Transistors Explained - How transistors work
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- Опубліковано 5 бер 2021
- Transistors how do transistors work. In this video we learn how transistors work, the different types of transistors, electronic circuit basics, how to build a transistor circuit, transistor amplifier, current gain beta, npn, pnp, heat sink, electronics and electrical engineering. Plus more!
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Thank u so much
I have been waiting and waiting for a long time
Thanks so much
This is absolutely best video about transistor.thank you very much.❤️
I enjoy your videos but sometimes when you use conventional current I get really confused I'm used to electron flow
20 years after I had to study electronics at school, I finally understood how transistors work.
you didn't study electronics then
you studied how to use certain electronic components in a very limited setup
Like ohm's law, how to power a LED using a battery and a resistor. And that's probably it
@@xl000 that was true. And I still got a degree haha
Then got out in real world and found I was dumber than a box of rocks
Me too 10 years after, shame on education system!
Because teachers are not allowed by gov to teach magic tricks in unis or colleges so you can become smart. They show you only rubbish stuff so they can discourage you from learning and stay dum. Shame on education gov teacher, they teach good stuff only to rich idiots.
🤣😂😅
This video is better than the instructors explanation at university 😐😐
Tell them to use our videos
This channel is already famous at MMU. However, I wish I can tell them to teach with the same passion..!!!
@@EngineeringMindset what a massive replay🙏
im saying. never going back to that hell lmaooo youtube university
@@posskat9747 Sadly YT has no labs for experiments
I've been an Electrician for years, but Electronics has always been a bit of a dark art to me, these videos are great! really well explained, good job!
@DON'T CLICK THIS VIDEO true
@MikeProductions1000 I'm a dual trade instrumentation technician/electrician. While fault finding (eg. a motor circuit) yes we will follow schematic drawings or wiring diagrams to diagnose a fault however some pieces of equipment may not have available drawings so you definitely need to be able to fault find without drawings.
@MikeProductions1000 most of the time working on industrial/commercial jobs, the installations are old and if you ask the customer for the drawings, they look at you as if you've got 2 heads 😂
This is one of "THE" best educational content I've ever seen... You explained both Diode and Transistor in 1 video and you did it in 18 minutes... That's just awesome...✌️✌️
Over 55 years ago (when I was 10) I was given a birthday present of a simple electronics kit. Several things could be made from it... from buzzers to flashing lights, to even a simple SW radio. While I had no idea at the time what was happening (in terms of the Physics), and needed only to follow very clear instructions as to how to wire the components, the fact that "joining all these bits" in different ways resulted in things with very different properties was very exciting.
Now - over half a century later - I discover this remarkable video that beautifully explains the inner workings!
Excellent material.
I can help you with time travel
What a Nostalgic Story 👏
I got one too. Best gift ever! Never became an engineer tho, or an electrician. xD
@@kebman never too late...oh do you like hamhocks or neckbones in your collard greens 🤔
@@lawoull.6581 ??? 🤨
0:44 Heat sink and resin case
2:40 As a switch
4:19 As an amplifier
7:13 Diagram of BJT amplifier
15:31 Actual working
@DON'T CLICK THIS VIDEO Re-think your life
9:40 I almost fainted when I saw 4 electrons in 2nd orbit and 1 in 3rd orbit.
That's not how it works
Very helpful
@@gerolifium it clearly states simplified atom - Bohr model
A conventional current is true because the current isn't just flow of electrons. In electrical current, all charged particles move. Including positive. Positively charged particles flow in one direction, negatively charged - in opposite.
This is actually really comprehensive and not boring/sleep-inducing. Great job
This is by far the best explanation of basic transistors that I have ever watched! And I’ve watched many many of them. I used to work in a semiconductor physics lab, and you have explained it better than the professor did, in clearer and more easily assimilated terms. This kind of stuff is really needed by many people. Kudos to you 👍
Perhaps a professor is more driven by his pride in knowledge and ability to answer questions as oppose to focusing on how to explain things better.
In 1966 I was a Marine stationed at Camp LeJeune in North Carolina. My Company Commander sent me to a 4 week course on transistors. About 99% of the transceiver equipment in the Corps at that time used tubes. I graduated first in my class and was rewarded by my Commander by a promotion to Corporal. Imagine sitting in a class for 7 hours a day for 4 weeks just learning about transistors. We went into detailed theory and saw movies on the process of manufacturing all forms of transistors; plus we did lots of lab work where we built transistor circuits and learned how to troubleshoot them. I'm 75 now but still remember much of what I learned in that course. After I left the Corps in 1968 I became an Electrical Engineer and worked mostly with communications receivers and sonar until 2012 when I retired. I had a great career and now I mostly goof off on the 5 country acres my wife, 4 cats, and I live on. Cheers to all.
The aliens gave the military transistor tech
Fun fact: The Fallout universe doesn't have these, which is why everything looks 50s and bulky, even in the future.
I am a finance student learning about transistors and almost understood 80% of it. This guy is a genius teacher. God bless you.
This is the BEST channel for clear explanations :D thank you!
Glad you think so!
I agree!!
@@EngineeringMindset can you go over harmonic distortion? A video on that. I just heard of that at my job, also more three phase stuff if possible your videos are amazing!
@@94mac reflections, and harmonic distortions.... What about voltage standing wave reflections? =D
Very true. I mean, he's just really good.
1000 times better than my entire semester of electronics ❤️
It's great to look back on transistor theory, I am a qualified ex TV engineer from back in the early 80,s to late 90,s. I've replaced so many transistor s it's difficult to quantify. From Audio visual I went into medical lasers and had a wonderful career. These videos are very easy to understand, and invaluable. Thanks.
I was so confused by the explanation of our professor. This is so much clearer and I finally understand how this little component works. Hope there will be a follow-up video on JFET and MOSFET in the future.
I was a technician long time ago, I knew already this semiconductor works 😊 keep up man!
See my new MOSFET explained video here➡️: ua-cam.com/video/AwRJsze_9m4/v-deo.html
@@EngineeringMindset fantastic! Really appreciate what you're doing for the community
I am an electronics engineer, working in Core field since last 2 years.... 4 years of graduation studies and 2 years of practical work... But the clarity I got on how a transistor works is *TODAY* ❤️ UR ANIMATION IS BEAUTIFUL... LOVE FROM INDIA 👍
You became an electronics engineer without knowing how basic electronics work?
This dude rocks tbh. Explains stuffs better than most professors. :')
50 years ago, the emphasis was on "hole flow" in the U. S. Navy electronics technician school. I didn't fully understand how transistors worked until I took an engineering correspondence course. Your explanation is easier to understand.
P side has holes and n side which flows through the holes and it immediately is transported to the current. BJT
My tuition to a technical college was sponsored by a major corporation to learn these same theories. I hope people realize the value of information like this which is shared freely...
Ah yes a randomly recommended year old video to help teach me about stuff i didnt know. Thank you
The inventors of the transistor, Shockley, Bardeen,and Bratain certainly deserved that noble prize! It was the discovery that changed the world for sure!
I wish my professors had explained electronics so effectively. Electronics was never so easy for me. Thank you for these videos, I am now able to understand things better rather than remembering them.
Its not professors problem but its time given to explain such topics . For you its needed more time to understand but it's ok to understand late ok 😊
@@Scolar69 it is the professor's problem
they're supposed to be skilled teachers, if they can't teach a subject like this in a time limit, they are not worth paying for
This channel is gold,nobody has ever broke stuff down as well,thank you.
oh Man! You explained what they taught me in Electronics Engineering course in one semester in just a 18 min video with much more clarity. Thanks a lot. This is one of the best educational video.
I am 3rd year ECE student and i can confidently say that the majority of what you can learn in uni, is packed in these few minutes of videos, just take time to understand. Well aside from learning how to please the professor to squeeze a few more points. thankyou sirs!
Nobody has ever managed to explain this to me in a meaningful way before, but this video was on point on the first watch. Thank you!
This was the first time that I totally understand what a transistor really is and how it functions. Thanks fella.
Spent 4 years working for as a traveling industrial engineer/mechanic. The non/pnp break down and water flow diagram was much better than the 2 week electrical course. Kudos.
0:17: 💡 A transistor is an important electronic component that can act as a switch and amplify signals.
4:01: 🔌 This text explains how a transistor works and its applications.
6:38: 🔌 The video explains how transistors work and the direction of electron flow.
9:48: ⚡ The structure of a conductor atom, the role of valence and conduction bands, and the concept of doping in semiconductors.
12:50: ⚡ The process of forming a PN junction and its behavior in a transistor.
16:08: 💡 The video explains how a transistor works in a P-type material with reverse bias.
Recap by Tammy AI
I love this video, it's so helpful. I use npn and pnp type sensors connected to an arduino very often, but I'm a little bit confused as to the circuitry involved. A video on npn/pnp type sensors and how they connect to microcontrollers would be really great!
YOU READ MY MIND, just watched your video on led's yesterday and thought to myself only this guy can explain me a transistor
Excellent, thanks.
This is so well explained that it further cements the fact that your professor can make your academic ambitions a miserable endeavor if they are unable to explain concepts in simple ways
Best tutorial ever. Even a smol braine like myself gets it. Thanks!
I was studying this for my exam and your video came just on time. Is this just a coincidence 😁. Great explanation ✌️
Perfect! Good luck
@@EngineeringMindset bro toroidal subject pls
jee?
@@DevanshMatha No, for my college exam!
I came, I saw, I subscribed!
EDIT: after checking the videos, I conclude that this channel is a gem! I really admire and respect your effort put into this and also your ability to simplify things in order to explain them like this.
Where was UA-cam during my school time? Life changing. Thank you
You should be a professor. I have watched 3 of your videos to prepare for my labs and all of them are so helpful and inspiring.
YES THANK YOU FINALLY A GREAT VIDEO ON THIS TOPIC
Glad you liked it!
@@EngineeringMindset
I know right!
The best explanation of a transistor I’ve seen yet. Great Job.
i was thinking that an 18 mins video to explain this would be way too long, turns out, it taught me more than id learnt in my 30 or more hours of electronics classes at university back in the day! good vid
I always wondered why the arrows in transistors and diodes pointed the opposite direction to electron flow. I'd also heard transistors described as essentially two back-to-back diodes, but couldn't wrap my head around that analogy.
Now I have answers to both of those! Thank you!
This is the best material on transistor fundamentals I managed to find. Highly grateful you made this available. Thank you.
?
This really is such a good explanation for transistors. Not a lot of channels seem to get it right or explain it with such clarity
I wish this video existed 10 years ago. Some professors aren't adept at simplifying concepts so I had to teach myself a lot, so to speak. I'm on an entirely different field now, but this video is a very nice refresher.
It is not common for me to feel educated. Today you have made me feel educated. My deepest gratitude to all those who contributed any to this video and its creation.
Thank you.
Sincerely.
I discovered this channel when I was studying for my CETa, but I still keep learning with even better videos. Nice work!
RATIO
From last 3 day our tution teacher is explaining this whole topic but i didnt even understand a single point of it.
But within 18 minutes you teach in the simplest way which i dont think anyone could explain this to me.
Thank you.
You have got my subscription. Its clear, concise, straight to the point and goes over everything you need to know. Thank you so much dude! I would love a video of how they work together in computers if you don’t already have one.
40 years after I first heard about the terms "semi conductor" and "transistors", I now know what they mean.
Thank you brother.
5:36 your diagrams are brilliant. Thank you so much. NO amount of reading was able to get me to visualize that the current passed through the base was going through the emitter and not just staying there. I thought a current HAD to be going into the collector to get any output through the emitter. Thanks!
The absolute best explanation of the transistor I have ever seen since electronics college in 1980. Great Job.
Your first example is funny! To automate a switch use another switch 😂
This video wouldn't stop popping up on my recommended so here I am
Never understood transistor operation until I watched this. Great detailed visual explanation. Thank you!
Brilliant, I have been an Engineer for years, and it’s always good to go back to basics 👍
I wish I could've seen this vid in 4 yrs of my electrical engineering. Really well explained!!!
Same. I graduated the same year this video released
Brilliant explanation without mindless monotonal droning. Thank you so much. This actually helps me with some projects I've struggled with. The interwebs needs more content like this and fewer "watch me do my makeup" or "unbox the iPhone" videos.
I am so glad UA-cam set this to my feed. Always been somewhat curious about electronics, so cool to have a deeper understanding on how it all works.
I was waiting for this video since you uploaded the community post.
Amazing explanation!
I love how you use comprehensive analogies to explain seemingly complicated concepts✨
Glad you liked it!
I am a civil engineer and the way Paul explained it even I can understand what a transistor does now.
Keep uploading sir👍😁 you helping people who interested in electronics and cant pay semester just like me😁 its better to watch your channel than go to school 😉😁thank u so much, i learn a lot of this channel😁👍Godbless to you sir🙏🏻💛😁
I will try my best
Thank you sir 🙏🏻😊
Side note about conventional vs electron flow (which im sure is covered in the battery video, but i like explaining it, so here I go...) Imagine a pipe that contains a row of marbles. In order for a marble to move there must be a space for it to move into. To create a space for a marble to move into, ie a hole, you can remove one marble from the end and the rest of the marbles will shift forward one marble space. If you slow this down as you remove one marble from the end the next marble will shift into its position which now opens a space behind it for the next marble shift into, and so on down the line. As the marbles, ie electrons, shift in one direction the wave front of their motion, ie current, moves in the other. Moving electrons give rise to electrical current. Ergo to have current in one direction electron marbles move in the other.
Grasping that concept was incredibly helpful to understanding more about how electricity and electronics work.
Also this videos visuals of the doped regions of a transistor and how they function are miles above any other explanation I have ever seen. And I'm no spring chicken. Thumbs up.
I used to believe I wasn't proficient in academics, as it took me seven years to complete my Btech course, and I ultimately couldn't achieve success, leading to my dropout. However, upon viewing this video, I have come to recognize that the primary responsibility for my struggles should be attributed to the teacher who instructed the subject. Now, having watched this video, I find that I can effortlessly grasp the same material that once posed challenges for me. Thank you very much for saving me.
The various historical records say that the transistor was invented Dec. 23, 1947 at AT&T’s Bell Laboratories by scientists William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain. On that day, they demonstrated transistor amplification with a point contact transistor.” Bell Labs was the best back in the days! Great video with lot of hard work. Thanks.
Thanks! That's the first explanation I've seen that explains *why* the collector and emitter are different (the amount of doping), and why current flows in the one direction. (Other explanations show apparent symmetry between collector and emitter.) Explaining what causes it to amplify current was a bonus.
Man, these tutorials are so meaty, my brain hurts watching them. But, now that I'm hooked on working with electronic components, I'm glad someone out there is tackling this arcane subject matter, dumbing it down for the masses, and presenting it to we technically challenged folks, hopefully so we can grasp its fundamentals. Thanks for that.
The excellent explanation starts at 14:00. Before that it's just visualizations using water pipes and such which does not explain how a transistor works at all.
Great explanation, I've been dealing and electronics for about 45-50 years now. Work for one of the major communication companies for 36 years. Today is April 4th 2022
That is the most clear and concise explanation of a transistor I've seen. Thank you.
It is first very good explanation of transistor work in necessary details ( the base voltage 0.5V when transistor is still closed and the 0.8V and greater when transistor is opened is important information, transistor does not get opened in range from 0 - 0.5V). Any person who wants to do anything with transistor should watch it.
Ive seen countless videos on low level computing, even some series on people making breadboard computers and stuff, and yet only now have i found an explanation for transistors that i can somehow understand!
Finally I understand what I couldn't for years, thanks!
Omg thanks a lot! I learnt this chapter twice and still didn't understand but saw your video once understood everything capacitance, inductors and transistors. Really like the way you compare it to water pipes very good comparison thanks a lot. you might have just increased my physics marks in my upcoming test. thanks😀
Literally understood something in one video what I was trying to learn for a week. Thank you very much
gerrin cabbage
I did not expect a video on transistors to successfully explain covalent bonding in a way that all of my Chemistry classes failed to do so.
a really useful thing i learned (and it made PNP transistors make complete sense to me), is that both NPN and PNP transistors (as well as N-channel and P-channel MOSFETs) are purely symmetrical.
See my new MOSFET explained video here➡️: ua-cam.com/video/AwRJsze_9m4/v-deo.html
Excellent! I wish I had this clear an explanation when I took electronics courses
at University. This gives a real understanding of the workings of a fundamental
electronic component.
Please keep up the good work!
Bob
i was thinking the same bob
My aircraft AC instructor needs to watch this video, I wish I found this when I was studying for the exam, it would have made it a lot easier.
thankyou @EngineeringMindset, it so helpful to me.I have a suggestion for u that for this video you have to place the video from 7 minute in the beginning to know what exactly transistor is, then explain how it works.
Just put my first transistor circuit together, so proud, thank you so much
This explanation is much better that in my first year of college.
Thank you for explaining the source of confusion related to electron flow in an electrical circuit: negative to positive; while conventional terminology will show a flow from positive to negative. I think the confusion is further exacerbated by the failure to distinguish between potential (voltage) and electron flow. I think of the positive side as a magnet attracting the electrons. The magnetic pull is in one direction, the electron flow in the other.
Well put!
Yes, but a diode makes that theory false. Electrons cannot flow negative to positive through the diode.
More Clear And Neat Than I learned Before In Physics Subject!!!, Thanks
The best classic electronic engineering tutorial ever seen
This is one of the best presentations of this information. I would love to see this level of detail in doing basic amplifier design, sizing resistors and capacitors to a particular application.
I don't think that this guy can do basic amplifier design, it would cover every conceivable design aspect taking a few months to complete the video.
Check out NEW resistor video, everything covered! ➡️ ua-cam.com/video/DYcLFHgVCn0/v-deo.html
Please keep making videos. These are so much more helpful than reading it in a book. Love that you return to the fundamentals before moving on to the more advanced ideas. Well done
You explain both transistor and how electricity works, and also clarify that electrons flows from the negative to the positive, I guess that's why scientist called it "subatomic particle with a negative charge". You really blow my mind.
Excellent video. Great visuals and explanation. Better than any explanations I've received by instructors/trainers.
2:48 - I've been tinkering with electronics since I was about 8 years old.
I'm now 30.
Up until I saw this diagram, and tested it myself, I never knew current which isn't referenced to the collector and emitter could trigger the transistor.
I always thought the base current had to originate from the same supply connected the the collector.
When I tried this out, I was actually mind-blown. The number of times I've had to needlessly use opto isolators, and relays in the past came flooding back.
The tricky thing is that usually, when designing circuits, you only consider _relative_ voltages between parts of a circuit. When using multiple power sources without a common ground, this can get you in trouble :) If you want to build something like a CPU out of discrete transistors, you really don't want there to be unexpected voltage gradients in the circuit.
wow .... well done , this is by far the best , years and years of people trying to explain this , I know what they do and how to use them but always wanted to know how it works and you have provided me with the how thank you
Something to note: Since the electron "flow" occurs on the outer surface of a copper wire, it's very important to strip wires without gouging or nicking them. When you do, you are essentially creating a "pothole in a highway" that will cause heat build up and eventual failure of the circuit as electrons "crash into each other".
So.....in any circuit, delays usually mean heat?
best lesson i've ever seen no doubt. Better than 6 hours in my university for transistor
That feeling when watchin 5 minutes of this video learn you more then 4 years of school
I can't thank enough for this video. Didn't understand anything on online classes and was too lazy to prepare myself. And you explained everything clearly in 18 mins my professor couldn't in a week.
Thank-you for clearing up something I always wanted to know for about 40 years. Subscribed.
Thats an excelled audio visual explanation of PNP and NPN junction. Thanks for sharing the video
Very good explanation, thank you 👍
When i watch your video it makes me fell good and sad in the same time. Cause good for a good content which makes me interesting to watch and sad for if i got this type of animated and proper content when i was learning for my education it would be too much easier and enjoyable learning for me. So thumbs up 👍👌 for good and hard working. Wishing you good and healthy life.
Ditto.
With the magnitude of clarity coming from each of these videos, I'm now totally convinced that the Big Ten engineering school I graduated from for Electrical Engineering 20+ years ago was in business of making its students repeat engineering courses or take less of them in a semester to better-absorb the material so that we'd have to stay for that 5th year just for an undergrad degree. The way this material is presented in these videos reminds me of how some of those 60's educational videos used to be with the cartoon animation to help visualize how all this stuff works.