Why Stirling Engines Can Also Serve As Energy Storage Systems
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- Опубліковано 28 тра 2024
- Covering the topics of Stirling Engines, New Energy Storage Systems, Renewable Energy, Azelio, Thermal Energy Storage, and more!
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Engines have powered our world since the Industrial Revolution: first, the dirty coal-powered steam engine, then the cleaner and more efficient gasoline engine, and more recently the jet engines which are used in airplanes. The basic concept of an engine - something that uses the difference between high and low temperatures - has not changed for several hundred years, although sometimes minor improvements can still be found that make the process slightly faster or more efficient.
One engine that you may have heard a lot about these days is the Stirling engine, which is a bit like a steam engine that doesn't use steam! Instead, it heats, cools, and recycles the same air or gas over and over again to create useful energy that can power an engine. Combined with solar technology and other emerging technologies, the Stirling engine sounds like cutting-edge technology, but it's actually been around since 1816. Let's take a closer look at how it works and how it can be used as an energy storage system!
The history and production of the Stirling Engine
It is not surprising that the Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by a Scottish priest named Robert Stirling. He hoped to build an engine that was safer and more efficient than the steam engine developed by Thomas Newcomen about a century ago and later improved by James Watt and others. The advent of the internal combustion engine left the Stirling engine behind, although it was rediscovered by Philips in the mid-20th century. Recently, they have become popular in solar power generation and other forms of renewable energy, where their higher efficiency is appreciated. This technology got another boost in the 1980s when Ivo Kolin of the University of Zagreb and James Senft of the University of Wisconsin developed a new, very compact design for a Stirling engine that could generate power with only a small difference between the heat source and the sink.
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A crater in Turkmenistan called "The Gates of Hell" has been on fire for roughly 50 years. Pretty sure posting a bunch of Stirling engines attached to electric generators could have harness all that wasted energy. A Thermoelectric peltier device is basically a solid-state Stirling engine. lol
If the project hade the funding it could help Turkmenistan to modernise like a coal mine would
This or any hotspring water source
I wanted to make a peltier powered stirling
Make a mega Stirling engine over that hell hole. And store it in batteries and put lines up to send the energy out.
This video should be labeled as "click-bait" and deleted, or at the very least, demonetized. The video is titled, ostensibly, about using Sterling Engines for energy storage. After over 11 minutes of background material on Sterling engines, the actual energy storage mechanism is molten salt storage. FWIW, by definition, any "engine" is an energy transducer to provide useful work--not a storage mechanism!
You make ones big enough to power you home. I really like the parabolic mirrors heating the stirling engine, which would then act as electric generator, which then is connected to a series of Tesla or other brand of lithium ion batteries to store that energy and use it for your own home. The power output efficiency compared to solar panels would be a night and day difference
Anything that spins could be hooked to a generator or alternator which makes power.
Couple of questions: 1. Can the power piston fit so well that no gas is lost on each stroke? 2. If not, how is that gas replaced? 3. How much energy is lost to the atmosphere from the heat source that is not absorbed by the heat cylinder of the Stirling?
Quick Rundown of Alpha vs. Beta vs. Gamma Stirling Engines:
Alpha: _2_ power pistons, _2_ cylinders, _0 displacers_ [a.k.a. "displacement-pistons"]
Beta: _1_ power piston, _1_ cylinder, _1 displacer_ [a.k.a. "displacement-pistons"]
Gamma: _1_ power piston, _2_ cylinders, _1 displacer_ [a.k.a. "displacement-pistons"]
And this is where people confuse Alpha and Gamma Stirling Engines: because the displacer is sometimes called a "displacement piston" and because it has its own cylinder, people think: "2 cylinders, 2 pistons … must be Alpha!"
But as I point out: Alpha has _0 displacement pistons_ - both pistons are power-pistons and no "displacement" like in a Beta or Gamma engine take place.
Suggestion for sterling use: some cities in sweden have mountains of snow transported out of the city that last until summer. Why not use the temperature difference between those things and the hot sun outside?
And the temperature at the bottom of a deep lake is 8 degrees centrigrade. So you could use passive solar concentrators to obtain high heat and simply pump water from the bottom of the lake to obtain low heat.
It would also have the added benefit of oxygenating the water.
The problem with Stirling engine unfortunately is economic one.
I would love to see Stirling engines used as a stationary converters of green energy like concentrated solar power, or exploit any other temperature difference as there are many in nature (though Solar is usually the core one, or at least can be concentrated easily).
Stirling engine works on the very principle of Entropy - converting the flow of heat to useful work, and that's why it has the great potential to be the most efficient engine EVER!
However there are several conditions to be met to make it possible.
- Stirling engines have to become much cheaper (** see below what makes them more complex and costly) - I'm still optimist that it's just a engineering task and that putting it on economy of scale would accomplish it, unfortunately we're not there yet :/
- Stirling engines should be driven by clean energy source. That's if we want to make large scale use of their high efficiency (without pollution!). I'm always annoyed when I hear that Stirling is "#### combustion" engine! This only shows that its core principle is not clear (good that they said that in the video, although much later than calling it external combustion engine).
- Stirling engine has to do a LOT of work. That's not just to be equal with other engines but in order to push them over anything new has to do not just as well but better (that's one of the dark sides of economy :/ ). There is a way to do that - increase the pressure of the working gas. This isn't so difficult since Stirling engine is closed cycle one, so as long as the working gas doesn't leak (which can be a challenge if using some of the best gasses like Hydrogen or Helium), and has to be safe enough when under pressure.
The math of pressurized Stirling engine is really simple (can be seen easily in its cycle diagram) - Increasing the pressure won't change the balance in anyway it would just cause more gas molecules to do work - proportionally! If you want your Stirling engine to do 10 times more work than a 1 atm pressure one, just increase its internal gas pressure 10 times.
You want to do 100 times more work - pump it to ~100 bars. The energy for pumping it is one time thing (not considering maintenance in case of leaks) so it's more of a construction cost than a running consumable.
- Stirling engine should use a gas with high thermal conductivity. Hydrogen & Helium are great, Air is really horrible. Hydrogen is also really cheap, but when put under pressure can be a risk. Helium is safe, but it's more expensive and we're continuously losing our reserves of Helium as the free one in the atmosphere just escapes in space. Perhaps another inert gas that we can produce cheaply enough would be better for mass production (perhaps one that's also tuned to do phase change during its regeneration step)
There are solutions, we just have to account for the additional costs/risks.
Also there are other techniques to increase the thermal conductivity not be the gas core properties, but by having fine fins inside each chamber which are accessible when the respective chamber has maximum volume. But still high thermal conductivity gas will work better.
- And finally I left actually the core principle of all heat pumps. They work more efficiently for a given temp. difference if that diff. is closer to the absolute zero!
The efficiency depends on the ratio between the Cold tank temp. and the Hot tank one. That ratio would be bigger if the same temp. difference is closer to 0°K.
The easiest temps to operate a Stirling engine is to use the environment temp as cold tank (average for Earth 16°C with some variations on time of day, season or place of course) and the hot to a temp. convenient to the source of heat.
1200-1400°C is typical for using flame to heat the Hot tank (ie the dirty one).
600-700°C is most common for concentrated Solar (which if scaled properly can go to 1000-1400°C ... potentially ~5000°C is the theoretical max.)
For example the 16°C/616°C (to have round 600°C temp. diff. for simplicity) will result in theoretical max. efficiency of ~67%
but the same 600°C temp. diff when using liquid air cold tank (@ -196°C) and thus 404°C Hot tank will give us ~88% max. efficiency.
Of course maintaining such cryo cold tank is a challenge, but luckily Stirling engine make excellent heat pump when in reverse cycle that can easily reach such temps. So it can be used (when there's enough Sun for example) to convert part of the energy and store it in liquid air tanks and use that later when the Sun doesn't shine to still produce electricity.
So there are solutions for every problem, and several to greatly increase its usefulness, and that's what makes me optimist for the future.
However the inertia of the market (remember that nobody wanted Li-ion batteries in the beginning, so much that John Goodenough had to give the tech for free!) and the fact that most industrial high.efficiency impl. of Stirling engines are still trade secrets are postponing the improvement and introduction of the (high eff.) tech on mass scale.
That's the reason I'm really interested in every Stirling engine that tries to optimize any aspect, but I'm really bored seeing toy Stirling engines (which are only proof of concept) over and over again.
@@blueckaym awesome complementary note to features lacking in video! really appreciate
@@lis6502 , you're welcome!
@@blueckaymUsing a separate stirling engine to maintain -200 C° just for the 20% would just result in more energy losses and friction decreasing the overall power output otherwise I agree with your opinion.
1:48 the concept
I can tell that the kid from green energy science helped out alot in the script.
Ok, there was some good content in that. Some confusion for me when you spoke about:
a. Heat sink and heat exchangers - aren't they same thing in this instance?
b. Heat recovery and exchanger fins - this seems contradictory - recovering heat or dissipating it. I get you are opening on temp difference. I can only guess its happening at different points for different reasons, i.e. Max physical work, and transfer before difference lost.
Anyway, good to hear that you are 'less fluffy' these days.
Very nice video 👍
Thank you very much!
when can we get kits in the 1 to 2 hp range for use with wood stoves?
Combine this with HHO, can thie engine produce enough electricity to keep electrolysis running ?
I believe the best application of Stirling engines would be waste heat recovery. Its low power/weight ratio precludes its usage in some applications such as land vehicles, but it could be employed on large ships or stationary industrial installations where it could literally cut energy losses in half. Less waste heat rejected into the atmosphere, fewer CO2 emissions for energy generation, climate change tackled from two directions.
I may not have been attentive enough, but the heat storage system presented here (molten salt) as storage system has nothing to do with the Stirling engine??? The only thing that brings them together is that you will use the temp differential to generate electricity out of the heat. It's not a magically new application of the Stirling thermodynamic process. Correct me if I'm wrong.
Too expensive to be commercial applications. Any affordable one with a few KW?
It seems 2-3 KW can work for home. Any product in this range?
I hope so
Is there a reason why thermal energy storage focuses on heating a substance to store the energy rather than cooling it? Since stirling engines are used as cryogenic heat pumps, would it not be possible to use mechanical energy from a wind turbine to pump a stirling engine to cool air to the freezing point of CO2, store that and then use another stirling engine to run off the heat difference between that and the captured heat to produce electricity? So you're capturing CO2, creating small glaciers and producing emission free energy all at once.
Stirling engine could charge battery like hybrid 20 years ago I was saying a weed whacker motor to charge or generator , probably could use controller as differential when driving could you gain ? Or at least burn less fuel if it's a even
The designers of the models shown seem to not understand flame. The fuel is turned to vapour by the heat of the flame it's self. That rises as the outer portion burns. The inner part is often illuminated but mostly is not yet burnt. For a Sterling engine to be heated more efficiently, the burnt gas, above the flame should impinge the bulb.
Bulbs are the models the working Stirling from 1910 thru 1920 were made of cast iron that retained the heat better. Using the burner exhaust to heat masonry walls, rocks, sand or water to store the heat , also not shown here was geothermal heat from the ground (basically any heat pump) .. 5 to 10 horsepower Stirling were no joke..
Were you going to explain how Azelio tech works?
What you didn't do in this video is give us a step by step description of how it works. Air or a gass is heated and pushes a piston. Then it cools and pulls it back. I just cant imagine how this can happen so quickly and have any efficiency.
It is interesting to know that the Sterling Engine was successfully developed and tested by our, USA, government about 70 years ago but it is, for some reason, not available today. The videos of it have been removed from yt. Does this device somehow violate the social or any other terms of the "platform"???
It wasn't developed by the US government, it was invented by Robert Stirling - a Scot - and developed by a mixture of Scottish, English, French and other European scientists. However, NASA have been responsible for notable 21st century developments.
@Milkwater I'm not referring to the inventor but that the USAF, and possibly other organizations of the US government, have created a sterling type engine that was fairly efficient on a work truck and a motor boat that ran well with very little input of another source in the late '50's or '60's but is not available on the market. With this space would be no trouble neither would it be hard to power homes or very cheaply operate anything that currently uses internal combustion or could use it. It has been suppressed for years via a congressional act called the "invention secrecy act" along with many other inventions.
@@magapefarmshomestead6453 Interesting, I'll read into it. Thanks for this info.
Maybe they could have stirling engines to collect hot battery heat and with a generator on the stirling engines to keep the battery more full than would otherwise be.
So, how is "energy" stored in this technology?
As far as I understand it's not. So some sort of clickbait.
They did put a Stirling Engine in a car before but the project was cancel.
Lol do not get me wrong thay can be used in the grid but thay still will be expensive at LARGE SCALES
No one say you need to make them Large.
Like no one ever stated Mad Scientists at the Westpoint were true researchers..
Cool, the coolest thing i think it's Combining them with concentrated solar, Hot air gas, and Molten Alluminium heat storage energy.
A water cooling system with Tesla Fountains, RAW's Albedo Nanomembrane, 5-Tesla Magnetocaloric Heat Dampening and A Stirling Cryocooler...
Because why not..?
Can you make a video connecting this to the Solar Desalination Domes that MBS is using in Neom..?
It's literally Zero Energy Pure Desalinated Water.
It's a Lifesaving Concept if we wait for Idiots to do their best we might just ending up in a Globally Sterile Land full of the Archeological Remainings of our Hyper-Industrial civilization.
Just make one for yourself, to power your home
If sabb uses them in submarines they could be used in electric excavators sense they own part of Volvo.
They have solar panels that charge night and day now
Did they really force water into mines? I think they used the engines to pump water out of mines. Maybe you are confusing this with fracking?
As far as I was aware steam wasn't expelled in the smoke stack and the chuff was from the stack pulling air through the fire box along with the pistons valves opening to let steam out.
But I'm probably wrong on this.
Perhaps a monotube could be placed in some smoke stacks to improve efficiency. Since the smoke cab be very hot which is why some smoke boxes had what's called a cyclone to deal with the hot ash.
Using air makes the Stirling engine weak. You could stop it with bare hands, which is impossible with steam engine or an ICE (e.g. the Otto motor).
You can use Helium or Hydrogen..
It isn't the Gas that it's making it moving, it's the differential Temperature Variations.
The most efficient Gas Microturbines by now are MIT's Ones.
They work with just Air..
But i get what you mean probably the scaled up version of it would not be that much feasible.
The heavier the components gets the hardest would be to make it starting for example..
Geothermal systems upgrades to power ac heat pumps with same life span cycle use the engine to recharge iron cell battery storage to have save back up power on grid with no extra load on grid to be used when grid demands peaker plants to be used so heat pump to run ac heat from pump coils run sterling to charge cheap based battery storage to be used in power outages or smart grid peak demand storage ,,,could be as heat pump / ac , sterling to change as pump changes an when pump shuts down heater used ,think that would be a bigger sterling that would with heat vent power electric back to grid in winter from fossil fuels used so plants can use more with less burning and heating of planet
About steam Engines, we used steam to generate power, in the form of a Steam Turbine, which uses an unlimited source of heat in the form of Nuclear energy, from disused Nuclear warheads we turned into Fuel rods, only problem is that we needed a LOT of shielding, RADIATION shielding to be precise
solid metal fuel cell, yes, not a battery, as it has dynamic fuel and electrolyte input and filtering, just like a gasoline engine, but the process is the salt water battery chemical electric
public domain idea of using spooled metal wire as the energy storage, metal-air battery but as fuel cell re-used chemistry, the engine part has the platinum air electrodes, not the fuel
all metals, like aluminium, magnesium, iron, zinc, silicon metal, as wires in the spools, are viable, full 8kwh/kg, 6.3kwh/kg, 1.4kwh/kg and 1.4kwh/kg, salt water or any other standard water electrolyte, with anti-freeze
magnesium-air and aluminium-air have efficiency of up to 90%, direct electricity
if you get in by the principles the core, then you have it instantly understood, in stirlings case, its the heating expansion of air, and all other that are needed related to the first principle
a turbine with external burner heat transfer is the pass-through air turbine equivalent to the stirling engine
Swabe
As I have already stated the research has and application of this technology has been done so why is it not available???
it competes with gas, oil and coal? not much profit in them...
Why don't they just use sterling engines for cars?
This is reduce the need for using fuel
5:11 no. No it is not. The Carnot cycle depends on assumptions like your working fluid (in this case air) becoming as cold as your sink, as well as frictionless parts and perfect energy transfer. Stirling engines are nowhere near that efficiency. Still very cool, but definitely not perfect, or very useful for most energy applications
Who makes sterling engines?
Very misleading presentation. You say at 6.54 that you are going to concentrate on the Beta type displacer and then show a Beta type plastic model but all the working examples you show are GAMMA machines. The beta has both a displacer and a piston operating out of phase IN THE SAME CYLINDER. This requires a much more complicated and precise engineering which is why all the 'toy' or 'demo' engines for sale are the easier to construct Gamma type with two cylinders - the heated one with a displacer and the cool one with the power piston.
Also at 1.51 you show a diagram for an ALPHA engine but immediately follow it with a Picture of a GAMMA.
i've been saying Sterling Engines are the future of "green energy" since they're vastly better than EV vehicles, more powerful than solar panels and they're stupid simple to make work... you literally only need a difference in temperature... it IS a thermodynamic engine so there's little to no loss meaning they are way more efficient than any other kind of engine out there! 2-3x more efficient than any gas or diesel engine so if you want to curb CO2 pollution... NASA put one in a pickup truck back in the 90's and it passed California emissions control WITHOUT a catalytic converter that's how clean it ran! so why did the tech get buried and go by the wayside? people need to seriously change up who they're voting for because that's why we're not getting the changes that we need!
These things look great. You can literally use a candle to run a fly wheel or a turbine. And if you can run a turbine, you can make electricity to charge battery arrays. But I guess we all know why they didn't catch on compared to an external combustion engines. Its hard to monetize candles.
Redesign the piston chamber to a type of metal, then instead of a fuel burning flame to power the piston, use electric induction coil with electrical control dials, which would get power from battery, which would be recharged by the running motor
you stole your thumbnail from the hard work of Johnnyq90, shameful and disgraceful to not even credit them
Sterling haha
Ericsson engine is much better.
I have to bail. Mindless, endless insipid "music" is destroying my brain. A
so sick of these videos when ya lookin for viable options.
wow you just explained a invention thats over a hundred years old.
where buy a energy storage system... fkn no where
Too much talking. Had to stop 🛑 watching. 😢