Was literally just scrolling through podcast feeds bored the other day and I saw Eons Mysteries of Deep Time and was sad it’s over with. This podcast and format is a welcome change, I quite enjoyed this. Thank you!
I'd say it's nature writing applied to paleontology :) If you liked that, you should check out Thomas Halliday. Or go back to the original: Alexander von Humboldt
Expectation: deep scientific discussion on whether survival is possible Reality: deep scientific discussion on whether survival is possible, and also Hank and Kallie licking everything to see what gets them high
Realistically, implausible. Most toxic amphibians got their hallucinogens to prevent getting eaten. This is too early in history for toxic skin secretions to be common. The mushroom issue is more likely though...
Considering the bevy of modern bacteria and viruses that omnipresently cling to all parts of us, I'm wondering if the Devonian Period could survive *me.*
hahaha! YES. Just the bits I shed on a short trip contain multitudes of microbiota with a few million years of evolution advantage over the local chumps. Walking extinction event
Fair point! Like they said, we're like walking cesspools of all kinds of microscopic nonsense. There's a pretty big chance some bacteria or virus hitching a ride on us could rapidly initiate a *mid* - Devonian mass extinction.
@@mikomaxwell6313 Luckily you are always allowed to like or not like anyone within your own head. When and how you broadcast it, however, it’s only reflective of your manners😁
Vitamin C deficiency is a primate thing: most animals make their own. Our ancestors lost the ability to make vitamin C because they were REALLY into fruit and weren't under selective pressure to make their own: use it or lose it...
I'm not sure it's a universal need in all living organisms though. She was saying they aren't sure if it was actually a need during that time because there isn't evidence for it.
So the phrase use it or loose does not apply to evolutionary theory and is more attributed to Lamarckism. It is not apart of Darwin's evolution. The reason primates lost the ability to produce vitamin c is way more complicated and comes down to random chance, both because of mutation and what individuals evolved the trait lucking out. You could also apply ocum's razor and explain the existance of a slight evolutionary advantage through some form of genetic mutation. Maybe the animals that didn't produce the viatamin c used slightly less calories? TLDR, not loose it or use it, random chance evolution compensated for by dietary advantage. There is a difference.
The actual weird thing is there's an evolutionary benefit for us not producing vitamin C, I just don't remember what it is... Something to do with the high concentration of urea in our blood compared to other primates I believe.
@@adsventuresome7511 Too much of C is bad for you. If you're eating a bunch of fruits with it, it suddenly becomes in your best interest to not produce it anymore. It's not too different from generations of adapting to poisons, or spices
"Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creek" is the best mnemonic device I know for remembering the order of eras in order: Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Kallie, i was just checking out your LinkedIn to learn more about you, and saw that you were a consultant for the Walt Disney Company during the creation of the Dinosaur ride at Animal Kingdom. I have always loved that ride and especially those exhibits. What a small world (…after all 🎶)! They’re closing Dinosaur soon so go see the work Kallie contributed to while you can!
@@mlebrooks at D23 2024, they said construction on the area will begin in phases “this fall”. There is not an official date when dinosaur will close as of yet. Its to be replaced with an Indiana jones ride
I'm so glad they brought up vitamin C, because that was the one question eating at me from the beginning of the show. The tricky thing with food is how simplistic it is to be 'fed', but still subject to life-threatening nutritional deficiencies. I like how the question of "can I eat it?" could lead to a better understanding of ancient food webs.
Parasites are going to have a time with you being so high temperature inside, when they're used to fish and fishapod pre-amphibians. That also protects us from fungi, who otherwise are opportunists. It's not foolproof but it helps. We have millions of years of anti parasite evolution in our immune system, beyond what the devonian parasites have dealt with.
@@radikaldesignz we have evolved to breathe a very specific gas mixture, todays mixture. That is not the same millions of years ago and really not the same hundreds of millions years ago.
@TimeofRagnarok um... no. Really, anything more recent than 100 Ma, you wouldn't notice any difference. Back 300-400 Ma, the answer is less simple. You'd be a mess, but you'd live. Edit - I mean specifically the very tail end of the devonian. That's when the mixture hits a sane, if uncomfortable, level. If oxygen were the only thing to worry about, early Devonian has an O2 peak that would work out (25%). But it's the other things that could be trouble...
It’s mind-blowing to think about the sheer number of creatures that had to survive and evolve over millions of years to lead to each of us. Every single fish, tiny mammal, and countless other life forms endured countless challenges, passing on their survival instincts and traits, all culminating in us being here today. It's like an unbroken chain of life stretching back through time. 🤯
I don't know if I'll ever have kids but if I don't, it's so weird to imagine I'll be the last member of this enormous chain of living beings that lead to me. Insane
Now take that even further. How many molecules had to collide to produce the complexity that lead to a self contained mix of chemistry that's able to copy itself.
The London NHMs former Trilobite specialist Richard Fortey once ate a horseshoe crab as it was the closest he'd ever get to eating a trilobite. He said it was repulsive : )
6:40 Many periods are named after western England and Wales probably because much early formal geology was done there. The Cambrian is named after Cambria (Wales), the Ordovices and Silures were Celtic tribespeople of Roman era western Britain, etc.
@@ilokivi Was just about to mention the same...given I'm currently sitting in the County of Devon looking out over the granite dome uprising (Dartmoor), now weathered down, that named the period.
In your introductory 2nd person scenario, right after "you see a tidal pool" is the perfect Choose Your Own Adventure moment. "If you decide to rush to the pool for a drink of water, go to page__" "If you choose to wait and observe the terrain for a moment, go to page__."
Tiktaalik's ancestors may have been amphibians but Tiktaalik was fully aquatic, there is no way those fins could allow it to crawl about out of the water.
There's a problem with the comparison of O2 concentrations then and in Aspen. I spent 32 years as a Respiratory Therapist, six of which were in Leadville, CO which is at a higher elevation than Aspen. The percentage of O2 in the atmosphere does not change until much much higher up in the atmosphere. However, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, which is actually how O2 gets into the blood of air-breathing mammals does decrease significantly with increasing elevation. That is why it is harder to breathe at elevations above 8500 feet above sea level. An O2 percentage of 15% is about 3% below the absolute minimum needed for human survival. You'd die of hypoxia, in minutes, probably before you could register the temperature.
Exactly. Was going to comment as well. It's neither overall atmospheric pressure nor gas fraction of oxygen that's important to our respiration, it's specifically partial pressure of oxygen (discounting that you also don't want certain other gasses to have too high a partial pressure). That said, especially in the Late Devonian, we have evidence to indicate that there were significant fluctuations in oxygen fraction over time, with geological measurements at the Frasnian-Famennian (~372Mya) Boundary supporting a likely case for an atmosphere closer to 25% O2, which is high, but still human-safe at 1atm, at least for a while. And while the O2 fraction changed rapidly on a geologic timescale, it would have been many, many millennia between the extremes, so you could certainly find a time where a human could survive without respiratory distress.
I believe what they're attempting to say is that at sea level, a 15% partial pressure of oxygen is the same partial pressure that would exist at Aspen at 21%. The wording they used is fairly awkward. I don't know if that fixes your issue or not. It's not clear to me if that's a decent assumption, though, because they didn't really talk about atmospheric pressure, only oxygen concentration as a volumetric percentage and didn't discuss total atmospheric pressure from what I heard.
Yeah, I think she was talking about partial pressure the whole time. But I'm having trouble finding sources on what the average pressure is at Aspen. Ed: ok, Aspen is at 2.4km above sea level. Air pressure, therefore partial O2 (?), is about 75% there what it is at sea level. So that doesn't seem so far off from being equivalent to reducing oxygen fraction by 3/4 in a sea-level atmosphere, i.e. from 21% to 15%? Unless I'm missing something, which is very possible. That's probably what she was referring to, though.
yeah, at higher altitudes, like Leadville or Aspen, while the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere remains around 21%, the atmospheric pressure decreases. This lower pressure reduces the amount of oxygen available for the body to absorb, which is why many people experience difficulty breathing at high elevations.
My understanding is that some ferns have some vitamin C, so that might help. Also, you could strain the water through cotton cloth to filter out at least some of the parasites.
Just boil the water honestly. No parasites would have evolved resistance against higher temperatures. You might not be able to do it immediately because that requires fire (and we don't know how well Archaeopterys burns, and maybe you don't manage to start the fire before a few days), but cooking stuff, boiling liquids etc should be enough.
@@jazminmarquez3729 no flowering plants have evolved at that point. Those come hundreds of millions of years later (Cretaceous, most think). No fruits, no cotton, no most plants we're familiar.
I live on top of Devonian bedrock. If I go east, I will encounter Silurian, and if I go even further it changes to Ordovician. Finding coral fossils here isn't difficult, they're all over. Because of glaciation, however, I'm never 100% sure if they're from the Silurian or Devonian periods. And, it's little use to look at the corals to get a clue, most if not all existed in both periods-- and some are still alive today. But since I'm on Devonian bedrock, and the fact that the Silurian period was rather "short" compared to others, I think Occam's razor cuts the Devonian way.
Today, in certain cultures, yes. But generally we just want to know if we can eat the things or make the food taste better. Or maybe we want to relieve stress or feel more energetic. Many cultures have or had hallucinogens and it's really not generalized. Even today a majority of humans don't consume plants/fungi to make them high.
10:30 One of my professors (who was doing bio-stratigraphy work) once said: "sponges - I don't don't trust and animal that you can push through a sieve and it survives."
@@RedHair651 Yup, sponges fulfill just one of the barebone definition of being animals: being clone of cells with at best a single cilium growing on a collagen matrix and connected by gap junctions. They have no specialized tissue, no organs, no nervous system, just some specialized cell types that can assemble with other cells. Sponges are the only animals that if broken down to the level of their cells, can reassemble themselves. A sponge is passed through a sieve to break apart its cells. The cells recognize each other (including combining the right types of cells for all types required for survival as a sponge) and reform into small new sponges in a process called reaggregation.
Coincidentally, I'm one episode in to "Your Inner Fish" on Kanopy - in the first part, they discussed the finding of the tiktaalik - and being super excited about their hands, and how they were still attached so they could see how similar they are to human.
Wow, dream come true! I have been imagining an amazing film about human beings going back through time travel from Hollywood but I think this is even better. Not lost by Hollywood but detailed by scientists with lots of options for imagination. Thank you so much!
I feel like you guys or Kurzgesagt need to make a graphic showing when humans could survive in the geologic timeline and, if not, what the primary cause of death would be. This could make for a great D&D style setting.
Thank you for making this presentation. The one thing I really took away was think twice about what you lick in the Devonian! LOL. What I would like to ask is if EONS would make an episode about the first time trees and plants experience cold, and when they evolved mechanisms to cope with it. Love you guys!
This is such an interesting time period to be speaking of, in the devonian period there was also massive fungal structures called prototaxites. I always wonder if prototaxites was edible or not to creatures like tiktalic, or did by thatpoint fungi start actively making biological compounds that would be anti insect. I for some reason take great joy in thinking about taking a big old bite out of prototaxites.
@@norarivkis2513 ooooo fascinating imagine a fungal powered milipede eaten by a tiktalik and getting sick from underdigested fungal matter. i wonder if the fungal tissue would clone itself on the wet earth
I live five miles from Lummaton Quarry in Torquay, Devon, England. The workings exposed rocks from that geological period with its myriad fossils. It’s an unassuming place in a poor part of a not well-off town. But it is a highly significant part of our understanding of Earth geological history.
That, "distributed by PRX" got me excited about the possibility of one day finding someone from the Eons team speaking on a PRX feature on NPR! I would *love* to hear one of y'all presenting for a Science Friday program
There were also the earliest of seed plants (hence probably some edible seeds) and plenty of greenery to go around. You'd be best off in an early river delta in Euramerica.
Kelly's voice is soo soothing. I could listen to her for hours. The fact that she talks about interesting science facts is just bonus. Thank you for a wonderful podcast!
Devon is a county in England, NOT a town. we are famous for are beautiful geography, rustic cider and national parks. I'm proud to have such an interesting period named after us. p.s my town has a lot of building made from Devonian age rocks, the stone has a distinctive red coulor.
This is great! I thought the Cretaceous was the earliest a human could survive on Paleo-Earth (mostly bc there would be seeds, nuts and fruit by then) though getting eaten by a dinosaur is a huge potential downer. But if scurvy takes a while to develop, I would love a short jaunt to the comparatively Edenic Devonian Era.
... And what Hank doesn't know is that we have a time machine built around his chair and have installed cameras all throughout the Devonian jungle of creepy crawly delights. Let's see if he can figure out his puzzle map and assemble the pieces of the time key to get home. Let the fun begin!
I've been begging for Mysteries of Deep Time to come back, so I had mixed feelings when I heard the Eons podcast was coming back in a different form. While I'd still love to have more Mysteries of Deep Time, this was delightful in its own right - brava, Kallie and team!
People are complaining because Hank forgot the Devon that the Devonian is named for is a ceremonial county, not a town. But look, the US has towns bigger than Devon's 2,590 sq. miles. (Ok, fine, if you're strict about city limits, there are two, both in Alaska. But if you count metro areas, there are a lot!) Point being, not knowing a county vs. town in a foreign country is not really surprising or upsetting, especially when it's not a particularly big area.
I just think it's funny because my only real knowledge of Devon is 'historically known for dairy' and the Devonian period predates the evolution of lactation.
I learned a lot about the Devonian from this video. In fact I learned 100% more than I knew before I watched this video. And it was a fun and chill discussion which was speckled with just enough speculation to get my imagination flowing. Thanks for sharing this delightful, informative, yet casual educational video. So cool! 😃👍🏻👍🏻
A little lengthy, but very informative and makes it easier to learn and remember. Plus two of my most favorite creators, which was a huge bonus. Nice work. Thanks
Yes but what is important is the change in partial pressure. In Aspen concentration is constant, but total pressure decreases. In the Devonian concentation decreases, but total pressure remains the same. That's why spacecraft decreased total pressure while increasing oxygen concentration (until Apollo 1 showed us that's bad for testing.)
Ok, but do mosquitos exist yet? If mosquitos exist, I'm doomed no matter what time I'm in. Also watch my stupid broken immune system be allergic to archeopteris.
@@_maxgrayno it's not? Devon is 6700square kilometres. How is that a town? Population wise I can see your argument about it being small but will you then call Alaska a town too because its population is miniscule compared to it's land mass
this series is pretty interesting, i’ve always found the idea of time traveling to see different points in earth’s history for my own eyes deeply fascinating. taking such a concept and looking at with a more scientific aspect (could you survive? what would you eat? etc) is food for my deeply curious soul.
It's interesting, because the FIRST concern I had for this hypothetical was the lack of vitamin C and digestible starch. The main reason I understand this nutritional hazard is from the channel called History of the World which discusses deep time in great detail. They did an episode about a time traveler trying to find the earliest time humans could comfortably live. They said late Cretaceous because that's the soonest we'd have fruits we could digest. Before then it would be nearly impossible. Also, 18° is too cold... I need something at least 25° to 30° to be comfortable.
Altitude will change air pressure, but the atmosphere contains 21% oxygen everywhere. You will breathe in about 25% less oxygen in Aspen, but critically it won't be displaced by other gases because there's 25% less of those too. 19.5% oxygen is about the lowest safe oxygen level for people, regardless of air pressure. Unfortunately we would not survive 15% oxygen. Still a great video!
Talking about what could have caused the mass extinction events and all I keep thinking of is them being caused by time travelers just going around licking everything.
I wouldn't count us out on surviving this time period entirely. I would be willing to bet that there was some kind of plant out there that had the vitamin C we would need. Also Plants were new and had yet to be preyed on buy most animals so you wouldn't have to worry too much about the deadly poisons most plants nowadays have. Though i wouldn't count out an upset stomach or diarrhea while you were sampling the Devonian salad bar.
We’re publishing the Eons podcast right here on UA-cam during our off weeks!
As usual, we’ll be back with another regular Eons episode next week.
Great format, immaculate vibes!
I really like this. The vibe is as fun as Tangents, but much calmer. It's excellent listening.
Ichthyonian.
Was literally just scrolling through podcast feeds bored the other day and I saw Eons Mysteries of Deep Time and was sad it’s over with. This podcast and format is a welcome change, I quite enjoyed this. Thank you!
so peak
Call me sentimental, that intro, the first minute or so and I'm hooked
Beautifully written, I like science communication with a poetic touch
Yup, I'm a big fan of such eloquence
Concordo plenamente contigo 😊
It felt like a guided meditation to be honest
I'd say it's nature writing applied to paleontology :) If you liked that, you should check out Thomas Halliday. Or go back to the original: Alexander von Humboldt
Something about Hank's expression when he appears on screen at the end of the intro... 🥰
Expectation: deep scientific discussion on whether survival is possible
Reality: deep scientific discussion on whether survival is possible, and also Hank and Kallie licking everything to see what gets them high
I'm here for it.
Realistically, implausible. Most toxic amphibians got their hallucinogens to prevent getting eaten. This is too early in history for toxic skin secretions to be common. The mushroom issue is more likely though...
True I'm down
Well, mammals do 💚 the buzzzz. Only to be expected.
That's the scientist life for you, basically that's how LSD was discovered 😂😂😂
Considering the bevy of modern bacteria and viruses that omnipresently cling to all parts of us, I'm wondering if the Devonian Period could survive *me.*
hahaha! YES. Just the bits I shed on a short trip contain multitudes of microbiota with a few million years of evolution advantage over the local chumps. Walking extinction event
Seriously!! 😂
Fair point! Like they said, we're like walking cesspools of all kinds of microscopic nonsense. There's a pretty big chance some bacteria or virus hitching a ride on us could rapidly initiate a *mid* - Devonian mass extinction.
My ancestors survived the Devonian Period.
Scientifically accurate
"My ancestors are smiling at me, imperial! Can you say the same?"
At least long enough to pass on their genes. After that, they died, mostly still in the Devonian.
I survived the 80's. Check mate.
@@brocklindseth7278 I survived 2020
She just has the most relaxing and calming voice even when she’s talking about things that will eat you 😅
I don’t like her
@@mikomaxwell6313 Luckily you are always allowed to like or not like anyone within your own head. When and how you broadcast it, however, it’s only reflective of your manners😁
Vitamin C deficiency is a primate thing: most animals make their own. Our ancestors lost the ability to make vitamin C because they were REALLY into fruit and weren't under selective pressure to make their own: use it or lose it...
I'm not sure it's a universal need in all living organisms though. She was saying they aren't sure if it was actually a need during that time because there isn't evidence for it.
So the phrase use it or loose does not apply to evolutionary theory and is more attributed to Lamarckism. It is not apart of Darwin's evolution. The reason primates lost the ability to produce vitamin c is way more complicated and comes down to random chance, both because of mutation and what individuals evolved the trait lucking out. You could also apply ocum's razor and explain the existance of a slight evolutionary advantage through some form of genetic mutation. Maybe the animals that didn't produce the viatamin c used slightly less calories? TLDR, not loose it or use it, random chance evolution compensated for by dietary advantage. There is a difference.
@@Hi_Im_Akward he said most animals for a reason though, which is pretty valid. But you probably are correct about the scientific logic.
The actual weird thing is there's an evolutionary benefit for us not producing vitamin C, I just don't remember what it is...
Something to do with the high concentration of urea in our blood compared to other primates I believe.
@@adsventuresome7511 Too much of C is bad for you. If you're eating a bunch of fruits with it, it suddenly becomes in your best interest to not produce it anymore. It's not too different from generations of adapting to poisons, or spices
I could absolutely survive right up until something killed me.
Dude, same! I know I could 100%
That is true, getting killed really makes you ded
me too!
I would suvi.... "arachnids, scorpions.." Nope, ded.
That would be accurate even for today’s era
"Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creek" is the best mnemonic device I know for remembering the order of eras in order:
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pregnant camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creek terribly quickly, possibly early oiling might permit proper handling'
Yall forgetting ediacarian?
Mnemonics never made sense to me, it's just twice as much information to memorize.
@@crazyjkass This. I'll remember the mnemonic over the actual thing it's supposed to represent :/
Ooh love this screenshot need to teach my daughter thank you
Fishopod just sitting there surviving and glances over and sees Hank Green just sitting there licking trees.
Fishopod is my new favorite word. 🐟👣🐠👣
"if _this_ is what I become I don't wanna evolve anymore"
*goes back into water*
Kallie, i was just checking out your LinkedIn to learn more about you, and saw that you were a consultant for the Walt Disney Company during the creation of the Dinosaur ride at Animal Kingdom. I have always loved that ride and especially those exhibits. What a small world (…after all 🎶)! They’re closing Dinosaur soon so go see the work Kallie contributed to while you can!
@@kayc_x3 any word when it's closing?
@@mlebrooks at D23 2024, they said construction on the area will begin in phases “this fall”. There is not an official date when dinosaur will close as of yet. Its to be replaced with an Indiana jones ride
I'm so glad they brought up vitamin C, because that was the one question eating at me from the beginning of the show. The tricky thing with food is how simplistic it is to be 'fed', but still subject to life-threatening nutritional deficiencies. I like how the question of "can I eat it?" could lead to a better understanding of ancient food webs.
Parasites are going to have a time with you being so high temperature inside, when they're used to fish and fishapod pre-amphibians. That also protects us from fungi, who otherwise are opportunists. It's not foolproof but it helps.
We have millions of years of anti parasite evolution in our immune system, beyond what the devonian parasites have dealt with.
You would die immediately from the air.
@@TimeofRagnarok late devonion? Nah.
@@radikaldesignz we have evolved to breathe a very specific gas mixture, todays mixture. That is not the same millions of years ago and really not the same hundreds of millions years ago.
@TimeofRagnarok um... no. Really, anything more recent than 100 Ma, you wouldn't notice any difference. Back 300-400 Ma, the answer is less simple. You'd be a mess, but you'd live.
Edit - I mean specifically the very tail end of the devonian. That's when the mixture hits a sane, if uncomfortable, level. If oxygen were the only thing to worry about, early Devonian has an O2 peak that would work out (25%). But it's the other things that could be trouble...
Our immune system is more powerful than literally anything from back then. Our viruses and germs would destroy many species.
Now I need a shirt reading "Big Dry Land Fish".
Came here to comment the same thing. PBS eons please 🙏🏾
I had a university teacher that once pointed out that either fish don't exist, or that we're all fishes. That was a fun day🤣
I'd buy one!
“We’re all made up of star stuff, rocks, and fishes.” tees need to happen
If you want to make a cake from scratch, you first need to invent the universe.
It’s mind-blowing to think about the sheer number of creatures that had to survive and evolve over millions of years to lead to each of us. Every single fish, tiny mammal, and countless other life forms endured countless challenges, passing on their survival instincts and traits, all culminating in us being here today. It's like an unbroken chain of life stretching back through time. 🤯
I don't know if I'll ever have kids but if I don't, it's so weird to imagine I'll be the last member of this enormous chain of living beings that lead to me. Insane
@@Jacana66 My bloodline ends here
And here I am. I spent yesterday gaming out for 12 hours straight and completely forgot to eat lunch.
With billions of completely separate genetics that went extinct.
Now take that even further. How many molecules had to collide to produce the complexity that lead to a self contained mix of chemistry that's able to copy itself.
The London NHMs former Trilobite specialist Richard Fortey once ate a horseshoe crab as it was the closest he'd ever get to eating a trilobite. He said it was repulsive : )
Clearly, there were a great many things which felt that trilobites were very tasty, or they would never have had to evolve those shells.
Lmao
At least it didn't kill him
well he is british, so … 😂
@bearhustler how is your night?Have you watched The Wild Robot or The Lizzie Mcguire Movie
I love that one of the fundamental driving forces for science is, "can I eat it?"
“I’m not saying I’m going to eat it, but which of these poisonous reagents would be the most delicious?” -me to every lab instructor ever
"Don't step or lay on a scorpion"- so survival advice just doesn't change then 😂
Except that now it also includes rattlesnakes and assassin bugs. As well as poison ivy. Great thing about the devonian, no poison ivy
Nah it's safe now
Hot Tiktaalik on Tiktaalik action? Can I find that on Devonly Fans?
Underrated comment 😂
So *that’s* why I found a bunch of relic species when I was searching for hot developers in my area 😂
Oh you 😂
I see what you did there 😅😅😅😅😂😂😂
6:40 Many periods are named after western England and Wales probably because much early formal geology was done there. The Cambrian is named after Cambria (Wales), the Ordovices and Silures were Celtic tribespeople of Roman era western Britain, etc.
@@Brian----- thanks
And Devon is a county, rather than a town.
& 'Not just a few rocks' : but the rocks and fossils that defined the period.
@@ilokivi Was just about to mention the same...given I'm currently sitting in the County of Devon looking out over the granite dome uprising (Dartmoor), now weathered down, that named the period.
The Permian is named after the Perm region in Russia.
The Jurassic is named after the Jura mountains on the French-Swiss border.
i adore kallie’s laugh, it’s just so comforting weirdly and nice to hear!
The hour listening to this felt like 10 minutes.
Please continue this it was so entertaining.
In your introductory 2nd person scenario, right after "you see a tidal pool" is the perfect Choose Your Own Adventure moment. "If you decide to rush to the pool for a drink of water, go to page__" "If you choose to wait and observe the terrain for a moment, go to page__."
I judt remember reading a book like this but not about historal times and now I want to know what book that was
I used to love these so much!
I love this as a way more casual way to absorb information and learn about this time period.
Thank you both, I love listening to your voices as well.
Stay in the water, tiktaalik! It's not worth it!
I mean dunkelosteous is also in the water, so I get why tiktaalik was if maybe the land was safer.
Also, it must not soil the sacred "No bone zone."
Stay in the water tiktaalik, or otherwise you will end up paying rent, taxes and work to exhaustion just to survive
@@mariagheata2133 only it's ancestors will. but back then there was the wild land
Tiktaalik's ancestors may have been amphibians but Tiktaalik was fully aquatic, there is no way those fins could allow it to crawl about out of the water.
That intro brought me tears. I don't even know why. The voice and rythm absolutely encumbered me
There's a problem with the comparison of O2 concentrations then and in Aspen. I spent 32 years as a Respiratory Therapist, six of which were in Leadville, CO which is at a higher elevation than Aspen. The percentage of O2 in the atmosphere does not change until much much higher up in the atmosphere. However, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, which is actually how O2 gets into the blood of air-breathing mammals does decrease significantly with increasing elevation. That is why it is harder to breathe at elevations above 8500 feet above sea level. An O2 percentage of 15% is about 3% below the absolute minimum needed for human survival. You'd die of hypoxia, in minutes, probably before you could register the temperature.
Exactly. Was going to comment as well. It's neither overall atmospheric pressure nor gas fraction of oxygen that's important to our respiration, it's specifically partial pressure of oxygen (discounting that you also don't want certain other gasses to have too high a partial pressure).
That said, especially in the Late Devonian, we have evidence to indicate that there were significant fluctuations in oxygen fraction over time, with geological measurements at the Frasnian-Famennian (~372Mya) Boundary supporting a likely case for an atmosphere closer to 25% O2, which is high, but still human-safe at 1atm, at least for a while. And while the O2 fraction changed rapidly on a geologic timescale, it would have been many, many millennia between the extremes, so you could certainly find a time where a human could survive without respiratory distress.
I believe what they're attempting to say is that at sea level, a 15% partial pressure of oxygen is the same partial pressure that would exist at Aspen at 21%. The wording they used is fairly awkward. I don't know if that fixes your issue or not. It's not clear to me if that's a decent assumption, though, because they didn't really talk about atmospheric pressure, only oxygen concentration as a volumetric percentage and didn't discuss total atmospheric pressure from what I heard.
Yeah, I think she was talking about partial pressure the whole time. But I'm having trouble finding sources on what the average pressure is at Aspen.
Ed: ok, Aspen is at 2.4km above sea level. Air pressure, therefore partial O2 (?), is about 75% there what it is at sea level. So that doesn't seem so far off from being equivalent to reducing oxygen fraction by 3/4 in a sea-level atmosphere, i.e. from 21% to 15%? Unless I'm missing something, which is very possible. That's probably what she was referring to, though.
yeah, at higher altitudes, like Leadville or Aspen, while the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere remains around 21%, the atmospheric pressure decreases. This lower pressure reduces the amount of oxygen available for the body to absorb, which is why many people experience difficulty breathing at high elevations.
Children born at 8,000’ above sea level never get 10s on their apgar
I appreciated the 2nd-person story time at the start 🤤❤ asmr gold to me
*gets to the Devonian period... "What's the wifi password?"
Devonline WPA3
12345
I cant get a signal..."google how do i start a fire????" Cmonn
My understanding is that some ferns have some vitamin C, so that might help. Also, you could strain the water through cotton cloth to filter out at least some of the parasites.
Just boil the water honestly. No parasites would have evolved resistance against higher temperatures.
You might not be able to do it immediately because that requires fire (and we don't know how well Archaeopterys burns, and maybe you don't manage to start the fire before a few days), but cooking stuff, boiling liquids etc should be enough.
Is there cotton there? Or would they just use the clothes they traveled back in time with?
@@jazminmarquez3729 no flowering plants have evolved at that point. Those come hundreds of millions of years later (Cretaceous, most think). No fruits, no cotton, no most plants we're familiar.
I loved your intro Callie, I've always been interested in this period and you really brought it to life.
I live on top of Devonian bedrock. If I go east, I will encounter Silurian, and if I go even further it changes to Ordovician. Finding coral fossils here isn't difficult, they're all over. Because of glaciation, however, I'm never 100% sure if they're from the Silurian or Devonian periods. And, it's little use to look at the corals to get a clue, most if not all existed in both periods-- and some are still alive today. But since I'm on Devonian bedrock, and the fact that the Silurian period was rather "short" compared to others, I think Occam's razor cuts the Devonian way.
I'm jealous! I have no doubt that it's a beautiful area.
So jelly! That sounds really cool!
Fellow Devonshire person?
@@EarlGreyLattex South Western Ontario.
I love how they admit that a curiosity is “can these ancient plants/fungi get me high” because that is the most human things I have ever heard
Today, in certain cultures, yes.
But generally we just want to know if we can eat the things or make the food taste better. Or maybe we want to relieve stress or feel more energetic.
Many cultures have or had hallucinogens and it's really not generalized. Even today a majority of humans don't consume plants/fungi to make them high.
Devonian tree sized fungi! Yum! Take some ingredients for creamed mushroom on ciabatta toast.
No wheat. >_< No milk-making mammals. >_
@@MossyMozart That's why you take them with you from our time
i think they were mostly chitin so you'd actually break your teeth trying to eat one
@@MossyMozarty’all never milked a fish?
10:30 One of my professors (who was doing bio-stratigraphy work) once said: "sponges - I don't don't trust and animal that you can push through a sieve and it survives."
Is that based on reality?
@@RedHair651 Yup, sponges fulfill just one of the barebone definition of being animals: being clone of cells with at best a single cilium growing on a collagen matrix and connected by gap junctions. They have no specialized tissue, no organs, no nervous system, just some specialized cell types that can assemble with other cells.
Sponges are the only animals that if broken down to the level of their cells, can reassemble themselves. A sponge is passed through a sieve to break apart its cells. The cells recognize each other (including combining the right types of cells for all types required for survival as a sponge) and reform into small new sponges in a process called reaggregation.
@@jkosch well that might get us some clues on origin of life research at least… tks for that info
Coincidentally, I'm one episode in to "Your Inner Fish" on Kanopy - in the first part, they discussed the finding of the tiktaalik - and being super excited about their hands, and how they were still attached so they could see how similar they are to human.
Great episode, loved the chemistry between you guys. Laughed and learned the whole way through
"Year four, I'm licking everything,"
Well... this de-evolved quickly.
Kallie, I really love the rhythm and feel of your intro.
Short answer: no
Long answer: probably not
I'm barely surviving this one
😂
REAL
Pretty much guaranteed that you're not going to survive all the way out of the Holocene, although if you're lucky your descendants might.
Love how we had an dnd amphibian session
Great stuff guys! Kallie is a great host! And it's always nice to have Hank back for a bit
Have scientists considered time travelers bonking fishapods on the head as a contributing factor in the end Devonian extinction?
What about words of encouragement
That intro was magical
Wow, dream come true! I have been imagining an amazing film about human beings going back through time travel from Hollywood but I think this is even better. Not lost by Hollywood but detailed by scientists with lots of options for imagination. Thank you so much!
I feel like you guys or Kurzgesagt need to make a graphic showing when humans could survive in the geologic timeline and, if not, what the primary cause of death would be. This could make for a great D&D style setting.
Kallie's such a great story-teller 😊
35:07. If there's a plant with leaves like a banana plant, you can make a bowl out of that and boil water in it.
There isn't. Large leaves only evolved later.
The sun is a deadly Laser 15:10
Missed opportunity on Hanks part 😂
I can’t wait to sleep to this series. Would love to see the Silurian too. Cooksonia and the rest of the landscape sounds like a fever dream
Thanks!
Thank you for making this presentation. The one thing I really took away was think twice about what you lick in the Devonian! LOL. What I would like to ask is if EONS would make an episode about the first time trees and plants experience cold, and when they evolved mechanisms to cope with it. Love you guys!
This was so much fun! You guys are awesome
This is such an interesting time period to be speaking of, in the devonian period there was also massive fungal structures called prototaxites. I always wonder if prototaxites was edible or not to creatures like tiktalic, or did by thatpoint fungi start actively making biological compounds that would be anti insect. I for some reason take great joy in thinking about taking a big old bite out of prototaxites.
Tiktaalik was a carnivore, so nope. But they might've been edible to things like millipedes.
@@norarivkis2513 ooooo fascinating imagine a fungal powered milipede eaten by a tiktalik and getting sick from underdigested fungal matter. i wonder if the fungal tissue would clone itself on the wet earth
There are trunks of prototaxites with bored worm holes. Things ate them.
@@magnolia1253 i just am curious what it would feel like to take a bite of a big ole mushie bigger than my head
I live five miles from Lummaton Quarry in Torquay, Devon, England. The workings exposed rocks from that geological period with its myriad fossils.
It’s an unassuming place in a poor part of a not well-off town. But it is a highly significant part of our understanding of Earth geological history.
That, "distributed by PRX" got me excited about the possibility of one day finding someone from the Eons team speaking on a PRX feature on NPR! I would *love* to hear one of y'all presenting for a Science Friday program
I was not expecting this to be like an episode of Delicious in Dungeons, where you're excited to try everything 😭
You better like eating fish. 😊
But don't eat Tiktaalik. They are our ancestors.
I dunno. You could supplement your diet with arthropods, shellfish and early tetrapods. Depends on what they ate.
Mmmmm...swamp muck flavor!
@@brianreddeman951nothing like tetrapod on a stick!
@@georgebetrian676 Eating your literal grandgrand...grandparent might have unknown consequences.
There were also the earliest of seed plants (hence probably some edible seeds) and plenty of greenery to go around. You'd be best off in an early river delta in Euramerica.
Love the voice, the diction, and the pace of her storytelling of the past. LOVE THE SERIES ❤
I was thinking this would answer if Hank Green specifically could survive the Devonian
Kelly's voice is soo soothing. I could listen to her for hours. The fact that she talks about interesting science facts is just bonus. Thank you for a wonderful podcast!
Devon is a county in England, NOT a town. we are famous for are beautiful geography, rustic cider and national parks. I'm proud to have such an interesting period named after us.
p.s my town has a lot of building made from Devonian age rocks, the stone has a distinctive red coulor.
Can I just say that these two are my absolute FAVORITE science hippies!! What a great episode, thanks
This is great! I thought the Cretaceous was the earliest a human could survive on Paleo-Earth (mostly bc there would be seeds, nuts and fruit by then) though getting eaten by a dinosaur is a huge potential downer. But if scurvy takes a while to develop, I would love a short jaunt to the comparatively Edenic Devonian Era.
I listened to a podcast version of this but wanted to comment because it was awesome and I'm very excited for the next episodes!
I want to design a "clubbin' in the Devonian" t-shirts with a little hank green with a club getting ready to whack a Tiktaalik...
... And what Hank doesn't know is that we have a time machine built around his chair and have installed cameras all throughout the Devonian jungle of creepy crawly delights. Let's see if he can figure out his puzzle map and assemble the pieces of the time key to get home. Let the fun begin!
I've been begging for Mysteries of Deep Time to come back, so I had mixed feelings when I heard the Eons podcast was coming back in a different form. While I'd still love to have more Mysteries of Deep Time, this was delightful in its own right - brava, Kallie and team!
2 episodes in! I'm so excited/ in love with this series. That poem at the beginning of each episode sells it. Can't wait for the next one!
People are complaining because Hank forgot the Devon that the Devonian is named for is a ceremonial county, not a town. But look, the US has towns bigger than Devon's 2,590 sq. miles. (Ok, fine, if you're strict about city limits, there are two, both in Alaska. But if you count metro areas, there are a lot!) Point being, not knowing a county vs. town in a foreign country is not really surprising or upsetting, especially when it's not a particularly big area.
I just think it's funny because my only real knowledge of Devon is 'historically known for dairy' and the Devonian period predates the evolution of lactation.
I mean, my state is bigger than your country. And I ain't even in one of the real big ones!
Island mentality is what it is. The British Empire was a looooong time ago.
I learned a lot about the Devonian from this video. In fact I learned 100% more than I knew before I watched this video. And it was a fun and chill discussion which was speckled with just enough speculation to get my imagination flowing. Thanks for sharing this delightful, informative, yet casual educational video. So cool! 😃👍🏻👍🏻
If Hank is angry at the Devonian for being named after Devon, England, I hope he doesn't think too hard about the Jurassic...
It was named after Uranus, of course
A little lengthy, but very informative and makes it easier to learn and remember. Plus two of my most favorite creators, which was a huge bonus. Nice work. Thanks
I want a pet Tiktaalik and I would name him Devon.
This feels like you're talking about a cool planet in a sci-fi book. But it's us!
17:36 “I am your destiny” 😂
I find it truly amazing what archeologists have discovered since I was little. I'm 68 now. Its just flabbergasting what has been dis covered
Town of Devon? Devon is a county.
Oh, those Yankees...
This changes everything
An 'England is my city' moment.
THIS VIDEO IS MY BIRTHDAY GIFT, THANK YOU 😍
Grandfather paradox the whole of humanity 😂😂
Watching Kallie narrate is so cool!!! Glad the podcast is back ❤️🧡💛💚💙💜
Love Kallie’s voice. I would listen to her read or talk about anything.
i really hope you guys keep doing this podcast, it’s amazing
The % of o2 is the same at aspen at about 20%. It’s the pressure that’s less. 15% sets off alarms for o2 sensors. It’s bad.
Yes but what is important is the change in partial pressure. In Aspen concentration is constant, but total pressure decreases. In the Devonian concentation decreases, but total pressure remains the same.
That's why spacecraft decreased total pressure while increasing oxygen concentration (until Apollo 1 showed us that's bad for testing.)
Oh, I always thought the Earth had more atmospheric pressure in the past and its been steadily decreasing as the solar wind strips it away.
I gotta say that it's nice to hear a real voice and such a perfect voice for making you want to listen
Ok, but do mosquitos exist yet? If mosquitos exist, I'm doomed no matter what time I'm in. Also watch my stupid broken immune system be allergic to archeopteris.
No mosquitoes, they’re Cretaceous
Mosquitos would need there to be land animals and possibly mammals?
They say in LITERALLY the first 10 seconds "and no insects". Watch the video before commenting you mouth breather.
i listened to the entire podcast about the universe with Dr. Mack and John Green. i cannot WAIT for more episodes of this!
Devon is not a town, it's a county. I feel like we've been through this before with Hank and perhaps Cornwall.
In Hank's defense, Devon is the size of a town in terms of both physical size and population...
@@_maxgrayno it's not? Devon is 6700square kilometres. How is that a town? Population wise I can see your argument about it being small but will you then call Alaska a town too because its population is miniscule compared to it's land mass
You are an extremely talented and capable communicator. I’m very impressed.
How ya doin' PIttsburgh? We're The Big Dry Land Fish...
...we changed our name from Walking Planet...
this series is pretty interesting, i’ve always found the idea of time traveling to see different points in earth’s history for my own eyes deeply fascinating. taking such a concept and looking at with a more scientific aspect (could you survive? what would you eat? etc) is food for my deeply curious soul.
It's interesting, because the FIRST concern I had for this hypothetical was the lack of vitamin C and digestible starch. The main reason I understand this nutritional hazard is from the channel called History of the World which discusses deep time in great detail. They did an episode about a time traveler trying to find the earliest time humans could comfortably live. They said late Cretaceous because that's the soonest we'd have fruits we could digest. Before then it would be nearly impossible.
Also, 18° is too cold... I need something at least 25° to 30° to be comfortable.
This is both fascinating and so entertaining! Thanks you all!!!!
Altitude will change air pressure, but the atmosphere contains 21% oxygen everywhere. You will breathe in about 25% less oxygen in Aspen, but critically it won't be displaced by other gases because there's 25% less of those too.
19.5% oxygen is about the lowest safe oxygen level for people, regardless of air pressure. Unfortunately we would not survive 15% oxygen.
Still a great video!
It was fun to listen to this podcast format. Hope you will do more.
Talking about what could have caused the mass extinction events and all I keep thinking of is them being caused by time travelers just going around licking everything.
And bonking things on the head
An excellent episode and a welcome return of the podcast!
I wouldn't count us out on surviving this time period entirely. I would be willing to bet that there was some kind of plant out there that had the vitamin C we would need. Also Plants were new and had yet to be preyed on buy most animals so you wouldn't have to worry too much about the deadly poisons most plants nowadays have. Though i wouldn't count out an upset stomach or diarrhea while you were sampling the Devonian salad bar.
That was really fun, I always enjoy seeing Hank Green again