How Computers Colonized the Environment - Summary of "The Computer Reaches Out" by Jonathan Grudin

Here I summarize a key paper for understanding the historical context of research and development in user experience (UX), user interface (UI), and human-computer interaction (HCI).
It's "The Computer Reaches Out," by Jonathan Grudin, presented at the CHI conference in 1990. In this paper, Grudin answers the question: Where did the field of user interface research and development come from, and where is it going? Basically, the human-computer interface is spreading out: from the hardware, to the software, and to higher and higher levels of abstraction.
Read the paper at: doi.org/10.114...