Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed
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- Опубліковано 22 тра 2018
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If you have perfect knowledge of every single particle in the universe, can you use the laws of physics to rewind all the way back to the Big Bang? Is the entire history of the universe perfectly knowable? Or has information somehow lost along the way?
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Previous Episode:
Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality
• Noether's Theorem and ...
The laws of physics are equations of motion. They are mathematical rules that dictate how systems evolve in time. Newton’s equations for classical mechanics, Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism, and the Schrodinger equation for quantum mechanics. These laws can be used to predict how the universe will evolve into the future. They are deterministic; perfect knowledge of a system in the present perfectly predicts how the system will change in the next instant, and the instant after that, ad infinitum. But determinism in the forward-time direction does NOT guarantee that the same laws can perfectly predict the past. And yet this sort of deterministic symmetry - time-reversal symmetry - is essential for information itself to be conserved. Today we learn why conservation of information is such a fundamental requirement of quantum mechanics. In a future episode we’ll see how this law might be broken by black holes.
Here's that fun proof that independent quantum states can't evolve into the same quantum state while preserving unitarity! Apologies for the unavoidable technical notation, but a quick college course in introductory quantum mechanics will get you up to speed in no time :-P
bit.ly/2Lpm6sL
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As announced, we'll be taking a two week break to catch up on some writing and production stuff. Back June 13th with some EXTREMELY well-prepared episodes! To keep you busy, here are starting points for some UA-cam rabbit holes I've gone down recently:
Vanessa Hill's great doco on CRISPR: Mutant Menu (in which I have tiny appearance!) ua-cam.com/video/NrDM6Ic2xMM/v-deo.html
The Last Universal Ancestor by PBS Eons (part of a collab we did on the origin of life): ua-cam.com/video/pk213XSSktQ/v-deo.html
THUNK: this is one of the smartest, widest-ranging, under-viewed shows on UA-cam. Check out the latest on Bayesian thinking: ua-cam.com/video/zXFnwYUPjGA/v-deo.html
And then there's my favourite video about entropy on the Internet: ua-cam.com/video/uefwgz4cY20/v-deo.html
They better be extreme :D
You guys will be returning on my birthday. Coincidence?
Yeah, prolly.
Could someone please direct me to the proof mentioned at 7:35? I can't seem to find it
EDIT:
The Space Time team account has posted the link for us, it's in this comment thread.
Please post the link to the proof (7:34)
>one of the smartest, widest-ranging, under-viewed shows on UA-cam
/quietly hyperventilates under his desk
*ACTUALLY quantum mechanics forbids this*
You can’t play Fortnite and not be a virgin *Quantum mechanics forbids this*
4:33 if anybody still finds this meme funny
Frickolis You became the very thing you swore to destroy.
Frickolis finding it funny? Actually quantum mechanics forbids this
PBS meme time
Perfect knowledge of every single particle in the universe is impossible. It would violate the Second Law of Lost Socks.
What is the first law of lost socks? 🤔
@@mattetis First Law of Lost Socks: In any given closet there is at least one sock missing.
@@winstonknowitall4181 I thought the first law was that in a given pair they can never occupy the same colour state.
@@pierfrancescopeperoni Oh, but they can. It is called entanglement - in that exotic state both socks are of the same colour and size, differing only in their spin.
Third one : the lost socks are in a superposition in any cupboard until you find them
"maybe if I wrap my earphones like this they won't get tangled" 4:33
*ACTUALLY quantum mechanics forbids this*
So I guess all the time I spent destroying my browsing history was an exercise in futility.
You win, Universe. 😞
technicaly yes.
because your screen emit electron.
You could try to reproduce what's displayed on a screen by its emited electron.
This person uses like bots D:
@ballom29 he was making a joke
Not unless you have a quantum computer you fucking pathetic piece of literal human garbage.
What's wrong gay boi get a rock stuck up your ass?
I saw only the last second of the video and predicted what happend before all the way to the beginning of the video. Nice video
Sorry to disappoint you, but there is no video, there is only that one second during which you came into existence as a Boltzman brain with an illusion of having watched the video.
good point. then it's all bs?
@@danbaurceanu129
ua-cam.com/video/GswSg2ohqmA/v-deo.html
@@danbaurceanu129 don't click on that link lol
Were you able to predict each and every word?
13:20 It's decided then. The Universe is coded in C by an intern.
So QBASIC then?
I would like to see the how many bits the universe uses in it's floating point calculations.
That explains all the bugs at the quantum level
Well as I understood Jackson claims to have found CRC checksums in string theory: Theoretical Physicist Finds Computer Code in String Theory - UA-cam
I was going to say C++ because of the "compilation" time, but XKCD is right, the Universe was hacked together mostly in Perl, which is why nothing works quite right. Rumor has it that recent additions were coded in PHP.
4:34 Here’s what you’ve been looking for
Well, while I did come here for the meme, I am actually really Interested in WHAT quantum mechanics forbids originally, so I'll just watch the video :P
Does this mean that every breath, every word and even thought that I have ever conjured is still encoded within the universe? So much for privacy.
if you put enough probes, yep! But wait isn't that true for probes anyways.
General G. S. Patton ... "Every breath you take, every move you make, I'll be watching you!" Said The Police.
According to the *Holographic principle* YES. the information is still there in the universe 🌌 we just need the right tool to look at it 🕵️
Shubham Mishra you forgot a comma and a question mark
ever have or ever will
did... did i just get an entire episode as a reply to my question last time?
you guys just got a new patron!
have a nice summer and thank you for the excellent explanation!
you can say that again!
twitter.com/PBSSpaceTime/status/999377993469513728
Pah! I shall mock you and call you "teachers favourite" and maybe even make "gay" jokes to hide my true feelings of jealousy and inferiority!
And he gave my answer - but less technical terms ...
Well, thank you for your question, then. I wanted to know the same thing.
+ Miles969 I also feel the same. Except that I asked that question on another QM channel...
The information in the Universe is *truly* never lost. I'm mind-bowled all over by this fundamental truth.
"I got out of the friend zone" 4:33
I know Obama's last name
@@dimes7742 actually quantum mechanics forbids this
@@dimes7742 4:33
Thanks quantum mechanics
I’ve never spent a single hour in a college class but for some reason I’m still trying to comprehend this, & I continue to watch these videos. Anybody else?
Absolutely fantastic video even by your standards. This is the first time I heard the physical basis of information conservation being explained in such a straight-forward, simple and intuitive way, that even a 5-year old could understand it. This is, why your channel is so great.
"I'm a physics major and I don't have depression"
4:33
Beautiful episode, you guys and the few books I can read are the only quantum stuff I'll probably study in my life and I really appreciated it.
Proud to say I could even understand your proof on information conservation!
Thanks!!
When someone says something to do with quantum mechanics but actually, quantum mechanics forbids this.
4:32
Looking forward to seeing those new episodes arrive, even though I guess I will have to review even more background knowledge of physics to keep up with them - which I totally don't hold against you. :) Take your time and keep up the amazing quality standard!
"If you have perfect knowledge of every particle in the universe..."
Yes, please continue.
Man I didn't want this episode to end! Always been fascinated by this paradox!
Matt please make pbs lecture series for specific areas in theoretical physics with math in future and I know you can do it because you are a great explainer as well as have good sense of humour. Appreciate ya...
ENDGAME SPOILER
War Machine: Why don't we just find baby Thanos and... (noose motion)
Professor Hulk: 4:33
Doing my Quantum Computation and Information exam on Friday. Last exam of my Physics degree. Wish me luck!
MrTej780 good luck man!
I hope I'll be able to study and master it one day :)
Good luck
All the best Prof MrTej780, you'll be fine if you go in confident.
Did you pass?
how did it go?
We'll miss you, but I definitely appreciate the work you all put into this show and taking some time for writing is something I'd consider a positive ;) thank you for the heads up, and are you when you get back to video making!
PBS Space Time is the best content out there to start with, and edition "Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed" takes it to a whole new level. One thousand sunshines and two thumbs up to the PBS Space Time team!
Physics is dope
KID_verse As a non-physicist, I find all this quantum malarkey a lot easier to understand when I have had some dope...
+ KID_verse
Shhhh!!! You don't want the DEA overhearing that!
🤫
@@rocketraccoon1976 Sorry guys. That information is embedded in the quantum memory of spacetime forever....unless you throw your laptop in a black hole.
It is, I'm hopelessly addicted and it's now taken my soul
Can't wait for the next episode!!
I love these videos about Noether's Theorem. She is very underrated for all her contributions to science.
I really love where this is going! Keep it up, its awesome!
"It took ten billion years to compile the first life form"
And then somehow managed to produce a neural network... using bogo sort.
This is such a unique channel! I love it.
Oooh, I can't wait for the next "series" of PBS Space Time videos, the wait will definitely be worth it !
You explain stuff so good! Thank you so much! Yes information is a very vague phrase, time reversibility would be a better way of saying it.
Question: Veritasium in a video titled "What is NOT Random?" said that entropy is information and it is increasing, and here we are talking about conservation of information. How do these two go together?
Yaman Sanghavi yeah I have seen that too
Other forms of information are being absorbed into the entropy?
Reconciliation comes for systems at thermodynamical equilibrium - and, for those that haven't reached that, for inclusion of the info of some bath as well. But this assumes overall conservation of energy - which, as well they argued in the previous video, is not generally a thing in GR
As far as I understand it, entropy is a measure of the hidden information not of information in its purest and most fundamental sense. If knowing macroscopic information about the system constrains the possible microscopic states to a relatively small number of possibilities then the entropy is low. If knowing macroscopic information does not tell you very much about the vast number of possible microscopic states then the entropy is high.
If dark energy ends up increasing to the point of approaching the binding energy of quarks, would quark confinement trigger a runaway "creation" of matter?
Would that make a "big rip" more like a big bang?
This question has plagued me for years. Ever since intro to particle physics and the concept of quark confinement was presented to me, I have been looking for an answer.
On the surface, it seems like it could be a reheating mechanism for the universe in the far far future but I have not had the chance to ask a specialist...
Matt! Please set me on the right path!!!!
Nick Lab Interesting idea but as far as I know there is no indication that the strength of dark energy is actually increasing. There is an increasing amount of it only because there is an increasing amount of space between things. The amount of dark energy per volume remains constant. Right?
I'm glad you mentioned the Uncertainty Principle because I was wondering how that fit in
Thank you Matt for another great video! The wait will definitely be worth it!
I'm more than okay with you guys taking a week or two off if it means you will keep the same standard of quality you always have for your episodes. I wish you all a good break and have fun exploring the lesser-known aspects of spacetime!
That was an issue boggling my mind for a while, thanks for explaining it, so yes depending on different interpretations the information can be lost relative to the observer. Nice episode. Please learn about Resource Based Economy, now your turn :)
Great series and great topics, keep going!
One thing i like about watching PBS Space Time, is that i always leave thinking about new things about space every time
But isn't CP symmetry broken in the Standard Model of particle physics (hence an asymmetry between matter and antimatter)? As CPT cannot be broken, that means that the Standard Model is not actually symmetric under time reversal T. But surely unitarity isn't broken in the Standard Model?
Wow. . .good point.
Excellent point. The key here is that T symmetry violation does not necessarily mean unitarity is violated, because you can break T symmetry in a few ways. The way it is broken which preserves unitarity is not that the paths are not time reversible, but rather that the forward rate along a path is not equal to the reverse rate.
Hi, where is this proof mentioned at 7:35? It's not in the video description.
Yeah, I want that proof
I don't know
Check again! It's now in the description.
@@pbsspacetimeExperimental evidence information propagates instantaneously across space using nearfield electromagnetic fields. An experiment has just been conducted showing that the front edge of an electromagnetic pulse propagates instantaneously across space. The paper has been posted on a preprint server and is undergoing journal peer review..See link below. This result is completely incompatible with Relativity. In fact a derivation of Relativity using Instantaneous electromagnetic fields (light) yields Galilean Relativity, where time is the same in all inertial frames. This can easily be seen by inserting c=infinity into the Lorentz Transform, yielding the Galilean Transform. Instantaneous light can also be used to synchronize all inertial frames and destroys Relativity of simultaneity. So if a moving object is observed with farfield speed light, then Relativistic effects will be observed. But if instantaneous nearfield light is used, then no Relativistic effects will be observed. So by simply changing the frequency of the light, the effects of Relativity can be made to disappear. This means that the effects of Relativity are not real and are just an optical illusion, and that the correct theory is Galilean Relativity, where time is the same in all frames of refference and there is no speed limit for mass, fields, or transmission of information.
New experiment paper: www.techrxiv.org/doi/full/10.36227/techrxiv.170862178.82175798/v1
UA-cam presentation of above argument:
ua-cam.com/video/sePdJ7vSQvQ/v-deo.html
Paper it is based on: William D. Walker and Dag Stranneby, A New Interpretation of Relativity, 2023:
vixra.org/abs/2309.0145
An outstanding episode on the meaning of information conservation in the QM sense.
If you need some ideas for the future episodes , I suggest something about traveling through space, like Interplanetary Transport Network. Or, where do we need to point our interstellar starships to get to a certain star, given that very light from that star took years to reach us.
Yay!
I love the endings! How can you come up with those answers??? :-)
Christian Augustin writers...
This channel makes me regret not studying physics at A-level. I took computer science, chemistry, and biology.
Keep up the good work, I'd like to see more on time travel and Kerr black holes.
Hi Spacetime!
First, i love your channel. It's my favourite on on youtube actually! I have watched my favourite episodes at least dozens of times :)
Could you make an episode about the "light speed" crash in Star Wars 8 and how it's not real and would it be possible with an Alcubierre warp drive? What happens if you hit something while you travel in a warp bubble? Or just answer my question at the end of an episode? :D
Thanks and keep up the excellent work!
Thanks, Sir.
WHO CAME FOR THE MEME?
What meme?
I did.
Straight to the point stuff, loved it!
Hi, Space Time!
Great breakdown.Wonderful, as always.
I really love the thumbnail you used for this episode. Could you please provide any link to download it?! so that i can use it as my wallpaper.
Infinite Series is over :C
WHY
How is that even possible??
Guess it wasn't infinite.
cos Keeley left
Jeremy Kolassa Or it maybe it just converged to a finite value 🤔
4:34 Your welcome
Thank you
I know you dont know me but you now have the record for most people that im subscribed and yoi are subbed to
4:33*
I can't wait for the information paradox episode. This is an exciting topic :) .
Awesome video, I'm excited for the next one!
4:33 When a fortnite player claims to not be a virgin
I sense a meme format
Bro it's been used a lot of time
Haha
Interesting. Is there possibility of saving a human mind in quantum level or am I saying incorrectly?
In theory, yes; in practice, maybe not, because of the difficulty of abstracting the mind from the brain.
By the pauli exclusion principle your brain will only exist exactly as it is in one place at one time. The important thing to realize is that the thing you want to protect is not a description of your brain but the brain itself. Even if you made a perfectly functional copy of yourself you would see it and think “shit I’m still going to die”. You are your brain. The thing you have the urge to protect is the singular instance of your brain.
"By the pauli exclusion principle your brain will only exist exactly as it is in one place at one time" -- nope, Pauli Exclusion says that identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state, but the quantum state encodes location, so Pauli's Exclusion has no effect when the two particles are in different locations... so, two elections can't have the same energy+spin in a single atom, but obviously they can do if they are attached to different atoms.
willis936 people confuse consciousness with memories. No one knows where consciousness comes from. We know memories are stored in the brain, but we don’t know where consciousness comes from
In theory no, quantum cloning is forbidden
I LOVE learning!
Keep up the great work, everyone. :)
Ooooh snap - the next episodes are about to be mind blowing
How about the heat death of the universe? Will quantum waves still be traceable then if there is nothing happening? I know it's sorta like asking "why did the big bang bang", but then again I'm no Stephen Hawking.
This question is directly related to the Black Hole information paradox - expect him to say that, yes, there will be correlations between all the heat bath radiation. But Roger Penrose of Oxford explains how - if there is no mass left - that the universe can have another big bang by rescaling itself: ua-cam.com/video/sM47acQ7pEQ/v-deo.html&list=PLJ4zAUPI-qqqj2D8eSk7yoa4hnojoCR4m&index=6
+Eugene Bird
well thank you, sir, it's exactly what I was looking for.
FairyRat ...learn the difference between 'then' and 'than'... *please!*
FairyRat that's where Laura Mersini hets in. There is no big bang nor blackholes as described by Hawkins. Hawkins radiation at event horizon is not isentropic. There is no symetric functionality in real life. Blackholes are lack of retrievable info. So it is lost and for our purposes destroyed. That's why relativity is not compatible with quantum mechanics, there is no space/time continuum without time. We can't interact in this dimension without time perception. It is an operational parameter of the construct.
Eugene Bird interesting approach, but does he has mechanics defined? This is novel level shit. Still need an observer for wave collapse, or time perception.
Matt for President of Earth 2020
Are you an alien?
9gag.com/gag/anKQY9q/thats-how-aliens-see-the-earthhollywood-be-like
Did everyone already forgot 'should space be privatized' video and the commentators assuming matt was communist?...
...
Matt for Supreme soviet
>Globalist shilling
Im glad to have watched that video early now that you said that
Zachary Fluke - Monopoly governments always lead to tyranny. Monopolies never provide the best service. They never have an incentive to. Eliminate monopolies. Eliminate governments.
Great video on so many levels here.
Great upload, I am stoked and only 3 mins in!
Where is the link to proof referenced at 7:33?
Zach Ryan in mui pantolones
Does anybody else feel like every time he mentions a new conserved property of the universe that we've found a new Space Time infinity stone?
You knew someone was gonna mention Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and hawking radiation. Half way through this video, I was ready to pounce. LOL Great info!
"tonight I will go to bed at a reasonable hour instead of watching videos at 2 in the morning" 4:33
Sometimes you just know from the video name, that a head explosion will occur...
Ti Haa
This made me howl laughing because I know exactly what you mean😂😆
Frequently.
I don't get it!
At one point you say that Unitarity is essential for quantum mechanics (and it makes sense because sum of probabilities always should add to 1 and quantum mechanics (specially Copenhagen Interpretation of it as far as I know) assumes a direct link between Wave function and Probability.
Then you say that you can prove that if you want to satisfy Unitarity, you need Time Symmetry (and conservation of quantum information).
But at the final part you say Copenhagen Interpretation violates this conservation law (although as far as I did understand it satisfies Unitarity).
I am addicted with your videos...
😇 Say thanks to you for your amazing beneficial video, this is greatly appreciated and I definitely value your hard work !👍
The concept of perfect knowledge is flawed. 😎
*FELLOW KIDS INTENSIFIES*
"IF knowing the exact state of every particle in the universe at one point in time..."
Aye, there's the rub, Heisenberg.
Heisenberg doesn't quite apply here, since we're talking about knowing the *quantum state* (the wave function), not an observable state.
But both situations are impossible :)
That was a great episode!
I cracked up with your solar panel suggestion instead of a device spanning several million light years !! Amazing
So the quantum eraser doesn't actually erase the information?
If you use Copenhagen interpretation then information is lost. He says that in the video.
This person uses like bots D:
The quantum eraser actually erases the *measurement*, which *restores* the information.
What is your avatar?
Never quantum eraser so much as long quantum tunneling. Tunnels too far away for the scientists to measure.
YYYYYEEESSSSSSSSSSSSS quantum information!!!!!!
I know I'm sober as a bird when I can fully understand a video like this
Please do a video on a detailed explanation of what "information" means in quantum mechanics as opposed to what colloquially means to the average person.
*sigh* apparently billions of years ago the universe determined that I was going to get a lack of youtube content at this point in time... FIrst Eons is gone, then Dan leaves Extra Credits, and now I have to wait for new spacetime episodes :( I swear, if UA-cam shuts down Cody's Lab again I'm gonna scream!
Well if you know the status of the universe you can predict if Cody's Lab is going down. Or gather as much information as much as possible like Google or Facebook to make a very well estimated prediction with a high chance of succes. Now you know why gathering alot information is important. Information = Power = Survival. And then you get to Evolution Theory.. oh boii.
Eons is gone?
errr.... I'm not sure why I said eons.... I must have mistyped. There was another channel that decided to stop making new content just a few days before this video.
Must be the infinite series.
Dan 😔
Hey Matt, are you really sure the universe took 10 billion years to compile the 1st form of life.
RIP Aliens (before earthlings).....
Our sun is one of the earliest 3rd generation stars and we think that only the nebula forming 3rd generation stars have an elementary composition that allows the formation of life. So as life formed quite quickly on Earth, it's at least a highly reasonable assumption.
Frank Schneider Hey just think about the earliest galaxies. The 1st gen stars had a very short time as they were extermly massive. They quickly died and give the raw materials for 2nd gen stars. If any massive 2nd gen star have also formed it will also die pretty quickly giving the raw materials for 3rd gen stars. We surely know that all the stars dont move from one gen to next at the same time. I am just concluding that 3rd gen stars could be lit even before 10 billion years. That gives the universe a plenty of time to make life. Here I mean only unicellular beings not any intelligent species. There is still a controversy on the life on mars. We dont know mars held any form of life. If yes it will be before the evolution kicked in earth. And also as a refference to drake equation, we dont have any idea about how much a specie lasted before being extinct.
I love it!! Keep up the good work!
That was another brilliant production, PBS ST team! Hats off to your thorough and hard work.
Quantum Mechanics are such a diverse and multilayered field, yet time and time again resources and discussions that I find on the www tend to provide a very reductionist view of the matter. You were careful enough not fall into that black-rabbit-hole.
Overall, I find Pr O'Dowd has become an ace lecturer and presenter over the last 2 years.
Your voice sounds off. Sounds like you have a sprained left ankle. Get well soon Matt.
EscapeMCP glad im not the only one that noticed
Nonsense, his left ankle is just fine. I can tell from his voice that he did nearly have a freak accident with a balloon truck on highway 67 at 2:36 pm on a Wednesday and narrowly missed driving into the concrete divider. I can see how you would make the mistake, the slight difference between the 2's effect on his voice is very subtle and might be missed by a noob.
@@medexamtoolsdotcom This was funny.
Information is preserved in symmetrical determinism, but practical access is not. It's the same reason you can't run an emulator for a iPhone 8 on an iPhone 8 in real time - the Computational complexity is such that either you need to run it much much slower (thus never reconstructing the history of the universe) or only ever be able to reconstruct a small part. In reality we could only ever hope to compute an extremely fleetingly small part.
Imagine you networked a bunch of iPhone 8s together that could simulate a single iPhone 8 many times over; perhaps we could discover different planes of existence which we could computerize in their entirety to simulate our own universe with. Although I guess by utilizing these other universes, they would necessarily become part of the original simulation... guess that wouldn't work.
nope, same problem. You can reconstruct a simplified version though it's just an approximation.
But we can simulate life. And recreate life. We can be God's of deterministic complex beings if we want. YEEY
Very interesting to hear that the interpretation of the theory can itself change the conserved quantities. I always thought such properties are implied in the math and the interpretation is just how you want to understand the theory.
Now that sets the stage perfectly for delving deeper into the mysteries and vagaries of the King of Astrophysical Objects - Black Holes. Can't wait for black hole information paradox and thermodynamics topics. Don't forget the important equations. I really like your vision of the future
*i clicked so fast that broke my mouse*
The Exoplanets Channel No you didn't. I bet your mouse is fine.
I sent him a replacement regardless.
Second time I see that said today.
clicking fast doesnt break a mouse. clicking hard does
Why is Copenhagen still taken seriously?
same as other religions: tradition, that's why people continue clinging to nonsense.
My dad already believed in Thor .. ehm I mean Bohr, so I believe in him too.
Well yes, Copenhagen is of course not a religion (in contrast to e.g. string theory, which is at least a cult), but it's still highly questionable. Most prominent issue: where does the wave function collapse come from ? Something like that is nowhere to be found anywhere in the math. Answer. Bohr just made it up and without wave function collapse everything else falls apart. There are more parts where it's problematic. What i have to give it, is that it's comparatively intuitive and of course it delivers the right values (as all interpretations do), so there are worse things than being a Copehagen fan (e.g. being a creationist would be far worse).
Bohr is primarily just taken seriously because Bohr was highly influential (believing in "authorities is always a problem in sciences) and von Neuḿann erroneously killed off Einstein's hidden variables (which transformed into pilotwave) in his textbook.
If it soothes you: I'm not too happy with Everett's multiple worlds or Bohm's pilotwave either, but that's my issue, ad as long as the math delivers the correct result and the different interpretations can not be validated (as bell's theorem and the aspect experiment tried), it just doesn't really matter from a scientific point of view
Why is Many Worlds interpretation, string theory and others taking seriously? In my opinion all of the interpretation are wrong but have a small bit of truth. I think Quantum Realism or that reality as a VR is a better interpretation.
String theory is not really taken seriously by must physicists, as it doesn't make any falsifiable predictions and is thus per definition not a scientific theory/hypothesis.
If they can get rid of their 10⁵⁰⁰ manifolds and would be able to make falsifiable predictions, this would of course immediately change, but in its current state it's just a mess.
Frank Schneider - There is also a "no-collapse" interpretation of non-relativistic QM, in which the apparent collapse is actually a decoherence of the pure quantum state into a mixed state caused by entanglement of the system with the environment (seen as a thermal bath). I don't know if there is an analogue of these interpretations in (relativistic) QFT.
thanks, i had searched for so long until i found this simplified explanation over the conservation of information. was already becoming mad
Such a cool subject. Thanks very much
R.I.P Stephen Hawking.
Atlas WalkedAway Have you been living under a rock?
Is the presenter called Stephen Hawking
Anita C. Nope. Steven Hawking is the famous guy that basically discovered black holes. Not sure what this guy's name is, but he's not Steven Hawking.
Jake Bradley Karl Swarszchild discovered black holes, Stephen Hawking discovered the process by which they evaporate
Apophyx ah thank you
*I like traps but I'm not gay.*
4:34
thank you so much for your video's you help me escape thinking to much about nonsense .... will i still think but at least about good stuff that makes me happy
CAN'T WAIT FOR THE NEW ONES!
Mirrors don't flip the X axis, they flip the Z axis.
Anton Rubertsson yay physics girl fan!!!
It also flip x axis for our frame of refference. z axis is inverted in the image's frame
entirely dependent on the orientation of the mirror
This video is my universe right now. Everything I am, was and will be. THIS VIDEO, man. Think about it. 💋🍄💋🍄💋
6
Lovin’ that time eyeball.
You could have discussed a bit quantum dissipative system and the Lindblad equation. I hope you will discuss it in the future.