USMLE Step 1 - Lesson 47 - Vitamin D

Vitamin D3 is cholecalciferol and vitamin D2 is ergocalciferol. It helps the boy to absorb calcium and phosphate. Low levels stimulate bone mineralization, high levels stimulate bone resorption.
Parathyroid hormone is used to increase Calcium by increasing reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, while deceasing phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Vitamin D3 deficiency in children leads to rickets, and in adults: osteomalacia, bone pain and muscle weakness. Muscle spasms and cramps occur too.
In excess, hypercalcemia, hyperemia, stupor are all common.
Granulomatous disease commonly presents as excess calcium.
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