Dinosaur Profile: Brachiosaurus
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- Опубліковано 23 лип 2024
- Once called the largest known, Brachiosaurs has since been eclipsed as our knowledge of dinosaurs has expanded, but Brachiosaurus remains a true giant. It challenged the notions of dinosaurs when it was discovered, and still provokes passions in palaeontologists and the public today.
The Dinosaur Collection book is available here: books.apple.com/gb/book/the-d...
Sauropod study 2010 that gives good overview
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Giraffatitan as a subgenus
gspauldino.com/HunteriaBrachio...
Taylor’s separation of Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan
www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/pub...
Brachiosaurus finds and the real Bigfoot
peerj.com/articles/5250/
Weight estimates 2014
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Basics of sauropod neck posture
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Brachiosaurid neck posture
fr.copernicus.org/articles/10...
Sauropod blood circulation and breathing
rc.rcjournal.com/content/54/7/887
Sauropod gastric mill
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Morrison Formation
econtent.unm.edu/digital/coll...
Dinosaur nostrils
people.ohio.edu/witmerl/Downl...
Brain of Brachiosaurus
www.academia.edu/3226586/Pala...
Titanosaur speed
www.academia.edu/1504844/Spee...
Sauropod age and longevity
www.academia.edu/1210903/Saur...
00:00 Intro
01:11 History, Discovery
05:23 History, International discoveries
10:14 History, American finds
15:19 History, Depictions
16:13 Brachiosaurus vs Giraffatitan
18:53 Size
19:36 Posture
21:29 Blood circulation
25:25 Temperature regulation
27:29 Respiratory system
29:20 Digestion
34:12 Senses
37:22 Movement
39:27 Herding
43:39 Environment
45:45 Life
50:34 Closing
51:01 Credits - Наука та технологія
When the world needed him the most, he returned.
For me, Brachiasaurus will always be the symbol of all the magic and wow factor of dinosaurs. It was the first CGI dino we all see and the one that we can associate with most beautiful scenes of Jurassic Park.
Sorry, You must be talking about Giraffatitan
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@@pawejankowski9364 I was talking about both, actually.
@@ibtiago18 And I was joking.
😉
@@pawejankowski9364 I know, dear.
What a majestic creature -- almost like a titanic "swan." Brachiosaurus reminds my favourite sauropod. Many thanks, Andrew Murray.
I saw a UA-cam paleontology person refer to them as Noodley dinosaurs
Hey that’s Olorotitan >:0
Awesome work on Brachiosaurus, my favorite sauropod. Looking forward to Iguanodon
I only found this channel literally a couple hours after you uploaded the Brachiosaurus profile, but you have certainly captured an aesthetic that's very unique to this channel. You cover the history of the discovery, behavior, AND anatomy of these animals with a lot of detail and the fact that you include what animals lived with the certain Dinosaur you're doing a profile on really illustrates the world they lived in, even if you're doing something as simple as listing off names. Keep it up. Hopefully you'll be blessed by the algorithm a lot more in the future like I was while scrolling through UA-cam at random.
I'd love to eventually see one on Corythosaurus, since it's been known by such beautifully complete remains since its discovery in 1911, including skin impressions!
Brachiosaurus gotta be the coolest looking sauropod of all.
Btw, I would love to watch a profile about Dilophosaurus
Brachiosaurus is so iconic and yet i didn't really know that much about it. Great video.
This is brilliantly done, super informative, neutral, scientifically-based, straightforward and not verbose, and professionally presented. Absolutely fantastic.
Thank you very much for creating & uploading this detailed, thoroughly made magnificent documentation!
I’m so 100 % onboard with JamesBlackBurn on this. I love the aesthetic as well, and I will no doubt re-watch your videos whenever I get the Dino itch. (Which is a lot lately.) Thank you… and please keep going.
I just discovered this channel a few hours ago and already love it!
Excellence in boring #bedtimelistening, sleep arrives quickly. Thankyou.
Awesome video, Brachiosaurus and Diplodocus are my favourite dinosaurs I think ^^
Such a classic sauropod. Listened to a good interview of Dr David Button whose team was doing finite material analysis on diplodicus and caramasaurus(because they are each the extremes in head morphology) and a pretty detailed study on the skulls of the other morrison sauropods. It seems brachio was much more discerning than the wide box headed caramasaurus(which had the strongest bite force and seemed to be more of a branch lopper), i can imagine brachio hedging back the ends of branches and perhaps the nuts of pine(pinus) and aracacaian conifers such as bunyas, monkey puzzles and kauris(agathus). Which if i remember the floral reveiw correctly are very much like those found in the morrison.
Love your work!
Here I name a Sauropod for every letter in the English Alphabet:
Apatosaurus
Brachiosaurus
Camarasaurus
Diplodocus
Europasaurus
Fushanosaurus
Gigantosaurus
Haestasaurus
Isisaurus
Jiangshanosaurus
Kaatedocus
Liubangosaurus
Mamenchisaurus
N****saurus
Omeisaurus
Panamericansaurus
Qijianglong
Rebbachisaurus
Supersaurus
Titanosaurus
Ultrasaurus
Volgatitan
Wintonotitan
Xenoposeidon
Yuanmousaurua
Zigongosaurus
Thanks for another great upload.
Seems like we lack a lot of good Brachiosaurus fossils
Awesome, one of my favorite sauropods!
Amazing video. Subscribed!
this video is SO WELL done!!
just WOW, respect 👍👍👍👍👍
Informative and well illustrated! Subscribed!
I love these
This Dinosaur was first found where I live. There is a hill called "Riggs Hill" where you can see where it was found. With some molded plastic bones to seal the deal.
EXCELLENT
A great video. I got you book and printed it out. It was very good.
Great material :)
video supercompleto del brachiosaurus, el mejor que he visto !!!!
These guys were a marvel, nature is the best engineer. I wish I could see one in real life.
great video
seriously,
you give me alllll the info on those dinosaurs, it seems
that i feel so satisfied after watching your videos 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
You have a new fan
What about a Postosuchus or Saurosuchus. They are both very interesting, strange animals wich we still debate about how they walked.
I am actually planning a profile on another Triassic dinosaur. Although I limit myself to dinosaurs, I’ll be sure to say something about the Loricata (the group that includes Saurosuchus and Postosuchus).
Cool video :)
I'd like to see if there would be anything interesting to cover with Camarasaurus considering how many individuals had been found. That is an impressive number and I didn't know there were that many discovered of each Sauropod.
Camarasaurus was an early suggestion, and its on my list.
I love Brachiosaurus. Good vidio
Hi, I'm from Texas, where many interesting fossils can be found. But I don't think the animal I'm suggesting can be found here. But it has been found in the southern parts of North America. I'm talking about an animal from the early Permian period that looks so bizarre, we're still trying to figure out how it was able to eat. Some suggest it was semi aquatic, but we're not entirely sure yet. It's not a dinosaur, but a large herbivorous synapsid. I'm talking about cotylorhyncus. It's tiny head and barrel-like body are made to be even more odd by it's massively thick, broad, and flat bones. It has been suggested that this animal had an early "proto diaphragm", due to it's strange bone structure. I really enjoyed your video, and I'd like to see more from you. Thank you for that very detailed and in-depth look into the lives of brachiosaurus. You get two thumbs up, friend.
If you like weird animals, look at my Coelophysis video. The Triassic was a crazy time for evolutionary experimentation, and I look at some of the bizarre creatures that the early dinosaurs lived alongside.
So that old green British Museum " Brachiosaurus" model that I got back in the 80s is actually a Giraffatitan.
18:03 You mention not liking to describe dinosaur weights as there are so many factors. I feel the same way about discussing which mega sauropod was the "largest" in total weight or volume. The problem is that we are limited by a very small amount of remains, and not enough to establish an upper end to any of the species. It is likely the largest individuals didn't tend to die near water, and tended to not fossilize. I'm of the opinion that largest specimen of any species cannot be established with random selected fossilization, and that if they all had adaptations for their profound mass, and indeterminate growth, that likely several genus grew within a fraction of each other's size, ultimately to the upper end of how large a land animal can sustain itself under earth's gravity. Meaning that the top size of Dreadnaughtus, Argentinosaurus, and Brachiosaurus or Giraffetitan might all have been within 5% of each other's mass. I'm thinking they all got about as big as a terrestrial quadruped could get, but all we have are randomly fossilized bits and pieces or various ages and sexes.
Your thinking lines up with the thoughts of many sauropod researchers.
One of the issues is that many sauropods have already broken through upper limits of terrestrial sizes that have been proposed. Many have said that no land animal could have grown to a certain size, until we find the bones of one.
In my Camarasaurus video I am going to address the issue of weight uncertainty more, but I am also planning a video on the biggest sauropods.
great video could you do a video on the larger sauropod species and compare them to brachiosaurus?
This video is my magnum opus on sauropods, but I am planning a video on the largest sauropods.
One has to wonder what Morrision formation trees looked like, every few months being pruned back, hedged or stripped of leaves by varios sets of dental hardware at varying heights. Probably some interesing topiary going on there.
Great video, but slightly saddened to realise that the Brachiosaurus I thought I saw in person on a holiday to Berlin was actually a Giraffatitan.
I would also like to suggest Triceratops, mostly so the next ceratopsian can be Styracosaurus.
I like that a visiting Brit scientist had a close look at this actual mounted skeleton n Berlin, compared it to Brachiosaurus, and published the definite study to justify the separate genus Giraffatitan.
I need torvosaurus
Looking at my analytics this month, I've gotten 532 views by people coming from this video alone. Idk why that is, but I want to thank you Andew. I hope my channel is bringing you traffic as well.
Can’t say that your channel is bringing me much traffic in the analytics, but I am glad that I am helping out another channel.
I am actually researching the dinosaur I am doing after Camarasaurus, and I think it is one of your favourites.
Do you think you might do a video about the Terror Birds? They are dinosaurs.
They are dinosaurs, and it might be an interesting one off. I am focussing on more non-avian dinosaurs at the moment.
did brachiosaurus live in europe? anybody know?
As I say in the video, the ‘Brachiosaurus’ found in Europe was actually another genus called Lusotitan.
As North America and Europe seem to have been joined during the late Jurassic, it is possible, but many dinosaurs did not cross over. The two environments may have been too different for some to thrive.
Could infection from flesh grazing not lead to infection = some lucky bastard allo finding a giant but weakened brachiosaurus?
While it is possible, sauropods might have been resistant to infections from injury, like Allosaurus. This would have been enhanced if they had a lower metabolic rate.
Also, flesh grazing, if it happened, was still a dangerous undertaking.
I found 2 inaccuracies. Apart from that it seems perfect.
Torosaurus was the apex predator of its time. Allosaurus was no match for it in terms of power, unless You are progressive and include Epanterias amplexus into Allosaurus; its size rivalling T-Rex. It weighed more than twice as much and had much more powerful jaws, though not being much bigger.
Saurophaganax is possibly the second biggest land predator to have ever lived. Its size is estimated to be between 11 - 14m long, weighing in at at least 4 tons, possibly even up to 7, assuming it was a slightly bulkier Allosaurus fragilis. It's remains are very fragmentary and it made up close to just 1% of the sub apex to apex population, since the matter is still quite disputed. There seems to have been some pretty good balance inbetween those predators.
From Ceratosaurus being the smallest at up to 7m in length and weighing in at 0,5 to 0,7 tons, possibly even exceeding 8m and 1ton to Torvosaurus @ 11m and 4,5+ tons. The range is not very big and yet many species fall into it.
Saurophaganax was most likely the carnivorous equivalent of Brachiosaurus of its time. Unchallenged, niched and very, very rare. Possibly, only a Spinosaurus could outgrow it.
In the size comparison it has almost the exact same size as fragilis. ×
I think you mean Torvosaurus, as Torosaurus was a late Cretaceous ceratopsian.
Torvosaurus was very large and strong, and may have been able to take an Allosaurus in a fight, but it takes more than that to be the apex predator. Allosaurus dominated the Morrison Formation, as it seemed better able to hunt on the fern savannah. Finds in North America and Portugal seem to show that Torvosaurus was the largest predator in forests, where Allosaurus could not compete, but Torvosaurus could not compete with Allosaurus for prey in the open environments.
Saurophaganax might have been one of the longest theropods to have lived (I can see you have watched my Allosaurus video), but most studies over the past decade, and one published in 2022, put its length at 10.5m. That is the size of the Saurophaganax next to a 9.7m Allosaurus. Put next to a Brachiosaurus, it is difficult to see much of a difference.
@@palaeo_channel Yes, I have watched Your video and Torosaurus was a typo. To my knowledge Torvosaurus was pretty much the apex of its time, but I can't say I know much about it, so I won't argue.
Hmmm...
I will look into this study. I'm very excited about Saurophaganax. That estimate would make it smaller than E. Amplexus, tho. This is the first time I hear of that.
Oh, and thanks for answering!
I saw some of Your videos before, but this one really made me notice You and respect Your work adequately.
@@pawejankowski9364 There is a lot of uncertainty regarding large Allosaurids as it is unclear how their proportions changed when they got to large sizes. 10.5 seems to be the recent consensus. I do still bring up the 14m estimate from time to time, though.
The study I referred to does not state 10.5m, but cites studies that make that claim. The study is: anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25024
While Torvosaurus was indeed large, it was a megalosaur, a rather simple large theropod that was very large and very strong. Why I say it was not the apex predator of its day is that the above study has 13 specimens being found in the Morrison Formation, while Allosaurus numbers 174.
The Arm Lizard is actually unarmed
20 tons isn’t five African elephants. The largest African bush elephant was over 10 tons. Though an average female is much less
While the largest African bush elephant is estimated to have been over 10 tonnes, the average weight of an adult, considering the ranges of cows and bulls, is about 4 tonnes.
If I was wrong in this averaging, let me know where I can find a more accurate average.
I have an issue with the closing point. Study of vultures indicates they will not eat from a carcass that is more than 4 days old, because they'll get sick from it. Yeah even with their strong immune systems and very acidic stomachs. I believe they are a good analogue for their non avian cousins when it comes to hygene. And you gotta remeber that brachio carcass is cooking in its own juices in 35-45'C (or easily above) tempretures. Its going to go rank and inedible. Whale carcasses may last ages but carcasses behave very differently at sea.
I do have to point out that there were no vultures in the Jurassic, although some pterosaurs probably filled that niche. My description is based on a study of a decomposing elephant in the African savanna. It is disgusting what some animals will eat. You also have food chains of maggots eating rotting flesh and animals coming to eat the maggots. I assume I don’t have to tell you why I left it rather vague.
@@palaeo_channel Decomposing elephant is a great analogue I'll have to check it out. I have heard it likened to a whale carcass and assumed you were using that reference.
I'm saying that vultures maybe a useful analogue to their cousins, the therapods of the Jurassic when it comes to hygene(or more importantly how rank meat they are prepared to eat before risking getting sick), becasue they're closely related, not ecologically(we could speculate that a pterasaur might have fullfilled this niche but sadly the morrison does not seem kind on their remains so alas we will have to wait for exceptional finds)I'm just saying if a vulture does not want to eat from a carcass after 4 days in the modern day, perhaps an allosaurus or any other therapod of the jurassic probably won't either. (tangent here: Which perhaps has interesting ramifications when it comes to therapod damage to sauropod bones (deep scoring caramasaurus illium for example, evidence for targeting marrow, fat and blood within the bones rather than just having a scrape at something that is months old?). But yeah I totally agree, the more specialised decomposers moving in on it, and of course those that hunt the decomposers as well and this would create an interesting ecosystem (as would the giant piles of sauropod dung when they move through an area, but much less glamorous. XD).
But saying that within four days or so of nearly non stop feeding a handful of therapods are going to be taking a fair chunk out of even a large carcass, they will be wanting to pack on the fat whilst the bounty lasts(like everything else i guess).
But anyway, great video, always love the depth you give to the animal's biology cheers.
I can't wait til he eventually gets to my favorite honk cows Parasaurolophus
Good old magpie goose lol
One for the UA-cam Algorithm gods
The background buzz on your audio was too distracting for me to finish this video
parasaurolophus!!!
the way the world was back then, with the vegetation so rich and alive would have provided massive amounts of oxygen so the heart would not have had to work as hard.
That's an interesting line of thinking, and it has actually been studied. The evidence shows that in the Jurassic the oxygen levels were the same or lower than today, coming off a massive anoxic period in the Triassic. Saurischians, like sauropods, may have been so successful because their air sac system allowed them to enrich their blood with oxygen better than other animals. However, this would not have helped with blood to the head.
The blood to the head needs to supply the energy-hungry sensory organs and brain, not only with oxygen, but with nutrients. This would have required a significant blood-flow rate, but not so much if it reduced its metabolism.
Ultrasauros is not weird, actually it is Ουλτρασαυρος in Greek.
In Greek how does “sauros” differ from “saurus”? I’m really interested in this.
@@palaeo_channel actually it is -σαυρος, in greek. Τυραννόσαυρος, Ουλτράσαυρος, etc..
Second
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Brachiosaurus is pretty iconic since you do get to see a CGI version of it in the Jurrasic Park movie
These latin based names are insane. Just go simple.
Bro we need to get you a better mic. Like this is a bomb ass video. You're commentary is bussin'. But your mic sucks. For 30 bucks you can get a mic that sounds way better. Let me know if you need any help. I am not an expert, but ya know lol. Like ya deserve better
Thanks for the support. I’ve got a proper mic coming for the next video and will be trying out some techniques for better quality.
In JURASSIC PARK, that brachiosaurus stands on its hind legs *and its head doesn't get any higher* when it bites the branches. The whole shoulder joint (as portrayed in the movie) is like a fulcrum with the head swaying on one end like a seesaw, rather than the shoulder being *lifted higher* when it stood on its hind legs.
I've always found that gratuitous - making the thing stand up when it didn't attain any more height.