Beginning of Muslim Rule in India | 712 -1206 | Indo-Pak History 712 - 1206 |ہندستان کی تاریخ
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- Опубліковано 13 вер 2024
- muhammad bin qasim, mahmud Ghazanavi and Muhammad Gori, Indian invasions.
Sind was conquered in c. 711 by Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi, who had been sent to undertake a punitive expedition against Dahir, the king of Sind. ... Following this victory, Muhammad worked his way north and encountered Dahir, whom he defeated and killed.
Raja Dahir Sen was the last Hindu ruler of Sindh, in present-day Pakistan, in the western region of the Indian subcontinent. In 711 CE, his kingdom was conquered by the Ummayad Caliphate led by Arab General.
Mahmud Ghazni commonly known as Mahmud of Ghazni , who ruled Ghazni from 971 to 1030 AD. So to plunder the wealth of India he made very first attack in 1001. He attacked India 17 times on India. He made his 16th attack on the Somnath temple in 1025 just to plunder the gold.
Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed and looted one of the most sacred temples of Hindus- Somnath Temple in 1025 AD killing over 50,000 people who tried to defend it.
somanat ka mandir.
Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, born Shihab ad-Din, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.
The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 by the Ghurids against the Chahamanas and their allies, near Tarain (modern Taraori in Haryana, India). The Ghurid king Mu'izz al-Din defeated the Chahamana king Prithiviraj Chauhan thus avenging his earlier defeat at the First Battle of Tarain.
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HISTORY OF DELHI SULTANATE 1206-1526.
• Delhi Sultanate Comple...
INDO-PAK HISTORY 1857-1947
• History of India and P...
HISTORY OF MUGHAL EMPIRE 1526-1707.
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Delhi SULTANATE HISTORY 1206-1526.
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History of Pakistan 1947 -2020
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Beginning of Muslim Rule in India | 712 -1206 | Indo-Pak History 712 - 1206 |ہندستان کی تاریخ
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Indo-Pak History frm 712 - 2020.
1. History of Pakistan 1947-2020
ua-cam.com/video/6idGIkdXl3k/v-deo.html
2. IndoPak History 1857-1947
ua-cam.com/video/2n1WidVQnG4/v-deo.html
3. Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526
ua-cam.com/video/TUJynO1-nXI/v-deo.html
4. History of Mughal Empire 1526-1707
ua-cam.com/video/_g5BVfsjR6E/v-deo.html
5. IndoPak History 712 -1206
ua-cam.com/video/HDyC0Cc7O1I/v-deo.html
6: Later Mughals 1707-1857
ua-cam.com/video/4lyCppna7Z0/v-deo.html
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0:00 India Before Arab Conquest:
Introduction:
Before the Arab conquest, the Indian subcontinent was primarily ruled by various Hindu dynasties and kingdoms. The region had a rich and diverse cultural landscape, with multiple regional powers vying for dominance.
Hindu-Arab Relations:
Before the Arab conquest, there were limited interactions between Hindu kingdoms and Arab traders who visited the Indian coastal regions for commerce. These interactions were largely peaceful and focused on trade rather than political control.
Sind Before Arab Conquest:
Sindh, located in present-day Pakistan, was a prosperous region with well-established trade links. It was ruled by the Rai Dynasty during the 7th and 8th centuries. The region had a predominantly Hindu population, and Buddhism also had a significant presence.
Causes of Arab Conquest:
The Arab conquest of Sindh was primarily motivated by a combination of economic, political, and religious factors. The Arabs sought to expand their influence and control over lucrative trade routes, particularly those passing through Sindh. Additionally, Islam played a role in their expansionist motivations, as they aimed to spread their religion.
Muhammad bin Qasim:
Muhammad bin Qasim, a general of the Umayyad Caliphate, led the Arab conquest of Sindh in 712. He successfully captured major cities like Debal and Multan, establishing Arab rule in the region. Muhammad bin Qasim introduced Islamic administrative systems, levied taxes, and encouraged conversions to Islam. However, his rule was relatively short-lived, as he was recalled to the Caliphate due to political intrigues.
Effects of Arab Expeditions:
The Arab expeditions had several long-term effects on the Indian subcontinent. They introduced Islam and the Arabic language, which eventually influenced the region's culture, art, and architecture. The Arab conquest also opened up trade routes and facilitated cultural exchange between the Indian subcontinent and the rest of the Islamic world.
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni:
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, who ruled from 997 to 1030, was a prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty. He conducted numerous military campaigns in northern India, primarily motivated by wealth accumulation and the desire to establish Muslim rule. Mahmud of Ghazni is particularly remembered for his raids on temples, including the famous Somnath Temple, which sparked debates about the destruction of cultural heritage.
Sultan Muhammad Ghori:
Sultan Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was a Turkic ruler who played a significant role in the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. He led expeditions into northern India and defeated the Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan in the Battle of Tarain (1192). This victory laid the foundation for the Delhi Sultanate, marking the beginning of Muslim rule in Delhi and the surrounding regions.
Delhi Sultanate:
The Delhi Sultanate, established in 1206, was a Muslim kingdom that ruled over large parts of the Indian subcontinent until the arrival of the Mughals. It comprised various dynasties, such as the Mamluks, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, and Lodis. The Sultans introduced Persian administrative systems, Islamic law, and architectural styles. The Delhi Sultanate witnessed significant political, cultural, and religious developments during its existence.
2:26 India Before Arab Conquest of Sindh:
🌍 Introduction:
India was divided into small territories with independent rulers, leading to a fragmented political landscape.
Major states, such as the Gupta Empire, Pallava Kingdom, and Chalukya Dynasty, held influence in different regions.
Sindh before Arab Conquest was a prosperous region with a rich cultural heritage.
👑 Raja Dahir and the Brahman Dynasty:
Raja Dahir, belonging to the Brahman (also known as Brahmin) dynasty, ruled over Sindh.
Chach, the father of Dahir, served as a trusted minister under Rai Sahay II, the previous ruler.
Raja Dahir's reign marked a significant period in Sindhi history.
🕉️ Buddhism and Hinduism:
Buddhism had a significant presence in Sindhi society, with Buddhist monasteries and universities thriving in the region.
Chach, the brother of Raja Dahir, ruled for eight years and followed Buddhist principles during his reign.
Raja Dahir himself embraced Hinduism and represented the Hindu population.
💔 Death of Chach and Dahrasya:
Chach's death led to a shift in power and the ascension of Raja Dahir to the throne.
- The region witnessed political and territorial changes during this transition.
- The Caliphate's rise, along with interactions with neighbouring regions such as Zabul, Tibet, and Magadha, impacted Sindh's political dynamics.
🏛️ Indian Culture and Economy:
- Indian culture was influenced by the dominance of the Brahmin caste, which held significant religious and social power.
The Indian economy thrived through agricultural activities, with the cultivation of crops like wheat, rice, and cotton.
Trade played a vital role, with Sindh serving as a major centre for maritime trade, connecting the Indian subcontinent with the Arabian Sea and beyond.
👥 Social Conditions:
The caste system, which categorized people into hierarchical social groups, had a significant impact on social relations.
Women's status varied within the societal framework, with some enjoying positions of influence and others subject to certain restrictions.
🔚 Conclusion:
- India before the Arab conquest of Sindh was a diverse and culturally rich region, with various independent rulers and major states.
Buddhism and Hinduism coexisted, shaping the religious and cultural landscape of Sindh.
Raja Dahir's rule as a representative of the Brahman dynasty marked a crucial era in Sindhi history.
The Indian economy thrived through agriculture and trade, contributing to its prosperity.
Social conditions were influenced by the caste system, and the status of women varied based on societal norms and practices.
13:56 Causes of Arab Conquest:
🌍 Introduction:
- The Indian Ocean served as a crucial trade route connecting the Arab world with the Indian subcontinent, fostering economic and cultural exchanges.
- Arab traders established commercial ties with Indian merchants, leading to a growing interest in the region.
💰 Economic Factors:
- The abundance of valuable Indian products, including textiles, spices, and precious stones, attracted Arab traders seeking profitable trade opportunities.
- The potential for economic gains and the desire to control lucrative trade routes motivated the Arab conquest.
🕌 Muslim Ethics and Morality:
- The spread of Islam and the desire to uphold Muslim ethics and morality influenced the Arab conquest.
- Muslim leaders and commanders viewed the expansion of Islam as a religious duty and an opportunity to establish Islamic governance in new territories.
🕌 Muslim Religious Independence:
- Arab forces aimed to protect and ensure the religious independence of Muslim communities residing in the Indian subcontinent.
- Muslim rebels and tribes sought support from the Arab armies to safeguard their faith and resist persecution under non-Muslim rulers.
🔺 Causes of Arab Conquest:
- Raja Dahir, the ruler of Sindh, reportedly mistreated Muslim merchants and plundered Muslim ships, straining relations with the Arab world.
- Hajjaj bin Yusuf, the governor of Iraq under the Umayyad Caliphate in Baghdad, played a significant role in planning and initiating the conquest.
- Abdul Malik, the Umayyad Caliph, supported the conquest and authorized military expeditions.
🛡️ Military Campaigns:
- Waleed bin Malik, a military commander, led two unsuccessful expeditions to conquer Sindh, facing resistance from the local forces.
- Abdullah bin Nabihan Aslami and Badial Majali, commanders under Waleed bin Malik, were defeated by Jay Singh, the son of Raja Dahir.
⚔️ Muhammad Bin Qasim:
- Muhammad bin Qasim, the nephew of Hajjaj bin Yusuf, was appointed to lead the Arab conquest of Sindh.
- In 711, Muhammad bin Qasim led an army of approximately 15,000 soldiers, employing military strategies to capture major cities such as Debal and Manjhand.
- The Arab forces successfully conquered Sindh, establishing Arab rule in the region.
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