Thanks for this! I took a linguistics class at university, probably 45 years ago. Some of it I remembered, but this put a lot of my vague recollections into focus.
here's some nuance that may be interesting to people who want to know a little more. it's in the same order as they are brought up in the video, I may add timestamps later. most of these come from me going, 'wait, isn't there a little more there' and then looking it up, so if I'm wrong about something please correct me. affixation - it doesn't have to be at just the start or end, there are 12 types listed on the wiki article. some other examples that could be good to include are: an infix is stuck in the middle of a word, ie 'abso-bloody-lutely'; or a circumfix is at both ends at the same time, ie 'light - enlighten' mythology - you've rebracketed this word improperly, it actually is a collection or body of myths, coming from mûthos + légō ('story' + 'I say'). it drifted over time in greek before it was borrowed once it became its own word to end in identical letters as most 'ology' words - 'muthología' but that just meant 'legend,' it was not 'mutho' + 'logía' compounding - all the examples here are from just one of two or four semantic kinds of compounding, and separately also from just one of three syntactic kinds of compounding. I'm separating these into two different bullet points as they are completely independent categories of compound words. semantic compounding categories - broadly, they can be split into two categories, "endocentric" and "exocentric." endocentric is when the word as a whole is an 'A word-ish kind of B-word' (starfish - a star-shaped fish), exocentric is when the word as a whole is some third thing of which a defining trait is an 'A word-ish' kind of 'B word' (redhead - a person whose 'head' is red, scarecrow - an object which scares a crow, barefoot - a person whose feet are bare). if the two subwords have an equal impact on the meaning of the word rather than being a 'word A' kind of 'word B,' they can be called "copulative" for endocentric words or "appositional" for exocentric words. copulative examples: bittersweet - something both bitter and sweet; yellow-green - something both yellow and green. appositional example: hunter-gatherer - a society which hunts and gathers. syntactic compounding categories - this one's a bit easier to understand at a high level: noun-noun, noun-verb, verb-verb, and compound preposition. there's some nuance that I'm not getting from reading about verb-verb compounds, so I'll just leave it at that since I'll fail at explaining anything I don't understand. hamburger - this is a bit pedantic, but I liked it so I'll include it. first, it wasn't rebracketed around burger, it was rebracketed around ham; the word 'burger' came from 'hamburger.' also, 'hamburger' is a shortening of 'hamburger sandwhich,' 'hamburger' itself refered to just the kind of meat. so, in essence, we started with 'hamburger sandwhich' but thought that was too long so shortened it to 'hamburger' but then thought that it needed to still include the fact that it was a sandwhich in its name so broke it into ham+burger. german - you don't even have to go that far. it's the same in dutch too, which is closer to english iirc. for these two, animal is 'dier' and bird is 'vogel'
I've been studying Swedish, and in there bird is fågel which is pronounced very similar to the German, interesting learning the etymology of other words at the same time.
@@LearnWithWill another one "animal" is "djur" which I can't definitively say is related to "deer" without further research but it's sure wagging it's eyebrows.
At the same time, I've not come across eatables. I mostly speak British English but I am pretty familiar with Indian English because of my parents. Another example that seems to confuse people is "passing out" of university, instead of graduating. "My son passed out last year" (or similar) is a pretty common thing to hear when talking about university graduation and the like.
Oh this was very interesting!
Tom Scott actually linked it in his newsletter
Thank you very much! Yes that was very kind of him ☺️
that’s how i got to this video! albeit four months later haha, it’s been lying in my watch later but i’m glad i did watch it
@@LearnWithWill És ha már egyszer Csak Azon hogy Dzsungel könyve a következő telefonszámra?
this is a wholesome and very comprehensive breakdown of all that encompasses etymology :3
Thank you!
Ahh thank you! You’re very welcome ☺️
Thanks for this! I took a linguistics class at university, probably 45 years ago. Some of it I remembered, but this put a lot of my vague recollections into focus.
You’re very welcome, glad it helped dig that knowledge back up for you!
here's some nuance that may be interesting to people who want to know a little more. it's in the same order as they are brought up in the video, I may add timestamps later. most of these come from me going, 'wait, isn't there a little more there' and then looking it up, so if I'm wrong about something please correct me.
affixation - it doesn't have to be at just the start or end, there are 12 types listed on the wiki article. some other examples that could be good to include are: an infix is stuck in the middle of a word, ie 'abso-bloody-lutely'; or a circumfix is at both ends at the same time, ie 'light - enlighten'
mythology - you've rebracketed this word improperly, it actually is a collection or body of myths, coming from mûthos + légō ('story' + 'I say'). it drifted over time in greek before it was borrowed once it became its own word to end in identical letters as most 'ology' words - 'muthología' but that just meant 'legend,' it was not 'mutho' + 'logía'
compounding - all the examples here are from just one of two or four semantic kinds of compounding, and separately also from just one of three syntactic kinds of compounding. I'm separating these into two different bullet points as they are completely independent categories of compound words.
semantic compounding categories - broadly, they can be split into two categories, "endocentric" and "exocentric." endocentric is when the word as a whole is an 'A word-ish kind of B-word' (starfish - a star-shaped fish), exocentric is when the word as a whole is some third thing of which a defining trait is an 'A word-ish' kind of 'B word' (redhead - a person whose 'head' is red, scarecrow - an object which scares a crow, barefoot - a person whose feet are bare). if the two subwords have an equal impact on the meaning of the word rather than being a 'word A' kind of 'word B,' they can be called "copulative" for endocentric words or "appositional" for exocentric words. copulative examples: bittersweet - something both bitter and sweet; yellow-green - something both yellow and green. appositional example: hunter-gatherer - a society which hunts and gathers.
syntactic compounding categories - this one's a bit easier to understand at a high level: noun-noun, noun-verb, verb-verb, and compound preposition. there's some nuance that I'm not getting from reading about verb-verb compounds, so I'll just leave it at that since I'll fail at explaining anything I don't understand.
hamburger - this is a bit pedantic, but I liked it so I'll include it. first, it wasn't rebracketed around burger, it was rebracketed around ham; the word 'burger' came from 'hamburger.' also, 'hamburger' is a shortening of 'hamburger sandwhich,' 'hamburger' itself refered to just the kind of meat. so, in essence, we started with 'hamburger sandwhich' but thought that was too long so shortened it to 'hamburger' but then thought that it needed to still include the fact that it was a sandwhich in its name so broke it into ham+burger.
german - you don't even have to go that far. it's the same in dutch too, which is closer to english iirc. for these two, animal is 'dier' and bird is 'vogel'
Absolutely marvellous and well made video
Ahh thanks so much Gwilin!
Best video ever... I don't know why there is so less likes and views.... But I loved it thank you so much
Thank you so much, that’s so kind! Feel free to share the video on social media to help it reach more people! ☺️🌟
@@LearnWithWill ofcourse 😌
Thank u this is great!!
Glad you like it!
Amazing video!
Thank you! ☺️
I've been studying Swedish, and in there bird is fågel which is pronounced very similar to the German, interesting learning the etymology of other words at the same time.
I never knew that, thanks for sharing! All these connections are so fascinating 🤯
@@LearnWithWill another one "animal" is "djur" which I can't definitively say is related to "deer" without further research but it's sure wagging it's eyebrows.
I’ll have to get Danny to take a look at that, but certainly sounds promising…
Here from the Tom Scott newsletter - very interesting watch!
Thank you very much and welcome to Learn with Will!
What a brilliant vid, loved it
Thank you Steve! ☺️
Subscriber 999 checking in! Super interesting video
Thank you so much! You helped me cross 1000 today! 🎉
Is dacoit not a word in British English? I always assumed it was because it was often a translation of डाकू (daaku) in Hindi films I’ve watched.
How interesting! I’d certainly never come across it before…
It's certainly not a word I'm familiar with here in Australia, though perhaps I should start using it!
I think I might add ‘eatables’ to my vocabulary!
At the same time, I've not come across eatables. I mostly speak British English but I am pretty familiar with Indian English because of my parents. Another example that seems to confuse people is "passing out" of university, instead of graduating.
"My son passed out last year" (or similar) is a pretty common thing to hear when talking about university graduation and the like.
To be fair, I went to university with lots of people that passed out frequently, but maybe for very different reasons…
Almost said "Thanks, thought bubble!" after the first animation sequence :)
Being compared to Crash Course - high praise indeed! ☺️