"'The Greatest Compilation' was shortened to 'The Greatest', and later on just 'The'" Makes about as much sense as Copernicus being a time traveller who somehow knew what was going to happen to Gallileo in a hundred years time.
@@alangervasis I think you give me far too much credit, sir. With this implied concept of yours that I should have any idea what the me of two years ago was talking about ;)
Can you please do Christiaan Huygens as well? The guy that invented the microscope, discovered microbes and theorized alien life and space travel while having a dad who was BFF's with all famous scientists of that time all in the 1600s.
Weren't microbes discovered by Huygen's contemporary countryman Antonie van Leeuwenhoek? Nevertheless, I completely agree that Huygens certainly deserves a video, for he surely is one of the greatest scientists of all time, with groundbreaking contributions in various areas of science.
@@pekkokuopanportti6859 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was his lense cutter and a damn good one at that. Most of the stuff Huygens created was made by him, but Huygens was always responsible for the designs. Leeuwenhoek did indeed see the microbes first because he was testing the lens, but Huygens further studied and documented them.
Everything about this channel is amazing. I really enjoy the detailed accounts of people I've heard of but really love learning about the ones I had no clue existed. This channel is truly a gem. Thank you.
An amazing biography. My perspective of a person is rarely upended when watching biographies because I know some sketches of someone’s life but Copernicus and his work has always been a back drop to Galileo and his more famous life and fight with the papacy. But here we are, a wealthy busy statesman with science as a hobby caused a scientific revolution. Thank you.
Thank you for being the first person I have ever heard to mention Ptolemy of Alexandria and immediately clarify that he was not related to the Ptolemaic dynasty. Someone has had to ask that question in every ancient history class I have ever sat in.
Far more impressive was Aryabatha the Elder. In 400 AD he wrote that while the Moon orbited the Earth, the Earth and the other planets orbited the Sun. He argued that the light from the Moon and the plants was reflected sunlight, and (eat your heart out Kepler) he asserted that the orbits were ellipses (not circles). The book was also one of the most important in mathematics (e.g. from it the Arabs learned the Hindu concept of zero and decimal representing system).
Unfortunately Simon didn't mention that heliocentrism existed way before Copernicus (f.ex. Aristarchus of Samos make such hypotheses). But he was the first one who proved it using math and created whole system based on these calculations. That's why he is remembered.
It's like how Columbus "discovered" America. It was there before, there were people living on it and there were other explorers from other cultures who already discovered it. Columbus was just the one who discovered it for the western culture
Good video! Copernicus was such a pivotal scholar in human history. Although he was never ordained a priest, had had been tonsured and was a cleric in minor orders. At that time, many "church men" had not received the Sacrament of Holy Orders (deacon, priest or bishop) but were "minor clerics" and men of faith simultaneously being teachers, lawyers, doctors, Cardinals, etc. In any case, Copernicus was very prudent and astute in the way he did things.
Excellent video as always! I think it would be great if you did a video on the Brönte sisters, with special attention paid to Anne, since she is often neglected in historical literature
5:55 On the contrary, it is perfectly clear: he was once appointed the head of the Diocesan Court of Law ("Oficjał" Sądu Biskupiego). Only priests can be appointed to this particular position. With no exceptions. We just do not have surviving documents confirming his priestly ordination. And that's basically it. The rest is having your good uncle as the Prince-Bishop of Warmia. You can do whatever you want. Uncle will pay for everything.
I'd love to see a Biographics on William Herschel. Disco ered the Electromagnetic Spectrum, Uranus, built and designed telescopes, and the man wrote symphonies!
A stickler's note: Studying the Arts is not surprising at all at the time (and has nothing to do with studying "Art" as in art history or something like that). Everyone had to study the "seven liberal (free) arts" before attending the higher studies (law, medicine, theology). It was like general undergraduate studies to ensure people had the skills to absorb the higher learning.
Unfortunately, it's kind of sinusoidal fate.Up then down and up..and so on. Copernicus was lucky with his theories in this particular times.Polish king Zygmunt Stary was very tolerant , wise and ''cosmopolitan'' person. When he received a letter from Vatican,which criticized works of Copernicus and demands for reacting ,he just said:I'm king of Poles ,but I'm not king of they hearts. He ,in fact ,was kind a security. In that times in Poland was lived A lot of Jews , Muslims and Protestants. All of those minorities was protected by Polish Crown and Polish king was last person to disturbed that state. Even if Pope himself was unhappy.
Thank you very much for clearing up the misconception about Claudius Ptolemy. I (and mot people) assumed that Ptolemy the astronomer was a member of the Ptolemyic Dynasty. Thank you for teaching me something new,
@@registeelix You can find a lot about the gentleman if you just use Google appropriately. If I were him I would try and stay out of the limelight, given that he has said quite negative things about people with power and influence.
I really like this one! Could you please make one on Audry Hepburn? She lived in Arnhem, The Netherlands during WorldWar2. Her mother was a Hitler supporter around 1935. After the war she moved to Hollywood and became an legendary style icon and moviestar.
I friggin love this guy. He gives me all the tools necessary to combat the rampant pseudo intellectualism that's been poisoning my local watering hole. Keep it coming!! Also Brain food!!
You know Fred in your objective reality does water conform to the exterior of objects, or does it when it is in it's liquid form find its lowest point be level on top and conform to the interior of an object ? See because that is the only way I've ever seen water behave in it's liquid form and when at rest, if you have any examples of it doing something other than that please tell me.
Thank you. I asked for more biographics on scientists famous and not so famous not more than an hour ago. I love you guys. Please keep on peppering your content with scientists.
Some people disregard Copernicus, a very intelligent scholar, for not being another Giordano Bruno, missing the point he KNEW what the times were during his life and what obstacles and ramifications were at stake. No heroes but measured moves helped to move the world, or rather stop the Sun and move the Earth. He wasn't a person to be scared, he was a person to measure the odds.
I really have to express an almost reluctant, but profoundly sincere expression of admiration for your work. Your dogged commitment to sticking with the best-known facts, which you then wrap a solid; colourful; and wonderfully articulate narrative around, brings a sense of reliability and depth to your videos that really has no match. I invariably feel like I know the subjects far far better when your videos are over than I did before they started. Because some of your subjects are deeply controversial or divisive individuals (Trump for example) I'm really quite blown away at the absence of bias, something that is clearly evident when I encounter it in myself and wish you would just go ahead and show just a little bit of it. But no, you are the consummate professional, so when you offer criticism of a particular person, there can be little doubt that the facts provide incontrovertible support of it. Fantastic Channel.
When you talk about people believing that the Earth was the center of the universe only refers to some of civilization, I don't like the generalization because a lot of tribes in Africa Asia and the Americas had a very accurate understanding of Earth's place in the universe
Do the White Death(Simo Häyhä) He has 505 sniper kills and over 150 Machine gun kills The most Deadliest Sniper in all history. Surprised you haven't one about him already.
One of the world's first science fiction writers :D "Somnium", published in 1634. Those who disagree will have to fight the ghosts of Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan who also believe it to be one of the earliest works of science fiction. But seriously, a biography of Kepler would be very welcome.
Any chance you’ll do one on Puyi or Nurhaci? I will help with the research. Oh and Emilio Aguinaldo, I got engaged to a Filipina so I have studied him a lot recently.
It turns out that Copernicus was entirely wrong - and that Tycho Brahe was (almost) entirely right. The 2nd edition of my book ("The TYCHOS - Our Geoaxial Binary System") is now freely acessible online.
Well, at least people listened this time around. Because the first time the idea popped up (~1700 years earlier when Aristarchus of Samos wrote about the heliocentric system) they just wouldn't.
I actually suggested Nicolaus Copernicus in a poll Biographics did a little while back. I didn't read all of the other suggestions but I didn't see Copernicus in there as I scrolled through them. I wonder if I had an impact on the channel choosing to do one on him.
Keep up the good work. I’d love to hear about “George Coles” first premier of Prince Edward Island , father of Canadian Confederation. Freed the PEI serfs. In the end had his house and all his business burned to the ground and his name disgraced .
Hey guys! I think the biography of the hungarian mathematician Paul Erdos might be also interesting. For me the best mathematician of the XX century. Just an idea.
Does anyone know of any books or articles that describe the sense of revolution that was occurring in the early to mid 1500s? I'm curious how people themselves (protestants, scientists, catholics) interpreted their time period. More specifically, I'd like to know how early Lutherans saw their movement in relation to the discovery of the new world and the copernican revolution. Any suggestions or references are welcome. Thanks
some people just have this type of voice that makes things interesting. I call it the Historian voice lmao. i wish i could talk professionally like this
New astronomical tables (Prussian tables of 1551) based on Copernicus work were not more accurate, partly because in his theory planetary orbits were circles. Only Kepler's breakthrough (getting rid of the thousands of years old idea that the post-lunar space is an area of perfection and that thus orbits must be circles, perfect in form) that planetary orbits are elliptical, made the Copernican theory superior in observational results to Ptolemaic and Tycho Brahe's hybrid solar system - in which the Sun orbits the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. Galileo also ran into problems with the Catholic Church because a character, named Simplicio (the Simple), in his Dialogue on Two World Systems was seen as echoing pope Urban VIII's own words and because Galileo's atomic theory was seen as contradictory with the doctrine of transubstantiation.
Check out Brilliant: brilliant.org/biographics
Biographics episode on Terry Fox?
The Marquis de Sade Please
"'The Greatest Compilation' was shortened to 'The Greatest', and later on just 'The'"
Makes about as much sense as Copernicus being a time traveller who somehow knew what was going to happen to Gallileo in a hundred years time.
@@SplotchTheCatThing Nothing "happened" to gallileo..
@@alangervasis I think you give me far too much credit, sir.
With this implied concept of yours that I should have any idea what the me of two years ago was talking about ;)
"Copernicus called....turns out you're not the center of the universe!" --Frasier Crane
So many great quips from that show, especially between Frasier and Niles.
@@MrVvulf It's my favorite sitcom. 😜👍🏻
Nice... gotta remember that.
Literally the first joke I thought of 😆
@@lb19830 It makes a nice addition to any quiver of snappy comebacks!🏹🏹🏹🏹
I just got irrationally excited when I saw this in my feed. I think I may have a Biographics problem...
Wingy ohh I think we all do!!
Would be worse if you had an identity crisis.
he makes people so interesting
Can you please do Christiaan Huygens as well? The guy that invented the microscope, discovered microbes and theorized alien life and space travel while having a dad who was BFF's with all famous scientists of that time all in the 1600s.
Loktar ogar
Weren't microbes discovered by Huygen's contemporary countryman Antonie van Leeuwenhoek? Nevertheless, I completely agree that Huygens certainly deserves a video, for he surely is one of the greatest scientists of all time, with groundbreaking contributions in various areas of science.
@@pekkokuopanportti6859 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was his lense cutter and a damn good one at that. Most of the stuff Huygens created was made by him, but Huygens was always responsible for the designs. Leeuwenhoek did indeed see the microbes first because he was testing the lens, but Huygens further studied and documented them.
To lesser degree, Carl Zeiss.
No
Everything about this channel is amazing. I really enjoy the detailed accounts of people I've heard of but really love learning about the ones I had no clue existed. This channel is truly a gem. Thank you.
Well thanks for saying so. Glad you enjoy it :)
A Polish man says thank you, Simon!
Copernicus was born like an hour away from where I'm from. He was a canon in Frombork, a minor cleric most likely.
Shut it, nerd.
Ignore the tard(igrade)
Is there a memorial to him at his birthplace?
@@scottplumer3668 Of course. The home where he was born is now a museum.
He was Polish .
Girlfriend: You think the whole world revolves around you don't you?
Copernicus: Actually....
Loving the recent break from WW2 personalities and the videos on scientists are my favorite!
1:40 - Chapter 1 - Early life
2:45 - Chapter 2 - Studies
6:25 - Chapter 3 - The almagest
8:30 - Mid roll ads
9:50 - Chapter 4 - The commentariolus
13:15 - Chapter 5 - Copernicus the economist
14:20 - Chapter 6 - The book
16:15 - Chapter 7 - Rheticus
18:55 - Chapter 8 - Reactions & receptions
An amazing biography. My perspective of a person is rarely upended when watching biographies because I know some sketches of someone’s life but Copernicus and his work has always been a back drop to Galileo and his more famous life and fight with the papacy. But here we are, a wealthy busy statesman with science as a hobby caused a scientific revolution. Thank you.
Thank you for being the first person I have ever heard to mention Ptolemy of Alexandria and immediately clarify that he was not related to the Ptolemaic dynasty. Someone has had to ask that question in every ancient history class I have ever sat in.
bruh
Love watching these videos, especially when they are about these amazing scientists and philosophers
Far more impressive was Aryabatha the Elder. In 400 AD he wrote that while the Moon orbited the Earth, the Earth and the other planets orbited the Sun. He argued that the light from the Moon and the plants was reflected sunlight, and (eat your heart out Kepler) he asserted that the orbits were ellipses (not circles).
The book was also one of the most important in mathematics (e.g. from it the Arabs learned the Hindu concept of zero and decimal representing system).
Wow. I need to know more about this man. Thanks.
If he wasn't white, it didn't happen. Only white people and their findings matter.
If that's true he should be venerated
Unfortunately Simon didn't mention that heliocentrism existed way before Copernicus (f.ex. Aristarchus of Samos make such hypotheses). But he was the first one who proved it using math and created whole system based on these calculations. That's why he is remembered.
It's like how Columbus "discovered" America. It was there before, there were people living on it and there were other explorers from other cultures who already discovered it. Columbus was just the one who discovered it for the western culture
Thanks for video! Love from Toruń!
Good video! Copernicus was such a pivotal scholar in human history. Although he was never ordained a priest, had had been tonsured and was a cleric in minor orders. At that time, many "church men" had not received the Sacrament of Holy Orders (deacon, priest or bishop) but were "minor clerics" and men of faith simultaneously being teachers, lawyers, doctors, Cardinals, etc. In any case, Copernicus was very prudent and astute in the way he did things.
It was hard before Darwinian evolution not to be somewhat religious. And completely mad to be afterwards.
No.
@@uncoiledfish2561No.
Why can't I get enough of these stories. Biographics, Geographics, Top Tenz, it doesn't matter. I am hooked.
Was about to go to sleep. Notification looks like I’m not going to sleep just yet ! Keep up the good work.
Excellent video as always! I think it would be great if you did a video on the Brönte sisters, with special attention paid to Anne, since she is often neglected in historical literature
Geographics video and a biographics video on the same day? Yes, please
More astronomers please ❤️ Tycho Brahe, Halley etc
I'd like to support your demand, Tycho Brahe, Halley and Johan Kepler etc...
Dude's legit named Bruh (Brahe)
5:55 On the contrary, it is perfectly clear: he was once appointed the head of the Diocesan Court of Law ("Oficjał" Sądu Biskupiego). Only priests can be appointed to this particular position. With no exceptions. We just do not have surviving documents confirming his priestly ordination. And that's basically it. The rest is having your good uncle as the Prince-Bishop of Warmia. You can do whatever you want. Uncle will pay for everything.
You should do one on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. One of the most intelligent and interesting people who's still not well known by everyone.
I'd like to congratulate Radu Alexander on another fantastically written script, keep up the good work guys!
Thank you.
No.
I'd love to see a Biographics on William Herschel. Disco ered the Electromagnetic Spectrum, Uranus, built and designed telescopes, and the man wrote symphonies!
Atilla the Hun when?(also love just how often these vids come out)
Such an influential man and a story well told!
A stickler's note: Studying the Arts is not surprising at all at the time (and has nothing to do with studying "Art" as in art history or something like that). Everyone had to study the "seven liberal (free) arts" before attending the higher studies (law, medicine, theology). It was like general undergraduate studies to ensure people had the skills to absorb the higher learning.
just the right time thanks again!
Love these science videos
Don't worry about mispronunciations, we're used to it and forgave you long ago.;)
Another great vid xxx thanks for all the hard work
It must be said: the Renaissance period produced some genuine heroes, like this one!
Unfortunately, it's kind of sinusoidal fate.Up then down and up..and so on. Copernicus was lucky with his theories in this particular times.Polish king Zygmunt Stary was very tolerant , wise and ''cosmopolitan'' person. When he received a letter from Vatican,which criticized works of Copernicus and demands for reacting ,he just said:I'm king of Poles ,but I'm not king of they hearts. He ,in fact ,was kind a security. In that times in Poland was lived A lot of Jews , Muslims and Protestants. All of those minorities was protected by Polish Crown and Polish king was last person to disturbed that state. Even if Pope himself was unhappy.
What about Hypatia of Alexandria
Thank you very much for clearing up the misconception about Claudius Ptolemy. I (and mot people) assumed that Ptolemy the astronomer was a member of the Ptolemyic Dynasty. Thank you for teaching me something new,
Great video, Thanks a lot!!!
Hi new editor, welcome to the team!!
Heh, I was i Kopernik's house last weekend. Didn't expect to see his biography here, only a few days later. Cheers.
this is awesome!
Can you please do a biography of yourself at one million subscribers?
I think he already said he wouldn't do one on himself.
Timothy Mentzer damn it!
BRILLIANT would not like to sponsor it.
@@feraudyh Yes
@@registeelix You can find a lot about the gentleman if you just use Google appropriately. If I were him I would try and stay out of the limelight, given that he has said quite negative things about people with power and influence.
You should cover Józef Piłsudski
I really like this one! Could you please make one on Audry Hepburn? She lived in Arnhem, The Netherlands during WorldWar2. Her mother was a Hitler supporter around 1935. After the war she moved to Hollywood and became an legendary style icon and moviestar.
No.
Any plans on covering any of the reformers? Calvin, Beza, Zwingli?
Wow... you guys have been super busy this week!
I friggin love this guy. He gives me all the tools necessary to combat the rampant pseudo intellectualism that's been poisoning my local watering hole. Keep it coming!! Also Brain food!!
You know Fred in your objective reality does water conform to the exterior of objects, or does it when it is in it's liquid form find its lowest point be level on top and conform to the interior of an object ? See because that is the only way I've ever seen water behave in it's liquid form and when at rest, if you have any examples of it doing something other than that please tell me.
@@occupiedaustralia9952
Oh dear God... Not you too!!!
My son just happened to be doing a report about Copernicus at school and watched your video, gaining a few insight that he had not found in research.
Simon, could y’all possibly have an episode on Paul Anderson? He’s become one of the biggest inspirations to strongmen across the planet.
Tycho Brahe would be quite interesting.
Hit that bell ??
Only bell connected to this is Simon. 😂😂😂😂😂
Love the channels. ❤❤
Thank you. I asked for more biographics on scientists famous and not so famous not more than an hour ago. I love you guys. Please keep on peppering your content with scientists.
Hmm I wonder are they always this fast with requests 🤔
Simon, you fucking rock. Don’t ever stop making videos.
Simon, thank you sooooo much for your videos. Would you do one on Emiliano Zapata? Or the Mexican revolutionaries ,maybe Morelos or Hidalgo
Thanks for the episode.
Copernicus was wrong. I learned from the TV show SeaQuest that the center of the universe is me.
It sounds like Copernicus was a polyglot, fluent in several languages. I admire him for that.
Another great episode! Thanks so much!
Please do one on the John Churchill the 1st Duke of Marlborough
Great video as always! Tycho Brea and Johannes Kepler sometime please!
Some people disregard Copernicus, a very intelligent scholar, for not being another Giordano Bruno, missing the point he KNEW what the times were during his life and what obstacles and ramifications were at stake. No heroes but measured moves helped to move the world, or rather stop the Sun and move the Earth. He wasn't a person to be scared, he was a person to measure the odds.
I love your accent. Is it real, or do you put it on for videos? It sounds so cool.
1:31 i like that jingle
*patiently waiting for a Bernard Montgomery biographic*
I really have to express an almost reluctant, but profoundly sincere expression of admiration for your work. Your dogged commitment to sticking with the best-known facts, which you then wrap a solid; colourful; and wonderfully articulate narrative around, brings a sense of reliability and depth to your videos that really has no match. I invariably feel like I know the subjects far far better when your videos are over than I did before they started. Because some of your subjects are deeply controversial or divisive individuals (Trump for example) I'm really quite blown away at the absence of bias, something that is clearly evident when I encounter it in myself and wish you would just go ahead and show just a little bit of it. But no, you are the consummate professional, so when you offer criticism of a particular person, there can be little doubt that the facts provide incontrovertible support of it. Fantastic Channel.
awesome report! Honestly the best comment i read on a video
When you talk about people believing that the Earth was the center of the universe only refers to some of civilization, I don't like the generalization because a lot of tribes in Africa Asia and the Americas had a very accurate understanding of Earth's place in the universe
Always love your videos!
One about Jan Heweliusz ?
Do the White Death(Simo Häyhä) He has 505 sniper kills and over 150 Machine gun kills The most Deadliest Sniper in all history.
Surprised you haven't one about him already.
That is very well researched biographical information. Great job! Greetings from London, and thank you🙋🏼♀️
20:08. Anyone else hear the lingering sound? Like he just started recording and couldn't wait half a second...
Good presentation!
Thanks for the video! Just wonder could you do Commodus & Marcus Aurelius by any chance? Thanks
Next: JOHANNES KEPLER!!!! 🌍
Please & Thank You!!! ❤
One of the world's first science fiction writers :D "Somnium", published in 1634. Those who disagree will have to fight the ghosts of Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan who also believe it to be one of the earliest works of science fiction.
But seriously, a biography of Kepler would be very welcome.
Any chance you’ll do one on Puyi or Nurhaci? I will help with the research.
Oh and Emilio Aguinaldo, I got engaged to a Filipina so I have studied him a lot recently.
It turns out that Copernicus was entirely wrong - and that Tycho Brahe was (almost) entirely right. The 2nd edition of my book ("The TYCHOS - Our Geoaxial Binary System") is now freely acessible online.
Nailed it beard master Simon senpai--
Well, at least people listened this time around. Because the first time the idea popped up (~1700 years earlier when Aristarchus of Samos wrote about the heliocentric system) they just wouldn't.
JIMMY PAGE NEXT PLEASE AND THANK YOU!!!
It's nice to see your hometown in a yt video xD 4:17 is a shot of Olsztyn's Old Town
Could you make a video about Nicolae Ceausescu?
The Ancient Sumerians believed in a heliocentric solar system 🧐
In Vedic astronomy the Sun was the center of the solar system, thousands of years before Capernicus.
But Nicolaus Copernicus was the first who did the math... and it checked out :D
@@Amsztel may be , but Indian were great Mathemeticians too and most of it got destroyed :(
@@mohit5496 maybe cows ate the papers
Any chance of doing one for Thomas Cochrane?
He was also a great economist.
I actually suggested Nicolaus Copernicus in a poll Biographics did a little while back. I didn't read all of the other suggestions but I didn't see Copernicus in there as I scrolled through them. I wonder if I had an impact on the channel choosing to do one on him.
A very, very clever man!
Do a biography on that Simon Whistler fellow
who?
good work
How about a biographics on Golda Meir?
Keep up the good work. I’d love to hear about “George Coles” first premier of Prince Edward Island , father of Canadian Confederation. Freed the PEI serfs. In the end had his house and all his business burned to the ground and his name disgraced .
Love the videos. Can i make a request? Could you cover Mark "Chopper" Read?
Hey guys! I think the biography of the hungarian mathematician Paul Erdos might be also interesting. For me the best mathematician of the XX century. Just an idea.
He should be as famous as Einstein. A CRITICAL guy! Just 1 date to remember: 1543
Aristarchus of Samos had discovered,formulated and elaborated the heliocentric model 1800 years before Copernicus FYI.
A biography of Andreas Vesalius too, please!
The greatest compilation: all the greatest hits on two cds! 😄
Can you do the soviet leaders andropov and chernenko?
Does anyone know of any books or articles that describe the sense of revolution that was occurring in the early to mid 1500s? I'm curious how people themselves (protestants, scientists, catholics) interpreted their time period. More specifically, I'd like to know how early Lutherans saw their movement in relation to the discovery of the new world and the copernican revolution. Any suggestions or references are welcome. Thanks
some people just have this type of voice that makes things interesting. I call it the Historian voice lmao. i wish i could talk professionally like this
Might have mentioned ancient Greeks had already figure out the heliocentric model prior to Ptolemy
Can you do one on Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus?
New astronomical tables (Prussian tables of 1551) based on Copernicus work were not more accurate, partly because in his theory planetary orbits were circles. Only Kepler's breakthrough (getting rid of the thousands of years old idea that the post-lunar space is an area of perfection and that thus orbits must be circles, perfect in form) that planetary orbits are elliptical, made the Copernican theory superior in observational results to Ptolemaic and Tycho Brahe's hybrid solar system - in which the Sun orbits the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. Galileo also ran into problems with the Catholic Church because a character, named Simplicio (the Simple), in his Dialogue on Two World Systems was seen as echoing pope Urban VIII's own words and because Galileo's atomic theory was seen as contradictory with the doctrine of transubstantiation.