The Battle of Tours: a turning point in European History
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- Опубліковано 17 чер 2024
- Charles Martel led his forces to victory over Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi in a struggle in France in 732. The History Guy remembers the battle of Tours, also called Battle of Poitiers, and the start of the Reconquista. It was a turning point in European history.
The episode discusses events and shows some artwork depicting a period of war, which some viewers may find disturbing. All events are described for educational purposes and are presented in historical context.
The History Guy uses images that are in the Public Domain. As photographs of actual events are often not available, I will sometimes use photographs of similar events or objects for illustration.
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The episode is intended for educational purposes. All events are presented in historical context.
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His strategy of fighting on a sloped hill with forests protecting his flanks is one of the many things mentioned in Sun Tzu's book. It at least shows that he had a good grasp on tactics and strategy, and knew very well what the strengths and weaknesses of his army where. Hes a very underappreciated military commander.
There's no proof that Sun Tzu even existed. Many believe that The Art Of War was created from numerous different authors and then later penned as a creation of the mythical Sun Tzu.
I know of Tours, but not the surrounding history--which as usual, the History Guy does so all! Thanks as always.
"The 15 decisive battles of The World, from Marathon to Waterloo" by Sir Edward Creasy, is a great book to read, and covers this battle.
@ "The History Guy"... you are so freaking awesome! You literally make my life better, I hope you know that... When you upload a new video it brightens my day; it's the antithesis of receiving bad news :) Please keep it up Sir, you make the world a brighter and more interesting place. I was having a fairly crap night... taking a walk and listening to your video and it did a world of difference and now I feel so much better! Take care Sir! : D
I think some people saying it was just a raid is a little disingenuous. Even if the Moors' "only" goal was to plunder Tours, they were led by the governor himself, and they were also well aware that they were probing the defences of the Franks. If they had met no serious defence, and had succeeded in sacking Tours, they would have been back with a larger army.
Very interesting video, thanks! In Spain, the battle is known as the Battle of Poitiers. Also, I believe Martel actually means "hammer", which is the moniker. That is, Charles Martel translates as Charles the Hammer.
Yes, in France this battle is known as th battle of Poitiers, where Charles Martell "hammered" the Mores. I still remember laughing at it as a child in school... thanks for the video.
@@henrimichelpierreplana4332Almost got slain by the frightening Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Abd Al-Ghafiqi.
The Moors also brought to Tours another innovation called "stirrups." Martel was quick to adopt them and used them to build his heavy cavalry. With which he heavily defeated the Moors 5 years later. The first battle in which European cavalry used stirrups.
This is actually one of the few topics on this channel I actually learned about in grade school history class.
Charles Martel was a true hero
Always good stuff! Thank you History Guy!
Just discovered that Charles "The Hammer" Martel is my 39th Great Grandfather so I especially enjoyed this episode. Of course we're all related cousins but it's cool to see it documented all the way back.
Everyone with Europeans blood is a descendant of Charlemagne.
Thanks for mentioning the controversy over the significance of Tours. I discuss that as well in our video on the battle. Well done as always Sir.
After what has happened in Serbia we should consider ourselves lucky that the "Moors" did not make more inroads into Europe. I love your channel and your programing choices.
@Nick Milligan yes, and I think they will regret it. In Sweden alone, crime has tripled in the last couple of years.
Iraq has WMD.
Totally.
What happened in Serbia 🙄
@@messigoat5565 Othoman Turks invaded Serbia , persecuted the christian serbs for several centuries , killed and enslaved millions of christian serbs and created kosovo a cesspool of extremist turkish settlers who keep kidnapping and attacking christian serbs till this day ... last time the serbs tried to retaliate against the kosovo jihadists , the u.s.a under Clinton bombed them
That was a excellent episode. I had read about that battle before, but never read about the strategy. Best channel on UA-cam! I miss history cat.
Good video sir , keep up the good work. i love your channel
NisoGTX thank you very much! I do plan to keep them coming.
History Guy you are what makes up my breaks between studying Biochem thank you!
I wish I had this kind of analysis and presentation when I was in High School. I would have aced every history test!
Brilliant! I am quite fond of this topic, as I have always been interested in Charlemagne. So while I did know about the topic, as always your presentation was magnificent! I always come away from you wonderful video feeling enlightened. Superb job!
Plus the name Charles the Hammer is bad ass
Respect & Gratitude Professor!!
Great job again sir.
Really enjoyed that video.
Awesome. Thank you again!!
Thank you - enjoyed that.👍
Loving your vids! Would you consider a vid about the Civil War battles over the Cumberland Gap? Visiting there has some plaques that were quite interesting.
1492: both the year Granada finally capitulated and the same year Columbus made landfall; such a year for Spain.
And the Jews were expelled from Spain
Makes you wonder, if the Moors had won, would Columbus had made his voyage?
@Will Williams Don't modern historians say that the major reason Europeans succeeded was because they carried diseases like smallpox that the Natives had not had any exposure to? idk I might be wrong, but i did hear it somwhere.
@@rommelhale585 the moors discovered the new world before the Spaniards
@@ahmedfawad16 They also had more advanced technology and they often made alliances with rival tribes.
This and the History Underground are the two best channels on UA-cam!!
Great video! Can you do a video on the Battle of the River Talas? I have other suggestions: Battle of Topolobampo. Battle of Puebla.
Good interesting presentation that is not mainstream knowledge. Thanks.
Thanks HG!
I don't know what Charles was called before Tours, but he only got the byname "Martel" afterward: "Martel" MEANS "hammer", y'see, and they didn't know to call him that before he "hammered" the Moors at Tours. Also, the tomb of St. Martin in the picture is recent: 19th century. Given St. Martin's prominence, the original tomb would presumably have been quite magnificent -- enough, anyway, to pique the greed of Abdul Rahman. But it wasn't anything like the gothic basilica that eventually rose on the spot in the following centuries. Times change, though, and the basilica -- its nave over 100 m long -- was so neglected during the French Revolution that it had to be torn down: only two towers remain.Later -- late 19th, early 20th centuries -- a new basilica was built over the original site, and this is what's in your photo.
Also, his name wasn't Charles. It was Karl. Charles is just the soft, French version of Karl.
He was call Carl or Karl, Son of Pippin, or Duke Charles.
Thanks!
Thank you for this video. The battle of Tours is one subject that had continued to fascinate me over the years. It certainly deserves to be a movie. Are any books you can recommend for further research?
C. W. Johnson Jr I’ve not found a good book on the battle. A recent effort by John C Scott is more an attack on modern Islam than a history of the battle. The chapter on Tours from Sir Edward Creasy’s 1851 “Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World” is available online here: www.standin.se/fifteen07a.htm
Having been educated in the Catholic School System, grammar and prep school, we were instructed about this battle ,not in history classes ,but in our religion classes. Go figure. Haha
m.ua-cam.com/video/WhRzhnc-AdQ/v-deo.html
Patz13
At last I learned how Martel got the approbation Hammer 🔨.
@Patz13 that wouldn't have been a bad thing. Islam led to the end of the dark ages in spain, and it probably would have done the same for the rest of Europe. the world would have been much better off
@@ahmedfawad16 Islam is a cancer. It destroys everything it touches.
@Patz13 The Dark Ages predate Islam, genius. If it weren't for the Muslim scholars such as Avicenna, Al-Khawarizmi, Ibn Rushd etc then there would have been no Renaissance. Most historians agree on this. Just watch the Overly Sarcastic Productions, and Crash Course: World History videos on Islam. You claim they plagiarized and stole knowledge. In reality, they searched the world for books and knowledge and translated them into other languages and stored them. That's what research institutes do! The Islamic scholars made a whole lot of other discoveries themselves. Jabar Bin Hayan introduced experimental investigation to chemistry. Abdul Malik Asmai studied animals in great detail. Avicenna is honored as the founder of medicine, and wrote the Canon of Medicine. Al Khawarizmi invented algorithms. Ibn al Haytham was the first to correctly propose the law of refraction. The "Al"s in algebra, alchemy, alcohol etc are just some of the traces left over from the time when Arabic was the language of science.
Without the Muslim scholars making their own discoveries, and preserving older discoveries of the Greeks, there would have been no Renaissance. Because the works of Aristotle, Socrates, Plato etc would have been burned by Europe long ago as they "weren't Christian" and that made them blasphemous in the eyes of Judaeo-Christian Europe. The Muslims saved them by translating those works. The concept of zero was introduced in the West thanks to Muslim scholars who learned of it in India and exported the concept to the rest of the world. The Arabic numerals such as 1,2,3 originated in India, but they achieved their current form thanks to Muslim mathematicians who further developed the system. If it weren't for them, you'd still be using the clumsy Latin numerals.
Islam improved Arabia drastically. Your accusation that it downed the morals of the people is just untrue. Before Islam, women had no rights of inheritance, and were forced into marriage. Islam gave women their rights, and declared women, though different from men, to be equal. Islam gave them the right to be able to choose or refuse marriage. Before Islam, there was slavery in Arabia. Islam abolished this. In fact, the first azhan, the Muslim call to prayer, was given by Bilal, a black slave who had been freed by Muhammad. Before Islam, infant girls were buried alive. Islam strictly outlawed this.
Child marriage was common not just in Arabia, but all over the world, right up until the 17th and 18th centuries. A lot of notable people married young girls. I've never heard any of them being called a pedophile. Why is Muhammad being singled out? And at least Muhammad never had intercourse with Ayesha. And at least Ayesha only moved in with Muhammad after puberty. And for the last time, Muhammad did not rape her. He did not. He saved her from being raped. Muhammad did not marry his adopted son's wife while she was still married to him. Muhammad married her AFTER her divorce with Zaid. The real purpose of this marriage was to show to the people that Muhammad's relationship with Zaid was no longer as his foster father. Muhammad never had any kids with her either. He had all of his kids with his first wife, except for one son. Now, what is this made-up tale of Muhammad telling his followers to rape women? Tell me where you heard of it.
And Muhammad and the Quran do NOT encourage wife beatings. Yes, Quran 4:34 allows it, but there is context. The verse says that if a wife is unfaithful, then first gently advise her, if that doesn't work then warn her. If that still doesn't work, then divorce her. Beating her is an absolute last measure, and heavily discouraged in the Quran. And even then, there are rules for beating. It must NOT be on the head, and it must NOT be so hard as to leave a mark. Heck, there are some hadith which suggest that it has to be done with a small, light herb that was used as a toothbrush, meant to be symbolic more than anything.
This was a great video. And the pictures were clear and beautiful, not blurry...an issue I have mentioned in the past.
Who was the woman with a child caught in the middle of that battle? Was she any specific person, or does she just represent the wives, concubines, "camp followers" who came along with armies in those days?
I'm currently reading Kurlansky's "Basque History of the World," so I had to smile when you pointed out the "small mountainous region" in Spain that did not get conquered.
Sorry to burst your bubble. The region that wasn’t conquered wasn’t Basque Country-the Umayyads easily romped through that region. He was referring to Asturias; situated in north/northwest Spain, and peopled by folks of predominately Celtic decent.
@@mrp4242 There was no bubble to burst. Interesting information. However, one might ask why, if it matters, the actual location was not identified. But interesting to know about the Asturias. One of my dad's favorite dishes is from the Asturias region.
And we can give thanks for 'The Song of Roland' which resulted.
Roland was killed by Basques in the Pyrenees mountains, not by Muslims in France.
Thanks, History Guy.
I have both French and Austrian ancestors. The history of Tours and Vienna are battles I well remember.
Another great post.what was it that George from sienfled called the Moors?
Moops
Fascinating stuff.
...we learned about Tours in 4th grade - in 1958 - "Charles Martel 'Charles 'the Hammer' defeated the Moors at Tours...
After 700 years of La Conquista the Spanish and Portuguese went on to conquer the Americas and discover the Pacific Ocean. You gotta love King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
The Portuguese had already discovered the Pacific Ocean when they circumnavigated Africa and crossed the Indian Ocean to East Asia.
Thank you
Episode idea how about an episode on the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula?
My son like your history lesson , thanks
it would be interesting if you researched the rise of european judaism due to this. good vid!
@HistoryGuy how about a video about Cyrus W. Fields, The Battle of Toledo, Clark's march on Vincennes.
Fantastic, never knew the Moors got that far North. A crucial battle indeed...
thanks
There is a town in the Lot department on the old road between Brive-la-Gaillarde and Rodez named after Charles Martel called Martel (duh.). It's not all that large, but you can get sticker for your car of the town coat of arms which has three hammers.
we actually call it the "battle of Poitier" in France
To the rest of the world, the battle of Poitiers is the one where English bowmen fucked up the cream of French chivalry. The one that came after Crecy and before Agincourt.
@@MrEvanfriend Poitier and Tour being in France, I think we can call our battles the way we want no?
@@pietristephane3537 Seeing as how you frenchies were routed horribly at Poitiers, it seems to me that the winner of the battle gets to decide what it's called. Which means that the French get to name very few battles.
@@MrEvanfriend Sorry I did not realize you were a troll, in an other internet forum I would have happily gone in a tit for tat round but by respect for the History Guy, his great videos and this nice community I will let you with your comment. I will just mention the Poitier-Tour battle I was referring was the one of 732.
@@pietristephane3537 Yeah, the battle of Tours, where Karl Martel routed the turk. Not the battle of Poitiers, where English bowmen routed the French.
Could you maybe shed some international light on the 1942 battles in New Guinea, and the first time that the Japanese where defeated in the Pacific area {Milne Bay}, and maybe the Kokoda Track and the Battle of the Beaches on the North Coast of New Guinea {Gona, Buna and Sananda}, as an Australian these battles seem to get little recognition outside of my country ?? Thank you in advance if you decide to do it.
I have a suggestion for a subject. It is the U.S. Army’s USDB , the United States Disciplinary Barracks, at Ft Leavenworth, Kansas. I was stationed there in 1979-80. It was opened in 1917 and was an impressive military prison. I don’t have an history on the USDB but I think it would be great historical subject. You can email me if you are interested.
Please review Guam after it was captured. Just found it was a huge ship repair depot. Explain.
What timing! Going there this weekend for son's triathalon...Won't look/sound so American...cheers...rr Normandy, Fra
Great lesson, thankyou, was Pippin (sic) the short Martels father.???
No, Pippen or Pipin of Herstal was his father. Pippen the Short was Charles Great Grand Son.
In terms of battles that changed the balance of power in an entire geopolitical region, have you looked at Carchemish? It's different from Tours in that it's the culmination rather than the beginning of such a power shift, but I think it's equally worth looking at.
Thank God for Duke Oddo and Charles "The Hammer" Martel !! Deus Vult!!
I hope one day to be able to say that I have seen all your videos.
Yes, this is an important aspect of history and it is well worth remembering that a great many of the key events (especially, but not only, battles) in our history are actually little known to most people, even if they think they have some historical education. The Battle of Poitiers (or Tours as this video calls it) is one of many massively significant events that cannot even be given a precise geographical location (was it nearer to Tours or to Poitiers...?). By a similar token, we do not know the precise site, or even the date, of the battle that finally unified England under Athelstan,, nor the site of the last stand of the Iceni, where the Romans finally crushed Celtic resistance (under Boudicca) to their rule in Britain - although they never did conquer Scotland. A great many events of enormous and world changing importance are virtually unknown to most people. Within my own lifetime there have been at least two occasions when the world teetered on the brink of nuclear Armageddon and was only saved by individual military officers (middle ranking Soviet officers in both cases) who stood out against their fellow officers and broke with protocol, at great risk to themsleves, to avert all-out nuclear war... but how many other incidents of comparable importance have there been that we have never heard about?
That is a great question and one that I have often wondered, How many conversations or events have happened that weren't recorded, behind closed doors etc, but yeah, nobody I know knows about important battles either lol.
Any idea of number of soldiers on both sides? Numbers have been conflicting
We've got nothing Toulouse...
The Reconquista began with Pelayo's victory at Covadonga a decade before Martel winning the Battle of Tours. There is a reason the Heir to the Spanish Throne is known as the Prince(ss) of Asturias.
So many battles, so little time.
What about history on Elliot Ness? Thank you....
Thank you for not saying the visigoths were almost decimated. Annoys me so much when people use it wrongly to mean complete destruction rather than execution of 1in 10.
Well, I didn't know any of this history. I don't remember studying World History is high school, but I had to quit after the 10th grade, because my dad got hurt...never too late to learn.
Genealogy makes history come alive. That’s why I’m into it. And this story illustrates it nicely as both my wife and I are of proven descent from Charles Martel. For us the Battle Of Tours is part of our family history. Most of our ancestors were ordinary people, who’d be forgotten except for genealogists or historians researching a particular business, trade or community, like Charles Martel. However, if we dig deep enough we usually find a few were historically important. However, I find even when they’re not, reading about a particular event or time in which my ancestors were part of makes it that much more interesting as they were there.
How the hell can that be confirmed through genes after at least 50 generations
I think it might be interesting to review General Douglas MacArthur's terminating the .280 cartridge infantry round in the mid 1930s. He said they had a million rounds of 30.06 left over from WWI. Yes, it was the depression and military funds were non-existant, but today, almost a hundred years later, the military is looking at the .280 round for the future. Just a thought.
Actually, the reconquista started years earlier in 722 with the battle of Covadonga where the Astur ( they where not Visigoths) under Don Pelayo defeat the Omeyas under the command of Munuza !
Yes, although Pelayo himself was a Visigothic nobleman related to a recent king, wasn't he?
@@himbo754 no one know if he was a Visigoth or a Astur , .
I thought that the Moors were in England. You know, where the Hound of the Baskervilles lives.
Ha! :)
Those were Grimpen Moors, not African Moors.
Are you going to follow this up with "The Tour of Battles?" :)
What has become of the Visigoths--their culture, language and descendants?
Actually the Visigoths were also called the Vandals, another Germanic tribe of thugs who destroyed and partioned the remnants of the Roman Empire in Spain. The Moors called the province Al Andalus, Andalusia being the modern name because it was a province ruled by Vandals. Get it? Put a V before Andalus, so its a bit weird people always talk about the Visigoths but I wasn't there at the time so cannot explain why.
By the time the Muslims invaded the Visigoths/Vandals had assimilated with the local Iberian people who spoke a dialect of Latin we call early Spanish. So although they had Germanic names (Theodoric etc) they spoke the local lingo (Iberian Latin) which, eventually, the Moors did too, adding a lot of Arabic words like El (Al) etc etc. Before the Muslims invaded, Iberia was a very advanced and comfortable place which is why the Muslims invaded it. Seville had street lighting for instance. But they had gone soft and their king was like a male Angela Merkel so probably encouraged them to come over. No One really knows why they were such a push over so that could be a just and accurate analogy. But pussies they were and all credit to the Moors for winning the Cup Final by 10 to nil , so to speak.
Also you will be struck by how many blonde people there are in Spain, given that people assume them all to be dark haired Casanovas. So the Visi Goths are alive (but not very well) in Spain to this day.
The End.
@@taketimeout2share Actually no.
The Visigoths and Vandals are two separate Germanic tribes, only related to one another insofar as all Germanic tribes are somewhat related if one goes far enough back.
As for either being thugs or destroying portions of Rome ...no more or less so than any of the other Germanic tribes.
As for blondism (to the extent that it exists in Spain) ...it's more common, unsurprisingly, in the north where there's bound to be some genetic overlap dating back to prehistory. There's an attested element of light features within Iberia much older than the arrival of Germans.
As for Andalusia being named for the Vandals ...that hasn't been the consensus in over thirty years of scholarship.
@@g.lowenklee2268 I did say I wasn't there.But yes, you are right, they are recorded as being two separate tribes but maybe a lot of Vandals stayed in Spain while the rest crossed to North Africa centuries before. Why didn't the Muslimas call it Al Isigothia then?
The conquest of Spain is an enigma. It just seems to good to be true given the size and geography of the place.Maybe the Spanish Vandals helped the Muslims overcome the Visigoths. I really have no Idea. But the no one can argue that it was called Al Andalus. It would be nice to know the real truth. If you know I would like to learn, please.
Ed. Farr they became democrats and ruined the u.s.
Near the beginning of this video you mention a small region not overrun by the Moors. Would this be the Basque region?? They were the armorers of western europe. Anyone attempting to go north had two obstacles. These were the Pyrenees mountains and the Basques. Is this true,? Or is my memory twisted by age.
It was not- the part that was never conquered by the Umayyads was the Visigothic Kingdom on Asturias, which would be west of what is called the basque region. The Visigoth nobleman Pelagius of Asturias won a victory in the Battle of Covadonga in 722 that is generally considered the beginning of the Reconquista. Asturias eventually became the Kingdom of León after the royal court moved to León.
Probably less than 5% of the US population know of the Battle of Tours or the siege of Vienna by the Muslim Turks.
Poland remembers...... Americans, perhaps not so much.
Which one?
There were two Sieges of Vienna by the Ottomans ;-)
Siege of Vienna
9/11 was it not?
Take down of Allende
9/11 was it not?
Or is my memory at fault?
and even fewer will know about Yarmouk or Qadissiya.
less than 5%? lol. try more like less that 0.5%
The moops lol couldn't resist
It is worth noting that it could both be just a raid, and also the turning point that prevented an invasion of a lot more of Europe. If it went the other way on the battlefield, the Franks could have lost unity instead of gaining it, leaving them open to not only future raids but also to invasion. I'm not familiar enough with the time period to say where the next likely place for them to be stopped, or how far they would even want to go. If they weren't stopped in France, maybe they'd raid and return to their borders at the time, maybe they take Southern France and Italy and build a Mediterranean coastal empire, or maybe they push all the way to try and take Russia in the winter. Counterfactuals tend to get out of hand pretty quickly, because we can't say what effect a Moorish invasion would have on the Germanic tribes that resisted Rome for so long, if they would stay disparate and still be effective, or if they would fall apart, or if they would unify. We also don't know that a loss at that battle would stop the Franks from regrouping and winning the next battle.
What we do know is that a unified Frankish empire was stronger after that battle than the ununified states before, and they went on to push their enemies back. It was definitely a turning point, it just isn't clear how much the result of the battlefield influenced the trend of the ongoing conflict.
W Charles Martel 🙏☝️✝️☦️
Can you talk about the great plague
It was corruption and in-fighting as well as really a deep greed for loot and spoils that, when things get tough, leads to losses and downfall
I'm a Texas Cajun and I have ancestry that dates back to Charles Martel through the French aristocrats that founded Louisiana! My Grandma has it documented!
who cares? trying to live your life through your ancestors
Ok...i've heard the same from an Australian. Nvm Australia was a penal colony.
I was hoping for an opening to say "Odo sounds like a shifty character." Ah well.
Well......Martel and marteau(hammer in French) are pretty close
Great nickname
Consider the history of Scapa Flow, the Orkneys.
1453 Nevar Forget, etc.
Constantinople
Can you talk about the first American shots of ww1 in guam
Nez Castro-Rioja it is an interesting story and on my list of potential topics.
In german history lessons it's called the battle of Tours and Poitiers... you did not mention the second city at all ... why not?
Speaking of Iberia, could you relate the true story of El aCid?
lake erie battles or ship wrecks .. states changing bounders pa at one point did not have a piece of lake erie till ny sold it to them . teach
Is the Island of Grenada named after the former kingdom of Granada?
Yes. The city in Spain is still known as Granada. Same with Andalusia in general.
I’ve been to Tours, very beautiful town, I remember the large modern Synagogue there, The town during WWII would be more interesting. . .
Although the battle's name changes from the Jesuite point of view to the Protestant or other dénomination.
The fact IS that the Pope goes to neither location in France whenever hé visits..he goes to Clermont - Ferrand to give thanks for the battle's outcome.
Why did we get such a good deal on Alaska????
Because Russia was moving towards war with Britain, and they were afraid they could not defend their North American territory. I tell the story in this episode: ua-cam.com/video/l1AKHDMoKXk/v-deo.html
@Jonathan Williams True but Russia and Britain agreed for a time not to involve Alaska. Later when things began heating up between them again, Britain announced that they were taking Alaska. They never did but Russia wanted out of an impossible to defend territory. And the USA was pissed at Britain over their support of the Confederacy in the Civil War.
1492 - Isabella - Plantagenet queen - soubriquet: ‘the Godmother of America’!
Isabella, was a fanatic and torturer. She oversaw ethnic cleansing, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain. She also presided of the beginnings of the genocide of native Americans.
John O nothing more far from the true, first , Spain was the last European territory where the Jews where expel , ( I guess you don’t care about the others)
Second, the inquisition was a tribunal that could only judge Christians not Jews neither muslin , it was against the law!
Third, Isabela in 1510 allowed and make legal inter marriage with natives ( in some states in the US you had to wait until 1960 )
If you want to compare the little over 3000 people execute by the inquisition in 300 years with the protestan reform in Germany 50 000 people in less than 15 years or in Switzerland 25000 people in a matter of a decade fine !
The legacy of Isabela is far more important than any other king in history . Can you name a empire that put the conquest on hold for 5 years for a philosophical debate about the right to do it ?
As always a great presentation and quite fascinating, but at 2:07, surely Septimania, close to the modern Spanish border, is south WEST France? (Though objectively speaking it is very close the mid point between SE and SW corners of modern France.)
Thank you for covering this. Not many know the importance of this battle and how it mirrors our modern events regarding Muslims.
Maybe forgotten I America, still taught in the UK.
Not losing Tours was also important for morale. If the Church there had been razed and looted an iconic symbol along with many riches and loss of faith would have been quite destructive.
What impact did the battle on tour have on the European history?
It lead to the Carolingian Empire, which lead to modern Europe having the shape it does today.
@@baneofbanes incorrect. The modern shape of Europe is due to the exploits of Napoleon...
The Carolingian dynasty you refer to is an ode to Charles, it's progenitor-- in fact "Carol" means "Charles" in Latin-- the lingua-franca at that point in time as a re-influenced early medieval French (a Latin derivation) clearly indicates...
The Carolingians, btw, directly supplanted the Merovingians as the ruling dynasty of the day...
Charles the Hammer??
I remember this from my history classes and how close christian civilization could have been changed, possibly forever. Western civilization as we know it might have have never existed. .