other.
So basically it's a dino-hippo that eats meat -i can support that
@@golddragonette7795 IF you knew hippos you ld know how terrifying this conclusion would be
@@kartamarasevered3685 I've seen enough in videos to never want to see one in real life! the fact they run underwater fast enough to catch boats with outboard motors...
@@golddragonette7795 think people in the countries where they are invasive horrifying
Or the 2021 study nay just be flawed
I love how people are like "hmmmm how come dinosaurs never went deepwater unlike mammals and reptiles" when unlike mammals or triassic reptiles the Jurassic and Cretaceous seas were already filled with huge marine reptiles occupying that niche plus the Cretaceous seas especially were probabaly the most chaotic and dangerous seas our planet has ever seen.
+ExtraordinaryTV there were dinosaurs that present a waay more intriguing case than Spino like the Lioning ankylosaurid
Only really because pinnipeds and cetaceans don't try and kill us, mostly because they can judge we would not taste well, and being Eutherian, they like the novelty of us being there. If they did our waters would be deadly.
Although that being said, hippos exist now, and their waters are probably the most deadly. Crocodiles can be dangerous without our weapons at hand too.
@@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana hippos are literally invasive on colombia lol
@@thedoruk6324 wow so even with all that listed above they still possibly made it to the oceans. Dinosaurs really are the pinnacle of life on Earth.
2020: Spinosaurus was aquatic
2021: lol nevermind
2022: lol nevermind
+Ta-Ho-Mas Williams looks like somebody actually heard the new paper (I mean the one recently dropped)
@@thedoruk6324 Wait there is another paper released after this video?
@@theatheistbear3117 exactly
@@thedoruk6324 can you link it to us?
@@ashprice1123 links are not working properly on youtube the comments got vanished I can name the double studies instead if you want to search them
To me this back and forth evidence harkens back to the debate of whether T. rex could run fast or not. Now it can, now it can't, now it can, now it can't again, and each paleontologist you ask might give you a different answer.
This is how science works.
@@EDGEscience Any plans to do a follow-up video about the response paper, "Spinosaurids as 'subaqueous foragers' undermined by selective sampling and problematic statistical inference"? Just wondering
@@JerkyD Preach!
Yeah, but it settles to they were faster than humans (not really much of a contest) but still pretty slow, and basically anything on land today could escape it, including elephants.
@@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana currently for an adult tyrannosaurus maximum speed estimated 25-30km not bad for an animal of almost 10 tons.
This brings the coastal wolves up.
I think we're not giving them the proper amount of recognition, since they're quite literally evolving under our noses.
Whale Evolution 2.0.
@@theangryholmesian4556 If we don't flood their coastal habitat with climate change before they can adapt - yup, so it seems 😉
Seal wolves baby!
@@beastmaster0934 Seal wolves with fricking lazer beams on their head.
Love any spinosaurid news, especially the big man himself. Loved spinosaurs before they got popular, but LOVING all the new finds and research. Keep up on the news, Edge - love the channel and love the content!
I initially only liked him as a kid because he was simply bigger than T. rex, but the revelation that it’s a completely different animal (niche wise) whilst still being bigger makes it somewhat more endearing.
@@tompotter8703 I fell in love with the wading lifestyle and long snoot for a such a big theropod. The more evidence came out that spino was aquatic the more I loved it. The tail papers were the most excited I'd been for theropod news in a long time. And now my other favorite spino-cousins are getting some focus? It ain't my birthday yet lol
@@tompotter8703 The Spinosaurus is longer than the T. Rex, but is at least 2-3 tons lighter. Scotty the T. Rex is now considered to be the largest theropod currently known to science. Don't take my word for it, however. There are plenty of online articles proving this, should you care to seek them out.
I love your use for the visuals and mods from Jurassic World Evolution 2. Excellent video for this research on bone density of many extinct and living animals.
Great music too
That quote from Navallon sort of alludes to this, but if I remember right the Holtz and Hone study was specifically looking at evidence for aquatic pursuit predation in Spinosaurus, and the new study considers subaqueous feeding more generally. I definitely see room for both studies to be mostly right, with Spinosaurus hunting mostly underwater, but without being an especially fast swimmer or using pursuit strategies.
+Rob Hackl-Blumstein Do you know that there is an ever more recent paper ?
@@thedoruk6324 Nope, didn't know that. There's always more with Spinosaurus isn't there?
@@robhacklblumstein More and well contradictory situations it is like mythological ourobos honestly until we find a truly complete specimen
I agree, they weren't likely pursuit hunters and I think they were most likely bottom walkers, however another thought I had was maybe they had webbed feet and hands and only used their tail for steering. They might've mostly fed on crustaceans and other slow moving or stationary prey.
@@Master_Yoda1990 the webbed feet part in all honesty seems like speculation alone as there is no solid - fossil evidence accounted for
Spiny could actually fly, the big sail was for steering. The GI and most of the 'pulmonary' sacks were filled with hydrogen. I figured that the fastest way to palaeontologic peace was to give everybody a single idea they could disagree with.
First Amargasaurus and now Spinosaurus, thanks E.D.G.E!
+2b Honest You might get another Spinosaurus video soon! There is an even recent paper
We only need to look at the Spino’s skull. Its skull is taperered, narrow, and aerodynamic. Ideal for catch small, lightweight prey like fish. The sail-like spine likely helped balance him while his most likely webbed feet need led him to navigate the surface of water with his head below the surface. Or maybe he was a great swimmer. Either way, his jaw was not wide enough to apply any significant amount of bite force compared to something like T-Rex whose jaw was wide and attached to a thick wide neck. Being partially aquatic would mean spino wasn’t a great runner and likely didn’t like to catch large land prey. Instead he would have waited near water for small prey to come to him, or he would go swimming.
Interestingly enough study’s show they had very very similar prey to other large theropods and not similar to full aquatic fish eater. I suggest watching the David hone lecture on them. It’s extremely interesting and informative.
I was always under the impression that Spinosaurus was partial to walking along shallow rivers, both foraging for food as well as avoiding other large theropods in order to avoid any unnecessary fights. Granted we have little in terms of an actual skeleton, however from what we have found, it lends more credence to a semi aquatic lifestyle like that of Crocodilians, while still having the ability to function well on land like other large theropods.
Well impressions aren't facts
@@FumanyuX Well it’s pretty fucking obvious that Spinosaurus wasn’t fully aquatic or fully terrestrial! A semiaquatic lifestyle is the only thing that makes sense here, especially when looking at the jaws and teeth of Spinosaurus, being very crocodilian in nature. My impression is probably more accurate than several of the concepts that have been drawn up using the known facts of Spinosaurus.
Good informative video. 👍
Perhaps Spinosaurus were drift hunters, using their sail something like the Portuguese Man o' War. If they had camouflaged skin, they'd look like a big log or debris just drifting in the water. Fish love hiding under such objects away from the shore, and seemingly "safe" from predators. The sail could also provide additional "shade," something that fish like to hide in to ambush prey. This makes fish easier to see to catch by "surface" predators, as the "Black Heron" demonstrates and takes advantage of.
The phrase "huge heckin chonkers" has been used in scientific analysis of dinosaur fossils. What a time to be alive.
This is not science. Just me discussing science.
Isn’t the proper term “semi-aquatic”? Saying it’s aquatic implies that it was fully aquatic, like, say, dolphins.
Agreed. I think it would have been less aquatic than crocodiles.
@@alwaysright6358 yeah. I think spino spend as much time on land as it did in the water, and he had 2 fish hunting methods - like a stork, and bottom walking on a VERY shallow water, like a hippo.
I'm getting a ptsd flashback of the cursed Seal Spinosaurus art-
@@IdentityCrisis411 spinofaarus
Okay, to be honest, I’m kind of suspicious about how apprehensive Cau is for giving an isotope analysis of Halszkaraptor.
so as the new paper there are many inconsistencies about 2022 paper
@@zanzanazenzen1221 what inconsistencies are there in the 2022 paper?
@@hamishstewart5324 like the fact that they based their entire publication literally on a single femur exclusively :ı
I am not even joking
@@zanzanazenzen1221 that's not an inconsistency though. that's the opposite.
What are the inconsistencies you were talking about?
@@nouhorni3229 It is an inconsistency that exclusively basing everything off of a single fossil
Alas that is not even the only one there are several of them as pointed out in the new papper
Wouldn't it be possible, that Baryonyx was on the way to evolve back into a wading/land-based lifestyle, hence it looking like a mix of both worlds. Evolution isn't just a one-way street after all. The ancestral form of Spino and Bary could/would have been the swimmer/diver, and the paths and physiology diverged.
That's a good point. What I was thinking is that they were waders that had the capability to dive after and chase prey if needed
I just love the:
"Well thought out and eloquently explained synopsis of large scale science study"
and then the:
"BIG HECKIN CHONKERS"
They Be Thicc
Betting the baryonyx walked between drying and filling pools while avoiding the river when it could each year or drought monsoon season
Now the Spino Saga continues and I love it alot,but also this video was really cool
Every year there’s something brand new about spinosaurus. This is why it’s my favourite dinosaur. It’s the perfect example of how we’ll never truly understand these creatures no matter how hard we try. There will always be changes. Not to mention it’s just such a unique dinosaur and there’s so many little interesting things about it
two uploads in a day? you're practically spoiling us
My money rn is on Spinosaurs, or at least Spinosaurus, being essentially oversized snapping turtles. Just chilling around the bottom of rivers, luring fish in with a concerningly long all yesterdaysian tongue or whatever, breathing once in a blue moon and swimming away if trouble is afoot or they wanna be somewhere else. Idk, it fits both the "kinda bad at diving" and "dives a lot" thing scientists seem to mainly use to bicker with each other.
:0
Submarine cocodrile?
But
Snapping turtles camouflage
And bite fast, hence their name
yo, that was a super interesting episode. filled me in on a lot Spinosaurous stuff id been wondering about
This aged nicely....
"We checked the ribs of some
Living animals, but they stopped living when we ripped out the rib."
Spinosaurus would absolutely be my choice if I could time travel for one day to study the lifestyle of any dinosaur. What an amazing animal this was. I literally get depressed when I think about the life that existed that I will never be able to see in real life.
that sucks :^[ to counteract the sadness, maybe try learning about and observing some of the amazing animals in your region, I promise there are many.
@@delwynmarcoux1523 oh I get thoroughly amazed by the life that exists..... it just sucks that we can't ever see some of the extinct life.
Maybe someday we will. For now though, we’re still trying to do stuff like make learning chatbots that Twitter won’t teach to be racist and sexist in less than a day lol
it's always funny to see goose boy complain about any papers that go against what he thinks about his precious gooseraptor
Right! Most aquatic birds can fly anyways. And I’ve found that goose is pretty less aquatic and prefer grazing grass...won’t be surprised if goose raptor is just semi aquatic or 75% terrestrial.
Goose Boy Will Have A Hissy Fit
*Higher bone density = Heavier mass and robust built.*
Bones with high density usually have large amounts of muscle attachments and bulk. Nizar Ibrahim and colleagues did say in a statement that Spinosaurus Aegyptiacus weighed anywhere from *10 to 12 metric tonnes* for a 15.2 meter long one. Making it almost 4 tonnes heavier than the largest Tyrannosaurus at 8.4 metric tonnes.
Rumor has it that larger specimens like the NMC 41852 were pushing past 16 meters and 13 metric tonnes.
The largest Tyrannosaurus was nearly 10 tonnes, and NMC was officially estimated to be only 13 meters.
@@Deform-2024 Which paper is this and by whom? I tried looking and nothing is circulating the news section on Google about the 10 metric tonnes Tyrannosaurus. Scotty, as far as publication goes, is 8870kg and that's already debated by other paleontologists like John R Hutchinson whom said the size/mass difference between Sue and Scotty were very little. To quote Pete Makovicky "Scotty's femur has a smaller measured circumference than Sue (1.7 percent), but is slightly longer (1 percent), the tibiae are an exact tie, and Sue's fibula is longer (3 percent). Scotty’s hipbone is reported as just under 1% longer than Sue’s. The differences are tiny, comparable to what you would find in comparing the right- and left-side bones within one animal, and therefore, speaking as a scientist the two specimens are statistically indistinguishable in size and thus tied for largest T. rex.”
It's also important to remember Scotty is 65% complete while Sue is 90% complete.
NMC is 13 meters from which source? Nizar said there are a few specimens bigger or similar size to MSNM V4047 (which he said was 15 to 16 meters)
@@Jurassic_Gojira Eric Snively, 2019 on Tyrannosaurus Sue and molina-Perez and Larramendi 2019 for nmc. There was a dentary, NHMUK VP r 16421, that was similar in size to MSNM-V4047 with both being 15 meters long.
@@Deform-2024 Wasn't Scott Person's mass for both Sue and Scotty published in 2019 too? It was similar sizes to Hartman's and Larramendi's mass. Snively's paper was able to increase the mass of Sue by mostly adding flesh to the tail (9,700 kilograms) Whether the study is still reliable, Im not sure. The fleshing of the tail looks to a bit too much for the animal realistically. I read they made much more appropriate estimates now with 9100 kilograms being the max estimates.
Yes, that's the only publication for NMC 41852 (13 to 14.4 meters long) however others have suggested larger estimations although not published. Nizar Ibrahim's comments "Spinosaurus is a very large theropod, and very likely the longest theropod in the Kem Kem by a considerable margin further adds to the likelihood of this identification." Suggest it was a bit more larger.
Random People I met: Dinosaurs never swam or flew
*Spinosaurus and Bird noises*
It is highly likely that couples of Spinosauri would lay on their sides and interlock their limbs, forming a singular unit, and could achieve shared airborne flight by oscillating their dorsal fins in unison, leading to the ability to fly at altitude over bodies of water and seek out prey items from the air as a team. All of the science supports this this hypothesis.
(Que the 100s of self-proclaimed scientists who don't understand a joke)
EDGE is becoming SUCH a geek/nerd!
Bottom walking, swimming and ambushing large fish. As an esturine crocodile enthusiast i take issue with the proposal that spineosaurus may have hunted unlike anything alive today, as all those strategies are employed by the largest extant archosaur species today.
Snapping turtles do this too right?
2023 - spinosaurus can fly
2024 - spinosaurus was a burrowing animal
2025 - spinosaurus was arboreal
2026 - spinosaurus had thick fur and lives in the arctic
2027 - spinosaurus was a filter feeder
2028 - spinosaurus came from space
2029- Spinosaurus time traveled.
SCP Foundation - "Seems we've got another one!"
Oh great another thing to put in your endless prison
All you mindless parisites do is take pride in your terrible actions
Do you ever think what could happen in the coming years
What if I adapt to reality warping time travel ?
@@scp-oq7fu Wait you aren't already adapted to reality warping time travel? I'm shocked those jerks never tried it on you.
There is more than one of myself
Evan if I die
There is always another version of me somewhere
I'm willing to bet that the next paper on spinosaurus will prove it to be terrestrial. And then the next aquatic. And then terrestrial...
Honestly, it probably will go back and forth. Isotope data of teeth show that it did hunt on land as well, and some anatomical aspects like the placement of the nostrils pointed out by Dr. Hone are still unanswered issues.
That said, while unlikely, there could possibly be an undescribed late surviving Baryonychine comparable to Suchomimus that may be skewing the data on teeth isotopes.
Maybe Spinosaurus way of life was something more akin to a polar bear of the tropics. A polar bear is a good swimmer, but not like a seal, it will eat anything that it can get, be it a fish, a penguin, a seal or even a reindeer. Also the nostrils of a Spinosaurus is very much positioned like the nostrils of a penguin, so it doesn't need to feed like a heron.
YO NEW SPINOSAURUS LORE JUST DROPPED
Heck yeah! Take THAT everyone who said Spino wasn't a swimmer, also.
This channel rocks!
Uh you might want to see the most recent paper once again doubts it sooo
@@zanzanazenzen1221 link please!
@@bambostarla6259 I cannot post links unfortunately youtube bots immediately remove the comment but I can name the study if you want
@@zanzanazenzen1221 Sure!
Would have been interesting to see how the group would have evolved further if given a few more million years
Another possibility for the lack of many aquatic Dinosaurs may be the non Dinosaur sea monsters that filled those niches and maybe even fed on Dinosaurs from time to time.
The deep breath before reading out all the paper author names 😂
I need Ceri Thomas' adorable "chonky boi" Spinosaurus at 9:00 for my desktop wallpaper, like NOW!
I feel like one of the most unknown and underrated spinosaurids is the Icthyoventator, it is personally my 2nd favorite spinosaurids.
Very interesting. In the past years, spinosaurs family open so much more image defying trait that challange our understanding about dinosaurs.
Always thought its proportions oddly long, like Michael Phelps animorphing into a dimetrodon with a gharial's head and a gannet's torso. The spine must have been for either regulating bodyheat in deeper water then, or holding breath as well. Or they might have been able to propel themselves with it as an extension of the tail for explosive speed, perhaps also to pin their feet to the bottom while attacking, for leverage.
With how many large predators it shared it's environment with, I wonder if it helped make it looke even larger and more frightening as well.
100/10 for that Phelps description. That's now stuck in my head.
The 2022 study "Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur" actually says the sail is a hindrance for swimming, not an asset.
According to the max speed estimates, a Spino would not be able to catch up to Phelps.
@@MustardSkaven I doubt they bothered diving much, except as juveniles escaping predation; they probably had no sail when little. Also, no human swimmer is outpacing a 40' reptile with a huge oar for a tail, I don't care how long his torso is.
@@davidbeddoe6670 Max speed of Spino is estimated at 1.2m/second. That's quite a bit slower than an Olympic swimmer.
You need to look up the latest research.
Hey, is that the Arizona Natural history Museum in the video? Been there last week, amazing place.
I like my boy Baryonyx even more now < 3
I knew it was an aquatic dino. I never gave up on that theory.
Ok but legs
Imagining a swimming Spino coming at me while I swim in the pool. Just imagining it’s snout and ridges and eyes popping up out of the water and looking at me. And I get shivers thinking about it. Lol
This is some amazing put together calming video content. And happy to just be living in a time this is being made right now. :3
No pets in the pool. Spino goes or you get banned.
What if I told you there is *another* New paper ? I do mean it. Another another new paper.
This ourobos cycle never Ends lool!
@LeoTheBritish-Eurasian its good to see you friend!
@@thedoruk6324 It's easy, since its tail and webbed feet were discovered, Spinosaurus is considered a predator that spent almost its entire life in the water, clumsy on land, that didn't hunt Sauroposeidons or other aberrations they said. That there are people who do not accept it is another problem
@@ismaelgonzalezmartinez5975 That is quite the opposite of what is actually going on
First; the so called webbed feeth doesn't belong or directly interpreted to inherited by Aegyptiacus. Last time I have checked it is merely a presumtion a theory as nothing solid or presented about the webbed feet
About the tail; there are many palaeontologist that openly disagree about its usage Mark Witton Dr Hone Dr Holtz Mr Henderson as well as some others like John Hutchinson the tails actual functionality might be varied spectacularly and even presented at extremely unable and weak agains water currents
There is also actual water isotope analysis presented on an actual study showed morocco and tunisia specimens and presumably algeria and libya specimens had actually terrestrial results
@@ismaelgonzalezmartinez5975 uh other paleontologists like mark witton john hutchinson dr hone dr holtz mark witton mr henderson are throughly disagree with your overtly personal interpetations. specifically the tails usage and the webbed feeth being a mere theory. In fact original isotope studies showed morocco and tunuisia specimens being terrestrial lol
@@kartamarasevered3685 First for your information Spinosaurus has osteoclerotic bones like the hippopotamus, an animal that lives almost all its life in water. And second there is a global consensus as much as you like it, I'm not saying. There is and for your information Mark Witton said that the small legs of Spinosaurus were the product of fossilization, something that is known to be false. Before speaking, contrast information. Spinosaurus is an animal that lived all its life, whoever likes it likes it.
I can't wait till Spinosauras is shown to fly
But what do elephant bones look like in comparison??????
hippos????
+Gaasuba Maskhenet That is the exact point that the New 2022 paper points out against this older paper (yes there is a new paper)
I'm so happy for Baryonyx. How nice to know so much later that they loved to be in the water.
I'll have to find the link for it again but there's this great documentary done by a famous paleontologist where he disputes some of the claims that spinosaurus was a mostly aquatic dino based on some inconsistencies in previous analysis', a closer look at the body structure/comparison to modern animals, and a bit of a closer look at the diet of several spino specimens where some showed some to a decent amount of predation on fish and other specimens showed very little to no predation on fish but rather more on smaller dinos
Interesting.
*Me from the future, laughing that no one in this time period has realized the spinosaurus was an airal predator, whose neural spines were for supporting its giant gas sacks it used to float around.*
Good luck with the fallout
Awesome finally some more confirmation! Much preffer how it looks now too.
*& Love the Eyewitness theme...so much nostalgia lol 👍
I like the video, but turn down the "Epic Movie Advertisement Guy" voice.
Paleontology and science doesn't need to be more "EPIIIIIC"
I tell you what, Ark had better not use this new information to screw up the spinosaurs. They're at a disadvantage enough as is.
This is everything 6:41
This is my favorite dinosaur cause it keeps evolving with each new discovery. Lol
Can you not be the subject of prehistoric zoological discussion for five minutes!
Spino must be like a cormorant
Even it's beak resembles a spino snout.
But spino could have shifted from wadding to semi diving.
The Eyewitness theme at the end gets me so nostalgic every time
I became a fan of Spinosaurus because of Planet Dinosaur (2011) so I'm biased to a Spinosaurus favoring land. But since these discoveries I kinda view it like a bear: it can swim and hunt in an aquatic lifestyle, and will favor that lifestyle to avoid the crowded niche on land, but it was more than capable to be a troublemaker for all on land. On the matter on being bipedal or quadruped, I think it was quadruped for rest, but it could become a biped when he needed to use a ton of energy, such as in a fight.
That inhale exhale while reading the names from the paper had me😂
Baryonyx: Haha I have properly proportioned legs and you don’t.
Spinosaurus: Bruh it’s been millions of years and you’re still making fun of that?
Great job making bone understandable to a YT audience.
The deep inhale lowkey scared me. I thought a coworker came to scary me 😅🤣
I feel like there is a new study every month "debunking" the previous studies on Spinosaurus xD
Civil War Between The Scientists
That's how science gets stronger
There's actually fossil evidence of spinosaurus bite attacks on land predators. So they definitely walked on land. I do believe they were more fish hunters though based on snout shape.
They could have just snatched larger prey from land kinda how like crocodiles wait for animals to cross rivers or go to a watering hole. Although less often than crocs, since most evidence supports Spinosaurs hunting fish and other small-mid size aquatic animals.
@@eybaza6018 true. There was a bite mark on the back of a large land predator (forgot the name) which seems to suggest attack happened on land. It's possible it happened from water but highly unlikely due to size of the predator (equivalent of the trex at that time period).
@@bikerbeliever8169 you mean Carcharodontosaurus?
Been waiting for this one and the Dicraeosaurid one
The more interesting Spinosaurs get the worse I feel for Carnotaurus who is now my second favorite dinosaur...
7:05 damn thats a whole football team
Since most, if not all the sail-backed animals seem to be aquatic/semiaquatic, maybe we should think creatively about what they were used for in the water. It would be weird if they literally used them as sails. Maybe it only makes sense for the gigantic shallow seas we don't have in our time.
They aren't shaped to function as sails
@@temmy9 They could not really make them any more sail-like because of biomechanical reasons like bloodflow. Especially if they were not as warm-blooded as modern large carnivores.
The sail or paddle tail do not appear particularly adapted for swimming, and more likely for signaling or display. Not that a Spinosaurus would even need to swim that efficiently considering it's prey are things like Ceratodus (lungfish), gar, bichir, Mawsonia/Axelrodichthys. Isotopes of teeth also show that it was hunting on land, though you could argue they might belong to a different contemporary spinosaurid.
@@paleozoic Sailing is not swimming. Sailing is also done for longer distances.
Also, land animals go into the water a lot. That's why wildebeest are hunted by crocodiles. The spinosauruses could be taking advantage of a migration route.
In regards to Cau's commentary: The Anhinga, much like cormorants let their feathers get wet to counterbalence their boiency. Maybe Haltzeraptor was aquatic and it had a similar adaptation. Though, to be fair it's legs seem to long for a swiming or diving animal.
The big thing is the Anhinga is a flyer and a diver, two things that are tricky to balance. You need to be able to sink if you dive, but if you fly you need to be light. Haltzeraptor may have dived, but it didn't fly.
@@brettwood1351 My point exactly. The anhinga found an alternetive way of counter balance it's boiency without geting heavier bones. This allows it to both fly and dive efiently. A better comparison for haltzraptor are birds that dive and lost the ability to fly, like the galapagos cormorant and the great auk.
It's difficult to decide these things mostly Because most of the research on these dinosaurs is normally done on one specific category like this one that uses bone density where as there are other studies done with things like isotopic analysis, the people that study the morphology believe it was almost entirely aquatic and it's true we have isotopic analysis that shows that most spinosaurid had a diet consistent with a fish only diet, but we also have isotopic analysis that shows spinosaurids with almost entirely terrestrial diets, we also have a fossil that has evidence for spinosaurids eating pterosaurs aswell, I think they were primarily shallows hunters, being able to hunt terrestrially aswell, and having a mid depth diving ability to feed on bottom feeding fish, their skull structure also suggests that although fish is a likely reason for the skull adaptations, their nasal cavities seem to suggest a high crest position while swimming unlike modern crocodillians but were also Lower than modern day shallows feeders like herons whose nasal cavities are at the top of the skull, and having that positioning aswell as the crests and sails being an aquatic ambush predator like crocodillians is highly unlikely, if I was to guess as to why spinosaurids have the adaptations they do while other adaptations aren't found is because they were a evolutionary mid point maybe a diet change or an environmental change led them to need certain adaptations but a subsequent change after certain adaptations may have changed the viability of evolving further for the niche they were moving into at the time, regardless I don't think we'll ever know unless we find a mostly complete specimen or specimen that show the evolutionary progress through time for the species in the spinosauridae baryonidae families
New Spino update dropped wake up yall
Spinosaurus is the John Kerry of Paleontology; besides John Kerry himself.
Amazing, best I have seen this explained, 10/10
Two videos in a single day?! Wow, you guys sure know how to treat us!
5:20
I don't know what Rock Sauce is, but if its what Freddie Mercury-posining had for breakfast, I want some!
So much lore for my favorite character
A big week for sailed animals- amargasaurus and now spino too
How fast did Spino run?
I'm sure it won't be that fast
why? cause its mostly aquatic?
@@goji-0045 it's legs are short
@@Keigo_88 Hippo legs are short and they run fast. It has more to do with the ankle joint structure and leg musculature.
@@migueljardim8177 yeah i guess but Spino is bipedal
@@Keigo_88 Birds like Guinea fowl have short legs and run very fast. Given they aren't very large but you get my point, it probably wouldn't run very fast though as the main prey it tackled did not speed away from it on land.
Two videos in one day!? I feel spoiled 😊
Spino researchers have the coolest names
All these comments are rather diverse scientifically regarding these spinosaurs life style. Clearly these animal lived along the ancient mid Cretaceous shore lines of the ancient Tethys Sea. This environment would best be described as estuarine in nature and Maine coastal environment interrupted by fresh water river deltas. It's interesting that salt water Crocodiles live now in such habitats. It's not uncommon for such preditor to include both marine, aquatic and terrestrial prey as nourishment. Even the deposits in Europe that produces Baryonyx and several new spieces are found in such habitat related geological deposits. What ever you believe about their ferocious nature or mobility they fill a ecological nich that the modern Crocodile now dominates. If they could survived past the Cretaceous period they could have adapted to a completely marine environment that during that period was already dominated by Mosasaurus and Pliosaurs. Interesting video.
Why do people keep spamming the 2014 abomination ? That thing can’t even swim let alone walk.
JP3 really changed the perception of Spinosaurus. It wasn't as tall, and it didn't have robust teeth to challenge a T-Rex. They were meant to eat fish.
The thumbnail looks accurate and terrifying
I'd go so far as to say it does not make ecological, enviromental and morphological sense for spinosaurus to not be a swimmer. It is adapted to hunt fish, it grew massive and its not a filter feeder, the most productive areas for big fish are estuaries and deltas. Sure i imagine it would have frequented up river and into freshwater swamps but its primary habitat was the Kem Kem and Bayihara estuaries. The geology of the formations it is found in is described as very fine mudstone: essentially what you'd describe modern mangrove mud as. It does not boast big stilt legs and if it did, well its carrying a lot of weight on two feet in an enviroment that likely consisted of soft sucking mud, and a tangled mass of trees occupying most of the free space. Also a stork like wading nethod would relegate it to shallower waters and away from the main channels, the areas used as highways by big fish species.
The waters in kem kem specifically could exceed 20 feet in depth too, and most of those giant fish were bottom dwellers.
I doubt things like Ceratodus, bichir, gar, and big coelacanths demanded Spinosaurus to be an efficient swimmer. A lot of the extant relatives that are still around today are not exactly the strongest swimmers and some of them can be caught bare handed by even a human, albeit with risk of getting bit.
@@paleozoic its not that its necessarily chasing them. I can really see it just sitting near the bottom amd ambushing them or stirring the bottom up to flush and corra them etc. these hunting behaviours have been observed in birds and crocodiles, . It has to be remembered this is in the context of and an enviroment of tidal river channels thay whilst deep are sometimes quite narrow. A big spinosaurus might be able to nearly block some channels with its bulk and force fish to run the gauntlet of jaws and claws, this is another thing esturine crocs do. But it does have to be a decent swimmer to just get around in an estuary enviroment, and even more so for a mangrove estuary, with tangled treeferns growing across nearly every square inch of land and soft sucking mud making up said land.
Nice Video.
Can’t wait for Spino to be land dwelling then start flying.
No one can say it’s true anymore lol. But the idea of Spino being crocodilian does make sense and let’s be honest… way freakier than anything else.
Next week Spinosaurs could fly
2023: Spino didn't run. It actually Spin-dashed.
"Fat-bottomed Paras make the rockin world go round!"