Japanese vs American Aircraft Carriers
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- Опубліковано 13 лют 2024
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Aircraft carriers serve as a seagoing airbases, equipped with a flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying and recovering aircraft. Typically, they are the capital ships of a fleet, as they project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for operational support. Aircraft carriers are expensive and are considered critical assets. By the Second World War aircraft carriers had evolved from converted cruisers, to purpose built vessels of many classes and roles. Fleet carriers were the largest type, operating with the main fleet to provide offensive capability. Light aircraft carriers were fast enough to operate with the fleet but smaller and with fewer aircraft.
Escort carriers were smaller and slower, with low numbers of aircraft, and provided defense for convoys. Most of the latter were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of merchant aircraft carriers, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. Catapult aircraft merchant ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long-range German aircraft.
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in the war, as air power became a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as primary weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval guns, making them highly effective. The versatility of the carrier was demonstrated in November 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched a long-range strike on the Italian fleet at their base in Taranto, signalling the beginning of effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes. This operation incapacitated three of the six battleships at a cost of two torpedo bombers.
In the Pacific Ocean clashes occurred between aircraft carrier fleets. The 1941 Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was a clear illustration of the power projection capability afforded by a large force of modern carriers. Concentrating six carriers in a single unit turned naval history about, as no other nation had fielded anything comparable. However, the vulnerability of carriers compared to traditional battleships when forced into a gun-range encounter was quickly illustrated by the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships during the Norwegian campaign in 1940.
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in an effort to provide air superiority for every major fleet. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger and more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with complements similar to escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The British 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for quick construction by civilian shipyards and a short three-year service life. They served the Royal Navy during the war, and their hull design was chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergency situations during the war spurred the creation of highly unconventional aircraft carriers, such as the CAM ships.
The List of ships of World War II contains major military vessels of the war, arranged alphabetically
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Sending half your aircraft from each carrier resulted in them having to decide whether to launch the second wave after changing payloads or recover their returning planes. Couldn't do both at the same time. Throw in the piecemeal US attacks which required violent manoeuvring and CAP launches and chaos reigned on their flight decks. The book, Shattered Sword by Marshall and Tully gives an excellent description of Japanese carriers and their operations at Midway.
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So true and I love that book I would highly recommend that book as well very well written
History will always remember the name, Enterprise
The gray ghost. All hail the Big E
best ship
Says a lot about Japanese engineering when the only countries that had carrier vs carrier fights were the USA and Japan
Though other countries had carriers too.
The topography forced that. The size of the pacific combined with no large land masses. Versus Europe which was reliant on land based aircraft. The critical need for carriers wasn’t required.
The Brits and the Japs nearly had a carrier to carrier fight in Ceylon '42.
Japanese carriers were vulnerable to our submarines.
@@tullibee our carriers were vulnerable to their submarines. What’s your point?
Althought all the three big carrier builders of WWII had doctinal and design issues, I have to grant a lot of leeway. This was still the pioneering days of carrier warfare and nobody actually 'knew' anything. It was still all theory and guess work. So, naturally, bad ideas were going to be getting tried alongside good ideas.
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All three of them also made the mistake of wasting money on pointless new battleships (though the three other major navies of WWII also screwed this up).
@@bkjeong4302 Yes but again I must point out this was the birth of carrier operations. The folks back then had no idea how effective naval air power would be when deployed properly. Naturally battleships were still going to get made and upgraded.
@@bkjeong4302 in the case of Iowa and Yamato yes they were pointless and never got to do what they were designed for but look at Surigao Strait(last time battleships ever fired on one another) and another battle ship engagement off of Guadalcanal and others if the us did not have BBS at Guadalcanal the Japanese could have bombarded the us forces (at that point the only operational carrier the us had was Enterprise who could not be everywhere and the battle was at night which carriers could not operate at the time
@@USSEnterprise6126
Second Guadalcanal was the exception in a theatre dominated by airpower and destroyers, and Surigao Strait involved much older vessels rather than the WWII-era strategic disasters.
It's the greatest shame on America that the Enterprise wasn't preserved as the greatest carrier of WW2. 😢😢😢
Completely agree with you! Thanks for watching and have a great rest of your week :)
Are we ahead to get rid of all our museum ships and build a few more modern ships to put into active service? Museums are cool but do not keep us free.
Using Kido Butai, all 6 carriers, as a coordinated unit was innovative. USN doctrine used carriers as individual units, with minimal coordination. This showed, badly, at Midway. It wasn't until well into 1943 that the USN had enough carriers to show that they had learned. IJN AA weapons were largely stuck in the 1930s - slow to train and limited practical rate of fire - when planes were slower and less robust. The USN had the excellent 5"/38 and very decent 5"/25, but the 1.1" cannon was not great, and .50 caliber machine guns were too limited in range. Starting early in the war, the USN replaced the 1.1"ers with 40 mm Bofors and the .50s with 20 mm Oerlikons, which worked much better. WRT fighter direction, one of the lessons learned around Guadalcanal was the need for sensor displays, interpretation, and information integration, and the CIC was devised and refined. The IJN, apparently, did not coordinate information gathering and coordination to the same degree. All in all, the USN did better during the war at learning and evolving/innovating.
Japanese strategy of concentrating carriers was a disaster at Midway, the US strategy of a more dispersed formation was superior. Raids were more difficult to coordinate, but the technical challenges were eventually overcome.
Later in WW2, when the USN had enough carriers to do so, task groups usually had 3 or 4 carriers. But there were significant differences from Kido Butai at Midway. IJN practice was to keep supporting ships at significant distance from their carriers, to allow evasive maneuver. USN task groups had BBs, CA, CLs, and DDs ringing the CVs and CVLs to concentrate AA fire. IJN radars and radios were a generation or two behind those of the USN, which lessened fighter direction effectiveness. USN task groups had air search radars that could detect incoming air attacks at 60-100 miles out PLUS radios and organized fighter direction to vector fighters against the attacks. IJN 5" AA guns' directors were slow in generating solutions and their turrets trained too slowly. IJN 25 mm AA guns were notoriously poor. USN 5"/38s trained quicker, could sustain 15-20 rounds per minute, had directors that generated solutions quicker, and fired shells with proximity fuses. USN 40 mm and 20 mm AA was far better than what the IJN had. As for TF16 and TF17 being separate at Midway, while that lessened the effectiveness of Kido Butai's already inadequate search, resulting in Kido Butai not knowing what they faced, it also meant that one TF's escort ships could not support the other TF's AA, and one TF's CAP was at some distance from the other TF's CAP. Summing up, given proper tactics and effective use of technology, grouping carriers together could work very well, defensively and offensively. At Midway, Kido Butai didn't/couldn't.
@@petestorz172 Most of the advantages you relate for the USN didn't exist at the time of Midway, both sides were feeling their way and trying to figure out how to use carriers most effectively. Japanese formations and tactics proved incorrect in that battle, had they dispersed their carriers initially the USN would never have sunk 3 of them immediately. Unfortunately, Japanese radio equipment was inferior to that of the US-so coordinating aircraft missions with the carriers dispersed was much more challenging. They wanted to be insight of each other. And the US Military Intelligence knew the Japanese were coming, the Japanese did NOT know the USN was in the area supporting Midway-that was decisive.
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Enterprise wasn’t one of the most decorated, she WAS the most decorated with 20 battle stars, 3 more than any other ship.
They should not have scraped her.
Completely agree!
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First Yorktown should have been remembered as the most decorated ship for what it went through and the heroes that served her faithfully during her battle at where Lexington was sunk and she was badly damaged said at Pearl Harbor it would take months to fix her and they gave her days to be sea worthy and go in harms way at battle at Midway where she was bombed and burring engines out but fixed looking good enough that Japanese pilots thought she was another carrier and torpedoed and bombed her into a raging wreck almost capsized and her crew got her good enough to be towed for awhile till a sub found her and sank her for an early design she took a beating and her pilots sank some of japans best carrier s with Lexington,,Enterprise,and Hornet.and they were the only carrier s we had at the time .
@@richardmclargin4386They were the only “FLEET” carriers…
Thank you for another great video. The Asiatic Fleet, or the Forgotten Fleet as they're known during the beginning of the war, garnered heavy losses. But in doing so, it allowed the US to repair a lot of ships from Pearl Harbor to go out and fight and regain control of the war to include all the advancements that were made. My kids never had TV growing up and we would study different aspects of history, this being one of them with all the first aircraft carriers. My daughter is now 39 was so proud when she strolled in the first grade and told her teacher about the first aircraft carrier and the Asiatic Fleet in fact I'm going to send her this video❤
Greatly appreciate you watching! Have a fantastic week :)
But one big thing that Japan made a mistake at pearl harbor rested on one mans decision. Admiral Nagumo didn't launch a 3rd strike. If that 3rd strike was launched and they destroyed our oil tanks and repair facilities we would have had to move back to San Diego and Japan would have taken Hawaii.
@@jamesclaypoole8029 very true I was just watching something World War II UA-cam channel and they did say something about that so I find it interesting thank you
@@jamesclaypoole8029 the fleet may have gone back to San Diego, Puget Sound, and San Francisco, but the Japanese were never taking Hawaii.
The US Navy learned a lot of lessons. One lesson is how much of a difference a Padre could make in saving an Aircraft Carrier.
As you mentioned there were 7 CV's at the start of the war since Langley had been modified to be a seaplane tender and aircraft transport. Of the eight ships that carried or the one that once carried the CV hull designation 5 were sunk and they were sunk in order of their hull number.
Langley AV-3 (former CV-1) sunk 27 February 1942 Off Java Coast
Lexington CV-2 sunk 8 May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea
Yorktown CV-5 sunk 7 June 1942 Battle of Midway
Wasp CV-7 sunk 15 September 1942 off Guadalcanal
Hornet CV-8 27 October 1942 Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands
Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
One error: The Val had a substantially _shorter_ range than the SBD - not longer.
Yeah, the Val was effective but was outclassed by the Dauntless
Ahh my bad, greatly appreciate the information. Thanks for watching and have a fantastic week :)
The truly superb Japanese Air Crew actually made up for a lot of faults; once they were gone the IJN carrier force was truly a paper tiger.
I would argue that on Dec 7, the pilots of Kido Batai were probably the best group of pilots on earth
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I disagree. They certainly had the best planes. They Zero was a monster. But as soon as the US got the Hellcat, it turned into a turkey shoot.
An excellent summary of. Thank you. 👍🏻🏴
Greatly appreciate you watching and have a fantastic week :)
@@HiddenHistoryYT since my father served in the Royal Navy throughout most of W.W.2 and briefly aboard the U.S.S. South Dakota in 1943 I naturally have had a great interest from boyhood in that conflict.
Oh crap.
IJN doctrine was launch all planes to attack. Saving back only some fighters for defense.
They lost at Midway on the scouting phase.
They had slower elevators and had to prep planes in the hanger. They never could recover and arm another strike while being attacked. The log books show this.
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No FDO (CIC), no radar, tiny islands without separate flag bridges, shoddy AA guns and terrible damage control, no useful aircraft radios, no folding wing fighters or dive bombers, poor reconnaissance and terrible CAP doctrine; the IJN were behind in so many areas of technology and doctrine. Add to that the IJN’s terrible pilot and aircraft replenishment pipeline. The IJN was doomed.
Largely agree, but had the Japanese found US Carriers in port during the Pearl Harbor Raid, they could have significantly reduced the risk of US carrier attacks until well into 1943. Coral Sea would not have happened and the Japanese could well have captured Port Moresby in New Guinea. Midway defeat would not have happened. Japan would have lost eventually anyway because the US and England were not going to settle for anything less than victory and their industrial capacity was MUCH greater that Japan's. But the war would have extended well into 1946 and possibly 1947.
@@pimpompoom93726 Only two US carriers COULD have been caught at Pearl, Lexington and Enterpirse. As of Dec 7, The USN had Saratoga, Wasp and Yorktown with Hornet soon to come. So bluntly speaking your premise if flawed. Wasp while a little slower could still operate a full carrier complement of planes. It spend a lot of 1942 doing work in the Atlantic; If we had lost the two at Pearl I am sure it would have been sent to the Pacific. So yes Coral Sea could have happened except with different Carriers. Possible with the changed situation Saratoga does not get her first hash mark torpedo hit by sub.
@@gruntforever7437 Saratoga had torpedo damage and required extensive repairs-she was only available by the time of the Guadalcanal Landings in August, 1942 which was well after the Coral Sea battle and she'd have been unable to support the Midway engagement in June, 1942. Wasp was slow, small and vulnerable. One of the reasons she was transferred to the Atlantic was the Admiralty felt she'd be vulnerable in pacific fleet engagements and from Japanese submarines, which of course she eventually was. She was only brought to the Pacific after Coral Sea and Midway and was sunk 3 months after being transferred to the Pacific. Yorktown was definitely in the mix, but alone-without support from other CVN's-she would have been at great risk. You forgot USS Ranger, but she was very slow and vulnerable-doubtful she would have contributed much in the Pacific. My argument stands.
@@pimpompoom93726you are not as well informed as you thought you were. Sara got torpedoes twice; first time was on 11 Jan 1942 and returned to service right after Midway. Wasp was capable of 28 Knots which was slightly faster than the South Dakota class and NOrth Carolina Class BB s so your point once again is invalid. She could launch a strike about the same size as our other fleet carriers. Once again you are wrong. I really have better things to do then educate those who do not do their research
@@gruntforever7437 Rude, stupid and ill-informed is no way to go through life. You should have just conceded my point, but you clearly have an ego problem. We agree on one thing, this discussion is a waste of time. If you reply again I'll block you, I don't suffer fools and argument seekers as well as I used to. All.
the unarmoured flight deck albeit closed hangar combination was nothing short of a death sentence for those serving on the Japanese carriers, especially on the posts down in the belly
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Very interesting. Well done.
Greatly appreciate it! Thanks for watching and have a fantastic week :)
I sure could go for a U-boat model right about now.
Me too
I like america
I bet you do,young man.
Not much these days tbh
Japan’s methods may have been “efficient”, but they weren’t very effective. Often, Japanese commanders couldn’t decide whether to launch the rest of their planes so that they were often caught on the deck and destroyed with the carrier, giving those planes that returned nowhere to land, losing both planes and pilots. A problem the Japanese had was that the leadership was hidebound. They had ideas and they stuck with them no matter what.
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It is surprising the Germans did not have carriers. Materials to build planes, naval ships and ammunition plays a major role in every war. Japan not being able to build new carriers quick enough.
They did have an aircraft carrier. It was called the Graf Zeppelin. It was launched in 1939, but was never completed. After the loss of several larger ships, such as the Bismark in '41, Germany knew her sea strength was going to be her U-boat and commerce raiders, and pretty much ordered all their to avoid combat and seek safe and friendly harbor. With the Graf Zeppelin stuck in the Baltic Sea, and the allies being able to contain that body of water, GZ was left unfinished. The Russians captured it on their eastward march into Europe. If I remember correctly she was desired in a Russian atomic bomb test after WWII.
Not surprising at all. Until summer 1940 the access the Kreigsmarine had to the ocean was either through the Kiel Canal or the Skagerrak/Kattegat passage dominated by Denmark, Norway and Sweden. They'd have been locked into the Baltic and even after 1940 would have had to have escaped the British blockade. All of their WW2 capital ships were a waste of resources. Would have been better off building more U boats.
@@jamesbriers696 What is the basis for your contention that Germany only had access to the ocean from ports in the Baltic? Germany's High Seas Fleet in WWI was based in ports on the North Sea, and I haven't been able to find anything in the Versailles treaty or otherwise that limited that access.
Efficency in the American fleet was not fixed till 1943. The total number of carrier aircraft on both sides was equal in numbers.
Factually, mostly correct.
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"Kate" torpedo planes helped sink Lexington, Yorktown, and Hornet during 1942.
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Sorry, I have CRITICAL PAST burned into my eyes now.
Ya it sucks but it’s one of the few uncopyrighted options
alat semua anti air ...senter laser dan orarri plampung nya....
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Get rid of that "CRITICALPAST" overprint and I might watch more of your videos.
It’s not my watermark
carriers are gone with the BBs & the way of the dodo bird
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Detroit not even mentioned ? Guess the party is over in Detroit
you have to leave your logo in the middle of the image… ?
that's not my logo my guy
Well the Japanese had planned there attack while the Americans were not expecting this attack but quite soon in the battle of midway they were whacked by admittedly well informed but inferior force and the Japanese couldn’t afford these losses while the Americans it was a matter of time until swarms of carriers could be deployed
no queiro Spanish ads
Ok? I don’t control that lol
Ready to be mind blown?
Japanese built Japanese Carriers
and
United States Built U.S Carriers
The United States also built British carriers.
Haha Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
'Promo sm' 🌟