Dysphagia(Difficulty Swallowing),Treatment,Causes,Pathophysiology,Investigations,Types USMLE

Dysphagia(Difficulty Swallowing),Treatment,Causes,Pathophysiology,Investigations,Types USMLE
gastroenterology medicine.this video gives a deep insight on all relevant causes of dysphagia that are tested in USMLE PLAB exams.Evaluation of dysphagia difficulty swallowing regurgitation and all the relevant tests like barium swallow barium study and endoscopy are fully explained in this video.
"Dysphagia is the sensation of difficulty or abnormality of swallowing. It is due to a structural or a motility abnormality in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach. It ranges from an inability to initiate the swallowing reflex to food or liquid being stuck in the oesophagus. In contrast, odynophagia is pain with swallowing."OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA
Characterized with difficulty initating swallowing. Also associated with coughing, choking, or aspiration. Pathognomonic symptom is regurgitation. Will point at throat when asked where the food is stuck.
Oral causes of dysphagia generally involves mastication. Therefore cranial nerves trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve can cause oropharyngeal dysphagia. Low saliva (sjogren's Syndrome) may also lead to oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Pharyngeal causes of dysphagia maybe related to neuromuscular such as cerebrovascular accidents, myasthenia gravis and parkinsons.
Upperesophageal sphincter due to decrease relaxation.
Zenker's diverticulum can also cause dysphagia.
ESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA
Patient can initiate swallowing okay but there is difficulty after swallowing. Food feels like it is stuck in the substernal and need to rule out other causes of chest pain.
Solids and Liquids causing dysphagia are related to motor pathology. Intermittent causes of dysphagia include dysmotility. If progressive then dysphagia may be caused by achalasia and scleroderma. Remember scleroderma also has heartburn as achalasia doesn't.
Solids only dysphagia is caused primarily by obstruction. Non-progressive forms of dysphagia are caused by lower esophgeal rings and webs and esophagitis. Progressive can be caused by stricture (heartburn) or esophageal cancer (anorexia and weight loss).

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[@bilalakbar8627]

Psychogenic or Pseudodysphagia/Phagophobia is a rare swallowing condition that is not well
understood with no structural cause or organic disease. The most frequent
symptom seems to
be fear of swallowing or Choking.

[@MedNerdDrWaqasFazal]

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[@MedNerdDrWaqasFazal]

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Thank you daniyal! ❤️

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[@BeGood2All77]

Please could you do some nephrology topics like hyponatremia, hypernatremia. Acute and chronic renal failure.

[@Broccolisauced]

I have a question, what if the dysphagia is progressive from liquid and almost never solid (problem lies with liquid food, like water, and thickenup does not help. Do you have any study or information on such dysphagia? Thank you so much

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Thnkuu

[@KristenAdamek]

What about if you do okay with liquids but not solids?

[@onkarkulkarni4009]

Sir ,can you please tell me that which drug are most important For contraction in Pharyngeal during swallowing ?

[@DR_HARIS_KHAN]

MashAllah ❤️

[@MedNerdDrWaqasFazal]

❤️

[@tanmoychatterjee1392]

Sir kindly reply how how can i diagnos neurological dysphagia

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[@himabindu7020]

SIR, CAN YOU KINDLY MAKE A VIDEO ON ECG READING, and various causes of chest pain. Thank you Sir.

[@MedNerdDrWaqasFazal]

Will surely do at my earliest convenience. 😊

[@himabindu7020]

@@MedNerdDrWaqasFazal Thank You Sir

[@blessedslave]

13:43 weakest portion of the pharyngeal muscles just above the cricothyroid.

[@lennon1252]

Does dysphagia cause diminished taste?

[@akmtarifulislam7769]

my uncle do not speak clearly and did nlt take food properly is there any treatment sir

[@selvinimmanuvel999]

Is thyroid gland enlargement cause dysphagia??

[@user-rk8ux6jh1u]

sir, could you please mention the references

[@DrRafiKhan]

You didn't talk about tretment what medication should be given 😢

[@YourNextDoorNeighborA]

My issues are just with yogurt/smoothies.