At 1:22 it took me forever to figure out that the grey stuff was continents. I was so confused. Just looking at the colorful stuff thinking, “I don’t recognize that place.”
THANK YOU SO MUCH. i spent a month in my earth science class listening to my professor talk about this and didn't learn a thing. 10 minutes of watching your video and i have confidence about my exam now!
That is cool to study geology and other disciplines. I personally believe in the Noah's flood and the Bible. Scientists around the world has been confirming the Biblical flood with supercomputer models and with the Hydroplate theory, which rivals with this one of "millions of years" :P above described. The Bible stands alone. Also, you guys can check on you tube "Catastrophic Plate Tectonics - Key to Understanding the Genesis Flood, Dr. PhD John Baumgardne"
One small error i found is that geologists don't believe that the mantle of the earth is molten rock but that the convection currents move by "plastic flow" similar to glacial ice but much slower still.
Excellent job of explaining in a way that is easy to understand. I don't think I've learned and retained so much from one video. Thank you very much for the informative demonstrations of how tectonics work.
He says that convection Surrey’s drive plate tectonics but it’s actually due to two main mechanisms: 1. Slab pull, where the subduction gets oceanic plate pulls the rest f it below the continental crust. 2. Slab push, Where an mid ocean ridge (MOR) splits the continents apart creating a space between them, this is what created the Atlantic Ocean. If you actually read that thanks, but I’m literally just saying that the theories have been updated since 7 years ago as it is 2019.
You explained to me in nine minutes what my turkish prof. tried to explain out of the textbook for a week. You deserve a handshake and a cold one, sir,
Dedication a Allegiances Maps Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Excerpt from Warriors #2: Fire and Ice Back Ads About the Author Books by Erin Hunter Credits Copyright About the Publisher DEDICATION For Billy-who left our Twoleg home to become a Warrior. We still miss him very much. And for Benjamin-his brother who is with him now in StarClan. Special thanks to Kate Cary ALLEGIANCES THUNDERCLAN LEADER BLUESTAR-blue-gray she-cat, tinged with silver around her muzzle DEP UTY REDTAIL-small tortoiseshell tom with a distinctive ginger tail APPRENTICE, DUSTPAW MEDICINE CAT SPOTTEDLEAF-beautiful dark tortoiseshell she-cat with a distinctive dappled coat WARRIORS (toms, and she-cats without kits) LIONHEART-magnificent golden tabby tom with thick fur like a lion’s mane APPRENTICE, GRAYPAW TIGERCLAW-big dark brown tabby tom with unusually long front claws APPRENTICE, RAVENPAW WHITESTORM-big white tom APPRENTICE, SANDPAW DARKSTRIPE-sleek black-and-gray tabby tom LONGTAIL-pale tabby tom with dark black stripes RUNNINGWIND-swift tabby tom WILLOWPELT-very pale gray she-cat with unusual blue eyes MOUSEFUR-small dusky brown she-cat AP P RENTICES (more than six moons old, in training to become warriors) DUSTPAW-dark brown tabby tom GRAYPAW-long-haired solid gray tom RAVENPAW-small, skinny black tom with a tiny white dash on his chest, and white-tipped tail SANDPAW-pale ginger she-cat FIREPAW-handsome ginger tom QUEENS (she-cats expecting or nursing kits) FROSTFUR-beautiful white coat and blue eyes BRINDLEFACE-pretty tabby GOLDENFLOWER-pale ginger coat SPECKLETAIL-pale tabby, and the oldest nursery queen ELDERS (former warriors and queens, now retired) HALFTAIL-big dark brown tabby tom with part of his tail missing SMALLEAR-gray tom with very small ears. The oldest tom in ThunderClan PATCHPELT-small black-and-white tom ONE-EYE-pale gray she-cat, the oldest cat in ThunderClan. Virtually blind and deaf DAPPLETAIL-once-pretty tortoiseshell she-cat with a lovely dappled coat SHADOWCLAN LEADER BROKENSTAR-long-haired dark brown tabby DEP UTY BLACKFOOT-large white tom with huge jet-black paws MEDICINE CAT RUNNINGNOSE-small gray-and-white tom WARRIORS STUMPYTAIL-brown tabby tom APPRENTICE, BROWNPAW BOULDER-silver tabby tom APPRENTICE, WETPAW CLAWFACE-battle-scarred brown tom APPRENTICE, LITTLEPAW NIGHTPELT-black tom QUEENS DAWNCLOUD-small tabby BRIGHTFLOWER-black-and-white she-cat ELDERS ASHFUR-thin gray tom WINDCLAN LEADER TALLSTAR-a black-and-white tom with a very long tail RIVERCLAN LEADER CROOKEDSTAR-a huge light-colored tabby with a twisted jaw DEP UTY OAKHEART-a reddish brown tom CATS OUTSIDE CLANS YELLOWFANG-old dark gray she-cat with a broad, flattened face SMUDGE-plump, friendly black-and-white kitten who lives in a house at the edge of the forest BARLEY-black-and-white tom who lives on a farm close to the forest MAPS PROLOGUE A half-moon glowed on smooth granite boulders, turning them silver. The silence was broken only by the ripple of water from the swift black river and the whisper of trees in the forest beyond. There was a stirring in the shadows, and from all around lithe dark shapes crept stealthily over the rocks. Unsheathed claws glinted in the moonlight. Wary eyes flashed like amber. And then, as if on a silent signal, the creatures leaped at each other, and suddenly the rocks were alive with wrestling, screeching cats. At the center of the frenzy of fur and claws, a massive dark tabby pinned a bracken-colored tom to the ground and drew up his head triumphantly. “Oakheart!” the tabby growled. “How dare you hunt in our territory? The Sunningrocks belong to ThunderClan!” “After tonight, Tigerclaw, this will be just another RiverClan hunting ground!” the bracken-colored tom spat back. A warning yowl came from the shore, shrill and anxious. “Look out! More RiverClan warriors are coming!” Tigerclaw turned to see sleek wet bodies sliding out of the water below the rocks. The drenched RiverClan warriors bounded silently up the shore and hurled themselves into battle without even stopping to shake the water from their fur. The dark tabby glared down at Oakheart. “You may swim like otters, but you and your warriors do not belong in this forest!” He drew back his lips and showed his teeth as the cat struggled beneath him. The desperate scream of a ThunderClan she-cat rose above the clamor. A wiry RiverClan tom had pinned the brown warrior flat on her belly. Now he lunged toward her neck with jaws still dripping from his swim across the river. Tigerclaw heard the cry and let go of Oakheart. With a mighty leap, he knocked the enemy warrior away from the she-cat. “Quick, Mousefur, run!” he ordered, before turning on the RiverClan tom who had threatened her. Mousefur scrambled to her paws, wincing from a deep gash on her shoulder, and raced away. Behind her, Tigerclaw spat with rage as the RiverClan tom sliced open his nose. Blood blinded him for an instant, but he lunged forward regardless and sank his teeth into the hind leg of his enemy. The RiverClan cat squealed and struggled free. “Tigerclaw!” The yowl came from a warrior with a tail as red as fox fur. “This is useless! There are too many RiverClan warriors!” “No, Redtail. ThunderClan will never be beaten!” Tigerclaw yowled back, leaping to Redtail’s side. “This is our territory!” Blood was welling around his broad black muzzle, and he shook his head impatiently, scattering scarlet drops onto the rocks. “ThunderClan will honor your courage, Tigerclaw, but we cannot afford to lose any more of our warriors,” Redtail urged. “Bluestar would never expect her warriors to fight against these impossible odds. We will have another chance to avenge this defeat.” He met Tigerclaw’s amber-eyed gaze steadily, then reared away and sprang onto a boulder at the edge of the trees. “Retreat, ThunderClan! Retreat!” he yowled. At once his warriors squirmed and struggled away from their opponents. Spitting and snarling, they backed toward Redtail. For a heartbeat, the RiverClan cats looked confused. Was this battle so easily won? Then Oakheart yowled a jubilant cry. As soon as they heard him, the RiverClan warriors raised their voices and joined their deputy in caterwauling their victory. Redtail looked down at his warriors. With a flick of his tail, he gave the signal and the ThunderClan cats dived down the far side of the Sunningrocks, then disappeared into the trees. Tigerclaw followed last. He hesitated at the edge of the forest and glanced back at the bloodstained battlefield. His face was grim, his eyes furious slits. Then he leaped after his Clan into the silent forest. In a deserted clearing, an old gray she-cat sat alone, staring up at the clear night sky. All around her in the shadows she could hear the breathing and stirrings of sleeping cats. A small tortoiseshell she-cat emerged from a dark corner, her pawsteps quick and soundless. The gray cat dipped her head in greeting. “How is Mousefur?” she meowed. “Her wounds are deep, Bluestar,” answered the tortoiseshell, settling herself on the night-cool grass. “But she is young and strong; she will heal quickly.” “And the others?” “They will all recover, too.” Bluestar sighed. “We are lucky not to have lost any of our warriors this time. You are a gifted medicine cat, Spottedleaf.” She tilted her head again and studied the stars. “I am deeply troubled by tonight’s defeat. ThunderClan has not been beaten in its own territory since I became leader,” she murmured. “These are difficult times for our Clan. The season of newleaf is late, and there have been fewer kits. ThunderClan needs more warriors if it is to survive.” “But the year is only just beginning,” Spottedleaf pointed out calmly. “There will be more kits when greenleaf comes.” The gray cat twitched her broad shoulders. “Perhaps. But training our young to become warriors takes time. If ThunderClan is to defend its territory, it must have new warriors as soon as possible.” “Are you asking StarClan for answers?” meowed Spottedleaf gently, following Bluestar’s gaze and staring up at the swath of stars glittering in the dark sky. “It is at times like this we need the words of ancient warriors to help us. Has StarClan spoken to you?” Bluestar asked. “Not for some moons, Bluestar.” Suddenly a shooting star blazed over the treetops. Spottedleaf’s tail twitched and the fur along her spine bristled. Bluestar’s ears pricked but she remained silent as Spottedleaf continued to gaze upward. After a few moments, Spottedleaf lowered her head and turned to Bluestar. “It was a message from StarClan,” she murmured. A distant look came into her eyes. “Fire alone can save our Clan.” “Fire?” Bluestar echoed. “But fire is feared by all the Clans! How can it save us?” Spottedleaf shook her head. “I do not know,” she admitted. “But this is the message StarClan has chosen to share with me.” The ThunderClan leader fixed her clear blue eyes on the medicine cat. “You have never been wrong before, Spottedleaf,” she meowed. “If StarClan has spoken, then it must be so. Fire will save our Clan.”
Great video until 8:10 .... several major inaccuracies here: 1 - the mantle is NOT magma (molten rock), it is solid rock; the magma on the diagram is the little red spots under the plate boundaries 2 - convection currents in the mantle do NOT move the plates; on the contrary, it is the plates sinking under the force of gravity that drives mantle convection 3 - a hotspot is not "an area where magma comes close to the crust" (this sentence doesn't actually make sense); a hotspot is the surface expression of a mantle plume - a narrow area of hot, solid mantle rock flowing up from deep within the mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary. Hope this helps!
+Vsevolod koudriavtsev you are actually the first person on UA-cam who was actually respectful of someone else's religious beliefs. Respectfully disagreeing, most youtuber's can't do that. I don't know why I can't believe in God and Big Bang and evolution. The Catholic Church actually supports these theories as possibilities. I hate how some people associate religion with ignorance to science
This is literally the best explanation! I was struggling with understanding this concept and you made it so I could grasp it easily! Thanks for helping me not fail! (:
it's more than brief !! As far as my country is concerned, it is explicit enough to enter National Taiwan University, which is the most reputable university. THANKS A LOT !
you didn't really say what happens when ridges form on land. so does it get filled up with molten material and form mountains just like the mid ocean ridges or does it just become this huge crack? LOVED THE VIDEO BY THE WAY ♥️
On land you get rift valleys forming as the lithosphere is extended and stretched and blocks of rock drop down along fault lines to create valleys. Eventually the valley is filled with water (since its a low area) and a new ocean starts to form. Hope this helps!
@@HafsaBobat yes that’s right. It’s called continental rift. But everything has a life cycle. Eventually oceans close up, continents meet and build mountains. A good example of oceans closing up and mountain buildings are the Tethys sea and the Himalayan mountains. A good example of an ocean being created in the continental rift forming Africa
This was perfect! Lots of info without being too technical, it's just what we were looking for to add to our 6th grade lesson. Thanks SO much! Take good care of you and yours.
Nice explanations....up until the end (!?!) 1. Earth's convecting interior is NOT magma. It is solid rock. (S wave earthquake vibrations go through this area and they only go through solids.) 2. Hawaii IS a hot spot. That phrase means " a place with a massive amount of lava." Hot spots form on top of mantle plumes. That's the correct term for what's happening inside of Earth. Hope this prevents confusion.
I thought that the plates on the San Andreas fault aren't moving in opposite directions, they are moving in the same direction, just at different speeds.
THANK YOU! This was sooooo helpful! It was very clear and had tons of information! I have to do an essay on plate tectonics for school and this was a HUGE help! Thanks so much! :>
omg......this is amazing!!!!!!!!! I mean this is the perfect example of teaching in a precise and interesting way......the way it has set up in my mind.....i doubt about the fact that i may forget. Thank you so much for your guidance
great video, some inaccuracies, but still really great. an educational tool for sure. these inaccuracies can be the source of learning discussion! thanks!!!!
Thank god i found this i didn't listen to my teacher...all i heard was There is gonna be a test tomorrow about Plate Tectonics i said WHAT?!?! When i got home i quickly got my laptop and lookup Plate tectonics.
When checking the World map it looks as though the combined length of the subduction zones is less than half the combined length of the spreading ridges. This should mean that the seafloor is being subducted more than twice as fast as it is coming out from the spreading ridges. It then surprises me a lot that the subduction zones aren't even interconnected like the spreading ridges -- because parts of the seafloor should be breaking up and make a mess around the edges of the subduction zones. No such mess is drawn on the map. I wonder why.
you are right, sudbuction theory is not possible!! as simple is that! it just doesn´t make sense if you go into detail about this topic! so there have to be another explanation, even if it sounds weird it has to be the expanding theory. this just explains reasonable the whole process and it gives us an answer to the future.. best prove is the pacific ocean which was created in the last 200million years because of the fire ring which is the strongest part of the seafloor ridge system around the planet. this would also mean earth was 200mill years ago half of the mass of today, the atmosphere was turned around everything was big, giants, as it stretched it become thinner and finer but at one point earths rotation and mass should stop this process, we probably reached already this point.. but from here on scientist need to overtake this work..
I was too lazy to study for my test so I watched this instead haha
Haha I just have the science exam about it yesterday
same situation i was in, couldn't study had to look for a video @Flawlesskevin
S/O to Mr. Andersen thanks G
FlawlessKevin lol
bru, i could totally relate
Honestly, same.
I started watching your videos in middle school, and now here I am still using your videos in college!
At 1:22 it took me forever to figure out that the grey stuff was continents. I was so confused. Just looking at the colorful stuff thinking, “I don’t recognize that place.”
I watched this video 11 times and I could not figure out what that was either😂😂😂
SAMME until i read this comment and tried to look for what you were talking about for 2 mins
i have a huge test on plate tectonics tomorrow and im studying last minute...thanks for the help!!
Doing that Now.......lol
Do you know the answers
our teacher makes us watch you for our homework.... I believe that's a compliment within its self.
SAME!
if you actually watch this bloke fir homework then you don't like yourself
Hey, excellent job explaining all this in a very easy-to-understand manner! Thank you!
THANK YOU SO MUCH. i spent a month in my earth science class listening to my professor talk about this and didn't learn a thing. 10 minutes of watching your video and i have confidence about my exam now!
That is cool to study geology and other disciplines. I personally believe in the Noah's flood and the Bible. Scientists around the world has been confirming the Biblical flood with supercomputer models and with the Hydroplate theory, which rivals with this one of "millions of years" :P above described. The Bible stands alone. Also, you guys can check on you tube "Catastrophic Plate Tectonics - Key to Understanding the Genesis Flood, Dr. PhD John Baumgardne"
speaking for probably everybody that has a test tomorrow. you're awesome haha
I was learning exactly this in science class and woke up to this in the morning UA-cam how did you know?
One small error i found is that geologists don't believe that the mantle of the earth is molten rock but that the convection currents move by "plastic flow" similar to glacial ice but much slower still.
Excellent job of explaining in a way that is easy to understand. I don't think I've learned and retained so much from one video. Thank you very much for the informative demonstrations of how tectonics work.
He says that convection Surrey’s drive plate tectonics but it’s actually due to two main mechanisms:
1. Slab pull,
where the subduction gets oceanic plate pulls the rest f it below the continental crust.
2. Slab push,
Where an mid ocean ridge (MOR) splits the continents apart creating a space between them, this is what created the Atlantic Ocean.
If you actually read that thanks, but I’m literally just saying that the theories have been updated since 7 years ago as it is 2019.
Thedragon678786 Psn Isn’t it ridge push not slab push?
Watching this for a portion of my midterm tomorrow...12 hours of studying later...
The best description of Plate Tectonics.
Thanks a lot. Really helpfull video for understanding for people who study geology superficially
Thank you so much. This helped me understand plate tectonics a whole lot better.
i had an assignment on this stuff and this really helped! thank you so much!
Convection currents are not the main driving force of plate motion, its ridge push and slab pull.
Thanks so much!! I really appreciate your direct, sticking to facts, no nonsense way of describing it!
Thank you kind sir, I have a test on this in a few days and didn't feel the need to study
am i the only one who is here because of science class
YOUR NOT ALONE!!!
Haha I have an exam tomorrow on this :Z
Lol doing this for summer homework
I aced the exam! :D
nope. I have an exam tomorrow on this subject.
Greatly helpful. Clear and easy to understand. Good pace. Thank you for putting the vid and posting it.
Watching this 7 minutes before my test :)
I love Mr. Bozeman! Best teacher EVER!! 🤓💗
Excellent video. You made plate tectonics 10 times easier than my textbook does. Thank you!
This really saved me in science. I was watching the video not paying attention. Then got my questions and re watched all of it! 😂😂😂😂
excellent my son who is doin exams totally understands peace out
I never thought I would understand this in time for my Geography final! Thank you!! :D
I never new young Matt Damon had such a deep knowledge of Plate Tetonics
this is the reason I'm passing my exam today. THANK YOU.
Great explanation with clear graphics. Wonderful in helping my daughter understand 6th grade science.
he blinded me. with science!
Very clear lesson. It will help my Geography knowledge.
2021!!
Thank you! You made this so much easier to understand!
He is so smart and great at explaining things!! Dude my teacher made me watch this for HW!!
Mr Anderson, Heroes come in all shapes and forms
You explained to me in nine minutes what my turkish prof. tried to explain out of the textbook for a week. You deserve a handshake and a cold one, sir,
this is great! very helpful. i passed my geography final, just because of the video, thanks!
"so what causes that?"
"FIYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!!!!!!"
-Mr. Anderson
🤣🤣🤣
I love this presentation. Excellent teacher beyond all others
Mr. Andersen and plate tectonics, me two favourite things
OMG, he explain it soo clearly in the short 9 minutes, I'm super sure that it's gonna help me a lot in my science honor test tomorrow~
Great video helped me a lot u are a great UA-cam teacher :D
"Fiah, *chuckles*" Nice FX bro ;3
Very informative for my son. Thanks.
Great graphics, one of the better documentaries on the topic
This is so good! thanks for teaching me what my professor could not!
this was my favourite chapter while studying geography:-)
Dedication
a
Allegiances
Maps
Prologue
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Excerpt from Warriors #2: Fire and Ice
Back Ads
About the Author
Books by Erin Hunter
Credits
Copyright
About the Publisher
DEDICATION
For Billy-who left our Twoleg home to become a Warrior.
We still miss him very much.
And for Benjamin-his brother
who is with him now in StarClan.
Special thanks to Kate Cary
ALLEGIANCES
THUNDERCLAN
LEADER BLUESTAR-blue-gray she-cat, tinged with silver around her
muzzle
DEP UTY REDTAIL-small tortoiseshell tom with a distinctive ginger tail
APPRENTICE, DUSTPAW
MEDICINE
CAT
SPOTTEDLEAF-beautiful dark tortoiseshell she-cat with a
distinctive dappled coat
WARRIORS (toms, and she-cats without kits)
LIONHEART-magnificent golden tabby tom with thick fur like a
lion’s mane
APPRENTICE, GRAYPAW
TIGERCLAW-big dark brown tabby tom with unusually long
front claws
APPRENTICE, RAVENPAW
WHITESTORM-big white tom
APPRENTICE, SANDPAW
DARKSTRIPE-sleek black-and-gray tabby tom
LONGTAIL-pale tabby tom with dark black stripes
RUNNINGWIND-swift tabby tom
WILLOWPELT-very pale gray she-cat with unusual blue eyes
MOUSEFUR-small dusky brown she-cat
AP P RENTICES (more than six moons old, in training to become warriors)
DUSTPAW-dark brown tabby tom
GRAYPAW-long-haired solid gray tom
RAVENPAW-small, skinny black tom with a tiny white dash on
his chest, and white-tipped tail
SANDPAW-pale ginger she-cat
FIREPAW-handsome ginger tom
QUEENS (she-cats expecting or nursing kits)
FROSTFUR-beautiful white coat and blue eyes
BRINDLEFACE-pretty tabby
GOLDENFLOWER-pale ginger coat
SPECKLETAIL-pale tabby, and the oldest nursery queen
ELDERS (former warriors and queens, now retired)
HALFTAIL-big dark brown tabby tom with part of his tail
missing
SMALLEAR-gray tom with very small ears. The oldest tom in
ThunderClan
PATCHPELT-small black-and-white tom
ONE-EYE-pale gray she-cat, the oldest cat in ThunderClan.
Virtually blind and deaf
DAPPLETAIL-once-pretty tortoiseshell she-cat with a lovely
dappled coat
SHADOWCLAN
LEADER BROKENSTAR-long-haired dark brown tabby
DEP UTY BLACKFOOT-large white tom with huge jet-black paws
MEDICINE
CAT
RUNNINGNOSE-small gray-and-white tom
WARRIORS STUMPYTAIL-brown tabby tom
APPRENTICE, BROWNPAW
BOULDER-silver tabby tom
APPRENTICE, WETPAW
CLAWFACE-battle-scarred brown tom
APPRENTICE, LITTLEPAW
NIGHTPELT-black tom
QUEENS DAWNCLOUD-small tabby
BRIGHTFLOWER-black-and-white she-cat
ELDERS ASHFUR-thin gray tom
WINDCLAN
LEADER TALLSTAR-a black-and-white tom with a very long tail
RIVERCLAN
LEADER CROOKEDSTAR-a huge light-colored tabby with a twisted jaw
DEP UTY OAKHEART-a reddish brown tom
CATS OUTSIDE CLANS
YELLOWFANG-old dark gray she-cat with a broad, flattened face
SMUDGE-plump, friendly black-and-white kitten who lives in a
house at the edge of the forest
BARLEY-black-and-white tom who lives on a farm close to the
forest
MAPS
PROLOGUE
A half-moon glowed on smooth granite boulders, turning them
silver. The silence was broken only by the ripple of water from the
swift black river and the whisper of trees in the forest beyond.
There was a stirring in the shadows, and from all around lithe
dark shapes crept stealthily over the rocks. Unsheathed claws
glinted in the moonlight. Wary eyes flashed like amber. And then,
as if on a silent signal, the creatures leaped at each other, and
suddenly the rocks were alive with wrestling, screeching cats.
At the center of the frenzy of fur and claws, a massive dark
tabby pinned a bracken-colored tom to the ground and drew up his
head triumphantly. “Oakheart!” the tabby growled. “How dare
you hunt in our territory? The Sunningrocks belong to
ThunderClan!”
“After tonight, Tigerclaw, this will be just another RiverClan
hunting ground!” the bracken-colored tom spat back.
A warning yowl came from the shore, shrill and anxious. “Look
out! More RiverClan warriors are coming!”
Tigerclaw turned to see sleek wet bodies sliding out of the
water below the rocks. The drenched RiverClan warriors bounded
silently up the shore and hurled themselves into battle without
even stopping to shake the water from their fur.
The dark tabby glared down at Oakheart. “You may swim like
otters, but you and your warriors do not belong in this forest!” He
drew back his lips and showed his teeth as the cat struggled
beneath him.
The desperate scream of a ThunderClan she-cat rose above the
clamor. A wiry RiverClan tom had pinned the brown warrior flat
on her belly. Now he lunged toward her neck with jaws still
dripping from his swim across the river.
Tigerclaw heard the cry and let go of Oakheart. With a mighty
leap, he knocked the enemy warrior away from the she-cat.
“Quick, Mousefur, run!” he ordered, before turning on the
RiverClan tom who had threatened her. Mousefur scrambled to her
paws, wincing from a deep gash on her shoulder, and raced away.
Behind her, Tigerclaw spat with rage as the RiverClan tom
sliced open his nose. Blood blinded him for an instant, but he
lunged forward regardless and sank his teeth into the hind leg of his
enemy. The RiverClan cat squealed and struggled free.
“Tigerclaw!” The yowl came from a warrior with a tail as red as
fox fur. “This is useless! There are too many RiverClan warriors!”
“No, Redtail. ThunderClan will never be beaten!” Tigerclaw
yowled back, leaping to Redtail’s side. “This is our territory!”
Blood was welling around his broad black muzzle, and he shook his
head impatiently, scattering scarlet drops onto the rocks.
“ThunderClan will honor your courage, Tigerclaw, but we
cannot afford to lose any more of our warriors,” Redtail urged.
“Bluestar would never expect her warriors to fight against these
impossible odds. We will have another chance to avenge this
defeat.” He met Tigerclaw’s amber-eyed gaze steadily, then reared
away and sprang onto a boulder at the edge of the trees.
“Retreat, ThunderClan! Retreat!” he yowled. At once his
warriors squirmed and struggled away from their opponents.
Spitting and snarling, they backed toward Redtail. For a heartbeat,
the RiverClan cats looked confused. Was this battle so easily won?
Then Oakheart yowled a jubilant cry. As soon as they heard him,
the RiverClan warriors raised their voices and joined their deputy
in caterwauling their victory.
Redtail looked down at his warriors. With a flick of his tail, he
gave the signal and the ThunderClan cats dived down the far side of
the Sunningrocks, then disappeared into the trees.
Tigerclaw followed last. He hesitated at the edge of the forest
and glanced back at the bloodstained battlefield. His face was grim,
his eyes furious slits. Then he leaped after his Clan into the silent
forest.
In a deserted clearing, an old gray she-cat sat alone, staring up
at the clear night sky. All around her in the shadows she could hear
the breathing and stirrings of sleeping cats.
A small tortoiseshell she-cat emerged from a dark corner, her
pawsteps quick and soundless.
The gray cat dipped her head in greeting. “How is Mousefur?”
she meowed.
“Her wounds are deep, Bluestar,” answered the tortoiseshell,
settling herself on the night-cool grass. “But she is young and
strong; she will heal quickly.”
“And the others?”
“They will all recover, too.”
Bluestar sighed. “We are lucky not to have lost any of our
warriors this time. You are a gifted medicine cat, Spottedleaf.” She
tilted her head again and studied the stars. “I am deeply troubled
by tonight’s defeat. ThunderClan has not been beaten in its own
territory since I became leader,” she murmured. “These are difficult
times for our Clan. The season of newleaf is late, and there have
been fewer kits. ThunderClan needs more warriors if it is to
survive.”
“But the year is only just beginning,” Spottedleaf pointed out
calmly. “There will be more kits when greenleaf comes.”
The gray cat twitched her broad shoulders. “Perhaps. But
training our young to become warriors takes time. If ThunderClan
is to defend its territory, it must have new warriors as soon as
possible.”
“Are you asking StarClan for answers?” meowed Spottedleaf
gently, following Bluestar’s gaze and staring up at the swath of
stars glittering in the dark sky.
“It is at times like this we need the words of ancient warriors
to help us. Has StarClan spoken to you?” Bluestar asked.
“Not for some moons, Bluestar.”
Suddenly a shooting star blazed over the treetops.
Spottedleaf’s tail twitched and the fur along her spine bristled.
Bluestar’s ears pricked but she remained silent as Spottedleaf
continued to gaze upward.
After a few moments, Spottedleaf lowered her head and turned
to Bluestar. “It was a message from StarClan,” she murmured. A
distant look came into her eyes. “Fire alone can save our Clan.”
“Fire?” Bluestar echoed. “But fire is feared by all the Clans!
How can it save us?”
Spottedleaf shook her head. “I do not know,” she admitted.
“But this is the message StarClan has chosen to share with me.”
The ThunderClan leader fixed her clear blue eyes on the
medicine cat. “You have never been wrong before, Spottedleaf,” she
meowed. “If StarClan has spoken, then it must be so. Fire will save
our Clan.”
Great video until 8:10 .... several major inaccuracies here:
1 - the mantle is NOT magma (molten rock), it is solid rock; the magma on the diagram is the little red spots under the plate boundaries
2 - convection currents in the mantle do NOT move the plates; on the contrary, it is the plates sinking under the force of gravity that drives mantle convection
3 - a hotspot is not "an area where magma comes close to the crust" (this sentence doesn't actually make sense); a hotspot is the surface expression of a mantle plume - a narrow area of hot, solid mantle rock flowing up from deep within the mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary.
Hope this helps!
Thank you so much.
Thank you so much. You made it so easy to understand.
+Vsevolod koudriavtsev you are actually the first person on UA-cam who was actually respectful of someone else's religious beliefs. Respectfully disagreeing, most youtuber's can't do that. I don't know why I can't believe in God and Big Bang and evolution. The Catholic Church actually supports these theories as possibilities. I hate how some people associate religion with ignorance to science
I DONT UNDERSTAND, I NEED HELP SCIENCE TEACHER
planning to show this to some grade 6 kids in science class...thanks so much!
This is literally the best explanation! I was struggling with understanding this concept and you made it so I could grasp it easily! Thanks for helping me not fail! (:
OOOOOOOMG...Thank You soooooo much , SOO helpful..put more videos on..;D U are very smart :D
Surprisingly high quality for a 10 year old video..Welp yea I'm here for class :P
It would be even higher but yt downgrades the quality of videos over time
VERY helpful! Thank you!
thank u for the clear explanation of this video u made me get a A+ because u explained everything Wonderful i was astonished.
This guy is the chad alpha version of John and Hank Green.
Proper bone structure 👌
Amazing explanation
Excellent video! Thank you.
Thanks so much! This was really clear and well laid out!!!!
Thanks for explaining all the terms I couldnt rap my head around before :)
Awesome work: you're able to explain quite complicated topic. It's useful both for teaching geography and English too.
Best video on the topic imo.
it's more than brief !! As far as my country is concerned, it is explicit enough to enter National Taiwan University, which is the most reputable university.
THANKS A LOT !
Great video and thoroughly explained!
your last word explains it all, "Helpful"
Thanks for explanation)
you didn't really say what happens when ridges form on land. so does it get filled up with molten material and form mountains just like the mid ocean ridges or does it just become this huge crack? LOVED THE VIDEO BY THE WAY ♥️
On land you get rift valleys forming as the lithosphere is extended and stretched and blocks of rock drop down along fault lines to create valleys. Eventually the valley is filled with water (since its a low area) and a new ocean starts to form. Hope this helps!
@@HafsaBobat yes that’s right. It’s called continental rift. But everything has a life cycle. Eventually oceans close up, continents meet and build mountains. A good example of oceans closing up and mountain buildings are the Tethys sea and the Himalayan mountains. A good example of an ocean being created in the continental rift forming Africa
TOO MUCH SCIENCE MY HEADS GONNA EXPLODE
haha lel
me too i have a test tommorow
Thanks a lot sir.
shoutout to mr. hardman helping me pass the test with this vid even tho I never payed attention!
This was perfect! Lots of info without being too technical, it's just what we were looking for to add to our 6th grade lesson. Thanks SO much! Take good care of you and yours.
Nice explanations....up until the end (!?!)
1. Earth's convecting interior is NOT magma. It is solid rock. (S wave earthquake vibrations go through this area and they only go through solids.)
2. Hawaii IS a hot spot. That phrase means " a place with a massive amount of lava." Hot spots form on top of mantle plumes. That's the correct term for what's happening inside of Earth.
Hope this prevents confusion.
Thank you very much. i found it
very interesting
i wish you were my teacher for my oceanography class. :/ you make this material much more understandable!
Definitely recommend this video! Really easy to understand 😄
I thought that the plates on the San Andreas fault aren't moving in opposite directions, they are moving in the same direction, just at different speeds.
Thanks for this! Really helpful!!
Bozeman you are an absolute legend
Thank you.. it's helped and easy to understand
THANK YOU! This was sooooo helpful! It was very clear and had tons of information! I have to do an essay on plate tectonics for school and this was a HUGE help! Thanks so much! :>
Excellent Explanation
wow thats really hepful to know thanks for saving me my test
omg......this is amazing!!!!!!!!! I mean this is the perfect example of teaching in a precise and interesting way......the way it has set up in my mind.....i doubt about the fact that i may forget. Thank you so much for your guidance
Awesome channel, never stop teaching, you deserve more subs!
:)
great video, some inaccuracies, but still really great. an educational tool for sure. these inaccuracies can be the source of learning discussion! thanks!!!!
Thank god i found this i didn't listen to my teacher...all i heard was There is gonna be a test tomorrow about Plate Tectonics i said WHAT?!?! When i got home i quickly got my laptop and lookup Plate tectonics.
i think you are a really good teacher
like
When checking the World map it looks as though the combined length of the subduction zones is less than half the combined length of the spreading ridges. This should mean that the seafloor is being subducted more than twice as fast as it is coming out from the spreading ridges. It then surprises me a lot that the subduction zones aren't even interconnected like the spreading ridges -- because parts of the seafloor should be breaking up and make a mess around the edges of the subduction zones. No such mess is drawn on the map. I wonder why.
you are right, sudbuction theory is not possible!! as simple is that! it just doesn´t make sense if you go into detail about this topic! so there have to be another explanation, even if it sounds weird it has to be the expanding theory. this just explains reasonable the whole process and it gives us an answer to the future.. best prove is the pacific ocean which was created in the last 200million years because of the fire ring which is the strongest part of the seafloor ridge system around the planet. this would also mean earth was 200mill years ago half of the mass of today, the atmosphere was turned around everything was big, giants, as it stretched it become thinner and finer but at one point earths rotation and mass should stop this process, we probably reached already this point.. but from here on scientist need to overtake this work..
Thank you so so much for this informative and easy-to-understand video ^_^
Excellent summary!
Really Like it !!!
Very helpful
I've got a test tomorrow on plate tectonics and rock cycle hope I get an 80!
Thank you for this video! My alevel exam is on Monday!
I might actually pass my test now. Thank you. I had no idea it was THAT simple.
It helped me study thank you