Human Vertebral column and Ribs: Anatomy and Physiology of Spine and Ribs

Welcome to my channel. In this video we will learn about Structure and Function of Vertebral column and Ribs.
Anatomy of the Vertebral Column:
The vertebral column, also known as the spine or backbone, is a crucial component of our axial skeleton. It extends from the base of our skull to the deep pelvis region and serves as the fundamental framework for our entire skeletal system. Additionally, the spinal cord is located within the center of the vertebral column, providing protection for this vital neural structure.
The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae, which are the individual bones that collectively form the vertebral column. Each individual bone in the vertebral column is referred to as a vertebra.
Now, let's examine the anatomy of the vertebral column.
The vertebral column is divided into five sections. The uppermost region is known as the cervical vertebrae, which comprises seven vertebrae numbered from C1 to C7. Following the cervical region, we have the thoracic vertebrae, which include 12 vertebrae numbered from T1 to T12. Next is the lumbar region, containing five vertebrae numbered from L1 to L5. As we move downward in the vertebral column, each vertebra becomes larger in size compared to the one above it.
The lumbar vertebrae in the lower back region are the largest and strongest in the vertebral column. This is because this region provides vital support to the entire body, and these vertebrae bear the weight from above.
Below the lumbar region, we find the sacral vertebrae in the pelvis region. There are five sacral vertebrae that have fused together, forming a single bone. These sacral vertebrae are situated between the hip bones.
Lastly, at the very bottom, we have the coccyx vertebrae, which are made up of four small fused vertebrae. The coccyx is often referred to as the "tailbone" in humans and is considered a vestigial organ, offering evidence of evolution.
In total, the vertebral column consists of 26 bones, formed by the fusion of 33 individual vertebrae.
Now, let's take a closer look at a single vertebra from a different perspective.
The cylindrical region of a vertebra is called the body, which provides strength and weight-bearing capacity to the vertebral column. Between each pair of adjacent vertebrae, there is a vertebral disc made of cartilage, which imparts some flexibility to the vertebral column and helps prevent injuries.
The outer region of the vertebral disc is known as the annulus and is made of fibrocartilage, a tough type of cartilage. In the center of the annulus lies the nucleus pulposus, which contains fluid. The vertebral discs allow the vertebral column to absorb shocks and provide a degree of movement.
On the exterior of the vertebral body, there is a hollow space called the vertebral foramen, housing the spinal cord.
Moreover, each vertebra exhibits protruding portions known as processes. The process that extends from the back and surrounds the spinal cord is called the spinal process. Ligaments and tendons attach to this process, connecting to the back muscles. On the sides of the spinal process are the transverse processes, where ribs and various muscles also attach.
Above and below each vertebra, there are small bony processes. The superior articular process is located on the upper side, while the inferior articular process is situated on the lower side. These processes aid in connecting one vertebra to another. When two vertebrae articulate, small holes are formed on both sides, allowing spinal nerves to exit. These holes are known as intervertebral foramina.
Anatomy of Human Ribs:
The human ribcage, consisting of the ribs and associated structures, plays a pivotal role in protecting vital organs and facilitating the process of respiration. In this discussion, we will explore the anatomy of human ribs in detail.
Rib Structure and Classification
Ribs are slender, curved bones that form the ribcage, which surrounds the chest cavity. There are a total of 12 pairs of ribs in the human body. They can be categorized into three main types: true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.
True Ribs (1st to 7th ribs): These ribs directly attach to the sternum (breastbone) via costal cartilage, making them the "true" ribs. They provide protection to the heart and lungs.
False Ribs (8th to 10th ribs): The false ribs do not attach directly to the sternum but connect to the rib above them through cartilage. They are also known as vertebrochondral ribs.
Floating Ribs (11th and 12th ribs): These ribs do not attach to the sternum or the rib above them. They are the shortest and have a "floating" appearance, connected only to the vertebral column.
#AnatomyOfRibs
#AnatomyOfVertebralColumn
#axialskeleton

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