Graphitic Carbon Nitride - Hydrogen From The Sun
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- Опубліковано 27 вер 2024
- This is based on two research papers - "Developing an Iron-carbon nitride complex as photocatalyst with response to visible light" Yang et al and "Preparation and characterization of Metal-free graphitic Carbon Nitride Film Photocathodes for Light-induced Hydrogen Evolution" Yang et al if you want to check them out. Making g-C3N4 (Graphitic Carbon Nitride) is very easy. Just heat Urea to 550 degrees in a covered vessel and after 3 hours you will have g-C3N4 just sitting there. You need to wash it in nitric acid to get rid of any remaining ammonia and water after that until the pH is neutral but that's all. After that Making a doped complex is equally easy. Once you have done that you are ready to make a solar cell. Hope it helps.
"Anyway, hope you enjoyed."
I did, very much. I'm about to start my Honours year in an organic photonics and electronics institute, working on thin-film sensors. But I became a chemist because I wanted to be a Maker, much like you. Thank you very much, and keep up the brilliant videos.
cheers mate - chemistry rocks lol
P.S.He founded Raytheon.
@@brucecowles6306 who did?
I have already told all my chemist friends about your videos. I am preparing to build a gaggle of super capacitors for storage of power on my PV panels. Having a hydride storage solution would be the icing on the cake for my hydrogen powered car project...
thanks for the recommendation. I do vaguely remember reading something about alternatives to hydrogen storage a while back. I'll dig through my old notebooks and get back to you on this one.
Posted a thank you did you get it?
Men.............love you for giving all your knoledge free will so much love.
Very Educative. Thanks alot.
Fascinating, valuable info, Robert; thank you!
cheers mate
Extremely interested in this solar cell thing. Just got into making my own batteries and other energy-releated stuff. There is barely any info out there. Your stuff is by far the most elaborate DIY science I have stumbled across yet.
It's one of the reasons i started the channel - there is hardly any real info out there = plenty of have a look at this isn't it wonderful sort of stuff but next to none on how to go about doing it
.......this is another good video . Thanks for still leaving the m available to view . The oldest video I've seen so far is the machine heads for that banjo . Recently you demonstrated carbon nitride for hydrogen storage which looks promising .
Thanks mate. I would look at sulphur doping too. Well, heteroatomic doping in general
Very interesting video 👍
So basically graphitic carbon nitride doped with iron could possibly replace titanium as a catalyst in fuel cells, making fuel cells affordable. Maybe I'm wrong but that seems to be the main setback as far as creating hydrogen from the sun and using that hydrogen to fuel a vehicle. That would be very exciting if that is the case. I have been researching as much as I can into pem fuel cells and different ways to use graphitic carbon nitride. You are an inspiration.
Yep - check The referred to papers
If you refluxed the vapours evolved when heating the urea for graphitic carbon nitride would you get a higher yeild?
lol, mate - I have no problems with questions truly - but I haven't found the answers to your questions - I have found some answers and I am happy to share what I have found - but, I am happier when you are looking too - together we will solve these problems.
As a coating on the electrode it should lower the required energy input. And yesI am planning to make a solar cell out of it with the graphene. I'll do a theory vid.
Great idea Solar FREAKIN' Roadways! combined with Graphitic Carbon Nitride in place of crystalline solar panels, I think that this is a viable solution for the future.
lol - mate some of these questions you have to answer for yourself - that's just a google search away lol
Hiya, I am at work in sri lanka right now and so haven't been able to do much but that at the moment - I will get back to this when I can - unfortunately we all have to earn a living
Wow. Had no idea H2 photocatalytic process was possible without Platinum (which I am just all out of this week). Any recommendations for safely storing the H2 for stationary power generation, such as a porous metal hydride or ammonia borane? Storage would now be my biggest hang-up as it stands. Also, do you know whether this material (undoped) could be used in the place of other traditionally Platinum catalysts - specifically fuel cells or battery vent reformers (h2+o2=>H2O)?
Hiya mate, you need two electrodes, at least one of them see through, put a g-C3N4 paste on one and calcinate it, add an electrolyte and you are good to go.
Why this process is not being adopted by the industry to produce hydrogen, instead of the traditional hydrolysis? Does it’s production still takes more energy than it releases in an hydrogen cell? Thanks for sharing your knowledge! You’re the best!
Lo indeed - it's photocatalytic so a sponge wouldn't really help. I know it seems unbelievable which is why the references - don't take just my word.
omg! usefull product. NICE!!!! thanks for the info sir!! nice video and nice explanation as always!
There is a really interesting method doping AZO films with CS that I am interested in
I think they are just trying to cash in. It's the same with all these high tech materials. It also helps to keep us out of the game unless we can make it ourselves
Looks what turned up in suggested video.
wow - that's an old one
To be honest - I don't know. I think it is a step forward though
Sweet! I'm I looking forward to seeing that.
It be interesting too see you make methanol an ethanol with it
Man I wish you lived next door here in USA Phoenix AZ!!!
With my electronics background and prototype machine shop, we'd be dangerous!!!!
studleylee lol - it scares me to think what we might produce
Sorry. Got it. Urea already on way from EBay. Many thanks.
Robert, will this form of Urea work from Ebay - 3LBS Nitrogen Fertilizer Urea 46-0-0 - $10.50 includes shipping. Also known as carbamide, is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is produced commercially from two raw materials, ammonia and carbon dioxide. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are produced during the manufacture of ammonia from coal or from hydrocarbons such as natural gas and petroleum derived raw materials.
That's the stuff!
Bob, you're taking the pee !
And transforming it :)
Ever thought of writing a book called something like 'Energy for Dummies" ? this is fantastic info.
Yes exactly
amazing stuff man. thanks for the share
thanks mate
Could you make a vid on how to build a cell with this? Thanks. Love your videos. Keep them coming.
will do when i get a chance
@@ThinkingandTinkering God speed-
3:03 you please wrote down the process please when to heat and when to rest?
Might be able to use this actually.. few ideas. More research needed. 10 percent isnt great but isnt nothing. Notice specified by volume not weight so bit of wiggle room and design work arounds. If nothing else a coating for parts. Bet goin from dc to ac in a cell would heat enough to set it off so a cell that as the tank empties switches may make a nice buffer or backup. Not ideal but no extra heater needed. Wondering if any odd reactions i need to avoid with exotic metals, electrolytes, or containers. Hell wonder if could be infused directly on an electrolyte or a membrane. Wonder what electrical resistance or other odd properties it might have now.
A quick question. Around 08:25 in the video you say to keep a cover on the urea to keep it from evaporating off. How much pressure builds up? Would a canning jar with a lid screwed down hold up to the pressure? I thoroughly enjoy watching your videos. I can't wait to see what you do next.
do a google search on artificial photosynthesis - there's load of info out there
Sir Thicko here again. How do you make solar calls from Graphitic Carbon Nitride? Or am I stepping on a video you have lined up. Never took chemistry at school so am finding all your videos amazing. Many thanks.
so how the heck do you make a hydrogen producing solar cell then?
Can you elaborate when you say "put it in a solar cell?"
I should really just scroll through your channel when I'm searching for ANYTHING energy wise 😂 it happens to many more time may just pay that lil fee an see whatcha premium got lol
How to wash graphitic carbon nitride with nitric acid
Ok. Got that. Suck it and see. Keep going until I have the voltage and current I need. Did I get the construction correct?
I am currently trying to make g-C3N4 from Urea, however my sample always comes out darker in colour (brown-black), how can I make my outcome sample a lighter colour? I am using Furnace for the calcination process.
Certainly, but I will probably look at carbon nanotubes first
Another source of (aqueous) urea is your local truck stop in the form of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF)
And for Iron chloride, some steel wool in muriatic acid from the pool chemical section of your local hardware store.
... but the steel wool - muriatic (hydrochloric) acid reaction will also generate significant amounts of hydrogen, so do it under a vent hood, outdoors, or capture it for useful purposes - I used an empty plastic soda bottle and balloons.
Perfection, you sir are the icing on the ...I forgot the word.
brilliant!
Hi Rob, thank you sharing this with us. Could you please tell me if I can use any acid at the end or it must be nitric acid?
Many thanks,
Sorin
Thanks for the repley, I've been looking around and its all very interesting. But the resourcesI have found (for methanol producing process) have been sadly lacking, so if you don't mind have a few questions, I haven't found answers to. is it different than a setup for H production? If so how? And could it work in ambient atmosphere? If it is what chemical compositions would it produce?
Will this store hydrogen
Hi Rob,
Bicameral electrolysis collects H2 and O2 as two separate gas streams. Using gC3N4 as a photocatalist, I can't imagine a reaction cell geometry with two distinct gas phase collection streams. That leads me to think that only H2 is produced and H2O2(aq) concentration increases in the liquid phase. Is this correct? Did you make a subsequent video of H2 production?
excellent... how does the conductivity of a (transparent?) carbon nitride thinfilm compare to that of graphene?
Hi Robert, this is one of my favorite video's on You Tube. I have followed your instructions and produced some Iron-carbon nitrite complex. The problem I am having is how to take it to the next stage ie producing a solar cell. I have experimented with failure only. If you get the chance would you please do a video showing the process of producing a solar cell using Iron-carbon nitride complex? Would the process be to glue on to a sub-strait?
I will do one when i get a chance mate - but yes - you need to get it onto a substrate
sintering within a ceramic?
well you could try it
more likely polymers
i guess
Can you do a "DIY Particle Accelerator For Dummies" UA-cam for us :)
Based on a home unit - Estimated cost? Time to produce enough hydride similar in the 4 tanks that were in the back of the corvette in the video?
I really enjoy your videos. I wanted to ask are these considered nano diamonds that companies call nicanite?
BROCH clinton i don't think so mate
Lol - yeah I get quite a few offers lol. Keshe seems to be a real scam unfortunately - but I am only really repeating what I have heard and have no real experience o fthem. Some of my friends have looked into the bottle reactor and sday it is bogus - so I have left it there - have you looked into them?
Galena as doping agent and rochelle salt Just experiments to try next weekend if time lets me peace
go for it - do a vid mate
@@ThinkingandTinkering still waiting for results or alternative reports,via con Dios-
meant for 'still waiting ' -for your Galena and Rochelle salt Exp. results sidster
Can I ask you question ,please
Help me
at 06:18-- 30 degrees c? good audio...!!!
Hi Robert, I like to understand the principle behind conversion of the polymer after losing its ammonia to C4N3 polymer at 550c. Is the initial polymer Cyamelide? Would really appreciate if you could add the chemical equations for the conversion to the product..
look it up mate
Sir, can I use wax burn out furnace to decompose urea? Is it safe because the furnace is inside the lab and iam not sure the door of the furnace is air tight, and iam worried about the toxic fumes coming out of the furnace.
Please help me sir..
Is the ammonia released when decomposing urea too dangerous?? Or fatal?
How do you get it to adhere to a cutting blade?
Hello, SirI got a question in terms of the hydrogen production from the Fe:C3N4.You simply said "put it in a solar cell, put it in the sun and you will get hydrogen bubbling from it".So now my question: Can you simply make a dispension of this Fe:C3N4 particles in distilled water and put it in the sun and thats all to create hydrogen?? I can't believe that the whole process is so simple, I always thought the doping process would be highl complex (hydrothermal way, ionic liquid, high temp doping etc)
no mate there is more to it than that - check out google scholar
Cheers mate. You are going to get loss. Actually you need to have losses as you are 'burning' off the bits you don't want. So, you can't seal the jar. I just rested a saucer on the jar and that worked well.
Dear Robert...its a good work...I am also planning to synthesize g-C3N4 from urea. However in my first attempt, I failed. I had put 0.11 gm of urea in a silica crucible covered with the lid in a muffle furnace. I increased the temperature gradually (~ 3-5 deg/min) upto 550 deg and kept it for 2 hr. But after cooling down to room temperature I found the crucible was empty as the urea decomposed totally.
Can you suggest me how to overcome this problem and synthesize the C3N4 ?
Sayan Bayan use more urea - it's pretty chaep stuff and the energy you gave 0.11g was alot!
Did you ever get around to making a cell with the iron doped material? This stuff looks promising.
yeah i did - i put it away somewhere to revisit at a later date
+Robert Murray-Smith it's now a later date :) Id love to know if this is a viable way to produce some hydrogen.
+Flyingsod Wai still not late enough - i am pretty busy mate and will get round to it when i can
@@flyingsodwai1382 do you know of William George Armstrong's hydroelectric machine at Seghill,England ?It compels me to realize coal and wood smoke to liquidfied ethanol production has most logical extensions.
I really like your videos, if i had extra money i would get you a new camera .. i can count the pixels :)
Dear Robert, when you say heat Urea in covered vessel do you mean sealed one.
faissal hady crucible doesn’t have to be sealed, just covered. 650 is better temp. I was hoping to see light shining on material and seeing evolution of H2 (bubbles).
It's more fun to make graphitic Carbon Nitride using a Pharaoh's Serpent.
Thanks for this Roberty...Hydrogen produced from solar (and wind turbine) power then stored for later use looks to be THE answer to breaking free from the polluting energy we have been chained to for way too long. Its just gonna have to be freely shared information and instruction, not kept for personal profit. Then it cant be stopped. Non polluting, non corporate controlled energy, bring it on.
I wish there were a lab or work group somewhere I could join to work with others to get going with this stuff. For your info, Great interview here with the hydrogenhouseproject guy MIKE STRIZKI ua-cam.com/video/1X8XYg5bm3g/v-deo.html listen from 1hr 12min for the interview. Inspirational
thanks for that mate
Hi Robert- great video as always. I have been repeatedly trying this method in my kiln using the parameters from various papers (fast vs slow ramp rate, hold at 550 vs 600 degrees etc) but no matter what I do, I get a brown or grey product with a layer of black or dark grey material on top...since I can't seem to find answers in the available papers, is there anything you could share about how you got this to work so well?
+b od I don't know what you are doing wrong mate - I found it really easy - I hate to say that!
+Robert Murray-Smith fair enough- for the life of me I can't tell why it keeps going wrong when the conditions are consistent with what's in the lit. If you have any extra, would you consider selling me a few grams? Need some for an idea I'm working on
+b od Sorry mate - I don't sell chemicals - here in the UK we need a licence to do that. Maybe your kiln is contaminated?
The research papers i have been reading all pretty much say keep the temperature from 450 to 550C for a 3 hour period. The temperatures will affect what wavelength of light the carbon nitride will be sensitive to. Just google it and there are quite a few papers on the subject.
b od Try 650c for 3 hours and ramp temp or desiccated/dry urea first.
Hello Put urea in kiln in aluminum pot 3 and half hour 550 degree it not yellow its grey am i missing something thanks sid
you got it dirty - i do mine in a ceramic bowl or pyrex dish
sidster64 the aluminum it sounds like has contaminated it, you should test this stuff since aluminum and silicon are key components to making a number of zeolites and you might have a carbon equivalent, (they use zeolites to mass produce molecules by using cavities in the atomic structures to assemble the molecule then extract them from the cavities, and carbon is a smaller molecule so new compounds that silicon might not allow us to make should be possible with an aluminum carbon based zeolite XD (hope you did not flush it, never know what you might accidentally discover this way)
will do thanks peace
It's in McDonald's salt,Aluminum sodium Silicate and bread ,if you need Alzheimer and they claimed they served Billion's,lawsuit's?
I know how to build a particle accelerator if that's any help
Cool thanks I'll look into that. By the way just read this article and it was saying that the most efficient temperature was at 600 degrees Celsius. Not sure if it's pertinent to your process just thought you might like to know. Xttp://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/CP/C3CP44687E Replace X with h
Hello Robert
I did your experiment and I have a question.
I heated urea in a glass flask under cover and after 3 hours below, there was a yellow powder on the flame side and a white powder was deposited on the walls.
I suspect that yellow is graphite carbon nitride.
And white it can beta graphite carbon nitride ????
Please help me decipher this puzzle.
What is this white powder ????
Thank you and best regards
Tomek
i don't know what the white powder is mate - i guess you would have to have it tested
thank you for the quick reply .
But how to check?
Maybe if the white powder shows at different temperatures another electrical conductivity, it means that it is a semiconductor. And that means that it is graphite carbon nitride just why it is white ???????????????????????? :-)
no worries mate - unfortunately i have no idea - as it has been a while since i did this and you are just going to have to do what i would have to do and that is read around a bit - i would do it for you and try and find an answer but i am a bit rushed right now - so i am afraid it is over to you
It's probably an intermediate product, maybe heptazine?? I had the same problem and I'm struggling with it
Hi Rob, why not show us how this material works in reality.
Lol. Yup
just wanted to say excellent really... the question was an afterthought... cheers for the answer though. one of the things i like about youtube is saving time by finding people who have already done the experiments and found the answers... always was a lazy fekker...
lol - one use for urea lol
It would be wonderful to give us a demonstration of a home based DIY system to remove carbon dioxide from the air. The experts are claiming that we have a problem with global warming but a home based system would be a great answer to giving us more time and the chance to save the planet.
Can you provide a link or directions where we can find out how to use this wonderful product to convert carbon dioxide.
+Brad Miller just a general google search or more likely google scholar will do it mate - that's all i would do
There was a video produced later by you about this stuff, made the same way, but with sugar added- and it held more H2.
Is it also able to be operated by natural light?
Thank you very much!
Who is this young fresh faced scientist? Hahahahahahahaha oh its Robert Murray Smith!!!! Video compression algorithms were rubbish in the old days
Hi. I was reading up on burnt fumes from Urea and on a fire fumes safety they state things
that contain nitrogen can produce Hydrogen Cyanide.
Here is where it say's it web.mit.edu/parmstr/Public/NRCan/CanBldgDigests/cbd144_e.html
Other pages say its as slightly dangerous.
What's your thoughts on this.
I would like to try to make some but that page scared me off.
it's not urea - no one uses urea on their house - urea is the main constituent of urine - it is from a building code about urea formaldehyde resin.
Oh thanks. I just read again and there is a - after Urea, As in urea-formaldehyde . better safe then sorry thatnks.
no worries mate
I down grade video quality for UA-cam or it takes ages to upload. But thanks for the kind comment
This is amazing content, needs revisiting
This produces ethanol and methanol if you blow co2 over it in sunshine? That sounds too good to be true, would love to see that
I paid two pounds for this whole kilo. Makes sense in both weight and currency.
So at the end you could put this compund in water put it on the sun and the water will begin to split?
Lol so many questions can only be answered by doing. Basically your construction is right. Materials choice is more dictated by material properties. It will give you a voltage. You change voltage by building a few and wiring them in series or parallel depending on how you want to alter voltage in respect of ampage
Just phenomenal videos. Incredible free knowledge. Thank you!
I try to split the theory and practice vids as some people aren't so interested in the ins and outs of it all. Some - like you and me are. But I try to give enough info in the practical vid so it can be replicated otherwise a lot of these vids would be an hour long lol
There are lots of ways to do that. Your best bet is to do a google search for doped graphitic carbon nitride and read the papers to see how others have done it then see what you think you could reproduce.
Mildly, I felt I was a bit harsh there - but researching answers is all part of the skill set required to investigate something - just asking me isn't research - nitrogen doping improves conductivity.
Current output will depend on amount of light. Voltage will depend on materials used and don't forget the electrolyte which acts as charge carrier.
You need to flow co2 and co over the bed as precursor materials. Beyond that I'll have to look further myself - I will get back to you on this
I did read something but I'll have to look it up. Let me get back to you on that one
I know and a stupid price! This is why I make this stuff lol