A History of Royal Weddings: Middle Ages - Enlightenment
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- Опубліковано 1 чер 2020
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Throughout history and across the world royal weddings have been an amplification of the marriage traditions of their time and culture. But the exulted positions of the bride and groom also meant important differences like coronations, treaties, proxy weddings and literal children walking down the aisle. Let’s explore the evolution of the royal wedding in Europe from the simple church blessing of the middle ages where bride and groom might be laying eyes on each other for the first time to the love matches of today rung in with celebrity packed cathedrals, designer gowns, decadent feasts and parties watched by the eyes of the world.
Sources:
en.wikipedia.org
www.britannica.com
www.englishmonarchs.co.uk
www.unofficialroyalty.com/norm...
Music:
Angevin - Thatched Villagers by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
I feel bad for Margaret Beaufort... Like... I can't imagine giving birth at 13... No wonder she was so devoted to her son...
anddd on top of that her husband died three months before she gave birth, and she never got to marry the man she actually loved! pretty crap if you ask me
I new a girl that had a baby at 14. She came from a poor family. It was quite the scandal. All her fault of coarse. I never new who the father was, but I wonder how she ended up. She was one of the reasons I told dates that I don't really think they were in that much pain when compared to giving birth...
Lara Maria MB married the kings Half brother...She is also the person who had the two princess in the tower murdered (who btw were more likely than not, not the Kings sons), so that Henry would have a weak claim to the throne. Also, at that time, if you had your monthly, you were considered mature and ready to marry...I’m not sure were LH got her information from.
@@arianamay2024 HI ARIANA
Penny Wells How was it a 14 year’s fault she got pregnant. Legally a 14 yro can’t consent to sex. There is a reason why we have an age of consent.
My sister always wanted to be a princess, so my dad married her to a strange Spanish prince to maintain an alliance against France
My brother wanted to be an elephant so we sent him to the zoo. The things you do for family. 😁
@@CallieMasters5000 ha good one
@@CallieMasters5000 😂🤣😂🤣
LIES
@@savannahherrera8280 Some people have no sense of humor.
Imagine being thrown naked into bed by your drunk bridesmaids and groomsmen, then having your underwear tossed at you while they laugh and cheer.
The bouquet and garter traditions look way better now, don’t they?
Well at one wedding men had to pull the wife’s underwear under her dress one person could do it and it was her husband that was a very entertaining thing
No they don't
Elizabeth Loves BtsVkook soo much
I don’t like them much, but they’re at least a lot less emotionally scarring than what happens at most modern weddings.
“Weddings were a sacrament”
“Weddings weren’t allowed on holy days”
Me: MAKE UP YOUR MINDS, GUYS!
Idk what the reason was for that, but nowadays Catholicism only seems that marriage cant happen holy week, Raster Sunday, and christmas day. It's also not advised during lent because those are very solemn times that should keep attention on Christ rather than a personal event.
That's literally like 2 months out of the year when it's not advised to get married and only 8 days that you cannot do so.
That's very interesting because in the Orthodox church, weddings were traditionally held on Sundays. Now people can marry any day that's not a fast, but traditionally it was Sundays right after the church service
@@evelynkrull5268 I've also been told that no one can have a funeral service during Holy Week. So if you die December 23rd for example the funeral home will just put your body on ice till the following week.
Maybe that was because of practical reasons? The priests would have a lot to do on holy days, so maybe they simply didn't have the time to also do weddings on these days.
"Hunny I know it's like 3am but like let's get married"
"great idea"
"Tututanana so we are now married"
"yes now let's go to sleep goodnight"
"night"
Poki :3 imagine the plot of romeo and juliet with this new development
This is soo The Sims
Rach exactly
cute and wholesome
Royal weddings were often pretty traumatic for the brides (although the grooms sure had issues as well), especially when they had to leave their homes and even countries for the first times.
imagine being 7 years old and being married off to a 29 year old dude. Cringe af by today's standards
Also illegal af
Sad thing is, this still happens today just not as often.
Cringe is an understatement
I feel like at the time it was still cringe for most people, but I guess your pickings are slim when you have to marry other royals/nobles.
Horses by Hulachowdown
Later on you also had to take religious issues into account; James I was looking for a suitable Protestant match for his daughter, Elizabeth... & she had to have been both one of the luckiest & unluckiest royals- she got to meet her intended well before a wedding- liked him- her beloved elder brother also approved of him, & when his untimely death elevated her position on the world political stage & her father might thus have changed his mind, & arranged a grander match for her... she was able to stick to her guns & commit to the marriage.
They only had a few short years together, & the religious & political confusion in the German States would eventually cost them their thrones & kicked off the 30 Years’ War.
But through their marriage came Prince Rupert of the Rhine, & one of their daughters was the mother of George I, I believe.
last time i was this early, Anne Boleyn still had her head
😂
*Don't lose your head*
Lol
😆
Catherine Howard too
Marget Tudor, mother of Henry the 7th could give birth after Henry. She chose not to because she was traumatized by her first and only labor. She even kept a close eye on Henry's wife Elizabeth labors and made sure that Elizabeth wasn't treated the same way she had been.
She was also only 12 when she got pregnant. Today that would be a criminal offence.
Poor Margaret
Margaret Beaufort* Not Tudor. Margaret Tudor is her granddaughter.
BEAUFORT*
She could afford to choose not to because her husband was dead and she wisely did not remarry.
‘Did you know that the younger brother was already married?’
No I did not and I am *shooketh*
"it was hoped that love or at least like will develop after the exchange of vows"
"but if it didn't? "
"MEH"
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
i paused the video and looked for your comment lol
The Christians can say 'Meh' because they have the concept of divorce but the condition was much more severe here among Hindus in the past. Since marriage vows included the vows of being husband & wife for 7 consecutive births, there is no concept of divorce in Hindu religious code, so if a wife offended her husband, she would be sent back to her paternal household, never to be recalled back by her in-laws while the husband would marry another time & there was no restriction on the number of wives a Hindu man could take. The practice of civil divorce was introduced in the Hindu society in the 1950 by the Hindu Code Bill, which had received much criticism from the orthodox Hindus. Even today, a divorcee Hindu woman marrying for the second time is somewhat looked down upon by the society.
I remember researching Viking marriages and betrothal, and they believed that love would develop once the couple was married and weren’t too concerned about that. Guess that’s been common throughout history and cultures.
The fact that I'd be married rn and taking care of children tho
High ranking women-especially royal women rarely saw their children. Other people in the court took care of and brought up the children.
Or died during childbirth.... I'm good here in 21th century lol.
Loooool, I can barely take care of myself
If you would survive the birth. 😂
Ah yes, the day of the marriage of my daughter, at the ripe age of 13, was bittersweet. I recall how we watched in awe the consummation, and after she hath been prick’d, her groom (my nephew) did wipe her hymenal blood upon my forehead as a sign of his gratitude... he having used his... scabbard... still at the ready, to do so.
My late husband would have loved the drunken party, throwing socks at a naked couple in bed thing , had he known about it he would have tried revive that tradition, I'm sure.
I hear ya!
So sorry for your loss but your husband seems like a fun person to meet!
@@isda3314 ikr! Rip!
The idea that you could literally be betrothed at _any_ age... oh, but you should be *_at least_* 12 to marry/ consummate - yeah, that doesn’t make me feel any better about it...
Ah yes, the day of the marriage of my daughter, at the ripe age of 13, was bittersweet. I recall how we watched in awe the consummation, and after she hath been prick’d, her groom (my nephew) did wipe her hymenal blood upon my forehead as a sign of his gratitude... he having used his... scabbard... still at the ready, to do so.
That depends on on the country. In Jerusalem it was 15, just one year younger than today.
hammertapping So what? By “today” I meant the law today in the majority of the Western World
hammertapping Oh ok sorry my mistake. (I thought you were saying what you think should be the case instead if what was the case) However, I don’t really think that what you said generally applied (we are talking about time periods such as 11th-14th century, “history” itself is too vast). At that era all countries had vastly different laws but this is a general remark (with Jerusalem mostly in mind). In Europe, marriage was a highly political act. People would marry based off political gain and hence the age of marriage was linked to the age of adulthood (i.e when feudal overlords were given the right to exercise their power) so that marriage and its relevant gains were extracted (by the male) before they could be enjoyed. In many countries this lead to children being given the right to marriage and in some marriage was allowed for younger people by proxy. However, to some degree, the age of adulthood (which was 16) was linked to sexual maturity, but mental maturity and life expectancy can be said to have had larger roles to this. Do nit forget that at this time the law was codified and passed by legislatures (not democratic ones obviously) which discussed them in a similar manner to today’s parliaments.
I think 12 was the minimum age girls could marry at but it was there largely for dynastic emergencies and although it wasn’t law it was socially expected that you wait until around 16 to consummate. Consummation at 12 was exceedingly rare
William the First was faithful to his wife. Really unusual for that time. And poor Margaret Beaufort. What a creep her husband was😕
I remember Horrible Histories did one of their funny songs in a special romance themed episode looking at like old romance rituals and the song for that episode was about famous royals in history that were famous for their love life so it had Nero, William The Conqueror, Henry VIII, Cleopatra and Edward VIII. William was there because he kind of bullied his wife into marrying him sort of but then once they were married he was faithful for life and they had 10 children.
It still is unusual...
Less unusual than you think, The following English monarchs have no record of mistresses or bastard children after marriage: Henry III, Edward I, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI and Henry VII. Possibly Richard III as well, I am not certain if his two illegitimate children were pre marriage to Anne Neville. Later British monarchs include Charles I, George III and all from George V onward.
@Neil Buckley don’t forget Charles II he was very celibate!
Lucy Preece oooh, yes! Mud and Matilda! It was funny, but I believe it was the child appropriate versions only because it’s aimed at children
I’m going to watch this after work but... thank you, you don’t know how much my mental health needed one of your videos 💜
Have a nice day at work ❤
Same
I hope you had a good day at work
I hope work was alright and you got to finish the day relaxing to this video
Thank you guys! ❤️
I’m so curious to find out what they would think about women marrying in their late 20s/early 30s
Go to some old 'traditional' Indian villages and find the answer 😃
That they should be thankful, probably- it was likely assumed if you weren’t married by your mid-20’s, that you weren’t getting married - losing one’s prime childbearing years was considered pretty tragic; look at how late Mary Tudor married- & what happened there...
@mansirat kaur What?
Some Indian villages still practice child marriage. It recently happened to one of neighbours in my hometown in West Bengal, where a 15 year old girl was married to 17 year old boy Periodt.
Not just women but men too.
A woman would’ve been considered quite old at that point. As mentioned in the video, the life expectancy of people living in the Middle Ages (and long after) was very short. Considering the fact that the point of marriage was to produce heirs (in the form of children), it was obviously best to have a young wife; this meant the couple had more time to bear offspring and could keep trying-a lot of children died in infancy. Mary I of England was considered quite old when she finally married and never even had a child, so her sister became queen after she died.
*The groom and bride kiss*
Bride: Hello, my name is Catherine!
Groom: Hello Catherine, my name is Richard!
Interesting that William the Conqueror was faithful to his wedding vows; the only King of England to not have an illegitimate child or mistress.
Totally untrue, there is no evidence of the following English kings being unfaithful: King Henry III, his son King Edward I who built the Eleanor crosses in memory of his wife, King Richard II [may have been gay], his usurper, King Henry !V, his son King Henry V [married late in life after he "sowed his wild oats"], his son King Henry VI, the first Tudor, King Henry VII, King Charles I and King George III of American revolution fame. I do wonder if his wife, Queen Charlotte might have wished he had taken a mistress as she had 15 children.
You are forgetting George III
@@zoezhang5413 Albert was Prince consort. But he was faithful to Victoria nonetheless.
Plenty of kings didn’t have mistresses lol. Not commonly, but several didn’t
I think if I was alive back then I'd join a convent
Right there with you
Absolutely!
Hmmmm....well I wouldn't have had a chance anyway since I would have been executed as a witch but....I probably would have joined the local convent myself. That is actually saying something for me as I am not fond of this idea of living.
One of our history teachers recommended this for us (weird, I know)
Education, food and you won't die in child birth, yay
I'd join a convent and try and find a way to make money, then pretend I'm dead to my family and former friends so I can start over elsewhere.
11:17 ah yes the beautiful couple Tampon and her cousin 😍
I LOVE YOU
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Yes
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
NOOOOO
I like that idea of being married "because he asked me and I said yes so now we are married". I'm going to use that.
Lol
Married off at 8 days old, being pregnant at 12! Thank God we are past the mediaeval period.
Shi-
Don't worry, if you're in the US, the new supreme court judges are going to take y'all back in time 😆 some people of this day still see women as birthing machines.
Aren't we lucky that arranged marriages are more or less obsolete now? Imagine being married to someone you've never clapped eyes on.
I feel like an arranged marriage is the only way I'm gonna get someone to marry me
No, they aren't almost obsolete! It still happens in India, in many US states and even in Europe!
My godmother was married by an arranged marriage 5 years ago.
They aren't obsolete they just aren't talked about
They still happen all the time, but in a more modern way. The parents arrange the marriage, but the children meet and get to know one another first and they have the right to say no.
Cultures who have arranged marriages have a significantly low divorce rate.
I’d really like to see explanations of the classic wedding traditions that we still see today. I.e. The father of the bride walking the bride down the aisle to “hand her over” to her future husband
LuvZixi
That dates from the Latin, I believe - the words for the type of marriage- apparently the Romans had a couple of them (what type of marriage you had, sometimes related to the prestige of your family- at one point, a bride might technically remain part of her birth family... it’s been a while since I read about it)- _manus_ marriage was what it’s called, I think.
I agree, that would be a very nice video.
And there was Margaret of Austria who lived in France to be married to King Charles VIII only to be dismissed for another French rich duchess.
I'm probably going mad and ask ny parents to sends our military and kill them😂✌ honestly, that's so cruel lol😂
That did start a war.
Oh my god poor margret tutor. Birth at that age can ruin that whole area of the body 😭 for life
I’ve been writing a historical fiction novel and keep getting stuck on the wedding bless this video for coming into existence
What’s your book about?
Oooh I wanna read that
Don't leave us hanging, fam, good luck on your writing!
Thank you so much for this video - my sister was due to get married 2 weeks ago but because of the coronavirus she's had to postpone until next year so watching this video explaining historical wedding practices is a good way to cheer up :)
Can you do the Dowry's of popular queens and a video on Dollar Princesses?
I would really like to see that.
Yes! I’d love to see that.
So marriage at first was kind of like out of Dune you could call someone your husband or wife huh! The more you know 🤔
No. In Dune. Paul and Irulan do have a wedding that is recorded and broadcasted throughout the empire, but at the end of the wedding, he doesn't kiss Irulan because he promised Chani " That princess shall have no more of me but my name. No child of mine nor touch, nor softness of glance, nor instant of desire. "
Sorry, I own all the books and love the lore. In children of dune, Irulan tries to poison Chani so she can't get pregnant but Chani goes to her old wise woman and founds out why she can't get pregnant and starts eating a ton of spice to help get rid of the poison. But it has a small defect, the spice makes her Pregnancy speed up and she gives birth to the twins in 6 months and then dies because of it.
@Rach Here is your first lesson:
The Litany Against Fear -
"I must not fear.
Fear is the mind-killer.
Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration.
I will face my fear.
I will permit it to pass over me and through me.
And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path.
Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain."
My daughter when she was around 3-4 years old would declare to my father “ Poppy! I’m a princess! Just like Cinderella!” He’d say in his very Aussie blokey voice “ you’re a princess alright! You’re Bag-arella” 😂
Girl half my city was burned to the ground this weekend. I needed this!
I said "ugh!" out loud when they touched naked feet
But have you ever do that tho? I think touching each other fingers, hair, or feet somehow feels more sexual than the sex itself 😔
Made me think of old Hollywood movies
I wish the video didn't imply that people usually died when they were 30-40. If you got to that age, you could expect to live for much longer
Not only that, you were expected to live a long life if you simply survived childhood (not sure what age exactly). The life expectancy is counted by using all the newborn deaths so of course it will be low.
I hope you get to talk about the royal habit of marrying a brother's widow. This happened with Henry VIII and George V too, where they would marry their older brother's widow or fiancee if he died suddenly. To me this always seemed kind of awkward for the bride, but it kept the family ties going by giving her somebody else to marry in the same family. I wonder if this was easier to do if the widow kept living with her in-laws family so she could get to know her next husband.
Mary of Teck, wife of George V was engaged to his older brother, Albert Victor, but he died before they got married.
It was quite common even among "normal" people up to beginning of 20th century... mostly because of keeping the money in the family.
Sometimes a sister's widower was married like with Catherine of Aragon's sisters, Isabel and Maria, who both married Manuel I of Portugal
Can you please please please do more videos on Royals who lived around the 800's-1200's? I feel like ALOT of children got married back then. Like, 10 year olds. I would like to just learn about what we know of their lives, and how they lived.
It was probably because of LOW LIFE EXPECTANCY
@@monabohamad2242 just happened to this comment of yours while re-watching this video 😂 you were in a hella bad mood 8 months ago werent you luv 😌
Aslo, I know they got young because of their low life expectancy 😂😂
I never said I didn't know why they did, lmfao
i hope you will do a mary queen of scots video!🥰
Really interesting and well done. I really like how you ground the various weddings (and individuals involved) within the relevant historical contexts.
Also, grown men marrying elementary-aged girls - ew.
I know. The Church makes marriage legal but does not see marrying minors illegal???
@@mstwelvedeadlycyns churches were and are largely governed by, guess what, old cis-hetero white men. Any moral standard defined by the church is basically defined by and for such group of people.
Log off work, get ready to do household chores - “oh look, Lindsey posted a new video!” Oh well, I can do chores tomorrow. 😃
Ahaha same!
I felt both delighted and horrified by this video.
Glad most can now get married for love
Where Love's At and 50% end in divorce .
Lies lies lies
13:09 I was trying to figure out what was more weird. The fact that a 7 year old is marrying a 29 year old or how abnormally big their foreheads are.
Plucking and shaving the forehead to make it bigger was a legit fashion in those days. Only really makes sense when you remember that women were covering their hair anyway. Plucking the forehead then means more face gets exposed.
The seven year old marrying the 29 year old. By far.
They thought that a big forehead was a sign of intelligence
Richard II may have picked a 7 year old so he had an excuse for not consummating the marriage. His first wife, Anne of Bohemia had no children. Richard may have been gay and he was rather obsessed with Saint Edward the Confessor, a King of England who refused to consummate his marriage for reasons of piety. There were certainly rumours that he an Anne did not sleep together.
They are all big headed even today
Thank you for this welcome distraction! As soon as that voiceover started, I felt days'-worth of tension leave my body. This was 20 minutes of calm I sorely needed today. Thank you 💙
So glad you mentioned Edward IV and his sister Margaret of York!!! Would love to see you do one on Edward IV's story. Thanks for another great video!! Keep up the GREAT work!
I always like thinking what my life would have been like if I'd been born in the past. I'd be married with kids or, more likely, dead by now! Thank you modern life! And here I thought I was only here for the plumbing.
Less time alive? That’s sounds like a good thing for me lol 😂
In Germany we still wear the wedding ring on the Right Hand. Thanks for the great video 🙂👍🏻
"Valor in the joust." Lol
My favourite thing to see is the two princes pop up in videos. My ancestor was the one who allegedly was ordered to murder them. It’s news to me that the younger was married to a 5 year old lol
please make a video about the 12 lovers of catherine the great. I appreciate your videos about king henry viii's wives, lovers , and mistresses. Please make one for catherine the great
Y E S
Part one: ua-cam.com/video/YzlyW9pLOUo/v-deo.html
Part two: ua-cam.com/video/QbyHPrlo2Dk/v-deo.html
@@--enyo-- I watched already the biography of Catherine the great, what I mean is to profile all of her 12 lovers, like videos about king henry viii's mistresses.
With everything going on I’m so thankful you uploaded this! Thank you 🙏🏾
Yeah I’d totally want to have my uncle watch me in bed tf😳.
*unholy horrified screaming*
Mainstream abuse
13:27 I think this painting is so nice 😊
Thanks for keeping me educated through quarantine
This was so interesting
Yeeey another video! Hoping for more Queens of Europe videos! 💕
Very well done. Concise, but informative with nice visuals and music. I look forward to your next installment.
Thank you Lindsay for your lovely videos. You truly make my day every time I get a notification for a new marvelously done video. Patreon money well spent!
If my father in law wanted to watch us do the deed that’s just too much. 😂
I have to say that I like the some Eastern traditions better where the grooms family pays the bride a dowry, not her family mind you but the actual bride. 😉
I love this channel so freaking much. I'm a huge history buff. Hard to find youtube channels and shows/movies I enjoy that are history based.
Me: People are so weird today, sometimes... *Okay, nevermind, we have nothing on pre-Enlightenment Europe*
I love your videos. Its so nice to watch good historical videos.
lindsay, i love your videos so much!! they’re always so educational, especially more niche history, and your voice & music choice is so soothing 💖
Your videos are very in depth and interesting. I look forward to your uploads daily!
Lol it’s kind of funny to think I would have children if I were born in this era.
The dowry thing is very interesting to me because as a Nigerian a dowry is given by the husbands family to the family of the bride while in Europe it's the other way round
Can you please make a video on the movie "The favourite"? How much accurate is it according to history?
And talk about the all denim clothes lol
I cover Queen Anne in my Queens of England and LGBT kings and Queen of England videos. High level the Favourite was pretty accurate.
@@LindsayHoliday wow! I've got to check that one out! Thanks Lindsey ❤️
I watched that in HBO it will be interesting. Good idea!!!
I hate that movie. No I'm not a homophobe. Lol. Just certain reasons why I hate it
I always watch these videos when I’m cleaning, love them💕
thank you for making these videos, they really help to pass the time, especially during quarantine
your videos are SO soothing to watch. i learn so much and is awesome to use while i work. thank you!
Can you do more videos on the middle ages? They’re always absolutely crazy and interesting. Thank you! I adore your videos
I love your videos. Your voice is soothing and I've learned so much
The major reason for marrying off children wasn't life expectancy. Peasants usually married in their late teens or early 20s. Young children were married off because the parents needed to secure an alliance and they did not have older children to offer. Later these became betrothals. Betrothals were technically binding but princesses such as King Henry VIII's daughter was betrothed twice, once to the dauphin of France, and once to Charles V of the holy roman Empire. A marriage was more secure, even if it wasn't consummated.
Can you make a video on the youngest royal weddings!? Like a list of the 10 youngest royals married off? It'd be interesting!
Thank you so much for all these beautiful stories 😘❤️
Thank you Lindsay Holiday.
Love your channel! I always learn so much and enjoy listening to you.
Very well put together video, thanks for the history.
I absolutely adore your videos!!💛💛💛
Great video can’t wait for the next part
I always love your videos! And your voice is so soothing
Great job on this video, Lindsay.
I enjoy your videos!
Thank you for making them!
Great video ❤️ love stuff like this thank you 😊
My quarantine hobbies =your videos!!!!
I love your videos! So educational and interesting:))
Can we talk about Phillipa of England, artist's rendering of her dress at 4:58? Holy crap that's gorgeous! I'd wear that! That reminds me of romanticized medieval movie gowns. So beautiful!
Lovely video Lindsay!
Very interesting and educational video, well done indeed again!
William the bastard had me cracking up!
Oooo I’ve never been this early! Love your videos
BLESS YOU LINDSAY
Love this! Very well done!
I love your videos. I saw the the video the min it was uploaded but my class started and i couldnt watch it. I think you are underrated. If I could afford right now i would become a patreon something but i lost my job and my tuition got higher :( I hope you get more recognition and support very soon.
Lindsay Holiday you're the best :D
Your videos make my day better :D
That tradition of placing the ring on each fingers and saying the holy trinity is still a thing right? All of my family did this I just assumed is was universal to Christian weddings
omg please can you do a video on catherine de medici PLEASEEEE QUEEN 👸
She's up in 2 weeks!
Lindsay Holiday AHHHHHHHHHHHHH LINDSAY THANK YOU HISTORY QUEEN WE LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LEARN SO MUCH FROM YOU 😤👸👸👸
How awkward would it be to both: be related to your husbands’ mistress, & know that she was old enough to have attended your mother’s wedding?
OcarinaSapph1r3 -24 very very akward
Wow, she actually responded
love your videos!
I enjoyed the video. Thank you and take care