A look at the biggest cities over the ages, starting from 1 CE up to modern day... and beyond. Support me on patreon at: / atlaspro Music by www.bensound.com
@@arjunsatheesh7609 Honestly I still cant truly picture the steppe mongols on horsebacks and levied cheap infantry trying to penetrate the dense and thick flora of India defended by Elephants and massive amounts of indian citizens. What a time it was; and how ridiculous the situation mustve seemed to the poor indian populus...greeks; chinese; islamization, and then mongols...they mustve really been sick of random armies showing up on their doorstep being like "ayyy we will just *try* and basically send massive amount of troops into your general area until you belong to us xD"
@@EinFelsbrocken Well Indian culture has benefitted from the mixing but somewhere along the way it became stagnant. It would be wonderful to be able to see what all that was like, when it happened.
I don't think he knows that Tokyo is still growing in population contrary to their national trend and that their birth rate has gone up significantly and may or may not continue to improve.
@@ArmyRangerSJ stop talking about tokyo anymore. it's not the biggest city in the world. when we saying 25-30million people of tokyo, it refers to the great tokyo area. this area included 5-10 cities together. it's not a single one.
imagine if you could visit cities like Babylon, Athens, Carthage, Tyros, Alexandria, Rome, Constantinople/Istanbul, Venice or Technotitlan in their prime...
@@skysthelimitvideos I don't think it's so much the population size that this comment was based on. I would love to have been able to experience places like Babylon, Alexandria, Athens & Carthage during the times they were at the peak of their powers and thriving.
It is beyond scary. As of right now, agriculture and farming can barely sustain what we have. Either a miracle comes along or you better get ready to start eating crickets instead of bread.
If that's using the current estimate, it's going to change. As India and Africa become a lot more modernized and expensive people will no longer feel the need to have 10 children per family.
I was at first too, but then I thought about it and I think at a size between 1-2 million, a city might become untraversable by foot. For more people to be able to live and work in a city then, better forms of living (multi-story homes) and transportation (cars) would be necessary. So cities could only grow up to a certain size before hurting it's own functionality. Britain was really the first country to industrialize and therefore was the first to gain the technologies to allow cities to grow bigger. At least that's my thoughts.
@@AtlasPro1 That makes sense. Technology had to catch up. Just like more efficient trains and other forms of public transport will adapt as cities get bigger too
@@buffalospringfield1109 You could have guessed about 4 different English speaking countries and you would have been correct, but the USA is incorrect my friend.
@@theindianagenda5819 No there isn't, the American continent has a billion people and Europe has 750 million, India has about 1.35 billion, which is less than America and Europe combined, unless you are talking about the USA and Europe combined, than that's true.
I am sorry, by the American continent i wanted to say North America which has 579 million people whereas Europe has 741 million people which is 1.320 billion whereas India has a population of 1.33 billion people.
Alexander Sullivan it honestly depends on how well managed and designed it is, I mean Tokyo runs perfectly fine even though it’s metropolitan area has a population of 30 million, so it isn’t that inconceivable that a Tokyo-like city with 100 million people, only roughly 3 times the current population of the Tokyo metropolitan area, would run decently and be comfortable to live in.
@@Volodimar That is a horrible idea. In order to decrease the ecological footprint of humanity, denser cities are needed until we reach the point where the global population starts to decline. The expected decline is still quite far off, and in order to feed the estimated peak population of humanity, we need every piece of arable land available to us.
@@MrAntice I think Singapore is having the right idea. The city is densely populated but about half of the area needs to be parcs or some kind of green spaces.
@@SoLazy100 Singapore have planned their future exceptionally well, even down to vertical farming labs and other such technological projects to help make the best use of the space available, as well as gaining space via land reclamation.
God, growing up in the early 00s I felt like such a weirdo for playing games like Civilization 2 and caring about stuff like historical populations, demographics, and cities and movement of peoples etc. Thank god for UA-cam and content like this! It's awesome, and also quite reassuring to know that plenty of other geography/history nerds exist. It's important!
Another excellent video! Some nit-picky things though. The capital of the Western Empire was Mediolanum before it got moved to Ravenna. Diocletian didn't make Constantinople the capital of the East, he chose Nicomedia; it was Constantine that moved the capital to Constantinople. And finally, at 3:30 the picture you chose for the Siege of Baghdad in 1258 is actually the Siege of Constantinople in 1453. But that aside, fantastic work!
Haha thanks, I knew about the Mediolanum one, but I couldn't remember the name, so I decided to simplify. And yeah, there were no real pictures I could find for the siege of Baghdad, so I had to make due :P Thanks for watching!
@@AtlasPro1 Also one thing other, the high middle ages were the 1100s, the dark ages came 200 years later than you say. I know, it doesn't really change anything, and it's really nitpicky, but that all aside, this is the first of this kind I watched and it blew my mind, awesome job.
Just a nitpick on your nitpick. Constantine didn't move the capital to Constantinople. He moved the capital to Byzantium and then he renamed it to Constantinople.
back in the day (in a loose sense) China is structured very much like modern day Europe, with different regions having their "own thing" going on, and often when one nation state has power, it's origin city becomes the "capital". so it isn't really the same group of chinese going back and forth, but more like there has always been multiple capitals, corresponding to each different regional power, and they shifts.
@@AllCatsAreBlack for most cities the issue of relative sea level rise has to do with both the land itself sinking and the sea rising. The reason we have so many ruins of cities underwater (specifically in the Mediterranean) is because the land can sink. Source: first year geography class.
"And China was engaged in a large amount of internal conflicts" You're telling me there was a time when they WEREN'T engaged in a large amount of internal conflicts?
Just found your channel. (The rare earth vid. oc) And I have to say: Excellent! Hang in there. I think you will grow to over 100 000 by the end of this year! At least you would deserve it. Quality channels are so rare, and I am always happy and excited if I find a new one! Great topics!
He's at 105 K at the time my writing; 4th of March 2019. I think the UA-cam algorithms found the channel. Got multiple videos from it in my recommendations anyhow.
@@howtubeable atleast say sub sahara this is insulting to me, its like saying europe is shit and worst continent to live in because ukraine is not that good
Only the russians, capable of using the winter to their advantage, could stop them. But when the world needed them the most, they were defeated. Some hundreds of years passed, and my brother and I discovered a new leader, a glorious man named Stalin. And although his leading charisma is great, he has a lot to learn before he's ready to save anyone. But I believe Stalin can save Russia.
@@squillamsquallace2468 What are you talking? Me? I-investing in Southern Kalimdor?!? N-no, no, you must be delusional, its probably all that A-azerite you've been smoking... Yes! Yes! Its the Azerite, yes, there are no Pandaren C-colonies in Southern Kalimdor.
You have missed Angkor Wat, which was the biggest city outside of Middle East during the Middle Ages and also Aztecs capital in today’s Mexico City just before the European conquest which is believed to be the largest city world at that time.
Africa historically has been a very thinly populated place. Most great empires of history have surpassed by far it's population. (Rome, China, India historically had a much greater gap).
Come on, I was waiting for you to mention Hampi (Vijayanagar) and go a bit into Indian history. Great video tho, it's really interesting how you put each city in the context of its history.
There were multiple great cities in India at any point in time. Therefore none grew to be biggest in the world. India's population is evenly distributed unlike china or middle East
@@skagereistad7771 In the last few decades the cities keep changing position and the way to measure keep changing, Mexico city for sure was in the talks to be the biggest city depending on the metric used in some points of the last 30 years, as was New York, and of course Tokyo, and now São Paulo and some Chinese cities are in the fight as well.
Maxence, I thought so too, but really don't know where I heard it from. One possibility is that the whole population of the Valley of Mexico was bigger than any single city elsewhere? Or maybe that Tenochtitlan was bigger than any European city but, still eclipsed by Baghdad or one of the Chinese cities? Or maybe we just heard wrong! At any rate, I was a little disappointed not to see Tenochtitlan here.
@Mason Freer Thanks to new LIDAR technology massive cities and ruins have been discovered in Central America and it is now estimated that the Maya megalopolis of El Mirador was home to at least 1,000,000 and could have housed upwards of a shocking 5 million people around the time Rome was being repeatedly sacked and declining (the region was home to 15 million)... it would have easily been the largest city on earth.
@@olbiomoiros Then maybe it's time the UN actually did something and help fund Urban Planners to help them out. We're all in this world together, after all, so it's success could be beneficial. Not that politics will let it happen, wishful thinking.
@@Regard1ess Not talking about China clearly because China don't allow slum using the huko system. I am talking about those Indian and especially African cities that cannot even handle their current population
I would have stopped after the current date with a prediction of the next 20 or 30 years. The later projections are extremely unrealistic. Not every city can sustain its current growth rate. Especially places like Kabul (projected place 10 in 2100) will never have enough water for 50 Million people.
Obviously This projections are based on the "CURRENT GROWTH" rate . Any political/economical / climatic situation can change it from fastest growing city to a dead city
You're right. How should a fucking Kongolesian jungle or a Taliban hole become such large population centres? You first of all need an actual government for that
That's a big problem in a lot of thinking, trying to mirror image the past on to the future. If you look at population growth projections from 1960s and 70s, some of them were very dire and would have us in a depopulation phase after a Malthusian crash. There were unforeseen agricultural innovations and overall enough improvement in human rights in the third world to keep the "population bomb" from exploding. We are facing a lot of scenarios in the next fifty years were human population could radically boom or bust, including scenarios were ranging from the singularity and the uplift of humanity to extinction.
I can't say the say the same for most like Kabul which gets it almost exclusively from Euphrates and Tigris which is also shared all the way to Turkey. Water is literally more expensive than oil is in the middle east. Most modern Metropolises get their water and other needs, by getting it from somewhere through the wonders of modern water engineering and pipes plus diplomacy if its from another country. I live in Metro Manila, Philippines the most densely populated city on Earth and 0 potable water to be found in this concrete jungle. I can never forget the figure as it's always studied in our Hydrology Engineering course, 96% of the city's water needs is supplied by Angat dam up north in Bulacan province that has also rapidly urbanized. Singapore on the other hand gets most of its water from Malaysia. Conflicts over water will be inevitable in the future as conflicts over oil currently are.
Almost immediately, the “myth” that sharks can’t stop swimming or they die isn’t a myth. Many species of shark need to continue moving for water to enter the gills or else they’ll asphyxiate
Just found your channel(ocean desert one) and you should definitely keep uploading as i'm sure your channel will grow. It must be hard standing out from the crowd in the educational space on UA-cam but you seem to have more potential than your sub count may tell. Keep up the great videos!
Funny thing is 300 years ago #Bombay was just a collection of 6-7 islands. Then the British received the island as #dowry from the Portuguese and through land reclamation projects changed the face of the land.
Mumbai has stopped reclaiming lands. Mumbai's growth has stagnated. Navi Mumbai is growing which is technically not Mumbai. Similarly, half of the so called Delhi population is from nearby sister cities (like new jersey and new york) of Gurgaon, Faridabad and Noida. So technically, no indian city will be in top 10 in future, nor is it now.
I think it's worth noting that even as Japan's population has shrunk, Tokyo has continued to grow, as there's a lot of people from the rest of the country moving to Tokyo (leaving many abandoned rural areas, where that shrinking population actually shows itself - not in Tokyo)
@@swedneck Buddy...thats fish.He mentioned Sharks.Sharks dont have these mechanisms.Sharks need to swim forward in order for water to pass trough their gills.
Not all sharks have to swim to breathe..makos and great whites..yes they have to swim..but nurse sharks dont..they can rest on the sea floor..by forcing water through their gills.
@@prizmprizn Ur Right Bullhead and Nurse Sharks dont need to swim in order to breath.But these are the only sharks that use Buccal Bumping.All other Sharks need to swim in order to get water through their gills.
Just wondering how the predictions for 2075 and 2100 were calculated? Like Khartoum only has 5 million people and is in a country that barely has a government. Sure it's got a lot of potential, but that's a huge jump to being the 6th largest city in the world.
they go by straight population growth , which is fairly accurate as we know the general trend, and old people can be estimated by current amount of young people and the life expectancy. of course they dont ask how those people will be supported by a inept government and ignore any possibility of disasters whether man made or otherwise.
Well unless something happens most of us will probably live to see 2075 so we can use this as a reference point and see what became of it then. (why am I suddenly terrified about the thought or making it to 2075)
I recall a middle school history teacher telling us that during the Renaissance in Europe, the largest city in the world was Tenochtitlan. I’m sure this was an example of Asian erasure and that Beijing was in fact the biggest at the time, as stated. However, I’m still curious how the largest meso-American cities compared.
8:15 that surprised me to see São Paulo ranking the 2nd place in the ranking due to urban area, I mean, I know that my city is huge, but that was kind of mind blowing
Chongqing is pronounced "Chongching", other than that, pretty good video. If you want a super quick guide to reading Chinese sibilant sounds just remember: C = ts Z = dz X = sh Q = ch Zh = j Its actually quite a bit more complicated than that, but if you do this and pronounce the other consonants the same as in English, you should be close enough for most purposes.
@@AtlasPro1 The Sh, Ch, and Zh sounds are pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up against the roof of the mouth. The X, Q, and J sounds are pronounced with the tongue body moved forward against the gum ridge, near where the tongue tip would be in the English sounds. These are apparently 6 distinct phonemes in Mandarin phonology, though I, and presumably most native Anglophones, can't really hear any difference.
@@ruedelta Hm the way I heard it when living there, "Q" like in "Qing" is much closer to "ch" than "ts". It's more like "tsh", hard to describe with English letters. But you'll sound more understandable to a Chinese person if you make it sound closer to "ch". In my experience at least. The difference between "Q" and "Ch" in sound is hard to hear for a native English speaker, it took me a while to get it. It's pretty subtle, and given the context of what you're saying in a sentence the person you're speaking to will almost always understand.
@@dayvancubensis Really the vowel combinations of those two sounds are the big difference. There isn't a 'chi' to match 'qi', while 'chu' and 'qu' are very different. Looking back at what I had said, yeah it's not that accurate. The sound just doesn't really exist in the daily life of an Anglophone.
I cannot immagine how people can live in million strong cities. I would go insane! I live on the countryside, just on the edge of the 25k strong town and i already think that is enough of 'city experience' for me.
As soon as everything goes stable in the middle east, syria and iraq are expected to become huge population centers by 2100. Let's hope that time arrives soon!
Watching these videos shows how much things change over time, so I'm sure it will be stable and booming again. Unless climate change makes the area uninhabitable...
I just discovered your channel and am enjoying your videos. FWIW, though, I think the 'flash-text' distracts more than it adds (_especially_ when it's down at the bottom of the screen where the controls cover it up).
what a miserable existence it would be to live in a city of 58 million. You could live your entire live and never see nature, just the sterile and dehumanizing sprawl.
@@norgepalm7315 I mean, wearing clothes is pretty unnatural and weird too, but you don't see me complaining about it. If you don't like parks, fine. But don't pretend everyone feels stifled by city life and wants to return to the days of working the fields.
Actually, you can expect China and Japan to remain on top for a while, due to infrastructure projects connecting massive cities, enough interaction to consider them one metropolitan area, with the pearl river bay area (made of Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Macao, Hong Kong) at 70 million people, while the Central Japan Area (I have no idea how to call it. It's made of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka) of 73 million people.
not when indiA and china become powerful enough to kick western imperialist out of asia . if westerner gets out of asia then asia will become stablw whil unstability will move to europe.
3:10 minor nitpick, the term "Dark Ages" used to refer to the earlier half of Medieval period (c. 500 - 900s), but is largely no longer in use in academic circles because it's a misleading term.
Excellent work, I'm 52 years old and you made me learn somenthing, I have been wrong almost all my life long. Everybody in Spain believe that Córdoba 5Cordova) was the most populated city in the the world in the IX century. It was the biggest in Europe at that time but Baghda was twice its size. When I see your video I tought you were wrong but I did my investigation and you're right.
I'm pretty sure what you descripe at around 1:00 is what Constantin did roughly 50 years later, Diocletian devided the empire into 4 sectors before this idea got thrown over later. Great video!
BTW Nanjing means Southern Capital and Beijing means Northern Capital, Chang'an is now called Xi'an or in the past Xijing which means Western Capital. Basically these biggest cities in China were capital cities There was also an Eastern Capital but it wasn't as big. Jing in Chinese is a way to say capital. The kanji for Tokyo in Japan is Eastern Capital, same characters as the Chinese, but that is just the Japanese Eastern Capital.
Among the Chinese, there's something they call "The Seven Ancient Capitals"--the capital cities of their biggest dynasties. All of these cities had the character 京 in their names, "jing," which means "capital" in Chinese. Beijing (北京) and Nanjing (南京) are called "northern" and "southern" capitals because they are the last two cities among "The Seven Ancient Capitals". They thus got stuck with the character for "capital" in their modern names.
I find this very interesting to watch! So kudos on that! What I'd like to see in the future, or what I think would be cool, is biggest US Cities over time (less timeline though, I know) and maybe even (this seems random, but) the biggest US state capital cities over time. Because I've always been interested in that, and I can't ever find any solid info on it. My guess is it was briefly Philadelphia until it was no longer the capital of PA, then switched to Boston for a LONG time, maybe briefly Indianapolis, then now Phoenix for a while. But maybe there's something I'm missing and it would be interesting to know. And are most states' capitals not their biggest city? :P
I remember reading in National Geographic (many years ago) that Cordoba in present day Spain was one of the largest cities in the world during the golden years of Moorish rule at around 1000 CE.
vivek sharma Mumbai will be on top in future but will be left behind by African cities. Lagos having 90 million people in future. This is the prime limit of human urbanization
I can certainly imagine within a couple hundred years, once we've mastered urbanized agriculture (i.e. vertical farms, cultured meats, etc), that 90-95% of humanity could be living in cities, while much of the no-longer needed farmland across the world undergoes rewilding efforts
I've always been a big lover of history but, this video really shows how much the world has changed just in the past 2000 years... And how much that has accelerated in just the 100
Largest mountain ranges/largest volcanoes!! If you look it up, 7 of the 10 largest ranges are really just the Himalayas, so not really that interesting until #8.
Nice video! Perhaps, "The Most Dense Cities" next?! Pretty sure, Singapore would be top 20. I feel like a canned sardine while in the train these days!
If you've ever been to Tokyo or Hong Kong, you know how crowded cities can become. Seeing projections of more than double of Tokyo's population are basically impossible to fathom.
I live in the city of Budapest which is around 2 million. It's pretty nifty if you're in a suburban area but I hate the downtown. It's just too dense and smelly. Can't imagine what living downtown Lagos in 2100, a population of 88 mil, would be like.
we just need a new spanish influenza or black plague, only longer lasting and faster at killing, so vaccines are not developed as quickly. Oh, and continue trusting antivaxxers to do their job in densley populated areas, i guess?
Hey, I love these videos, but if I could help you with your Chinese pronunciation a little: x makes the sh sound (not a soft j sound) a is always like the o in Bob e is like the u in uncle. q makes the ch sound. i makes the long ee sound. No part of the Chinese language has a soft j sound like garage or the french name Jaques, so Beijing has a hard J like the word “just". A couple other comments have gone into more detail, but I think this would keep it easy enough for any westerner to easily pronounce proper names in Chinese.
Excellent effort - it is clear you put in a lot work in these videos. You will have more credibility and accuracy if you accurately incorporate all the historical civilizations of India in your videos. Good luck - keep pushing!
Worst line for biggest city title holder - ''Then mongols invaded"
or "thank you for accumulating so much wealth, mongolia will see you now."
b. griffin and look at Mongolia now...
@@sashingopaul3111 robbery isn't a very effective means of long-term prosperity. production beats consumption.
tell that to the soviet union lmaooo
now if you think about why rome fall is because of the mongols also for driving out the gaulic tribes out of gaul to rome... so mongols again...
Large City: *exists*
Mongols: 😈
mongols left delhi .it was top 3 biggest city
@@ayushkumar-bg1xf Mongols took Kashmir and kept attacking the Delhi Sultanate but were always defeated. They probably were engaged elsewhere.
@@arjunsatheesh7609 Honestly I still cant truly picture the steppe mongols on horsebacks and levied cheap infantry trying to penetrate the dense and thick flora of India defended by Elephants and massive amounts of indian citizens. What a time it was; and how ridiculous the situation mustve seemed to the poor indian populus...greeks; chinese; islamization, and then mongols...they mustve really been sick of random armies showing up on their doorstep being like "ayyy we will just *try* and basically send massive amount of troops into your general area until you belong to us xD"
@@EinFelsbrocken Well Indian culture has benefitted from the mixing but somewhere along the way it became stagnant.
It would be wonderful to be able to see what all that was like, when it happened.
Also mongols : *died in a tornado*
Summary of this video: And then China moved its capital
that's what happens when china keeps breaking
Can you make a religion out of this?
Adam Duerwachter “Wait no, don’t.”
I don't think he knows that Tokyo is still growing in population contrary to their national trend and that their birth rate has gone up significantly and may or may not continue to improve.
@@ArmyRangerSJ stop talking about tokyo anymore. it's not the biggest city in the world. when we saying 25-30million people of tokyo, it refers to the great tokyo area. this area included 5-10 cities together. it's not a single one.
imagine if you could visit cities like Babylon, Athens, Carthage, Tyros, Alexandria, Rome, Constantinople/Istanbul, Venice or Technotitlan in their prime...
Fun Fact: Rome in its “prime” had a smaller population then Rome today by about a million people.
@@skysthelimitvideos Pretty sure Istanbul or Mexico (Technotitlan) today is bigger than the historical prime too.
lol venice is such a horrible place to visit now, tourist trap & no where near its true former glory of maritime international commerce power
@@skysthelimitvideos I don't think it's so much the population size that this comment was based on. I would love to have been able to experience places like Babylon, Alexandria, Athens & Carthage during the times they were at the peak of their powers and thriving.
If by "prime" you mean when they were the most populous ones, you can visit Tokyo now.
Your channel is on the verge of verge of blowing up!
*On the verge of the verge of blowing up
@Provocateur Australia couldn't defend themselves with machine guns against Emus, so it's all good
but don't build a PC like the verge
Okey
time to prepare for Audible and Sharespace or whatever to be added on his videos!
The numbers on the future predictions gave me anxiety.
It is beyond scary. As of right now, agriculture and farming can barely sustain what we have. Either a miracle comes along or you better get ready to start eating crickets instead of bread.
don't worry, we will all be dead by then
The thing is though people typically have less children when they live in cities so these numbers might not happen
If that's using the current estimate, it's going to change. As India and Africa become a lot more modernized and expensive people will no longer feel the need to have 10 children per family.
@@RadenWA Exactly 👍
In civilization III the growth of the cities is limited to around one million until the industrial age. Now I start to fully appreciate that realism.
Would've been cooler if it could reach higher but it was very unlikely.
Unless you have the Shakespeare theatre.
But again, the Shakespeare theatre was on London, so yeah.
Unless you have good ol' Shakespeare for some reason 😂
I'm surprised how long it took cities to go from 1 million to 2 million people.
I was at first too, but then I thought about it and I think at a size between 1-2 million, a city might become untraversable by foot. For more people to be able to live and work in a city then, better forms of living (multi-story homes) and transportation (cars) would be necessary. So cities could only grow up to a certain size before hurting it's own functionality. Britain was really the first country to industrialize and therefore was the first to gain the technologies to allow cities to grow bigger. At least that's my thoughts.
Disease makes large concentrations of people difficult and deadly, esp before we learned modern medicine.
its the difference between 5 million and 10 million ( sydney v new york)
@@AtlasPro1 That makes sense. Technology had to catch up. Just like more efficient trains and other forms of public transport will adapt as cities get bigger too
well in 1950-1955, China made it in just 5 years.
I get so sad when the new largest city has less than the previous one.
@Provocateur This comment sounds suspiciously Russian
@@buffalospringfield1109 You could have guessed about 4 different English speaking countries and you would have been correct, but the USA is incorrect my friend.
we are alike
@@mattnorris7124 I'm guessing Canada?
@Grant C. and you're just gonna casually ignore the anti-vax movements in 1st world countries, right?
Damn, there are more people living in Beijing than there are in all of Australia ...
@Provocateur ??
Yeah and there are more people living in India than all of America and Europe combined.
@@theindianagenda5819 No there isn't, the American continent has a billion people and Europe has 750 million, India has about 1.35 billion, which is less than America and Europe combined, unless you are talking about the USA and Europe combined, than that's true.
I am sorry, by the American continent i wanted to say North America which has 579 million people whereas Europe has 741 million people which is 1.320 billion whereas India has a population of 1.33 billion people.
Oooooo trendy replies ooooooo ahhhhh
Oh god, cities with almost 100 mil population, that would be terrible to live in
Alexander Sullivan it honestly depends on how well managed and designed it is, I mean Tokyo runs perfectly fine even though it’s metropolitan area has a population of 30 million, so it isn’t that inconceivable that a Tokyo-like city with 100 million people, only roughly 3 times the current population of the Tokyo metropolitan area, would run decently and be comfortable to live in.
I hope humanity will drive into decentralization, future cities will be more like Los-Angeles rather then Tokyo.
@@Volodimar That is a horrible idea. In order to decrease the ecological footprint of humanity, denser cities are needed until we reach the point where the global population starts to decline. The expected decline is still quite far off, and in order to feed the estimated peak population of humanity, we need every piece of arable land available to us.
@@MrAntice I think Singapore is having the right idea. The city is densely populated but about half of the area needs to be parcs or some kind of green spaces.
@@SoLazy100 Singapore have planned their future exceptionally well, even down to vertical farming labs and other such technological projects to help make the best use of the space available, as well as gaining space via land reclamation.
God, growing up in the early 00s I felt like such a weirdo for playing games like Civilization 2 and caring about stuff like historical populations, demographics, and cities and movement of peoples etc. Thank god for UA-cam and content like this! It's awesome, and also quite reassuring to know that plenty of other geography/history nerds exist. It's important!
It is indeed.
3:16 "Making Baghdad and the rest of the middle east one of the most stable civilization to be in at the time"
This statement is reversed nowadays.
Yeah, mostly due to european imperialism
Thank America bringing it some freedom.
yeah the west has a problem with taking stable civilizations and then making em FUBAR
Europe : *uno reverse card idiot*
razveck No, thank the backwards religion the majority of the people their devote their entire lives too.
Another excellent video! Some nit-picky things though. The capital of the Western Empire was Mediolanum before it got moved to Ravenna. Diocletian didn't make Constantinople the capital of the East, he chose Nicomedia; it was Constantine that moved the capital to Constantinople. And finally, at 3:30 the picture you chose for the Siege of Baghdad in 1258 is actually the Siege of Constantinople in 1453. But that aside, fantastic work!
Haha thanks, I knew about the Mediolanum one, but I couldn't remember the name, so I decided to simplify. And yeah, there were no real pictures I could find for the siege of Baghdad, so I had to make due :P Thanks for watching!
@@AtlasPro1 Also one thing other, the high middle ages were the 1100s, the dark ages came 200 years later than you say. I know, it doesn't really change anything, and it's really nitpicky, but that all aside, this is the first of this kind I watched and it blew my mind, awesome job.
Thank you.
@@javir2854 your writing is very good, only error that I see is that "Pd" should be PS, Ps, or ps.
Just a nitpick on your nitpick. Constantine didn't move the capital to Constantinople. He moved the capital to Byzantium and then he renamed it to Constantinople.
How many times do you wanna move your capital?
China: *"YES"*
back in the day (in a loose sense) China is structured very much like modern day Europe, with different regions having their "own thing" going on, and often when one nation state has power, it's origin city becomes the "capital". so it isn't really the same group of chinese going back and forth, but more like there has always been multiple capitals, corresponding to each different regional power, and they shifts.
9:56 lagos may be under the ocean by then
K T *probably seeing how humanity enjoys fucking themselves over
YEAH FUCK NIGERIA LETS BUY A SHIP AND USE IT 24/7
nah, the sea won't increase THAT much (it will, but not that much)
Not just Lagos, but also most of the coastal cities on that list.
@@AllCatsAreBlack for most cities the issue of relative sea level rise has to do with both the land itself sinking and the sea rising. The reason we have so many ruins of cities underwater (specifically in the Mediterranean) is because the land can sink. Source: first year geography class.
"And China was engaged in a large amount of internal conflicts"
You're telling me there was a time when they WEREN'T engaged in a large amount of internal conflicts?
Right now, at least according to the government of theirs. (which totally isn't hiding anything at all)
China is whole again~
Then it broke again~
@@Burn_Angel Amazing isn't it? Europe was a whole once, and then it broke, and it never became a whole ever since.
@@Burn_Angel Ah I see youre a man of culture aswell
@Eddie M nice i like food too
Cities: *Exists*
Mongols: *Double the deaths*
Just found your channel. (The rare earth vid. oc) And I have to say: Excellent! Hang in there. I think you will grow to over 100 000 by the end of this year! At least you would deserve it. Quality channels are so rare, and I am always happy and excited if I find a new one! Great topics!
I'm glad to hear it! Thanks for watching :)
69.000 so far
@@gulgunsatr4589 92 k one day later
He's at 105 K at the time my writing; 4th of March 2019. I think the UA-cam algorithms found the channel. Got multiple videos from it in my recommendations anyhow.
788k 2021 feb 26
That African growth seems insane. 88million people in one city. I stick to my 180.000 peeps.
Ipoop7colors I is insane but then I remembered that the land mass is way larger. Check out the map the shows the true size of continents
Human population should have stabilized at 2.5 billion 65 years ago. Then we would avoid many problems
@@KateeAngel then you wouldnt be alive rn
Nations in Africa can not support themselves now. How will they get enough food and medical aid to support an urban population of millions?
@@howtubeable atleast say sub sahara this is insulting to me, its like saying europe is shit and worst continent to live in because ukraine is not that good
...and then the Mongols invaded
Only the russians, capable of using the winter to their advantage, could stop them. But when the world needed them the most, they were defeated.
Some hundreds of years passed, and my brother and I discovered a new leader, a glorious man named Stalin. And although his leading charisma is great, he has a lot to learn before he's ready to save anyone.
But I believe Stalin can save Russia.
This channel is so underrated, keep it up with the great videos
Will do!
This video was amazing. The pacing, graphics, background music and content was on point👍. Chongqing is an amazing city!!
Thanks for watching! Glad you enjoyed :)
Idk how any of those future cities will even be able to support their populations, especially in some of the poorest parts of the world.
You call them poor, but China's New African programs might change that, investing in Africa, forcing them to vote thir way... increasing economies...
Investment.
@@XochiCh The Pandaren would know this :^)
@@squillamsquallace2468
What are you talking? Me? I-investing in Southern Kalimdor?!? N-no, no, you must be delusional, its probably all that A-azerite you've been smoking... Yes! Yes! Its the Azerite, yes, there are no Pandaren C-colonies in Southern Kalimdor.
@@XochiCh SI-7 is on to you fluffy!
You have missed Angkor Wat, which was the biggest city outside of Middle East during the Middle Ages and also Aztecs capital in today’s Mexico City just before the European conquest which is believed to be the largest city world at that time.
Over 2 mill in some cities and 1 mill on average in bc timeline
Tenochtitlan is estimated to have reached 200K-400K only but Angkor could feasibly have a million.
@@michaelly7163 difference is travel between N and S America. Both were one culture till the Spanish invaded S.A
India has more people in it than the entire continent of Africa. That fact always amazes me.
and proverty ofc
Africa historically has been a very thinly populated place. Most great empires of history have surpassed by far it's population. (Rome, China, India historically had a much greater gap).
@@ssssaa2 yeah true, but now the population boom is happening in sub-sahara africa because of rape and many other things like that no protection etc
@@dragenmaster5385 loool what the hell are you talking about??
@@prodbyziki8 its true isnt it
I keep my eyes on this channel
I hope you do, thanks for watching!
Come on, I was waiting for you to mention Hampi (Vijayanagar) and go a bit into Indian history. Great video tho, it's really interesting how you put each city in the context of its history.
There were multiple great cities in India at any point in time. Therefore none grew to be biggest in the world.
India's population is evenly distributed unlike china or middle East
Hampi surpassed Bejing during Krishnadevaraya's rule
Yeah, I was waiting for Patliputra, Vaishali, Delhi or something 😢
You should consider making a video on the oldest/biggest universities in the world perhaps too? That'd be fun to watch.
Wasn't Tenochtitlan the largest city in the world at one time?
No, it was the fifth largest at it's greatest. Mexico City however, was the largest city in the world at some point
@@skagereistad7771 In the last few decades the cities keep changing position and the way to measure keep changing, Mexico city for sure was in the talks to be the biggest city depending on the metric used in some points of the last 30 years, as was New York, and of course Tokyo, and now São Paulo and some Chinese cities are in the fight as well.
Maxence, I thought so too, but really don't know where I heard it from. One possibility is that the whole population of the Valley of Mexico was bigger than any single city elsewhere? Or maybe that Tenochtitlan was bigger than any European city but, still eclipsed by Baghdad or one of the Chinese cities? Or maybe we just heard wrong! At any rate, I was a little disappointed not to see Tenochtitlan here.
@Mason Freer Thanks to new LIDAR technology massive cities and ruins have been discovered in Central America and it is now estimated that the Maya megalopolis of El Mirador was home to at least 1,000,000 and could have housed upwards of a shocking 5 million people around the time Rome was being repeatedly sacked and declining (the region was home to 15 million)... it would have easily been the largest city on earth.
Many Spaniards cited that Tenochtitlan was even bigger than London.
New megacities in the future are just mega-slums
Peizxcv true though. They are not actual cities, because real cities have urban planning.
yes, the people will just packed like in a sardines can. Less education leads to overpopulation. That's where slums are best for
@@olbiomoiros Then maybe it's time the UN actually did something and help fund Urban Planners to help them out. We're all in this world together, after all, so it's success could be beneficial. Not that politics will let it happen, wishful thinking.
@@Regard1ess Not talking about China clearly because China don't allow slum using the huko system. I am talking about those Indian and especially African cities that cannot even handle their current population
Probably, especially if they happen to be in the over-breeding Africa.
I miss Angkor, in the Khmer Kingdom, they yave builded a great city too.
Dk Mark yeah and I believe it was the largest city during its zenith
Dk Mark Yeah I was looking for it. I read somewhere that when London had 50,000 people Angkor had 1 million.
I would have stopped after the current date with a prediction of the next 20 or 30 years. The later projections are extremely unrealistic. Not every city can sustain its current growth rate. Especially places like Kabul (projected place 10 in 2100) will never have enough water for 50 Million people.
Obviously
This projections are based on the "CURRENT GROWTH" rate . Any political/economical / climatic situation can change it from fastest growing city to a dead city
neither will mumbai or delhi. there is no water in some parts of delhi already
You're right. How should a fucking Kongolesian jungle or a Taliban hole become such large population centres? You first of all need an actual government for that
That's a big problem in a lot of thinking, trying to mirror image the past on to the future. If you look at population growth projections from 1960s and 70s, some of them were very dire and would have us in a depopulation phase after a Malthusian crash. There were unforeseen agricultural innovations and overall enough improvement in human rights in the third world to keep the "population bomb" from exploding. We are facing a lot of scenarios in the next fifty years were human population could radically boom or bust, including scenarios were ranging from the singularity and the uplift of humanity to extinction.
I can't say the say the same for most like Kabul which gets it almost exclusively from Euphrates and Tigris which is also shared all the way to Turkey. Water is literally more expensive than oil is in the middle east. Most modern Metropolises get their water and other needs, by getting it from somewhere through the wonders of modern water engineering and pipes plus diplomacy if its from another country. I live in Metro Manila, Philippines the most densely populated city on Earth and 0 potable water to be found in this concrete jungle. I can never forget the figure as it's always studied in our Hydrology Engineering course, 96% of the city's water needs is supplied by Angat dam up north in Bulacan province that has also rapidly urbanized. Singapore on the other hand gets most of its water from Malaysia. Conflicts over water will be inevitable in the future as conflicts over oil currently are.
06:41 Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, populated by 5,5 million. The tower you see is called "Atakule"
No one cares
@@lirachasmody maybe someone does.
No one
@@lirachasmody apart from you
Is DR Congo a medical doctor, or just a PHD?
This is so underrated HAHAHAHA
EXCELLENT! Thanks, again, Atlas Pro.
The vandals made vandalism a word ;).
Almost immediately, the “myth” that sharks can’t stop swimming or they die isn’t a myth. Many species of shark need to continue moving for water to enter the gills or else they’ll asphyxiate
Omg, WHY HAS YOUR CHANNEL NOT BLOWN UP ALREADY. ITS BEEN WEEKS OVER WEEKS AND YOU STILL HAVENT BLOWN UP.
Just found your channel(ocean desert one) and you should definitely keep uploading as i'm sure your channel will grow. It must be hard standing out from the crowd in the educational space on UA-cam but you seem to have more potential than your sub count may tell. Keep up the great videos!
Funny thing is 300 years ago #Bombay was just a collection of 6-7 islands. Then the British received the island as #dowry from the Portuguese and through land reclamation projects changed the face of the land.
Like New York, and London was once lowly people before the Romans,
Mumbai has stopped reclaiming lands.
Mumbai's growth has stagnated.
Navi Mumbai is growing which is technically not Mumbai.
Similarly, half of the so called Delhi population is from nearby sister cities (like new jersey and new york) of Gurgaon, Faridabad and Noida.
So technically, no indian city will be in top 10 in future, nor is it now.
I think it's worth noting that even as Japan's population has shrunk, Tokyo has continued to grow, as there's a lot of people from the rest of the country moving to Tokyo (leaving many abandoned rural areas, where that shrinking population actually shows itself - not in Tokyo)
This was a great series showing world history through geography in 20 - 25 minutes (part 1 and 2).
This is gonna blow! Keep up the good work bro 💪🏻
0:39 thats not a myth.Sharks really do need to swim or they will suffocate.
Well some do, but some also do something very similar to breathing, where they gulp down water and press it through their gills.
Yup true
@@swedneck Buddy...thats fish.He mentioned Sharks.Sharks dont have these mechanisms.Sharks need to swim forward in order for water to pass trough their gills.
Not all sharks have to swim to breathe..makos and great whites..yes they have to swim..but nurse sharks dont..they can rest on the sea floor..by forcing water through their gills.
@@prizmprizn Ur Right Bullhead and Nurse Sharks dont need to swim in order to breath.But these are the only sharks that use Buccal Bumping.All other Sharks need to swim in order to get water through their gills.
Just wondering how the predictions for 2075 and 2100 were calculated? Like Khartoum only has 5 million people and is in a country that barely has a government. Sure it's got a lot of potential, but that's a huge jump to being the 6th largest city in the world.
they go by straight population growth , which is fairly accurate as we know the general trend, and old people can be estimated by current amount of young people and the life expectancy. of course they dont ask how those people will be supported by a inept government and ignore any possibility of disasters whether man made or otherwise.
Well unless something happens most of us will probably live to see 2075 so we can use this as a reference point and see what became of it then. (why am I suddenly terrified about the thought or making it to 2075)
speedy01247 exacly 55 years we might be dead by then
This channel is so underappreciated
your videos are awesome man keep this up
I recall a middle school history teacher telling us that during the Renaissance in Europe, the largest city in the world was Tenochtitlan. I’m sure this was an example of Asian erasure and that Beijing was in fact the biggest at the time, as stated. However, I’m still curious how the largest meso-American cities compared.
8:15 that surprised me to see São Paulo ranking the 2nd place in the ranking due to urban area, I mean, I know that my city is huge, but that was kind of mind blowing
I loved this vídeo. Thanks!!
8K subscribers! Congrats!
Great video as always.
Thank you!
281k
2:58 that's totally Ba Sing Se
Chongqing is pronounced "Chongching", other than that, pretty good video.
If you want a super quick guide to reading Chinese sibilant sounds just remember:
C = ts
Z = dz
X = sh
Q = ch
Zh = j
Its actually quite a bit more complicated than that, but if you do this and pronounce the other consonants the same as in English, you should be close enough for most purposes.
Haha thank you, I just figured since Chongqing started with a 'ch' that they'd use it again if they needed to.
@@AtlasPro1 The Sh, Ch, and Zh sounds are pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled up against the roof of the mouth. The X, Q, and J sounds are pronounced with the tongue body moved forward against the gum ridge, near where the tongue tip would be in the English sounds.
These are apparently 6 distinct phonemes in Mandarin phonology, though I, and presumably most native Anglophones, can't really hear any difference.
@@AtlasPro1 'Ch' is like 'Ch' in English (think "chew"). 'Q' is much more like 'Ts', perhaps think "Tsipras" or "Tsar".
@@ruedelta Hm the way I heard it when living there, "Q" like in "Qing" is much closer to "ch" than "ts". It's more like "tsh", hard to describe with English letters. But you'll sound more understandable to a Chinese person if you make it sound closer to "ch". In my experience at least. The difference between "Q" and "Ch" in sound is hard to hear for a native English speaker, it took me a while to get it. It's pretty subtle, and given the context of what you're saying in a sentence the person you're speaking to will almost always understand.
@@dayvancubensis Really the vowel combinations of those two sounds are the big difference. There isn't a 'chi' to match 'qi', while 'chu' and 'qu' are very different.
Looking back at what I had said, yeah it's not that accurate. The sound just doesn't really exist in the daily life of an Anglophone.
This is really good. Waiting for your next video.
Hopefully next week! Thanks for watching :)
Your channel is very addictive. Seriously you deserves 1m subs!
I cannot immagine how people can live in million strong cities. I would go insane! I live on the countryside, just on the edge of the 25k strong town and i already think that is enough of 'city experience' for me.
Depending on the place, you don't really feel it if the density is not super big, a European city of that size doesn't fell that crammed.
Laughs in Indian
Unfortunately baghdad today is a bad place to live ...
I hope it will get better in future and retake it glory.
As soon as everything goes stable in the middle east, syria and iraq are expected to become huge population centers by 2100. Let's hope that time arrives soon!
@@manuekhuntyk2563 insha allah with Allah's victory
Watching these videos shows how much things change over time, so I'm sure it will be stable and booming again. Unless climate change makes the area uninhabitable...
Cool channel, these are geography questions i've always wanted to know, or pondered
Thanks for watching!
Love these videos!
Glad to hear it!
I just discovered your channel and am enjoying your videos. FWIW, though, I think the 'flash-text' distracts more than it adds (_especially_ when it's down at the bottom of the screen where the controls cover it up).
what a miserable existence it would be to live in a city of 58 million. You could live your entire live and never see nature, just the sterile and dehumanizing sprawl.
I mean, except for all the parks.
@@norgepalm7315 I mean, wearing clothes is pretty unnatural and weird too, but you don't see me complaining about it. If you don't like parks, fine. But don't pretend everyone feels stifled by city life and wants to return to the days of working the fields.
@@norgepalm7315 My point was that every aspect of civilization is unnatural and weird, not just parks.
@@norgepalm7315 Then why did you say parks are unnatural?
Not necessarily, cities can be designed to contain parks and natural areas for people to visit, we just need to change how we design them
such great work man.
Great video!
Actually, you can expect China and Japan to remain on top for a while, due to infrastructure projects connecting massive cities, enough interaction to consider them one metropolitan area, with the pearl river bay area (made of Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Macao, Hong Kong) at 70 million people, while the Central Japan Area (I have no idea how to call it. It's made of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka) of 73 million people.
The Taiheyō Belt/Tokaido Corridor?
2:36 The Anlushan Rebellion caused some of the most civilian deaths in human history. It's even much higher than WW2 on percentages
Great video, keep up the nice work! :)
Thanks for watching!
Great vid mate
2100 projection: Kabul, Afghanistan: 50 million.
Seems pretty implausible, at least under current circumstances.
Regardless of political situation, Climate Change will make this place uninhabitable.
not when indiA and china become powerful enough to kick western imperialist out of asia . if westerner gets out of asia then asia will become stablw whil unstability will move to europe.
ellie,muffasa and others lol what a bullshit
Why does it seem implausible.
@@ayushkumar-bg1xf when china comes to the middle east everbody goes to a "education camp". China hates religious people
3:10 minor nitpick, the term "Dark Ages" used to refer to the earlier half of Medieval period (c. 500 - 900s), but is largely no longer in use in academic circles because it's a misleading term.
The painting is also depicting the city of Visby on Gotland around the year 1360.
Excellent work, I'm 52 years old and you made me learn somenthing, I have been wrong almost all my life long. Everybody in Spain believe that Córdoba 5Cordova) was the most populated city in the the world in the IX century. It was the biggest in Europe at that time but Baghda was twice its size. When I see your video I tought you were wrong but I did my investigation and you're right.
I'm pretty sure what you descripe at around 1:00 is what Constantin did roughly 50 years later, Diocletian devided the empire into 4 sectors before this idea got thrown over later.
Great video!
Your channel is like Reallifelore but I love it anyway. Your channel is about to blow up quickly.
Those responsible for the sacking have been sacked
I love your videos!
Whoa, watched one video and you had 100k subs (i subbed at that moment), i finished this one and now you have 104k, wowzers .
Grats m8, keepitup
What?! The counter is on 166k now! Higher growth rate than a African city.
BTW Nanjing means Southern Capital and Beijing means Northern Capital, Chang'an is now called Xi'an or in the past Xijing which means Western Capital. Basically these biggest cities in China were capital cities There was also an Eastern Capital but it wasn't as big. Jing in Chinese is a way to say capital. The kanji for Tokyo in Japan is Eastern Capital, same characters as the Chinese, but that is just the Japanese Eastern Capital.
Among the Chinese, there's something they call "The Seven Ancient Capitals"--the capital cities of their biggest dynasties. All of these cities had the character 京 in their names, "jing," which means "capital" in Chinese. Beijing (北京) and Nanjing (南京) are called "northern" and "southern" capitals because they are the last two cities among "The Seven Ancient Capitals". They thus got stuck with the character for "capital" in their modern names.
The eastern capital is in Japan DongJing(Tokyo). lol
Could you do something like this, but for nations instead of cities?
I find this very interesting to watch! So kudos on that!
What I'd like to see in the future, or what I think would be cool, is biggest US Cities over time (less timeline though, I know) and maybe even (this seems random, but) the biggest US state capital cities over time. Because I've always been interested in that, and I can't ever find any solid info on it. My guess is it was briefly Philadelphia until it was no longer the capital of PA, then switched to Boston for a LONG time, maybe briefly Indianapolis, then now Phoenix for a while. But maybe there's something I'm missing and it would be interesting to know. And are most states' capitals not their biggest city? :P
I remember reading in National Geographic (many years ago) that Cordoba in present day Spain was one of the largest cities in the world during the golden years of Moorish rule at around 1000 CE.
I still Can't believe not even One Indian or South Asian City made it to the list.. Delhi , Agra Were Literally Big at their Prime
vivek sharma Mumbai will be on top in future but will be left behind by African cities.
Lagos having 90 million people in future. This is the prime limit of human urbanization
I can certainly imagine within a couple hundred years, once we've mastered urbanized agriculture (i.e. vertical farms, cultured meats, etc), that 90-95% of humanity could be living in cities, while much of the no-longer needed farmland across the world undergoes rewilding efforts
Excellent Two Parter.
I've always been a big lover of history but, this video really shows how much the world has changed just in the past 2000 years... And how much that has accelerated in just the 100
Largest mountain ranges/largest volcanoes!! If you look it up, 7 of the 10 largest ranges are really just the Himalayas, so not really that interesting until #8.
You forgot FLAVORTOWN
Population: everyone
Nice video! Perhaps, "The Most Dense Cities" next?! Pretty sure, Singapore would be top 20. I feel like a canned sardine while in the train these days!
Amazing video
I live in the most populated city in colombia (bogotá), and suddenly feel extremely claustrophobic, even if we are only 1/4th of tokyo...
Dude! My entire freaking country has 21,000,000 inhabitants! 😂
Great video
If you've ever been to Tokyo or Hong Kong, you know how crowded cities can become. Seeing projections of more than double of Tokyo's population are basically impossible to fathom.
Long ago, held the largest population. Everything changed when the Mongols attacked.
My city is just under 5M and I already find it unbearable...
Hmm where I live that is almost the entire population of the country itself ( about 5.3 million people)
I live in a city of 300k I love it
I live in a city with population of 19 M and the size greater than that of Switzerland. Yes, its New Delhi
And i love it
I live in the city of Budapest which is around 2 million. It's pretty nifty if you're in a suburban area but I hate the downtown. It's just too dense and smelly. Can't imagine what living downtown Lagos in 2100, a population of 88 mil, would be like.
Yay for 1 CE!
I dont know how you do this!! Impressive
Watching this, I think the World needs a new Mongolian Empire
@Kaiser Wilhelm von Hohenzollern nah, I think we germans kinda have enough by now
@Kaiser Wilhelm von Hohenzollern we don't have nukes, so no, we can't nuke Isreal.
we just need a new spanish influenza or black plague, only longer lasting and faster at killing, so vaccines are not developed as quickly. Oh, and continue trusting antivaxxers to do their job in densley populated areas, i guess?
Jakob we don’t need Mongolian empire we have The USA!
YOU NEED THANOS, THAT'S WHAT YOU NEED!!
Hey, I love these videos, but if I could help you with your Chinese pronunciation a little:
x makes the sh sound (not a soft j sound)
a is always like the o in Bob
e is like the u in uncle.
q makes the ch sound.
i makes the long ee sound.
No part of the Chinese language has a soft j sound like garage or the french name Jaques, so Beijing has a hard J like the word “just". A couple other comments have gone into more detail, but I think this would keep it easy enough for any westerner to easily pronounce proper names in Chinese.
Excellent effort - it is clear you put in a lot work in these videos. You will have more credibility and accuracy if you accurately incorporate all the historical civilizations of India in your videos. Good luck - keep pushing!
Great video what about Angor Wat,