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Matt you say nothing can liberate us but Dipole Electron Flood Theory just might create free portable clean safe electricity in a lunchbox. The Theory.... We used light and created sterile muons and electron showers. Anatomy of the Proton. Dipole Electron Flood Theory is a new Atomic model that changes the nucleus from a completely positive into a dipole made of tiny dipoles called Dirac Neutrinos instead of a large positive-only core. Protons and Neutrons are made of dipoles in certain stable quantities that we now call atoms in various sizes.
Dipole Electron Flood theory states the proton is made of about 1839 Dipoles and Neutrons about 1840....If Electrons are dipoles (and I prove they are experimentally) it changes everything. Can we talk?
Small comment from someone who did research in elastocalorics on NiTi alloys: martensite doesnt turn to austenite under stress. Martensite is a twinned configuration in NiTi, and deforming it, de-twins it. The detwinned martensite is turning to austenite when heated up and back to twinned martensite when cooling down without mechanical load. Also superelasticity with NiTi refers to an austenitic alloy turning directly into detwinned martensite under mechanical load and back to its original shape (which is saved in the auatenitic state) when taking away the stress. This way, up to 8 or 10% of seemingly elastic deformation is possible. In comparison, steel can only exhibit around 0.1% elastic deformation. Happy to explain more or answer other questions. Regards from Germany ✌️
@@McReinsenHi! I'm doing my PhD on improving fatigue life of elastocaloric alloys (copper based ones) NiTi alloys can go up to 100 000 cycles even 1million in a recent study but the stress is lower for an elastocaloric application. My alloy CuZnAl last 10 000cycles for now and the target for an industrial applications in about 10 million cycles so there's work to do but we're on the good way
Out of curiousity why are we not seeing more interest in it for artificial muscle? It feels like a natural substitute for artificial limbs... Is it a longevity, cost or sone other factor?
Having worked with nitinol, I had to learn the fatigue properties. With constant amplitude deformation, it is considered to have infinite life. It's supposed to be better than Ti64, which we actually tested one time to 40 billion cycles @ 300 MPa before we got sick of testing and started cutting grooves in the sample to force it to fail. It really was a fun trick to hold a thick wire or small bar of nitinol to your lower lip and bend/unbend it. The change in temperature is pretty shocking. As a cheap alternative, you can do the same with a fat rubber band, stretching/unstretching it. Because you can stretch it more, you also get a dramatic change in temperature.
@@roboticdem0n it comes down to latent heat which is the amount of cooling energy that can be harnessed from one mechanical cycle. Binary NiTi alloys can get up to 20-30 Joules of energy per gram of material, but this is for full transformation of the material without considering fatigue and therefore lifetime. Improved alloys with more alloying elements can be more stable while providing an optimized energy conversion. It's still a basic research topic, so hard to say what an actual functioning machine might look like and how it would perform. I've personally seen COP of around 14-18 in full transformation (thermal energy harnessed divided by mechanical energy spent). I'm guessing COP of around 5-10 could be realistic, which is 2-3x than what can be achieved with a gas compression cycle. So 2-3x more efficient and therefore cheaper.
@@McReinsen yea but how big would it need to be to cool lets say a house of 240m² or 2600ft² because a "brick" the size of a car on the side of your house is not practical
@@McReinsen isn't the main issue moving it from where you want to be cool to where you want to be warm? Liquids are easy, but moving something solid is more of a challenge I can imagine.
There is no shortage of channels with the same format. Amazing new technology going to change the world, except for the fact that …….. which makes it impossibly expensive or the key aspect of the idea is 20 years out. Two bit divinci is the same way.
I remember as a kid noticing that rubber bands got hot when you stretch them and cold when they relax. I saw a crazy project someone built that put masses of rubber bands on a rotating rack that constantly stretched and released them while blowing air across them. It did manage to cool & heat air but wasn't what you'd call efficient.
You can also simply take a thick-ish rubber band and stretch it, hold it against your skin and you can feel the heat. Keep it stretched and blow room temperature air against the rubber band for a minute and then suddenly release the tension - hold again against your skin and the rubber band feels ice cold.
Unless rubber bands have the same property as these elastometrics- that they cool down further when de-stressed than they heat up when under stress- then they’re not only inefficient, they’re not really doing any cooling at all. The big rubber band machine would just be cooling by 5 degrees and then heating by 5 degrees, and then cooling by 5 degrees and then heating by 5 degrees….
I was watching one of those UA-cam channels where a couple is building their dream home and I ran across a technology I hadn't seen before. It's just another take on solar heating, but it seems more advanced. They use evacuated glass tubes. Basically, it's like setting a clear thermos in the sun, or having a well insulated greenhouse. I hadn't seen them before so if you covered them I missed it (or my brain just has too many things in it and is starting to leak). The couple had a big enough array that they needed a pool to dump waste heat into to keep them from overheating when they weren't needed. A while back I saw that they are starting to get aerogels that are clear enough and that don't degrade in sunlight, to start insulating between window panes. There is at least one commercial company selling them. That, if they don't discolor and are as durable as they claim, could be a holy grail for construction, making windows as thermally tight as walls. I've seen a couple other small techs... there is a type of manufactured board... super simple, where two 2x4s are put at right angles and connected with dowels. This limits the thermal bridging to just the dowel spots. You put insulation in between them. They don't require any special construction techniques. Someone used to using 2x4s can switch to using them no problem. Not worth an episode on their own, but maybe an episode where you covered a bunch of the less glamorous, lower cost, smaller breakthroughs?
@@nickwinn7812 I’ve got a pair of panels on top of my greenhouse that were scavenged from a 1980s/1990s project for heating water for cleaning locomotives and railcars. There are a few variations on a theme with the tube arrays, from the basic glycol or water circulating directly inside the tube, with a copper pipe pushing the fluid to the bottom of the tube and it’s extracted out the top, to versions that have a sealed phase-change material inside the tube to move the heat around. Which brings me to another product I saw being pitched for mid to low latitudes where you have a high temperature delta from day to night… insulation/thermal mass pouches with a phase-change gell in them that absorbs the temperature variance and aims to keep balanced temperatures inside the dwelling, which I found very interesting. I suspect something like that would not perform very well in places where it gets in negative temperatures and stays there, but as a retrofit to wooden or steel skinned structures in teh desert it might have potential for passive heating/cooling cycles.
I agree with your opening opinion of, basically, there is no one silver bullet. I realize just because one resolution may not be ideal for my circumstances/location, doesn’t mean it is a waste. If we are to meet the ever growing demand for energy, we need to embrace the idea we will need multiple sources and different ways to best use the energy for the given application.
once 8 years ago saw a youtuber built a small hand crank rubber band refrigerator for cooling I have wondered about this kind of thing ever since then.
@@Sismodium Hard to guess at fatigue life but nearly all other metals simply heated to liquid state and allowed to reform their crystalline structure will renew any depleted elasticity. So should be straightforward to recycle.
Congratulations for the development of your channel. I am watching it since few years I think and I see you’ve made tremendous progress. It’s very professional, informative and interesting at the same time. Very nice
I assume it's for the algorithm, but does every title have to be "How [x] will change/revolutionize *every*thing"? Can't it be a less sensational, more descriptive title?
@@ArtyMars Fair enough. I clicked through anyway this time, but I'm less likely to in the future. The same happened to SilverCymbal and his sensational titles--I stopped watching his videos--but I'm in the minority and won't move the engagement needle. Let the sensational titles continue. "This one easy trick will change your life!"
@@ArtyMars are they dummies if they don't want to hear about some pie in the sky "innovation" that ends up leading to nothing? Rather use those 5 minutes to actually do something productive.
I have seen you have been talking about something similar with a piece of knowledge I learnt in my time and never heard people talking about it ! The carbon steel chart ! I use to study it with my old man when I was young , fascinating the entire process and theory , best of luck mate 👍💖👨🏭
The channel Applied Science actually built an elastic band refrigerator that I believe uses this effect. It didnt do much in the way of cooling, but it does a good job of showing the principles.
If size of equipment is an issue then we need to start thinking a whole house vrf system that cools your fridge, heats your water, heat and cools your air, etc.
Without knowing more about the specifics of the options, that 'really small" space that includes 'a can or bottle of a softdrink' really isn't necessarily a negative. There is a fairly huge need in the medical community for small refrigerators that have about that much space in them. Think insulin pens for diabetics, and other medicine that should be refrigerated for best results, yet you may want close at hand in the bedroom or at the office. An option for that is Peltier coolers, but after watching the Technology Connections episode on those, and keeping in mind the fairly high power requirements for them, I'm not sure that's a useful solution. Among their problems includes the fact that they really only provide about a 40F, or 21c temperature difference across the peltier chip, which means that if the outside temp of the refrigerator is over 100F to begin with, you're only "cooling" the contents to 60 F, which may not be sufficient. You might be able to do better by adding a second cooling stage, but that adds complexity, which may not be a good thing. The problem I see with the elastocaloric refrigerator would be that it may not require a fluid to transfer, but I'd be concerned about the noise involved. That is going to depend on how the system 'works' for doing the heat transfer through the material, but so0 far I don't see enough information. Perhaps my concerns are for naught, but when I think of something that does thermal transfer through changing the shape of a material, I have to imagine that there are going to be mechanical noises involved. More so if you have to move fluids around as well. Then again, this is one of the first times I've even heard of the concept. IDK.
Metal fatigue is a deal breaker in many applications. A refrigerator built in 1970 will still be working just fine because refrigerants do not fatigue. The thing will weigh more than you can imagine and the original natural rubber gasket will be dry or rotten but it will still be working just fine. Of course they realized they lasted too long.
I hear you, but that same refrigerator has plenty of moving parts that did not fatigue. Parts fail commonly bcause they are engineered for minimum cost with a minimum life. 60 years ago people built virtual-tanks out of everything because profit was so dominating.
I had the same thought. Just stretch a rubber band and you know it changes temperature, but try doing it 1000 times. I could imagine having small panels that you can replace after failure and vary their workload to spread out the failure rate, so in 10 years when the refrigeration has deteriorated, you can replace the first broken panel, and then it would be a regular maintenance activity after that. But yeah, definitely an issue.
Lmao because refrigerators don’t use metal components that also fail…. And you don’t even know the fatigue of nitinol and there’s people ITT saying how crazy long it lasts. Why speak out your you know what just to feel good being g a Debbie downer? Such a bad attitude.
Lmao because refrigerators don’t use metal components that also fail…. And you don’t even know the fatigue of nitinol and there’s people ITT saying how crazy long it lasts. Why speak out your you know what just to feel good being g a Debbie downer? Such a bad attitude. This is just nostalgia BS. Yes capitalism dictates constant need for purchasing so product lifetimes are artificially low but you are just looking g at stuff with rose tinted glasses. Old refrigeration is horrible for the environment and terrible energy inefficient. There’s a host of other issues as well.
With the right kind of design with ceramics, you could create an oscillating micromotor with piezo-electric crystals providing the physical stresses and thermocouples providing an electromagnetic charge to pump into the crystals to release the stress, cooling down the material, and creating another charge when the temperature gets hot again; you can make a micro-heat-pump as a painted on layer on a microchip. Cool.
Thus creating a microchip with it's own integarted cooling system if a Nitinol structure was somehow added. It would maybe not avoid the need for extra cooling, but it could reduce a lot of it and eventually reduce the energy consumption in data centres.
4:18 you going over these shapes reminded me how important shapes are in chemistry, they literally determine the properties of the materials we work with.
The density of the systems seems to be the biggest obstacle. You can't have something bigger than your house to cool your house! The latent heat of refrigerants is really the secret sauce that allows evaporative systems to be so small. It doesn't seem like these devices will ever approach that.
@@grekiki And lets not forget ... cost! It does not matter how good your tech is, if the cost is even a few percentage higher then a industry established process, you tend to fail in gaining market share. People underestimate at how thin the margins are in some industries. A few percentage more expensive at the source, can be 50% or more, at the customer. This is why so many other, better techs, simply never gotten commercialized (or not mass commercialized) because the market does not support it. I mean, look at basic EVs, ... Tesla did not invest them, EVs have existed for 100+ years. And even today, EVs are extreme heavy, and costly, compared to the same combusting engine tech. With range penalties ... Everybody is looking at the magic battery, and yet, same issue, there are better batteries but cost/weight/safety... And then we have the smart approach like BYD does, with their 1100km cars, hybrid! ICE for power delivery, with the rest "EV". And that range is not fake... Sometimes you need to combine tech, to get the best advantage. Maybe metal combined with airco technology is a better solution? Who knows but right now, its just another one of those "future" techs that we will probably never see in this talked about market (maybe in other markets, sure).
@@benjiro8793 There has to be some other qualities or improvement to the process to give some incentive for the customer. If those technologies are similar in performance with one being high priced,market will not respond for environmental reasonings. But if you add something in terms of performance or quality then market will respond despite being expensive.
Phase change material research has been one of the energy efficiency industry's holy grails for a fair amount of time (kind of like fusion research) - I have seen a number of periods of increased enthusiasm followed by an inevitable fade. If these newer? materials and their application are finally going to reach commercial viability in the foreseeable future that would be great.
I'd like to see this start to be introduced to improve current heat pump performance. Like how when it's too hot outside its hard for the heat pump to get rid of the heat and vice versa in the winter. Could heat or cool the heat pump coil to improve that performance potentially
Since it's ultimately an electromechanical device, I would like to see a COP comparison for equal capacity between this and a Peltier based system. I think that would be a good illustration of efficiencies.
I've been adding heat pumps to my lesser used rooms for the last couple years. They have been the best option for my needs, but an elastomeric system where I don't have to worry about freezing my hands off when refrigerant is needed, win.
This technology dates back to the mid 1800’s. One can buy a mini fridge at any big box store with Piltier coolers. The technology is far from new and has basically all has the same issues energy consumption is way higher than traditional systems.
Looks like this "solid state" tech requires many more moving parts to make a complete working system than conventional refrigeration: need one mechanism to apply/relieve stress and something to alternately expose the working media to hot and cold sides, which likely means a set of pumps and valves. If you don't want HFCs in refrigeration systems, use anything else. You can use almost anything non-toxic and non-corrosive that has a usable gas-liquid transition on its phase diagram. We have heat pumps that use propane, butane, CO2, NH4, etc. as the working fluid. HFCs dominate only because they are generally non-flammable, non-toxic and their larger molecules have conveniently low operating pressures that enable the use of light-weight (cheap) components.
New refrigerants also bring profits to chemical companies. At this point, we might as well just switch to propane, since the new refrigerants being introduced seem to be flammable.
These are heat pumps that simply use a different phase transition than the vaporization of other heat pumps. They probably use complicated and versatile mechanisms in this research phase while working out properties. But if it pans out I'd bet some pretty simple mechanism could be devised. For instance, a rotating wheel with nitinol spokes could have flows past either top or bottom spokes to cool or heat. That might work to heat and cool a vehicle. Someone with expertise thinking about it for more than two minutes can likely find better solutions than mine.
@@alans1816 A simple wheel doesn't have a strain application and removal function. The simplest way I can think of is an eccentric hub and rim arrangement. You'd also need some sort of seal to prevent the cold side from mixing with the hot side where the spokes transit between sides, otherwise you are going to have massive issues with pressure differentials causing huge leaks between sides. With a conventional refrigeration system, the cold and hot sides are completely isolated from each other by radiators and refrigerant, no worries about air or liquid from one side contaminating the other. If you want to prevent cross-contamination with semi-solid state tech, you likely need intermediate heat exchange steps to isolate the heat pump media from both sides: you don't want your intermediate media (ex.: 50% ethylene glycol) to get contaminated nor leak/evaporate to environment on either side and require potentially frequent periodic maintenance to clean or at least top-up. A bare-element semi-solid heat pump seems like it would only have potential in applications where you want to move heat between domains where cross-contamination is a non-issue. One possible such application would be fine-tuning air delivery temperature on a per-outlet basis in HVAC systems: calculate how much heat/cooling needs to be delivered overall, set bulk air to the average, then let individual heat pumps take/remove whatever heat they need from pass-through to achieve their intended outlet temperature. The air on both sides of the pumps is the same, only difference is temperature.
@@alans1816 And exactly what weight a spoked wheel in a heat pump would bear? None. The eccentric load needs to be generated somehow. An eccentric hub and rim riding on bearings rigidly mounted to the housing with whatever offset is appropriate for the spoke length used keeps everything in perfectly constant relative positions. Manufacturing wise, you can simply thread the spokes from the "compressed" side where they require the least tension to set. If you use spring-loaded or pneumatic idler wheels to apply force on a regular spoked wheel instead of an offset hub, you now have to deal with a rim suspended on springs (spokes and spring/pneumatic idlers) that no longer guarantee relative position of anything to anything, complicating rim and spoke sealing while making the whole thing more sensitive to any imbalances.
CO2 is replacing HFCs especially in large refrigerators. CO2 taken from the atmosphere. 'the real key for cooling and heating of homes is passive home construction, maybe low cost aerogels in the future.
I ordered next weeks meals with factor and got free shipping! I can’t wait to try them out. Cooking and cleaning has been a hassle sense I’ve moved into a small apartment. Thanks for the discount!
Am I the only one confused about how you are meant to efficiently remove heat from the elastomer? Your cooler needs to turn into a radiator once per cycle, that means that you need to somehow switch whatever you are cooling with whatever medium you are dumping heat into constantly. I really don't see a use for this over traditional refrigerant based heat pumps outside of very niche applications.
You're not the only one. Short of physically moving the elastomer from one medium to another the only thing I can think of would be something like dual peltier elements but that's going to consume way more energy. How you could physically move the wires between refrigerents without having a nightmare of leaking valves I don't know. I'm glad smarter minds than mine are working on it!
I presume they will have heat transfer fluids, such as water or air circulating over the NiTi as it cools, and the water will cycle to each NiTi element for each cooling stress cycle. They can t be moving the solid into and out of the room for each stress / heat cycle.
Some designs I've observed use a pulley system that draws the elastic material through a loop; the pulleys spin at different speeds, arranged in such a way that the material stretches in some parts of the loop and relaxes in others.
This is exactly the major problem of solid state caloric cooling and heating devices. All their promises fail when they get to this problem. Most researchers talk about their expected efficiency leaving this problem aside (good to get funding). This is why the efforts in different room temperature caloric cooling systems never reached the market so far.
James Webb Space Telescope has solid state cooling, if I am not wrong! The sensor needs to be cooled and they use solid state cooling to dissipate the heat because they can't have vibration from a traditional system. So, the tech is already there, it has to be made more economical.
Hi ! I am from Germany ! We have a meterial , witch is a combination of two metals. "Be-metal" ! It has one part bending by heat . The other part is not easy to bend with the same amount of heat. I think they use them as a safty in specific Products. Disconnecting the energy flow ! ? I am a layman ! Witch is a person with not much knowledge in a lot of aspecs. I was thinking . Combining this cooling material with a Be-metal . This would make it a three-metal ! Heat makes the three metal bend. The cooling effect should be way faster with the be-metal. By the way. Superconductors or flowting could be the next stepp with a faster cooling option. This could change the way of flying a drone in future. Stay healthy !
well in cultures in the ecuator line we have lots of solid state cooling, like the ancient wind towers of the middle east or the Dome houses in all desert places, Middle East, Africa, Mexico, etc.
Solid-state cooling is VASTLY INEFFICIENT, not to mention non-scalable. Regular heat pumps have been getting better and better for over 100 years. They work just fine.
You've got to understand the physics of the heat problem, and that is you can’t change heat indefinitely, instead it needs to be moved. Passive heat transfers are being explored for how to deal with the heat produced in a fission reactor when backup electrical power is disrupted.
Both titanium and nickel are expensive metals. These will not be cheap systems because of the sheer amounts of these metals involved. Meanwhile, propane works great in a vapor compression system, and its only downside is being flammable.
I'm thinking the propane heat pump is OK for hydronic systems but i really dont want flamable gas in my home. I wonder if CO2 heat pumps aren't the next big adoption. Yeah 1500 psi is a lot and a could cut off your finger but all things considered it seems safer than anything we use today.
@geekinstein Many people have had gas lines feeding into their homes for a long time. Practically speaking, I consider it a non-issue though very occasionally someone somewhere will have issues. Driving in a car is more dangerous tbh.
This video about elastocalorics is one of the best explanatory videos I have seen so far. We are extremely pleased that mateligent and iMSL were able to contribute video material. If you’re interested in diving deeper into the technology, patents, state of the art, and industrialization, we look forward to hearing from you.
I think this phenomenon is used in the elastic band refrigerator that the channel Applied Science actually constructed. Although it didn't cool much, it does a nice job of illustrating the concepts.
Bicycle wheels with that wire as spokes on a modified cam shaft with fans between each wheel. Fans spin fixed with the cam while the eccentric center bearings flex and relax the wire.
@@m1kem477hewz This reminds me of the people referring to people harnessing the wind over pizeoelectric surfaces generating electricity. I honestly don't care if the parts move or not - but if there is a moving part, it's eventually going to break and that needs to become part of the maintenance and cost of operation equations.
You must know that there is no relationship between what you call “moving parts” and breakage. This is something that happens in any device and in any system, even with electronics and electricity. I have a hair dryer that after a while it no longer heated the air. When we opened it, we found that the wire ( resistive wire ) that runs through it had broken, The heating wire was cut off (broken). One time, my internet router was not working even though the subscription had not expired yet. We noticed that it was covered in dust. When we cleaned it well, it came back to work again (now if it had “moving parts,” they would have said that the reason was “moving parts" This is ridiculous). I will give you another example, I found the refrigerator protection device one day not working well. When I opened it, the circuits had some rust and some of the capacitors were also broken. It is naive to link certain matters to a specific system and limit them to it, as this can happen with all systems. When electrons (electricity) pass through something, they gradually consume it, like the heating elements in the example I mentioned. This also happens with capacitors, where the dielectric collapses. Another thing is that the term “solid state” itself is wrong or exaggerated, because even the things they claim to be “solid state” are not that !!
Just for clarification, hysteresis does NOT automatically mean that there is a difference. Hysteresis is a metrology calculation wherein you compare measured values as they increase and then decrease to a certain nominal value. It is possible and indeed ideal for the hysteresis calculation to be zero, which of course would mean there is no temperature difference.
Man talked about the "calories"', "eating", and "meat and potatoes" then _didn't_ immediately follow it with the sponsorship about _food_ , instead lodging it in awhile later
Let me be clear cop is dependent on temperature difference. But at normal conditions vapor cooling is nearly as good as it can be thermodynamically if any further you hit a wall it is very unlikely that you can get more efficient in cooling then perfect heat pump. But if they do then they break multiple thermodynamics laws all at once. This would allow to extract energy from movement of molecules.
In the 80's we used LN2 to cool SiLi detectors in the analytical tools attached to electron microscopes where they tried Peltier Thermoelectric cooling to reduce LN2 waste but most people just stuck with refilling the LN2 Dewar's every few days.
One calorie is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 cm^3 (1 gram, 1 milliliters) of water 1 degree Celsius. One Kcal also called a Calorie is the energy required for 1000cm^3 (1kg or 1 liter) to rise 1 degree C*. Human food is described in Kcals (Calories) not calories.
Here's an idea: I live in Phx, AZ, and recently sold a house that was located in a desert area. The city water mains were buried in the alley between two blocks of homes. There's hardly no grass nor anything that gets water, so the dirt gets pretty damn hot in the summer. As a result, the "cold" tap water is around 105-110 F. I would literally shut off my hot water heater from late May thru September. I've been trying for years to figure out a way to efficiently cool 10-15 gallons of water by 20-30 degrees so I could take a cool(er) shower or have some cool water to use that's closer to 80 than 110. The best idea I came up with is around 200' of 1/2" irrigation pipe arranged in a zig-zag or maybe coiled shape with space between that would facilitate ambient air cooling, since the inside temps are kept in the 80's during the summer. A 10-20 gal water cooler that was similar in shape to a normal water heater would be perfect. It might be the size of a 40-50 gal heater, but if it could efficiently cool water down 25-30 degrees over a few hours time, that would be perfect. A lot of homes in Phoenix and other desert environments have this problem, and it's getting worse as people replace their lawns with xeriscaping, so the ground gets hotter.
Nickel and Titanium alloy? ouch that's going to be an expensive cooling system. Yep, around 150/kg. normal low carbon steel is .93/kg (actually 850/ton but scaled to the same units). Plain A572 construction beam steel is even cheaper than that.
6:25-6:35 a good example, Stretching rubber bands really fast and they get hot. Then they cool down and then you can let them rest before stretching/heating them up again!
@@32BitJunkie I have this same worry. But then I thought of car suspension: the coil is compressed/decompressed constantly - and (under normal conditions) VERY rarely fail. We use torsion bars too - and they don't fail under normal conditions either. I think what kicked off our "fatigue fear" is that we are used to iron/steel: it can bend, but VERY little. This kind of materials used here can bend a LOT more than what we are used to.
This is really interesting. One of the big problems structures in space have to deal with - space stations, capsules, etc - is how to shed heat since space is so empty. Massive radiators are necessary to keep artificial space environments from becoming too hot, like what's found in the various thermal control systems on the ISS. Solid State Cooling described here seems like it would be less prone to mechanical failure, and might eventually be more efficient in a space environment. Thanks for this video! I'll be very interested to watch the technology develop.
Honestly, with extremely careful tweaking, a compressor based ground-water-sourced heater can reach full-system COPs of 7+. (its just that most installers aren't very good in tuning, or that the time investment isn't worth the energy saving to hire a professional to do it)
2:38 I was so disappointed as a kid when I found out that we use nuclear power to boil water to vapor in order to get electricity and not get it directly from a nuclear reaction :)
assuming you are no longer a kid, i hope you understand the issues of direct conversion - especially transmission. you may be disappointed again to learn that fusion energy (which is still 30 years away - it always is) is expected to be used to boil water and spin turbines - the good old Rankine cycle - which is at best 40% efficient - so 60% of the heat goes into the environment. solar PVs address these issues best right now
No, you werent bro. Like we do use nuclear power directly from a reaction...its just that that power is limited by materials from heat exchange. RTGs have been used for powering lighthouses, satellites, and even pacemakers for decades now...but they just cant power a city. Its not feasible
I remember a diode refrigerator I got out of an rv that was left. It had a plug that was reversible, and would keep things warm. It ran on 12v but had an adapter that did 120v... it definitely would get cold, and zero noise.
Like ... the plane? That did in fact change everything? ... or like the satellite? That did in fact change everything? ... or like a drone? That did in fact change everything? ... or like ....
I think combining this tech with solar/or even wind mechanical could work in the long-run to make this tech a true net-zero tech, and zero co2 footprint. However, I don't see this really hitting true commercial viability for at least another 5-10 years at least, unless some major breakthrough in material resilience is discovered.
Far more likely, practical and decent path solution of any "but bad dangerous chemicals of refrigeration" is "Just use CO2. Yeah pressure is higher, but we century ago figured out high pressure fluid equipment. Just matter of cost and scale". It won't catch fire. It isn't more environmentally toxic than us breathing out and usage hazard and danger situations are utter immersion situation of any "not enough oxygen in air to breathe" situation. Heck we straight out have internal alert system for "too much CO2, get out". That is the "I can't breathe" feeling. CO2 refrigerator leaks it's refrigerants out? Immediate mitigation.... open windows and doors to air out the place so there is enough oxygen around to breathe.
@@aritakalo8011 Yep, Europe is beating US on adoption. With the new administration coming in though, it's just gonna make adoption slower. Some companies will proceed anyhow. I've worked on a few cascade style racks that don't use CO2 directly; they use conventional refrigerants to cool the CO2 and pipe that down to the cases. There are full transcritical systems out there that use CO2 as the sole refrigerant. One concern I have for those is triple point, you're gonna have to train techs on how to deal with these new systems to prevent damage from CO2 turning into dry ice.
@clintelawson doesn't really happen especially not nearly as often as total failure of coal and oil based counterpart not to mention their impact on the green house effect is far greater than total nuclear energization would be
Nitinol has been around since the '60s, and I see no evidence that this is suddenly ready to commercialize on a wide scale. Matt, it feels like in the past year you are getting further and further away from the basics of Undecided: deciding whether a technology is ready to go or just aspirational hype.
Did you even watch the Video? He literally shows a little clip and says, that the first only dedicated Conference about this topic was last year. So yes, there is a big difference to the '60s...
@@pizzamannmann5239 exactly. this technology has been around for 60 years, and the first conference about the current iteration of this longstanding tech was just last year. So there's nothing to be decided on about it yet... thank you for backing up my point.
An air to water heat pump keeps all four phases of the vapor cycle in the outside box and use water to take the heat into or out of the house. Since the refrigerant never comes inside, propane, which is a more efficient refrigerant than fluorocarbons, can be used as the refrigerant without worry about potential leaks inside leading to a fire or explosion. And if there is a propane leak in the outside unit it has less impact since propane has a far lower global warming potential than fluorocarbons and zero ozone depleting potential. Plus propane is very inexpensive relative to fluorocarbons.
I’m definitely 100% interested in this, but as an hvac/r technician, I have to ask, we already have several low GWP refrigerants, 1 of which is used throughout the world save the the US likely due to corruption and greed, because it’s been fear mongered about its A3 status, R290, so why wouldn’t we just get over our nonsense and switch to an A3 refrigerant?
As an engineer, I always look to phase change as the best way to move heat. I did not realize nitinol and rubber had phase changes in solid form. I have experienced both, but didn't realize that was phase change. I also experienced the heating, but did not notice the cooling. Good things to learn. However it isn't going to be more efficient than other refrigerants unless we can get two phase changes, like ice to water to steam is two changes. If a memory material could have two sequential phase changes in solid state, THEN we might be able to gain on the efficiency of a gas. As for eliminating chloroflourocarbons, that has already been done, many non-cfc gases could be used. And we have unexploited technologies, such as using molten tin to store heat for warming the house in winter.... Sand batteries, for example, are a waste of space and closer to 2% efficiency without a phase change.
I would love it if you did an episode on the bass-cannon fire extinguisher! It's been under the radar for almost 10 years now and if there is still work being put into it then it's been under tight-knit wraps. And I think you could help bring attention to such revolutionary technology as well as possibly being to light the progress made on it!
Both Elastochloric and magnetochloric effects Stresses a material in a way that restricts the degree of atomic vibration freedom. The next part is important we might say there are three degrees of possible motion, (x,y,z). If we restric atomic motions in the z direction, a given amount of energy now vibrates more in x and y. In other words, its thermal capacity is reduced, thus a given amount of energy already in the substance makes it hotter when the degrees of freedom of motion is restricted, and the new hotter temperature substance may release its heat to its surroundings.
When I see things like this I feel like: Now we know how the A/C system works on the starship Enterprise. Big ideas have small beginnings. As usual, awesome work.
The presenter and subject matter aside, I am compelled to highly compliment the designer of Undecided’s logo’s. For whatever my lone opinion is worth, (and in my near eight years) it is the most intuitive logo I have ever seen.
I live in the mountains and I bought heat pumps for each room all powered by solar. I’m definitely interested in heating and cooling with solid-state. It’s another piece of the puzzle to sustainability
Hello Matt. I am working 8 years in a project of my own. A 6 stage reactor for energy conversion. I think a combination of my reactor with a gravitational battery, in a farm of them could keep a fusion reactor autonomously and independently. I do not need wind, sunlight or even fuel. Could we please get in touch to discuss about it please?
You can do phase change heat transfer with water, it's just not efficient at the temperatures and pressures we want to run fridges and a/c units. Water does work well at higher temperatures and pressures, like in the heat recycling systems of some power plants. It also needs to be EXTREMELY pure. I know of one naval nuclear reactor technician who commented that 1 part per million of contaminants in the water loop was 2 parts too many.
@@johns5504 Steam turbines is the most common way of converting heat to motion, so we did not really move away from steam engines, they are just not pistons anymore.
Would you be interested in an elastocaloric fridge or air conditioner? Use code 50UNDECIDED to get 50% OFF plus free shipping on your first Factor box at bit.ly/3BRkS87!
If you liked this, check out Why The US Military Chose Silicon-Graphene Batteries ua-cam.com/video/l60hjFvj64s/v-deo.html
much love as always to Matt, the family and the team!
Matt you say nothing can liberate us but Dipole Electron Flood Theory just might create free portable clean safe electricity in a lunchbox. The Theory....
We used light and created sterile muons and electron showers.
Anatomy of the Proton.
Dipole Electron Flood Theory is a new Atomic model that changes the nucleus from a completely positive into a dipole made of tiny dipoles called Dirac Neutrinos instead of a large positive-only core. Protons and Neutrons are made of dipoles in certain stable quantities that we now call atoms in various sizes.
There are other refrigerants that can be used besides CFCs. CO2, nitrogen, helium, air, hydrogen, natural gas etc .
Matt may I ask why my comment about Dipole Electron Flood Theory was removed?
Dipole Electron Flood theory states the proton is made of about 1839 Dipoles and Neutrons about 1840....If Electrons are dipoles (and I prove they are experimentally) it changes everything. Can we talk?
Heating and cooling with elastomerics seems like a bit of a stretch.
best comment 🙌🏼
i see what you did there 😆
Heyoooo!
Ow, I think I pulled a mental muscle reading that.
LMAO !
Small comment from someone who did research in elastocalorics on NiTi alloys: martensite doesnt turn to austenite under stress. Martensite is a twinned configuration in NiTi, and deforming it, de-twins it. The detwinned martensite is turning to austenite when heated up and back to twinned martensite when cooling down without mechanical load.
Also superelasticity with NiTi refers to an austenitic alloy turning directly into detwinned martensite under mechanical load and back to its original shape (which is saved in the auatenitic state) when taking away the stress. This way, up to 8 or 10% of seemingly elastic deformation is possible. In comparison, steel can only exhibit around 0.1% elastic deformation.
Happy to explain more or answer other questions.
Regards from Germany ✌️
How many cycles of 8% deformation can it withstand?
@@circuitdotlt fatigue is a gradual phenomenon, so full 8% maybe a few to a dozen cycles... Highly depends on microstructure and purity of the alloy
@@McReinsenHi! I'm doing my PhD on improving fatigue life of elastocaloric alloys (copper based ones)
NiTi alloys can go up to 100 000 cycles even 1million in a recent study but the stress is lower for an elastocaloric application.
My alloy CuZnAl last 10 000cycles for now and the target for an industrial applications in about 10 million cycles so there's work to do but we're on the good way
Out of curiousity why are we not seeing more interest in it for artificial muscle?
It feels like a natural substitute for artificial limbs... Is it a longevity, cost or sone other factor?
@@McReinsen Excellent comment!
Having worked with nitinol, I had to learn the fatigue properties. With constant amplitude deformation, it is considered to have infinite life. It's supposed to be better than Ti64, which we actually tested one time to 40 billion cycles @ 300 MPa before we got sick of testing and started cutting grooves in the sample to force it to fail.
It really was a fun trick to hold a thick wire or small bar of nitinol to your lower lip and bend/unbend it. The change in temperature is pretty shocking. As a cheap alternative, you can do the same with a fat rubber band, stretching/unstretching it. Because you can stretch it more, you also get a dramatic change in temperature.
and how much do you think one would need to cool down a house?
@@roboticdem0n it comes down to latent heat which is the amount of cooling energy that can be harnessed from one mechanical cycle. Binary NiTi alloys can get up to 20-30 Joules of energy per gram of material, but this is for full transformation of the material without considering fatigue and therefore lifetime. Improved alloys with more alloying elements can be more stable while providing an optimized energy conversion. It's still a basic research topic, so hard to say what an actual functioning machine might look like and how it would perform. I've personally seen COP of around 14-18 in full transformation (thermal energy harnessed divided by mechanical energy spent). I'm guessing COP of around 5-10 could be realistic, which is 2-3x than what can be achieved with a gas compression cycle. So 2-3x more efficient and therefore cheaper.
"...before we got sick of testing and started cutting grooves in the sample to force it to fail" - how many licks does it take?
@@McReinsen yea but how big would it need to be to cool lets say a house of 240m² or 2600ft²
because a "brick" the size of a car on the side of your house is not practical
@@McReinsen isn't the main issue moving it from where you want to be cool to where you want to be warm? Liquids are easy, but moving something solid is more of a challenge I can imagine.
Me going into the video: I can't wait to see how it isn't viable in the last 4 minutes
@@DerekSmort Everytime 😂
There is no shortage of channels with the same format. Amazing new technology going to change the world, except for the fact that …….. which makes it impossibly expensive or the key aspect of the idea is 20 years out.
Two bit divinci is the same way.
I love it when they try and one up it against tech that is also itself overhyped as well
I came for the same thing, this channel is doomed
@@DerekSmort I knew it wasn't viable before I even started watching.
I remember as a kid noticing that rubber bands got hot when you stretch them and cold when they relax. I saw a crazy project someone built that put masses of rubber bands on a rotating rack that constantly stretched and released them while blowing air across them. It did manage to cool & heat air but wasn't what you'd call efficient.
Modern kitchen appliances in general are horrible.
That was Ben from Applied Science who made the rubber band fridge. It was pretty cool.
You can also simply take a thick-ish rubber band and stretch it, hold it against your skin and you can feel the heat. Keep it stretched and blow room temperature air against the rubber band for a minute and then suddenly release the tension - hold again against your skin and the rubber band feels ice cold.
@@integerofdoom69 what are you comparing when you say modern kitchen appliances are horrible?
Unless rubber bands have the same property as these elastometrics- that they cool down further when de-stressed than they heat up when under stress- then they’re not only inefficient, they’re not really doing any cooling at all. The big rubber band machine would just be cooling by 5 degrees and then heating by 5 degrees, and then cooling by 5 degrees and then heating by 5 degrees….
I was watching one of those UA-cam channels where a couple is building their dream home and I ran across a technology I hadn't seen before. It's just another take on solar heating, but it seems more advanced. They use evacuated glass tubes. Basically, it's like setting a clear thermos in the sun, or having a well insulated greenhouse. I hadn't seen them before so if you covered them I missed it (or my brain just has too many things in it and is starting to leak). The couple had a big enough array that they needed a pool to dump waste heat into to keep them from overheating when they weren't needed.
A while back I saw that they are starting to get aerogels that are clear enough and that don't degrade in sunlight, to start insulating between window panes. There is at least one commercial company selling them. That, if they don't discolor and are as durable as they claim, could be a holy grail for construction, making windows as thermally tight as walls.
I've seen a couple other small techs... there is a type of manufactured board... super simple, where two 2x4s are put at right angles and connected with dowels. This limits the thermal bridging to just the dowel spots. You put insulation in between them. They don't require any special construction techniques. Someone used to using 2x4s can switch to using them no problem. Not worth an episode on their own, but maybe an episode where you covered a bunch of the less glamorous, lower cost, smaller breakthroughs?
Evacuated tube solar thermal collectors have been around for decades and are a significant part of the market in some countries.
Could you please explain why aerogel insulates better than standard air?
@@flowgangsemaudamartoz7062 it has very little convection
@@nickwinn7812 I’ve got a pair of panels on top of my greenhouse that were scavenged from a 1980s/1990s project for heating water for cleaning locomotives and railcars. There are a few variations on a theme with the tube arrays, from the basic glycol or water circulating directly inside the tube, with a copper pipe pushing the fluid to the bottom of the tube and it’s extracted out the top, to versions that have a sealed phase-change material inside the tube to move the heat around.
Which brings me to another product I saw being pitched for mid to low latitudes where you have a high temperature delta from day to night… insulation/thermal mass pouches with a phase-change gell in them that absorbs the temperature variance and aims to keep balanced temperatures inside the dwelling, which I found very interesting. I suspect something like that would not perform very well in places where it gets in negative temperatures and stays there, but as a retrofit to wooden or steel skinned structures in teh desert it might have potential for passive heating/cooling cycles.
I agree with your opening opinion of, basically, there is no one silver bullet. I realize just because one resolution may not be ideal for my circumstances/location, doesn’t mean it is a waste. If we are to meet the ever growing demand for energy, we need to embrace the idea we will need multiple sources and different ways to best use the energy for the given application.
once 8 years ago saw a youtuber built a small hand crank rubber band refrigerator for cooling I have wondered about this kind of thing ever since then.
Applied Science?
I'm pretty sure this exact video is why he mentioned "natural rubber"
@Mariano.Bernacki yes, that was the first video I ever watched on UA-cam!
The _Applied Science_ video is called "A refrigerator that works by stretching rubber bands"
And what about Fatigue? How many circles will it last before breaking up? Will it last for 25 years?
@@V.D. That was what I was wondering... And thereafter - How easy is it to recycle or reuse?
mmmm microplastics generator
@@Sismodium Hard to guess at fatigue life but nearly all other metals simply heated to liquid state and allowed to reform their crystalline structure will renew any depleted elasticity. So should be straightforward to recycle.
no they will fail
@jameshisself7375 doesn't matter end consumers and distributors would never accept the kinds of failure rates we'd be talking about
Congratulations for the development of your channel. I am watching it since few years I think and I see you’ve made tremendous progress. It’s very professional, informative and interesting at the same time. Very nice
I assume it's for the algorithm, but does every title have to be "How [x] will change/revolutionize *every*thing"? Can't it be a less sensational, more descriptive title?
@@hossboss85 yeah but then your click through rate drops %15. Blame the dummies that won’t click without a ridiculous title lol
@@ArtyMars Fair enough. I clicked through anyway this time, but I'm less likely to in the future. The same happened to SilverCymbal and his sensational titles--I stopped watching his videos--but I'm in the minority and won't move the engagement needle. Let the sensational titles continue. "This one easy trick will change your life!"
@@ArtyMars are they dummies if they don't want to hear about some pie in the sky "innovation" that ends up leading to nothing? Rather use those 5 minutes to actually do something productive.
"Cause its my job so i have to follow the crowd and maximise my money"
unfortunately not, he has internet bills to pay he can't make these videos from the street.
A moment of appreciation that Matt's video content actually SHOWS the stuff and the people he's talking about. Thanks for NOT using stock footage.
Lol
Thank you Matt. A really cool take on a really hot topic.
I have seen you have been talking about something similar with a piece of knowledge I learnt in my time and never heard people talking about it ! The carbon steel chart ! I use to study it with my old man when I was young , fascinating the entire process and theory , best of luck mate 👍💖👨🏭
The channel Applied Science actually built an elastic band refrigerator that I believe uses this effect.
It didnt do much in the way of cooling, but it does a good job of showing the principles.
Thanks, will check it out.
Thanks, will check it out.
If size of equipment is an issue then we need to start thinking a whole house vrf system that cools your fridge, heats your water, heat and cools your air, etc.
Without knowing more about the specifics of the options, that 'really small" space that includes 'a can or bottle of a softdrink' really isn't necessarily a negative. There is a fairly huge need in the medical community for small refrigerators that have about that much space in them. Think insulin pens for diabetics, and other medicine that should be refrigerated for best results, yet you may want close at hand in the bedroom or at the office. An option for that is Peltier coolers, but after watching the Technology Connections episode on those, and keeping in mind the fairly high power requirements for them, I'm not sure that's a useful solution. Among their problems includes the fact that they really only provide about a 40F, or 21c temperature difference across the peltier chip, which means that if the outside temp of the refrigerator is over 100F to begin with, you're only "cooling" the contents to 60 F, which may not be sufficient. You might be able to do better by adding a second cooling stage, but that adds complexity, which may not be a good thing.
The problem I see with the elastocaloric refrigerator would be that it may not require a fluid to transfer, but I'd be concerned about the noise involved. That is going to depend on how the system 'works' for doing the heat transfer through the material, but so0 far I don't see enough information. Perhaps my concerns are for naught, but when I think of something that does thermal transfer through changing the shape of a material, I have to imagine that there are going to be mechanical noises involved. More so if you have to move fluids around as well. Then again, this is one of the first times I've even heard of the concept. IDK.
Metal fatigue is a deal breaker in many applications. A refrigerator built in 1970 will still be working just fine because refrigerants do not fatigue. The thing will weigh more than you can imagine and the original natural rubber gasket will be dry or rotten but it will still be working just fine. Of course they realized they lasted too long.
I hear you, but that same refrigerator has plenty of moving parts that did not fatigue.
Parts fail commonly bcause they are engineered for minimum cost with a minimum life.
60 years ago people built virtual-tanks out of everything because profit was so dominating.
I had the same thought. Just stretch a rubber band and you know it changes temperature, but try doing it 1000 times.
I could imagine having small panels that you can replace after failure and vary their workload to spread out the failure rate, so in 10 years when the refrigeration has deteriorated, you can replace the first broken panel, and then it would be a regular maintenance activity after that.
But yeah, definitely an issue.
Lmao because refrigerators don’t use metal components that also fail…. And you don’t even know the fatigue of nitinol and there’s people ITT saying how crazy long it lasts.
Why speak out your you know what just to feel good being g a Debbie downer?
Such a bad attitude.
Lmao because refrigerators don’t use metal components that also fail…. And you don’t even know the fatigue of nitinol and there’s people ITT saying how crazy long it lasts.
Why speak out your you know what just to feel good being g a Debbie downer?
Such a bad attitude.
This is just nostalgia BS. Yes capitalism dictates constant need for purchasing so product lifetimes are artificially low but you are just looking g at stuff with rose tinted glasses. Old refrigeration is horrible for the environment and terrible energy inefficient. There’s a host of other issues as well.
With the right kind of design with ceramics, you could create an oscillating micromotor with piezo-electric crystals providing the physical stresses and thermocouples providing an electromagnetic charge to pump into the crystals to release the stress, cooling down the material, and creating another charge when the temperature gets hot again; you can make a micro-heat-pump as a painted on layer on a microchip. Cool.
Thus creating a microchip with it's own integarted cooling system if a Nitinol structure was somehow added.
It would maybe not avoid the need for extra cooling, but it could reduce a lot of it and eventually reduce the energy consumption in data centres.
Haven't you seen Chain Reaction? The secret to unlocking the potential is a resonant frequency.
In the 1970's, I attended a physics seminar on Nitinol. The speaker told us that the word is an acronym for Nickel-Titanium-Naval Ordnance Lab.
4:18 you going over these shapes reminded me how important shapes are in chemistry, they literally determine the properties of the materials we work with.
The density of the systems seems to be the biggest obstacle. You can't have something bigger than your house to cool your house! The latent heat of refrigerants is really the secret sauce that allows evaporative systems to be so small. It doesn't seem like these devices will ever approach that.
Micro fridges are a perfect fit for this new tech. They are currently very inefficient since they are thermo electric.
Technology Connections recently did a video on these, and found that they kinda suck. Very buyer beware, actually.
@@SkepticalCaveman This assumes it's scalable to small sizes. I mean maybe, but not obvious.
@@grekiki And lets not forget ... cost! It does not matter how good your tech is, if the cost is even a few percentage higher then a industry established process, you tend to fail in gaining market share. People underestimate at how thin the margins are in some industries. A few percentage more expensive at the source, can be 50% or more, at the customer.
This is why so many other, better techs, simply never gotten commercialized (or not mass commercialized) because the market does not support it. I mean, look at basic EVs, ... Tesla did not invest them, EVs have existed for 100+ years. And even today, EVs are extreme heavy, and costly, compared to the same combusting engine tech. With range penalties ... Everybody is looking at the magic battery, and yet, same issue, there are better batteries but cost/weight/safety...
And then we have the smart approach like BYD does, with their 1100km cars, hybrid! ICE for power delivery, with the rest "EV". And that range is not fake... Sometimes you need to combine tech, to get the best advantage.
Maybe metal combined with airco technology is a better solution? Who knows but right now, its just another one of those "future" techs that we will probably never see in this talked about market (maybe in other markets, sure).
I remember when the tech for those mini fridges came out, it was supposed to be an epic game changer...... it wasnt
@@benjiro8793 There has to be some other qualities or improvement to the process to give some incentive for the customer. If those technologies are similar in performance with one being high priced,market will not respond for environmental reasonings. But if you add something in terms of performance or quality then market will respond despite being expensive.
Phase change material research has been one of the energy efficiency industry's holy grails for a fair amount of time (kind of like fusion research) - I have seen a number of periods of increased enthusiasm followed by an inevitable fade. If these newer? materials and their application are finally going to reach commercial viability in the foreseeable future that would be great.
I'd like to see this start to be introduced to improve current heat pump performance. Like how when it's too hot outside its hard for the heat pump to get rid of the heat and vice versa in the winter.
Could heat or cool the heat pump coil to improve that performance potentially
Since it's ultimately an electromechanical device, I would like to see a COP comparison for equal capacity between this and a Peltier based system. I think that would be a good illustration of efficiencies.
Thanks!
Thanks so much!
I've been adding heat pumps to my lesser used rooms for the last couple years. They have been the best option for my needs, but an elastomeric system where I don't have to worry about freezing my hands off when refrigerant is needed, win.
This technology dates back to the mid 1800’s. One can buy a mini fridge at any big box store with Piltier coolers. The technology is far from new and has basically all has the same issues energy consumption is way higher than traditional systems.
Looks like this "solid state" tech requires many more moving parts to make a complete working system than conventional refrigeration: need one mechanism to apply/relieve stress and something to alternately expose the working media to hot and cold sides, which likely means a set of pumps and valves.
If you don't want HFCs in refrigeration systems, use anything else. You can use almost anything non-toxic and non-corrosive that has a usable gas-liquid transition on its phase diagram. We have heat pumps that use propane, butane, CO2, NH4, etc. as the working fluid. HFCs dominate only because they are generally non-flammable, non-toxic and their larger molecules have conveniently low operating pressures that enable the use of light-weight (cheap) components.
New refrigerants also bring profits to chemical companies. At this point, we might as well just switch to propane, since the new refrigerants being introduced seem to be flammable.
These are heat pumps that simply use a different phase transition than the vaporization of other heat pumps.
They probably use complicated and versatile mechanisms in this research phase while working out properties. But if it pans out I'd bet some pretty simple mechanism could be devised.
For instance, a rotating wheel with nitinol spokes could have flows past either top or bottom spokes to cool or heat. That might work to heat and cool a vehicle. Someone with expertise thinking about it for more than two minutes can likely find better solutions than mine.
@@alans1816 A simple wheel doesn't have a strain application and removal function. The simplest way I can think of is an eccentric hub and rim arrangement. You'd also need some sort of seal to prevent the cold side from mixing with the hot side where the spokes transit between sides, otherwise you are going to have massive issues with pressure differentials causing huge leaks between sides.
With a conventional refrigeration system, the cold and hot sides are completely isolated from each other by radiators and refrigerant, no worries about air or liquid from one side contaminating the other. If you want to prevent cross-contamination with semi-solid state tech, you likely need intermediate heat exchange steps to isolate the heat pump media from both sides: you don't want your intermediate media (ex.: 50% ethylene glycol) to get contaminated nor leak/evaporate to environment on either side and require potentially frequent periodic maintenance to clean or at least top-up.
A bare-element semi-solid heat pump seems like it would only have potential in applications where you want to move heat between domains where cross-contamination is a non-issue. One possible such application would be fine-tuning air delivery temperature on a per-outlet basis in HVAC systems: calculate how much heat/cooling needs to be delivered overall, set bulk air to the average, then let individual heat pumps take/remove whatever heat they need from pass-through to achieve their intended outlet temperature. The air on both sides of the pumps is the same, only difference is temperature.
@@teardowndan5364 A spoked wheel bearing weight has the top spokes loaded (stretched) and the bottom spokes unloaded.
@@alans1816 And exactly what weight a spoked wheel in a heat pump would bear? None. The eccentric load needs to be generated somehow. An eccentric hub and rim riding on bearings rigidly mounted to the housing with whatever offset is appropriate for the spoke length used keeps everything in perfectly constant relative positions. Manufacturing wise, you can simply thread the spokes from the "compressed" side where they require the least tension to set.
If you use spring-loaded or pneumatic idler wheels to apply force on a regular spoked wheel instead of an offset hub, you now have to deal with a rim suspended on springs (spokes and spring/pneumatic idlers) that no longer guarantee relative position of anything to anything, complicating rim and spoke sealing while making the whole thing more sensitive to any imbalances.
the implications for RV and Skokie conversions is awesome. Beats the heck our of adding a mini split AC to my bus
CO2 is replacing HFCs especially in large refrigerators. CO2 taken from the atmosphere. 'the real key for cooling and heating of homes is passive home construction, maybe low cost aerogels in the future.
I ordered next weeks meals with factor and got free shipping! I can’t wait to try them out. Cooking and cleaning has been a hassle sense I’ve moved into a small apartment. Thanks for the discount!
Video starts at 4:04
Thank you, god damn these channels are getting ridiculous
Loop a thick wire a few times, put a hefty 10 ohm to 100 ohm resistor in series, plug it into your outlet.
Am I the only one confused about how you are meant to efficiently remove heat from the elastomer? Your cooler needs to turn into a radiator once per cycle, that means that you need to somehow switch whatever you are cooling with whatever medium you are dumping heat into constantly. I really don't see a use for this over traditional refrigerant based heat pumps outside of very niche applications.
You're not the only one. Short of physically moving the elastomer from one medium to another the only thing I can think of would be something like dual peltier elements but that's going to consume way more energy. How you could physically move the wires between refrigerents without having a nightmare of leaking valves I don't know. I'm glad smarter minds than mine are working on it!
I presume they will have heat transfer fluids, such as water or air circulating over the NiTi as it cools, and the water will cycle to each NiTi element for each cooling stress cycle. They can t be moving the solid into and out of the room for each stress / heat cycle.
Some designs I've observed use a pulley system that draws the elastic material through a loop; the pulleys spin at different speeds, arranged in such a way that the material stretches in some parts of the loop and relaxes in others.
@@PixlRainbow i could imagine how loud such a system might be.
This is exactly the major problem of solid state caloric cooling and heating devices. All their promises fail when they get to this problem. Most researchers talk about their expected efficiency leaving this problem aside (good to get funding). This is why the efforts in different room temperature caloric cooling systems never reached the market so far.
James Webb Space Telescope has solid state cooling, if I am not wrong! The sensor needs to be cooled and they use solid state cooling to dissipate the heat because they can't have vibration from a traditional system. So, the tech is already there, it has to be made more economical.
Can't wait for the next 17 videos from Technology Connections on latent heat
Those are way better than this clickbaiter.
@ yes that’s why I said it
Muchas gracias por compartir tu conocimiento ❤️ saludos desde Colombia
Hi ! I am from Germany !
We have a meterial , witch is a combination of two metals.
"Be-metal" ! It has one part bending by heat . The other part is not easy to bend with the same amount of heat.
I think they use them as a safty in specific Products.
Disconnecting the energy flow ! ?
I am a layman ! Witch is a person with not much knowledge in a lot of aspecs.
I was thinking . Combining this cooling material with a Be-metal .
This would make it a three-metal !
Heat makes the three metal bend.
The cooling effect should be way faster with the be-metal.
By the way.
Superconductors or flowting could be the next stepp with a faster cooling option.
This could change the way of flying a drone in future.
Stay healthy !
@@perobaotic8098 it's called bi-metall, because it's made of two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients
well in cultures in the ecuator line we have lots of solid state cooling, like the ancient wind towers of the middle east or the Dome houses in all desert places, Middle East, Africa, Mexico, etc.
Solid-state cooling is VASTLY INEFFICIENT, not to mention non-scalable. Regular heat pumps have been getting better and better for over 100 years. They work just fine.
@UndecidedMF40 WTF are you talking about???
You've got to understand the physics of the heat problem, and that is you can’t change heat indefinitely, instead it needs to be moved. Passive heat transfers are being explored for how to deal with the heat produced in a fission reactor when backup electrical power is disrupted.
Both titanium and nickel are expensive metals. These will not be cheap systems because of the sheer amounts of these metals involved.
Meanwhile, propane works great in a vapor compression system, and its only downside is being flammable.
I'm thinking the propane heat pump is OK for hydronic systems but i really dont want flamable gas in my home. I wonder if CO2 heat pumps aren't the next big adoption. Yeah 1500 psi is a lot and a could cut off your finger but all things considered it seems safer than anything we use today.
@geekinstein Many people have had gas lines feeding into their homes for a long time. Practically speaking, I consider it a non-issue though very occasionally someone somewhere will have issues. Driving in a car is more dangerous tbh.
This video about elastocalorics is one of the best explanatory videos I have seen so far. We are extremely pleased that mateligent and iMSL were able to contribute video material. If you’re interested in diving deeper into the technology, patents, state of the art, and industrialization, we look forward to hearing from you.
I can also see some potential in getting water out of air from condensation.
100$ for 1L of water, ok?
I think this phenomenon is used in the elastic band refrigerator that the channel Applied Science actually constructed. Although it didn't cool much, it does a nice job of illustrating the concepts.
Video starts at 6:00
Thanks. I gave up 5 minutes in. Not watching the rest now out of spite :D
Legend
Bicycle wheels with that wire as spokes on a modified cam shaft with fans between each wheel.
Fans spin fixed with the cam while the eccentric center bearings flex and relax the wire.
Calling it solid state seems like a little bit of a stretch
@CGrantL it depends on how rigid or flexible the definition of "solid" is.
@@m1kem477hewz This reminds me of the people referring to people harnessing the wind over pizeoelectric surfaces generating electricity.
I honestly don't care if the parts move or not - but if there is a moving part, it's eventually going to break and that needs to become part of the maintenance and cost of operation equations.
Aaah-ha, "stretch", I see what you did there.
You must know that there is no relationship between what you call “moving parts” and breakage. This is something that happens in any device and in any system, even with electronics and electricity. I have a hair dryer that after a while it no longer heated the air. When we opened it, we found that the wire ( resistive wire ) that runs through it had broken, The heating wire was cut off (broken). One time, my internet router was not working even though the subscription had not expired yet. We noticed that it was covered in dust. When we cleaned it well, it came back to work again (now if it had “moving parts,” they would have said that the reason was “moving parts" This is ridiculous). I will give you another example, I found the refrigerator protection device one day not working well. When I opened it, the circuits had some rust and some of the capacitors were also broken. It is naive to link certain matters to a specific system and limit them to it, as this can happen with all systems. When electrons (electricity) pass through something, they gradually consume it, like the heating elements in the example I mentioned. This also happens with capacitors, where the dielectric collapses. Another thing is that the term “solid state” itself is wrong or exaggerated, because even the things they claim to be “solid state” are not that !!
"solid state" (Although it is a wrong term) not related to electronics and it is not limited to electronics.
Thank you, Matt! I was not aware of this technology at all.
Hey man, there is no way our digestive system is LESS ADVANCED than ANY human invention.
Just for clarification, hysteresis does NOT automatically mean that there is a difference. Hysteresis is a metrology calculation wherein you compare measured values as they increase and then decrease to a certain nominal value.
It is possible and indeed ideal for the hysteresis calculation to be zero, which of course would mean there is no temperature difference.
Man talked about the "calories"', "eating", and "meat and potatoes" then _didn't_ immediately follow it with the sponsorship about _food_ , instead lodging it in awhile later
Let me be clear cop is dependent on temperature difference. But at normal conditions vapor cooling is nearly as good as it can be thermodynamically if any further you hit a wall it is very unlikely that you can get more efficient in cooling then perfect heat pump. But if they do then they break multiple thermodynamics laws all at once. This would allow to extract energy from movement of molecules.
@ scam someone else
Impressive amount of wire puns today, keep up the good work 👍
In the 80's we used LN2 to cool SiLi detectors in the analytical tools attached to electron microscopes where they tried Peltier Thermoelectric cooling to reduce LN2 waste but most people just stuck with refilling the LN2 Dewar's every few days.
1:55 1 liter of water, not 1 gram
One calorie is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 cm^3 (1 gram, 1 milliliters) of water 1 degree Celsius. One Kcal also called a Calorie is the energy required for 1000cm^3 (1kg or 1 liter) to rise 1 degree C*. Human food is described in Kcals (Calories) not calories.
Here's an idea: I live in Phx, AZ, and recently sold a house that was located in a desert area. The city water mains were buried in the alley between two blocks of homes. There's hardly no grass nor anything that gets water, so the dirt gets pretty damn hot in the summer. As a result, the "cold" tap water is around 105-110 F. I would literally shut off my hot water heater from late May thru September. I've been trying for years to figure out a way to efficiently cool 10-15 gallons of water by 20-30 degrees so I could take a cool(er) shower or have some cool water to use that's closer to 80 than 110. The best idea I came up with is around 200' of 1/2" irrigation pipe arranged in a zig-zag or maybe coiled shape with space between that would facilitate ambient air cooling, since the inside temps are kept in the 80's during the summer.
A 10-20 gal water cooler that was similar in shape to a normal water heater would be perfect. It might be the size of a 40-50 gal heater, but if it could efficiently cool water down 25-30 degrees over a few hours time, that would be perfect. A lot of homes in Phoenix and other desert environments have this problem, and it's getting worse as people replace their lawns with xeriscaping, so the ground gets hotter.
Any time someone describes something as the "something something of the future", I immediately know that it's bullshit.
Very interesting tech. From a negligible heat absorption observation to practical product development. From 3.5 watts to 200 watts! Exciting.
Nickel and Titanium alloy? ouch that's going to be an expensive cooling system.
Yep, around 150/kg. normal low carbon steel is .93/kg (actually 850/ton but scaled to the same units). Plain A572 construction beam steel is even cheaper than that.
6:25-6:35 a good example, Stretching rubber bands really fast and they get hot. Then they cool down and then you can let them rest before stretching/heating them up again!
I'm doing my PhD on this exact subject, I'm very surprised that you know this subject (nobody ever heard of it)
First time I ever heard of it, too. I wish you well on your PhD journey.
When can it be used to cool gaming PCs? 😂
Hey so is metal fatigue a problem? Is my nitenol fridge going to break down every other month?
@@kamrulhussein5811 is still nothing invented better than Heat pipes for cooling
@@32BitJunkie I have this same worry. But then I thought of car suspension: the coil is compressed/decompressed constantly - and (under normal conditions) VERY rarely fail. We use torsion bars too - and they don't fail under normal conditions either.
I think what kicked off our "fatigue fear" is that we are used to iron/steel: it can bend, but VERY little. This kind of materials used here can bend a LOT more than what we are used to.
The reciprocal movement of mass to move the heat will not be better than typical vapor compression
Modern commercial air source heat pumps can hit a CoP of 5. Over 4 is entirely reasonable for a real world SCoP.
This is really interesting. One of the big problems structures in space have to deal with - space stations, capsules, etc - is how to shed heat since space is so empty. Massive radiators are necessary to keep artificial space environments from becoming too hot, like what's found in the various thermal control systems on the ISS. Solid State Cooling described here seems like it would be less prone to mechanical failure, and might eventually be more efficient in a space environment.
Thanks for this video! I'll be very interested to watch the technology develop.
Honestly, with extremely careful tweaking, a compressor based ground-water-sourced heater can reach full-system COPs of 7+.
(its just that most installers aren't very good in tuning, or that the time investment isn't worth the energy saving to hire a professional to do it)
4:37 Correction: water does not release heat when melting. It needs heat, hence consumes heat to melt ice…
2:38 I was so disappointed as a kid when I found out that we use nuclear power to boil water to vapor in order to get electricity and not get it directly from a nuclear reaction :)
LOL yeah it's literally just trading coal for nuclear rods. I was disappointed too.
There are beta emitters as Nuclear sources, but they aren't as efficient as we would need for direct transmission.
The reall dissapointing part about Coal vs Nuclear is learning that Coal Power Plant causes more radioactive pollution in enviorment than Nuclear.
HOW
assuming you are no longer a kid, i hope you understand the issues of direct conversion - especially transmission.
you may be disappointed again to learn that fusion energy (which is still 30 years away - it always is) is expected to be used to boil water and spin turbines - the good old Rankine cycle - which is at best 40% efficient - so 60% of the heat goes into the environment.
solar PVs address these issues best right now
No, you werent bro. Like we do use nuclear power directly from a reaction...its just that that power is limited by materials from heat exchange. RTGs have been used for powering lighthouses, satellites, and even pacemakers for decades now...but they just cant power a city. Its not feasible
I remember a diode refrigerator I got out of an rv that was left. It had a plug that was reversible, and would keep things warm. It ran on 12v but had an adapter that did 120v... it definitely would get cold, and zero noise.
"________ COULD CHANGE EVERYTHING" JUST FLEW OVER MY HOUSE!
Like ... the plane? That did in fact change everything? ... or like the satellite? That did in fact change everything? ... or like a drone? That did in fact change everything? ... or like ....
You could change everything
I think combining this tech with solar/or even wind mechanical could work in the long-run to make this tech a true net-zero tech, and zero co2 footprint. However, I don't see this really hitting true commercial viability for at least another 5-10 years at least, unless some major breakthrough in material resilience is discovered.
Interesting !!! thx. for the info.
As a supermarket refrigeration technician, this is fascinating. Probably not gonna see it at a big scale in my life time, but still pretty cool.
Far more likely, practical and decent path solution of any "but bad dangerous chemicals of refrigeration" is "Just use CO2. Yeah pressure is higher, but we century ago figured out high pressure fluid equipment. Just matter of cost and scale". It won't catch fire. It isn't more environmentally toxic than us breathing out and usage hazard and danger situations are utter immersion situation of any "not enough oxygen in air to breathe" situation. Heck we straight out have internal alert system for "too much CO2, get out". That is the "I can't breathe" feeling. CO2 refrigerator leaks it's refrigerants out? Immediate mitigation.... open windows and doors to air out the place so there is enough oxygen around to breathe.
@@aritakalo8011 Yep, Europe is beating US on adoption. With the new administration coming in though, it's just gonna make adoption slower. Some companies will proceed anyhow.
I've worked on a few cascade style racks that don't use CO2 directly; they use conventional refrigerants to cool the CO2 and pipe that down to the cases. There are full transcritical systems out there that use CO2 as the sole refrigerant. One concern I have for those is triple point, you're gonna have to train techs on how to deal with these new systems to prevent damage from CO2 turning into dry ice.
0:50 Nuclear energy is already that savior 😮💨
@@itsjordo but when it melts down it destroys entire parts of the earth. Don’t say that doesn’t happen, it does and has and could in future.
If you plan to consume ourselves to extinction for no reason other than number go up
@clintelawson doesn't really happen especially not nearly as often as total failure of coal and oil based counterpart not to mention their impact on the green house effect is far greater than total nuclear energization would be
Just petition your town to sign up to store the nuclear waste so mine doesn’t have to, and I’ll be on board.
@@explorerofmind This is nonsensical.
Great video. Yes, I am interested in the development of this tech. I can see this working in many applications.
Nitinol has been around since the '60s, and I see no evidence that this is suddenly ready to commercialize on a wide scale. Matt, it feels like in the past year you are getting further and further away from the basics of Undecided: deciding whether a technology is ready to go or just aspirational hype.
Did you even watch the Video? He literally shows a little clip and says, that the first only dedicated Conference about this topic was last year. So yes, there is a big difference to the '60s...
@@pizzamannmann5239 exactly. this technology has been around for 60 years, and the first conference about the current iteration of this longstanding tech was just last year. So there's nothing to be decided on about it yet... thank you for backing up my point.
Oh boy, can't wait for Ben from Nighthawkinlight to figure out a great DIY cooling application using this!!!
So "alloy" has become a concept that is too difficult to comprehend and we are reduced to "metal mixtures" ? 🙄
@@PaulG.x yeah , who cares?
An air to water heat pump keeps all four phases of the vapor cycle in the outside box and use water to take the heat into or out of the house. Since the refrigerant never comes inside, propane, which is a more efficient refrigerant than fluorocarbons, can be used as the refrigerant without worry about potential leaks inside leading to a fire or explosion.
And if there is a propane leak in the outside unit it has less impact since propane has a far lower global warming potential than fluorocarbons and zero ozone depleting potential. Plus propane is very inexpensive relative to fluorocarbons.
Likewise for carbon dioxide, helium and air.
I’m definitely 100% interested in this, but as an hvac/r technician, I have to ask, we already have several low GWP refrigerants, 1 of which is used throughout the world save the the US likely due to corruption and greed, because it’s been fear mongered about its A3 status, R290, so why wouldn’t we just get over our nonsense and switch to an A3 refrigerant?
Thanks Matt, I always learn something new from you! Keep the good work! Cheers!
As an engineer, I always look to phase change as the best way to move heat. I did not realize nitinol and rubber had phase changes in solid form. I have experienced both, but didn't realize that was phase change. I also experienced the heating, but did not notice the cooling. Good things to learn. However it isn't going to be more efficient than other refrigerants unless we can get two phase changes, like ice to water to steam is two changes. If a memory material could have two sequential phase changes in solid state, THEN we might be able to gain on the efficiency of a gas.
As for eliminating chloroflourocarbons, that has already been done, many non-cfc gases could be used. And we have unexploited technologies, such as using molten tin to store heat for warming the house in winter.... Sand batteries, for example, are a waste of space and closer to 2% efficiency without a phase change.
I would love it if you did an episode on the bass-cannon fire extinguisher! It's been under the radar for almost 10 years now and if there is still work being put into it then it's been under tight-knit wraps. And I think you could help bring attention to such revolutionary technology as well as possibly being to light the progress made on it!
Bass cannon fire extinguishers? Hurling fish at flames?
Both Elastochloric and magnetochloric effects Stresses a material in a way that restricts the degree of atomic vibration freedom.
The next part is important we might say there are three degrees of possible motion, (x,y,z). If we restric atomic motions in the z direction, a given amount of energy now vibrates more in x and y. In other words, its thermal capacity is reduced, thus a given amount of energy already in the substance makes it hotter when the degrees of freedom of motion is restricted, and the new hotter temperature substance may release its heat to its surroundings.
amazing! , tnks !
There was a company in Shelton, Connecticut called Fridgetronics back in the 70s......I'm allied refrigeration
When I see things like this I feel like: Now we know how the A/C system works on the starship Enterprise. Big ideas have small beginnings. As usual, awesome work.
The presenter and subject matter aside, I am compelled to highly compliment the designer of Undecided’s logo’s. For whatever my lone opinion is worth, (and in my near eight years) it is the most intuitive logo I have ever seen.
*logos
Thanks for sharing your thoughts, ideas and videos. Very interesting subject. Wishing you and your family the best.
I live in the mountains and I bought heat pumps for each room all powered by solar. I’m definitely interested in heating and cooling with solid-state. It’s another piece of the puzzle to sustainability
Cool topic!
Very cool. Excited to see where this goes, and what the backyard guys get up to with it!
Hello Matt. I am working 8 years in a project of my own. A 6 stage reactor for energy conversion. I think a combination of my reactor with a gravitational battery, in a farm of them could keep a fusion reactor autonomously and independently. I do not need wind, sunlight or even fuel. Could we please get in touch to discuss about it please?
You can do phase change heat transfer with water, it's just not efficient at the temperatures and pressures we want to run fridges and a/c units. Water does work well at higher temperatures and pressures, like in the heat recycling systems of some power plants. It also needs to be EXTREMELY pure. I know of one naval nuclear reactor technician who commented that 1 part per million of contaminants in the water loop was 2 parts too many.
Yes, we moved away from steam engines
@@johns5504 Steam turbines is the most common way of converting heat to motion, so we did not really move away from steam engines, they are just not pistons anymore.
Second video from you that I saw in 2 days .. subscribed!
Very interesting topic. I would love to get an update in 2-3 years.