So will you start to record in cuniform instad of the bastarded form of alphabet that rose with hieroglyps? and also count numbers in base 60 . Mayan people i Mexico are now rediscovering their alphabet and number system.
@@jari2018 our alphabet is based on the Aramaic language and derived from the Phoenicians. It is the basis of ALL Western alphabets. It had nothing to do with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Get educated before stating erroneous comments. Your head's not just a hat rack son 😉
I studied the Assyrian Empire forty-two years ago when I was in college. Thank you. I'm learning a lot more than I did then with the new information that's come out since 1980. Most of these Assyrian kings I've never heard of.
Thank you for your kind comments. Assyrians number between 3-5 million world wide. We are near extinction due to Islamic oppression and the diaspora. We still speak eastern Aramaic and were among the first people to collectively convert to Christianity.
@@mrlefty1276 Of course. I feel terrible for what has transpired over the past decade and longer. You as a people deserve so much better, from the West and from your neighbors.
I'm a bit confused about what's said at 19:50: "It is only when the kingship is invented in the 14th century by Ashur-Ubalit that the king of Assyria also takes on the role of a military commander; traditionally the role is religious in nature". So then the 14th century is NOT the moment kingship is invented, right? Can anyone help me with this?
Great lecture, and I DID learn something. I had no idea that the taxes where so... essential... almost mandatory to the Assyrian Empire. Its sounds really obvious now, writing it, but it really puts thing into perspective for me. Like, I always assumed that, what sustained Assyria's Empire, was the pirating, riading and looting they devastated their neighbors with. Now i see that, although plundering DID create immense wealth, their sustainability LAY in the tax system, or ability to collect said taxes. It must be pointed out that, (like Rome) Assyria's TRUE staying power and foundation came from its military system.
Fascinating! Hard to miss the parallels between appeasing the rebellious cities via taxation and some country's policies vis a vis corporate tax policy.
The age old fight between state and the wealthy. Republics and parliaments don’t automatically solve anything. The democratic process is easily captured. We can only rely on an enlightened elite to stave off a revolution. Good luck with that.
@Professor Radner, vielen Dank. sehr interessanter Vortrag und Ausschnitt einer kurzen Phase nicht des Anfangs ...aber einer kurzen Phase/Zeit unserer Zivilisation ...es gibt jedoch Hinvweise wer "Assur" und "Kalho", wirklich herkommen...auch Sie haben teilweise dieses mit Ihren Aussagen bestätig....und ich verspeche Ihnen, es wird viele aus allen Wolken fallen lassen ...
I was wondering if the taboo on pig meat in some cultures could possibly trace back to when pigs where outside of the scope of what was considered "civilized" livestock breeding and, incidentally, not taxed. It seems plausible that in such context an association between being outside of "civilization" and consuming pig meat could develop, and, in time, the stigma pass onto the pigs themselves. Ofc, the way the taboo developed might have nothing to do with this, and perhaps it is already known.
Tudiya or Tudia (Akkadian: 𒂅𒁲𒅀) is the earliest Assyrian king named in the Assyrian King List. He ruled in 2450 BC 2400. Assyria's size was 1,400,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi) in 670 BC which covered the following countries; Iraq, Syria, Israel, southeast Turkey , Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, western Iran, Kuwait, and Lebanon. Saudi Arabia alone is over 4 times the size of Spain! Also Egypt is twice the size of Spain!!
Why is she comparing everything to size of modern Russia? Back then the civilized world was small and Assyria was the largest amongst kingdoms of the time
Did you hear that, Freedom=non-taxation. She just said there must be a form for that! A way out Nemo. She is super smart and it´s nice that she says ya´ a lot.
The way I see it the question that has to be asked, when looking into the topic of 'survival and collapse of empires' should be: 'Why did the empire continued to exist'? (as an empire). Meaning: how did a core state managed to keep on augmenting many regions and states into one entity. Forming and maintaining an empire, achieved via force, is not a natural result, even of a successful military action. Most victories did not end up with creating an empire. We know how the Assytians achieved their empire and know to some extent how they kept it. The mystery (and I believe it's still pretty much a mystery) is why it stopped working in the 30s or 20s of the 7th century BCE.
ASHUR (assur is a misspelling coined by the Greeks because they didn't pronounce SH in their language) was the war god and chief deity of the ASSYRIANS
The original people of Assyria were not Semitic. Before 4000 BC, Southern Babylon was the original home of the Sumerians from India and Northern Babylon originally came from central Asia. The modern name Mesopotamia came from the original Madhya Vedi, according to the Historians History of the World (Vol 1 and 2, 1902). One of the most famous Kings of Babylon was Asur Bani Pal, a pure Sanskrit name. Both Hittite and Mitranis used to speak the Indo-European language. Their gods were Vedic gods. HR Hall, curator of the British Museum wrote (Hall, 1939), “The ethnic type of the Sumerians so strongly marked in their statues and relief was as different from those of the races which surround them as was their language from those of the Semites; they were decidedly Indian in type. The face type of the average Indian of today is no doubt much the same as that of his race ancestors thousands of years ago. And it is by no means improbable that the Sumerians were an Indian race. It was in the Indian home, perhaps the Indus valley; we suppose for them, that their culture developed. There their writings may have invented and progressed from purely pictorial to simplified and abbreviated from which afterward in Babylonia took on its peculiar cuneiform appearance owing to its being written with a square-ended stylus on soft-clay. There is little doubt that India must have been one of the earliest centers of human civilization and it seems natural to suppose that the strange un-Semitic people who came from the East to civilize the West were of Indian origin, especially when we see with our eyes how very Indian the Sumerians were in type”. There was a linguistic and ethnic resemblance between the Sumerians and the Dravidians, people from South India. Both Rig Veda and Mahabharata mentioned the Deva-Asura war, which lasted 32 years in which Devas, the Aryans of North India, driven other tribes. In both Harappa and Babylon, an unknown script was discovered, demonstrating a close connection between the Indus valley and Babylon. Woolley in Ur found a similar seal with a very early cuneiform inscription (Woolley, 1929). Indus culture is older than Sumerian and Egyptian culture (Hall, 1939, 1928). References: Hall, H. R., 1939, A Season’s Work at Ur, Al-Ubaid, Abu Shahrain (Eridu) and Elsewhere: Being An Unofficial Account of the British Museum Archaeological Mission to Babylonia, London: Methuen Hall, H.R., 1928, The Discoveries at Ur and seniority of Sumerian Civilization, Antiquity, 2, 5, pp 56- 98; Williams, H.S., 1902, Historians History of the World, Edinburgh: Morrison & Gibbs Woolley, C., 1929, Ur of the Chaldees, London: Ernest Benn ( This is quoted from our forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan.
Very interesting information! Thank you for sharing. It’s people like you that make me go straight to the comments when ever watch a presentation. Did you mention at the bottom that your publishing a book?
Ashurbanipal was Assyrian(not Babylonian) Also you mentioned that his name being pure Sanskrit, Aššur-bāni-apli or Aššur-bāni-habal, meaning in Akkadian which is Semetic language "Ashur has given a son-heir" Maybe his name is similar to Sanskrit’s name, but name similarity doesn’t imply scientific proof. If Assyrian, Babylonians were not Semitic, why would they speak Akkadian a Semitic language? When Sumerians(non-Semitic group) migrated to Iraq, they weren’t the first who inhabited Iraq, but they were the first to invent the writings and other innovations. Regarding the origin of Sumerians, scientists think that the marsh Arabs(whom have been residing in isolation in south of Iraq) are the direct descendants of Sumerians. Marsh Arabs’ DNA showed no connection to Indians, furthermore, their DNA results was different from Other Iraqis (the control group)
It is time to elaborate the Vedic name of Asura with Assur and similar similarities with other names, like Vritrghna (Vedic Indra) who might have been a god of Gobekli Tepe.
If there is any connection between Asuras and Ashur, it would be because the Indians took Ashurism around the 2nd century BC - 2nd century AD from the Assyrians (Ashur).
It all began in ASSYRIA & BABYLON so there are countless deities, theological concepts and religions derived from the land between two rivers (Mesopotamia)
England is a small country but rulled half of the world once, So did Vatican. I wish there was a video from the Friedrich Delitzsch two lectures very different than yours. Assyria should be seen through out Sir Austen Henry Layard eyes or judgment . It seems you are German so go and search your roots in ancient Assyria and there is no kurdestan it's simply northern Iraq .Only the Jews oppose the Assyria or the Assyrians because of some biblical claims that the Assyrians destroyed their ten tribes out of their twelve tribes , historicaly is not true since only bible talks of the twelve tribes not history. Poor Assyrians have gone from disasters to disasters becuase of that false claim.
Jews do not 'oppose' Assyria or Assyrian. I do not know where you got this from, but it's untrue. The exile of the inhabitants of the kingdom of Israel (that is the so called '10 tribes') is described briefly as a mere historical note, and anyway attributed to the fact they were sinners. Same for Babylon, by the way.
Quite a banal and boring presentation which could have been done in 10 minutes. The Assyrians routinely used mass deportations after conquest during their territorial expansion. Travel and relocation is an interesting euphemism for this.
But like the lecture itself points out the mass deportations were beneficial to the conquered elites in that they got closer to the center of imperial power. They may grumble in the beginning but they never rebelled in the end. The rebellions were always started by non-deported provincial rulers. This shows why the system was effective and remained in use into Babylonian times. If you read between the lines in the Bible even its writers had to admit this. Ezekiel may have grumbled and incited all he wanted but he never actually managed to get a movement started. Ezra basically had to drag Zerubbabel back to Judah. To the deported elites from a backwater state, becoming a citizen of what would have been a modern, cosmopolitan superpower of its time would have seemed more like an upgrade than an exile. If this was the response to the more ruthless Babylonians, the Assyrian deportations must have been viewed more positively by its victims.
And they made every relocated person a citizen of Assyria. it was like: "you are all Assyrians now", so no green cards, no refugees deportations. Is not it nice?
Thank you to the wonderful German lady for this presentation about the ancient Assyrians. The modern Assyrians appreciate your words of wisdom.
When I'm a Greek pirate raiding the Levantine coast I'll keep this in mind.
Lecture begins 6:15
thx bruh
Yeah....hard to deal with the blah blah blah of the introduction
Actually begins at 7:20 :))
Is it just me or do academics tend to always overdo the introductions to any lecture or seminar?
Thanks
Assyria Will Rise .I am proud to be an Assyrian.
So will you start to record in cuniform instad of the bastarded form of alphabet that rose with hieroglyps? and also count numbers in base 60 . Mayan people i Mexico are now rediscovering their alphabet and number system.
I think you might have missed the point
@@jari2018 our alphabet is based on the Aramaic language and derived from the Phoenicians. It is the basis of ALL Western alphabets. It had nothing to do with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Get educated before stating erroneous comments. Your head's not just a hat rack son 😉
ABSOLUTELY RIGHT 💯
The majority of Assyrians today have little to no connection with their ancient Assyrian heritage.
I could have used this 3000 years ago.
3001
You still can you know....
Good times with my homies opposing Assyrian power back in the day
Such an enlightening lecture from Ms. Radner! Assiria is truly a fascinating subject.
I studied the Assyrian Empire forty-two years ago when I was in college. Thank you. I'm learning a lot more than I did then with the new information that's come out since 1980. Most of these Assyrian kings I've never heard of.
This stuff is available for free. Outstanding.
More lectures on Assyrian Empire, please 🙏. Loved this one. ❤️
For me, Assyria takes the cake as the most interesting ancient empire.
I am Assyrian. Many think we no longer exist but we do. Our ancestors were some of the most innovative people
@@sagesarabia5053 Thank you my friend. Some of us know you are still around! I would love to visit the historic homeland some day.
Thank you for your kind comments. Assyrians number between 3-5 million world wide. We are near extinction due to Islamic oppression and the diaspora. We still speak eastern Aramaic and were among the first people to collectively convert to Christianity.
@@mrlefty1276 Of course. I feel terrible for what has transpired over the past decade and longer. You as a people deserve so much better, from the West and from your neighbors.
I like the unusual angle thet Karen uses in this talk... it somehow makes dusty academic considerations seems alive and modern.
So many lessons for the present!
A really nice lecture. I liked it.
I'm a bit confused about what's said at 19:50: "It is only when the kingship is invented in the 14th century by Ashur-Ubalit that the king of Assyria also takes on the role of a military commander; traditionally the role is religious in nature". So then the 14th century is NOT the moment kingship is invented, right? Can anyone help me with this?
Charming, scholarly and a superb passion for bringing historicity to a modern lens. She is fantastic (ya?).
Intrigued by the "nationalisation" of horses. I guess they were essentially military hardware, and oxen were normal draft animals?
Outstanding lecture, thank you.
Great lecture, and I DID learn something. I had no idea that the taxes where so... essential... almost mandatory to the Assyrian Empire. Its sounds really obvious now, writing it, but it really puts thing into perspective for me.
Like, I always assumed that, what sustained Assyria's Empire, was the pirating, riading and looting they devastated their neighbors with. Now i see that, although plundering DID create immense wealth, their sustainability LAY in the tax system, or ability to collect said taxes. It must be pointed out that, (like Rome) Assyria's TRUE staying power and foundation came from its military system.
Fantastic lecture. More content like this!
Fascinating! Hard to miss the parallels between appeasing the rebellious cities via taxation and some country's policies vis a vis corporate tax policy.
The age old fight between state and the wealthy. Republics and parliaments don’t automatically solve anything. The democratic process is easily captured. We can only rely on an enlightened elite to stave off a revolution. Good luck with that.
@@elmersbalm5219 Why should there not be revolution?
@Professor Radner, vielen Dank. sehr interessanter Vortrag und Ausschnitt einer kurzen Phase nicht des Anfangs ...aber einer kurzen Phase/Zeit unserer Zivilisation ...es gibt jedoch Hinvweise wer "Assur" und "Kalho", wirklich herkommen...auch Sie haben teilweise dieses mit Ihren Aussagen bestätig....und ich verspeche Ihnen, es wird viele aus allen Wolken fallen lassen ...
Happy I found this lecture :) 😊
great great presentation
6:45 lecture begins
thank you
I was wondering if the taboo on pig meat in some cultures could possibly trace back to when pigs where outside of the scope of what was considered "civilized" livestock breeding and, incidentally, not taxed. It seems plausible that in such context an association between being outside of "civilization" and consuming pig meat could develop, and, in time, the stigma pass onto the pigs themselves. Ofc, the way the taboo developed might have nothing to do with this, and perhaps it is already known.
Great lectures but the format of presenting the speaker in a thumbnail bottom right of the screen is a pain.
Tudiya or Tudia (Akkadian: 𒂅𒁲𒅀) is the earliest Assyrian king named in the Assyrian King List. He ruled in 2450 BC 2400.
Assyria's size was 1,400,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi) in 670 BC which covered the following countries; Iraq, Syria, Israel, southeast Turkey , Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, western Iran, Kuwait, and Lebanon. Saudi Arabia alone is over 4 times the size of Spain! Also Egypt is twice the size of Spain!!
Thank you for expanding our perspective.
Starts 7:20.
46:54 Queen 💖
The MOOC mentioned is here: www.coursera.org/learn/organising-empire-assyrian-way
Great lecture, vielen Dank!
1:19:11. Holy S***t! This scared the s***t out of me!
Why is she comparing everything to size of modern Russia? Back then the civilized world was small and Assyria was the largest amongst kingdoms of the time
"Zakutu" in Assyrian Language means "Triumph" not "Freedom"
Thanks
Did you hear that, Freedom=non-taxation. She just said there must be a form for that! A way out Nemo. She is super smart and it´s nice that she says ya´ a lot.
ASSYRIAN PRIDE WORLD WIDE 💯
I’m going to watch this just in case time travel becomes possible
Finally I know how to stick it to the Assyrians!
Ya.
Very nice yet easy to follow lecture! And now I know: Assyria went down because of tax exemptions. :-)
Add to that the abolishing of the rule against perpetuities one state at a time.
The way I see it the question that has to be asked, when looking into the topic of 'survival and collapse of empires' should be:
'Why did the empire continued to exist'? (as an empire). Meaning: how did a core state managed to keep on augmenting many regions and states into one entity. Forming and maintaining an empire, achieved via force, is not a natural result, even of a successful military action. Most victories did not end up with creating an empire.
We know how the Assytians achieved their empire and know to some extent how they kept it. The mystery (and I believe it's still pretty much a mystery) is why it stopped working in the 30s or 20s of the 7th century BCE.
I thought that Assur was the prototype for a universal king God
ASHUR (assur is a misspelling coined by the Greeks because they didn't pronounce SH in their language) was the war god and chief deity of the ASSYRIANS
5:07 *Texas* and labor. LOL
Ja?
The United States is a community of tax-payers
... and granting tax exemptions is a very bad idea indeed.
The original people of Assyria were not Semitic. Before 4000 BC, Southern Babylon was the original home of the Sumerians from India and Northern Babylon originally came from central Asia. The modern name Mesopotamia came from the original Madhya Vedi, according to the Historians History of the World (Vol 1 and 2, 1902). One of the most famous Kings of Babylon was Asur Bani Pal, a pure Sanskrit name. Both Hittite and Mitranis used to speak the Indo-European language. Their gods were Vedic gods.
HR Hall, curator of the British Museum wrote (Hall, 1939), “The ethnic type of the Sumerians so strongly marked in their statues and relief was as different from those of the races which surround them as was their language from those of the Semites; they were decidedly Indian in type. The face type of the average Indian of today is no doubt much the same as that of his race ancestors thousands of years ago. And it is by no means improbable that the Sumerians were an Indian race. It was in the Indian home, perhaps the Indus valley; we suppose for them, that their culture developed. There their writings may have invented and progressed from purely pictorial to simplified and abbreviated from which afterward in Babylonia took on its peculiar cuneiform appearance owing to its being written with a square-ended stylus on soft-clay. There is little doubt that India must have been one of the earliest centers of human civilization and it seems natural to suppose that the strange un-Semitic people who came from the East to civilize the West were of Indian origin, especially when we see with our eyes how very Indian the Sumerians were in type”.
There was a linguistic and ethnic resemblance between the Sumerians and the Dravidians, people from South India. Both Rig Veda and Mahabharata mentioned the Deva-Asura war, which lasted 32 years in which Devas, the Aryans of North India, driven other tribes. In both Harappa and Babylon, an unknown script was discovered, demonstrating a close connection between the Indus valley and Babylon. Woolley in Ur found a similar seal with a very early cuneiform inscription (Woolley, 1929). Indus culture is older than Sumerian and Egyptian culture (Hall, 1939, 1928).
References:
Hall, H. R., 1939, A Season’s Work at Ur, Al-Ubaid, Abu Shahrain (Eridu) and Elsewhere: Being An Unofficial Account of the British Museum Archaeological Mission to Babylonia, London: Methuen
Hall, H.R., 1928, The Discoveries at Ur and seniority of Sumerian Civilization, Antiquity, 2, 5, pp 56- 98;
Williams, H.S., 1902, Historians History of the World, Edinburgh: Morrison & Gibbs
Woolley, C., 1929, Ur of the Chaldees, London: Ernest Benn
( This is quoted from our forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan.
Very interesting information! Thank you for sharing. It’s people like you that make me go straight to the comments when ever watch a presentation. Did you mention at the bottom that your publishing a book?
Ashurbanipal was Assyrian(not Babylonian) Also you mentioned that his name being pure Sanskrit, Aššur-bāni-apli or Aššur-bāni-habal, meaning in Akkadian which is Semetic language "Ashur has given a son-heir" Maybe his name is similar to Sanskrit’s name, but name similarity doesn’t imply scientific proof. If Assyrian, Babylonians were not Semitic, why would they speak Akkadian a Semitic language? When Sumerians(non-Semitic group) migrated to Iraq, they weren’t the first who inhabited Iraq, but they were the first to invent the writings and other innovations. Regarding the origin of Sumerians, scientists think that the marsh Arabs(whom have been residing in isolation in south of Iraq) are the direct descendants of Sumerians. Marsh Arabs’ DNA showed no connection to Indians, furthermore, their DNA results was different from Other Iraqis (the control group)
She said they spoke a Semitic language. I speak a Germanic one but am not german ethnically
Your sources are dated. We still don't know the origins of the Sumerians.
Are there no genomic studies?
It is time to elaborate the Vedic name of Asura with Assur and similar similarities with other names, like Vritrghna (Vedic Indra) who might have been a god of Gobekli Tepe.
Any suggestions on where I can find more information about Vritrghna in particular about any connections to Gobekli Tepe?
@@Dick_Interritus Search for a U-Tube video 'language of the people of Gobekli Tepe' (I don't keep bookmarks, sorry and I don't remember the title).
@@naimulhaq9626 No problem, that is a good start. Thank you.
If there is any connection between Asuras and Ashur, it would be because the Indians took Ashurism around the 2nd century BC - 2nd century AD from the Assyrians (Ashur).
It all began in ASSYRIA & BABYLON so there are countless deities, theological concepts and religions derived from the land between two rivers (Mesopotamia)
England is a small country but rulled half of the world once, So did Vatican. I wish there was a video from the Friedrich Delitzsch two lectures very different than yours. Assyria should be seen through out Sir Austen Henry Layard eyes or judgment . It seems you are German so go and search your roots in ancient Assyria and there is no kurdestan it's simply northern Iraq .Only the Jews oppose the Assyria or the Assyrians because of some biblical claims that the Assyrians destroyed their ten tribes out of their twelve tribes , historicaly is not true since only bible talks of the twelve tribes not history.
Poor Assyrians have gone from disasters to disasters becuase of that false claim.
Jews do not 'oppose' Assyria or Assyrian. I do not know where you got this from, but it's untrue. The exile of the inhabitants of the kingdom of Israel (that is the so called '10 tribes') is described briefly as a mere historical note, and anyway attributed to the fact they were sinners. Same for Babylon, by the way.
Quite a banal and boring presentation which could have been done in 10 minutes. The Assyrians routinely used mass deportations after conquest during their territorial expansion. Travel and relocation is an interesting euphemism for this.
But like the lecture itself points out the mass deportations were beneficial to the conquered elites in that they got closer to the center of imperial power. They may grumble in the beginning but they never rebelled in the end. The rebellions were always started by non-deported provincial rulers. This shows why the system was effective and remained in use into Babylonian times. If you read between the lines in the Bible even its writers had to admit this. Ezekiel may have grumbled and incited all he wanted but he never actually managed to get a movement started. Ezra basically had to drag Zerubbabel back to Judah. To the deported elites from a backwater state, becoming a citizen of what would have been a modern, cosmopolitan superpower of its time would have seemed more like an upgrade than an exile. If this was the response to the more ruthless Babylonians, the Assyrian deportations must have been viewed more positively by its victims.
And they made every relocated person a citizen of Assyria. it was like: "you are all Assyrians now", so no green cards, no refugees deportations. Is not it nice?
Is this about minimum wages and education ?