My Thermodynamics Professor worked at JPL and helped to do the primary calculations for this heat shield. His name is Richard Passamaneck and he worked at Colorado School of Mines later in life. He had some fun stories on how hard it was to model the entry and the margins involved. He did a lot of really interesting things in his life and I was glad to learn from him. I wish I had thought to try to connect him with Scott, but I didn't think of it until after he passed in 2020.
Thank for that interesting piece of personal history. Getting study under the gentleman who worked on Galileo probe heat shield was a great learning opportunity.
@@CumulusGranitis Yeah, it was great! The guy was a multi-domain genius and easy to learn from. Thermodynamics has a tough reputation that is well deserved, but I took well to it in his class, which I credit to his teaching style. Same with fluids, which I found to actually be harder. Lol.
10/10 video, I have always been fascinated by the scientific probe missions through-out history more than any any other kinds of launches. The idea of bits and pieces of spacecraft scattered about the solar system and space for the sole mission of measuring little bits of temperatures and gases to discover the universe always feels so heroic and inspiring.
One of my colleagues at a job back in the 1990s had worked at JPL prior and designed the demodulator that received the probe data on the mothership before it was stored on tape and forwarded to Earth. He had some stories to tell about the challenges that posed. We congratulated him when word came back that it had worked successfully.
230 g of deceleration is roughly 2.3x more intense than the deceleration in a typical car crash, except a car crash only lasts a split second. That Jupiter Armospheric Probe had to wistand car-crash deceleration for tens of seconds!
About the atmosphere on other planets - today is 40 years since the launch of the Soviet probe "Nova-1" to Venus! It had a balloon probe that separated at an altitude of 55 km from the surface.
Mindblowingly cool to think that a few man made diamond windows may well be lying intact on the surface of Jupiters metallic hydrogen core to this day 🤯
Hilarious. I was listening to a conversation about hypersonic flight and I wondered about the speed of the Galileo probe so I googled it five minutes ago. Then this drops...
wrt "Apparently the test system was miswired exactly the same way" at ~14:50... That is a very, very common problem in all aspects of engineering. I like to call it "incestuous testing" i.e. the test and associated fixtures share the same defective DNA (in the form of bad design assumptions) as the real system. It's especially common when the system under test and the test are implemented by the same individual or team, without any external review. They just reinforce their own mistakes instead of finding them. That is exactly why we do integration testing, where we confirm that entire systems behave as expected instead of just testing individual parts. In this case if the computer had been exercised as part of the centrifuge test then the fact that it was interpreting the high- and low-G sensors in reverse would have been easily detected.
Though it may have had only a limited amount of time to function and be able to show anything (given clouds/clear areas/clouds, etc) a camera would have been nice. One lesson NASA/JPL seemed to have learned here was that all future spacecraft will definitely have cameras on them so that taxpayers will have cool visuals besides all the data.
@@patrickf.4440 Seeing how far tech and science advancement have come decades since this mission, I think it's safe to say it is feasible even with current technology.
What a deep dive! Amazing to think this was possible with the computing power available at the time... It really says a lot about the talent, brilliance and determination of the people that made it happen.
The Galileo Probe was built by the Hughes Aircraft Company under contract with the NASA Ames Research Center (Mountain View, California). My first flight activity (and first as lead) was to get the Probe released from the Galileo Orbiter, unblocking the 400 N main engine to allow the Orbiter Deflection Maneuver to get the Orbiter off its collision course with Jupiter and onto its orbital insertion trajectory. My office was also right next to the Probe Team’s offices at JPL, so I had many interesting interactions with them Bryon job-related ones. One of my most treasured mementos from my time at JPL is a special Probe Team pin that only very few were issued. RIP Pat Amelia, it was wonderful working with you.
The nasa tv channel needs to hire you to make programming approachable and understandable now, not saying they dont already do that yet you bring so much more to the table and i thank you for the years of enjoyable content
Finally! I've been waiting for a video on this. Info on the atmospheric probe is sparse at best and most of it exists as the original papers and jpl website from 1995 which has not changed for all these decades.
Thanks for this, always been interested in the Galileo mission. RIP Bill O’Neil, Ed Stone and the others involved in the mission who are no longer with us.
During peak heating and declaration, the heat shield reached temperatures high enough to emit X-rays. In short, the entry probe survived what amounts to a massive nuclear explosion before the parachute deployed and the heat shield was jettisoned. The heat shield turned out to have been barely adequate to protect the probe as two thirds of it burned away during entry.
Hi Scott! Fly safe! Doesn't radiative heating grow much faster with velocity than compression heating? How did the probe's retrograde side not melt under the plasma glow?
There was actually a much more serious problem than the ’snot’ on the dummy erase head discovered when the spare DMS (Data Management Subsystem - in the GLL Testbed failed a few hours after the flight problem. An LED used to detect End-of-Tape failed, allowing the clear leader at the end of the tape to travel through the mechanism to trip the beginning-of-tape sensor, locking the tape irretrievably at EOT. Opening the spare DMS to fix this issue allowed engineers Greg Levanas and Mike Johnson to diagnose the stuck tape issue and determine that the tape was almost certainly intact. Later we advanced the tape, demonstrating that it was in fact intact, and then wrapped up the potentially weakened spot in 25 wraps of tape to protect it. That plus the LED issue meant that we could not go to either end of the tape again. The software in the flight computer was modified to only move in playback mode and look for data patterns saved to the tape. These patterns became the new Beginning- and End-of-Tape markers, referred to as ‘New BOT’ and ‘New EOT.’
It's interesting that what is now becoming the bottleneck of manned interplanetary travel is heat shields. This is a good sign. The delta v problems to go interplanetary are currently being addressed successfully.
I always see models of Galileo with the antenna jammed, makes sense as it was jammed. But I noticed now part of the dish has a dent in it. I wonder if that was part of the design or something else.
how does the probe get crushed? do the instruments and the probe itself all have sealed internal volumes to crush? why couldn't they leave then open or have them open so the pressure equalizes?
Clearly scientific instruments, data transmitters can’t be vented so something must be sealed… you can get pressure to equalize but then you aren’t getting any useful data, plus this isn’t just pressure, forgot about the temperature 😂
I think this data calls for further investigation. We should build a zeppelin style "lander" immediately Obviously we're going to have to figure out how to not turn astronauts into paint during the aerobrake first though
07:54 Was this the last mission that used a unfolding parabolic antenna? 14:20 At least the programmer thought that through beforehand. Not like Boeing and MCAS. ☠️ (Mentor pilot released a video today)
Comparing the reentry from the moon with the Jovian entry talking about the square doesn't give the full flavour. Heat flux scales with the fourth power.
Artificial diamonds are not that expensive. The high cost of natural diamonds is largely forced. So, it was probably not that expensive in the context of the overall cost of the mission.
@@giovannifoulmouth7205 They're expensive because they're scarce, therefore the cost isn't forced? That doesn't follow. When one company happens to own the patch of ground that contains most of the world's minable diamonds, scarcity can be forced.
@@giovannifoulmouth7205 Natural, gem-quality diamonds of usable sizes are fairly rare, but not to the extent that De Beers wants you to believe. Industrial diamonds are very common and quite cheap. Synthetic diamonds are relatively inexpensive and as good as natural ones, or more so if you want a minimum of imperfections, such as inclusions or color tints. The diamond industry is very dirty, in many ways. Don't buy diamond jewelry!
It's amazing how many times 'luck' comes into play allowing scientific progress instead of hitting a wall leaving only theory attempting to explain the outcome.
My Thermodynamics Professor worked at JPL and helped to do the primary calculations for this heat shield. His name is Richard Passamaneck and he worked at Colorado School of Mines later in life. He had some fun stories on how hard it was to model the entry and the margins involved. He did a lot of really interesting things in his life and I was glad to learn from him. I wish I had thought to try to connect him with Scott, but I didn't think of it until after he passed in 2020.
That’s awesome
Thank for that interesting piece of personal history. Getting study under the gentleman who worked on Galileo probe heat shield was a great learning opportunity.
@@CumulusGranitis Yeah, it was great! The guy was a multi-domain genius and easy to learn from. Thermodynamics has a tough reputation that is well deserved, but I took well to it in his class, which I credit to his teaching style. Same with fluids, which I found to actually be harder. Lol.
20 GIGAWATTS??! You can run 16 Deloreans with that!
No my friend, that's Jigawats ur talking about
1.21
Did it go backward in time to dinosaur era?
Actually only 16.52 DeLorean.
Extra points for doing some math on this joke.
10/10 video, I have always been fascinated by the scientific probe missions through-out history more than any any other kinds of launches. The idea of bits and pieces of spacecraft scattered about the solar system and space for the sole mission of measuring little bits of temperatures and gases to discover the universe always feels so heroic and inspiring.
One of my colleagues at a job back in the 1990s had worked at JPL prior and designed the demodulator that received the probe data on the mothership before it was stored on tape and forwarded to Earth. He had some stories to tell about the challenges that posed. We congratulated him when word came back that it had worked successfully.
Absolutely love these deep dives into nasa exploration missions ! Thanks Scott :)
“Quoted at reaching Mach 50….” Holy crap that is *screaming* “….which made it sound way slower than it actually was.” 🤯
... and the Jovian population still talk today about that mysterious spy drone.
230 g of deceleration is roughly 2.3x more intense than the deceleration in a typical car crash, except a car crash only lasts a split second. That Jupiter Armospheric Probe had to wistand car-crash deceleration for tens of seconds!
That's an amazing way to put it into context. Crashing a car into a wall continuously for a minute.
20 GW is the equivalent of the entire electrical grid in a medium-sized country, wow.
Also, 30 kW/cm^2... I mean, that's insane
Where did it get that much power to dissipate when presumably the rocket launching it didn't have the power of a medium sized country?
About the atmosphere on other planets - today is 40 years since the launch of the Soviet probe "Nova-1" to Venus!
It had a balloon probe that separated at an altitude of 55 km from the surface.
Mindblowingly cool to think that a few man made diamond windows may well be lying intact on the surface of Jupiters metallic hydrogen core to this day 🤯
So in the end Jupiter basically ate the probe and digested it.
And gave us a bad yelp review. *sad face*
Another excellent video from Scott
WoopWoop! Spacecraft Sunday with Scott! =3
The data rate from Galileo was tragic. I'm glad it sent the data it did.
I am ashamed to admit I had forgotten about the Galileo entry probe. Thank you for this excellent video.
Hilarious. I was listening to a conversation about hypersonic flight and I wondered about the speed of the Galileo probe so I googled it five minutes ago. Then this drops...
¿Coincidence?
Yes.
wrt "Apparently the test system was miswired exactly the same way" at ~14:50...
That is a very, very common problem in all aspects of engineering. I like to call it "incestuous testing" i.e. the test and associated fixtures share the same defective DNA (in the form of bad design assumptions) as the real system. It's especially common when the system under test and the test are implemented by the same individual or team, without any external review. They just reinforce their own mistakes instead of finding them.
That is exactly why we do integration testing, where we confirm that entire systems behave as expected instead of just testing individual parts. In this case if the computer had been exercised as part of the centrifuge test then the fact that it was interpreting the high- and low-G sensors in reverse would have been easily detected.
The novel “2001: A Space Odyssey” had a probe that fell through Jupiter’s atmosphere on a parachute but it also had a camera.
Though it may have had only a limited amount of time to function and be able to show anything (given clouds/clear areas/clouds, etc) a camera would have been nice. One lesson NASA/JPL seemed to have learned here was that all future spacecraft will definitely have cameras on them so that taxpayers will have cool visuals besides all the data.
@@patrickf.4440 Seeing how far tech and science advancement have come decades since this mission, I think it's safe to say it is feasible even with current technology.
Wonderful video scott
What a deep dive! Amazing to think this was possible with the computing power available at the time... It really says a lot about the talent, brilliance and determination of the people that made it happen.
Merry Christmas Scott and family.
Well that was fascinating. Cheers Scott.
That's a slower bitrate than a telegraph
Great explanation as usual. I was only a little surprised that Scott did not mention that the Galileo spacecraft and probe were built at JPL for NASA.
The Galileo Probe was built by the Hughes Aircraft Company under contract with the NASA Ames Research Center (Mountain View, California).
My first flight activity (and first as lead) was to get the Probe released from the Galileo Orbiter, unblocking the 400 N main engine to allow the Orbiter Deflection Maneuver to get the Orbiter off its collision course with Jupiter and onto its orbital insertion trajectory. My office was also right next to the Probe Team’s offices at JPL, so I had many interesting interactions with them Bryon job-related ones. One of my most treasured mementos from my time at JPL is a special Probe Team pin that only very few were issued. RIP Pat Amelia, it was wonderful working with you.
Great documentary.
Nice vod Scott learned something new that I did not know about that mission.
Awesome, one of your best videos! Thank you!
Amazing story telling 👏
I was born in 98 so I really appreciate you covering this. As always thanks for all the content!
Thank you Scott!
Love that kind of stuff on a sunday late evening, thanks for this gem Scott! ❤😅
It makes me happy to think the diamond lens bits made it that far down into Jupiter. Very cool
Fascinating story, well done Scott. What an amazing journey and certainly a feat of engineering history. Thank you for making my day! 🚀
Incredible technology! Thanks for sharing!
"Mach 50, which makes it sound way slower than it was" this is the only context in which mach 50 could possibly be slow
Now NASA must build a probe for Uranus! and it has to go deep!
I'm afraid most porn stars are way ahead of you there.....😂
The nasa tv channel needs to hire you to make programming approachable and understandable now, not saying they dont already do that yet you bring so much more to the table and i thank you for the years of enjoyable content
Really heartbreaking how Galileo couldn't deploy its high gain antenna!
Finally! I've been waiting for a video on this. Info on the atmospheric probe is sparse at best and most of it exists as the original papers and jpl website from 1995 which has not changed for all these decades.
Thanks for this, always been interested in the Galileo mission. RIP Bill O’Neil, Ed Stone and the others involved in the mission who are no longer with us.
That is crazy Gs. To even design wiring would be so difficult. Interesting video. 👍🏻🇬🇧
Outstanding!
My mentor professor Dr Eric Klumpe worked as an engineer on Galileo!
It's crazy how they could do that back then, imagine what there must be not tech wise. Thanks Scott 💚
Scott, you rock! Peace 🤘
During peak heating and declaration, the heat shield reached temperatures high enough to emit X-rays. In short, the entry probe survived what amounts to a massive nuclear explosion before the parachute deployed and the heat shield was jettisoned. The heat shield turned out to have been barely adequate to protect the probe as two thirds of it burned away during entry.
Nice!!! Keep it up! 🖖
Hi Scott! Fly safe!
Doesn't radiative heating grow much faster with velocity than compression heating? How did the probe's retrograde side not melt under the plasma glow?
There was actually a much more serious problem than the ’snot’ on the dummy erase head discovered when the spare DMS (Data Management Subsystem - in the GLL Testbed failed a few hours after the flight problem. An LED used to detect End-of-Tape failed, allowing the clear leader at the end of the tape to travel through the mechanism to trip the beginning-of-tape sensor, locking the tape irretrievably at EOT. Opening the spare DMS to fix this issue allowed engineers Greg Levanas and Mike Johnson to diagnose the stuck tape issue and determine that the tape was almost certainly intact. Later we advanced the tape, demonstrating that it was in fact intact, and then wrapped up the potentially weakened spot in 25 wraps of tape to protect it. That plus the LED issue meant that we could not go to either end of the tape again. The software in the flight computer was modified to only move in playback mode and look for data patterns saved to the tape. These patterns became the new Beginning- and End-of-Tape markers, referred to as ‘New BOT’ and ‘New EOT.’
Wouldnt the unsymmetrical antenna cause vibrations and make Imaging impossible?
Poetry. sheer poetry. of course the first time i typed that it came out Peotry.. lol. thanks Scott
Very cool!
It's interesting that what is now becoming the bottleneck of manned interplanetary travel is heat shields. This is a good sign. The delta v problems to go interplanetary are currently being addressed successfully.
250 G? how does crew handle that?
KSP > KSP2
I would give anything to see what that re-entry looked like from up close. Can you imagine the plasma?
Changes in the supply chain? So no more asbestos is available?
How much did the asymmetry of the under-deployed antenna affect the spin stabilization?
g-switches - perfect example of Murphy's law.
I always see models of Galileo with the antenna jammed, makes sense as it was jammed. But I noticed now part of the dish has a dent in it. I wonder if that was part of the design or something else.
Cool video 📸
VGER lives.
I always thought Venera was the toughest. Never knew about the jupiter one before.
Everything was given us so simply I never realised how many problems did they have to overcome to push us a bit further as a humanity.
Did we not name the probe??
That "hole in the clouds" was nearly the size of our planet at the time.
Could we catch some or all that energy while descending through the atmosphere?
20 gigawatts.... 20 gigawatts..... Great scot.... We needed 1.21 for time travel!!!!
There's probably a few chemicals and materials that were used in the Apollo heat shield that are no longer available
how does the probe get crushed? do the instruments and the probe itself all have sealed internal volumes to crush? why couldn't they leave then open or have them open so the pressure equalizes?
Clearly scientific instruments, data transmitters can’t be vented so something must be sealed… you can get pressure to equalize but then you aren’t getting any useful data, plus this isn’t just pressure, forgot about the temperature 😂
Is there anything left of the probe? Could you go and get the remains or has it dissolved/melted away?
Just like your brain, it melted away
think harder 😮
@@Jay-cf6dz Shouldn't you be busy on Twitter?
230g?
Kenny Brack be like "hold my beer"
Note to NASA: Next time you do something like this, stick a camera on it!
with 128 bits/second scientific data was far more important than any photos that would probably be not very exciting to begin with
Was thinking this myself. The tech has progressed so much that we almost certainly would if it were designed today.
Sounds like 'the little probe that... sorta could.'
and years later, the spacecraft followed its probe into Jupiter
love it
Video length: 21:37
Me: Coincidence? I THINK NOT!
New outro music? No no no no no
Am I the only one that started playing The Blue Danube in my head, during the spin stabilized segment? 🙂
Jupiter!? I hardly knew her!
I think this data calls for further investigation. We should build a zeppelin style "lander" immediately
Obviously we're going to have to figure out how to not turn astronauts into paint during the aerobrake first though
Earth needs to send another probe to Jupiter. We have better tech now and can build a better probe.
I'd like to see NASA probe Uranus. 😮
07:54 Was this the last mission that used a unfolding parabolic antenna?
14:20 At least the programmer thought that through beforehand. Not like Boeing and MCAS. ☠️ (Mentor pilot released a video today)
Fly Safe 🖖
I really want to see balloon probes to the gas giants.
Comparing the reentry from the moon with the Jovian entry talking about the square doesn't give the full flavour. Heat flux scales with the fourth power.
No commentary on Jared Isaacman???
He was 12 years old when this happened.
Does tow wires crossed and double crossed still work?
The apparent answer is no.
Did I hear that correctly, diamond window? How much did that cost?
Artificial diamonds are not that expensive. The high cost of natural diamonds is largely forced. So, it was probably not that expensive in the context of the overall cost of the mission.
@@dotnet97 Very, very false. Diamonds of any kind are super scarce and thus very expensive.
@@giovannifoulmouth7205 They're expensive because they're scarce, therefore the cost isn't forced? That doesn't follow. When one company happens to own the patch of ground that contains most of the world's minable diamonds, scarcity can be forced.
@@giovannifoulmouth7205 Wrong. Diamonds are not scarce. They can be made very easily in a lab. It's just carbon.
@@giovannifoulmouth7205 Natural, gem-quality diamonds of usable sizes are fairly rare, but not to the extent that De Beers wants you to believe. Industrial diamonds are very common and quite cheap. Synthetic diamonds are relatively inexpensive and as good as natural ones, or more so if you want a minimum of imperfections, such as inclusions or color tints. The diamond industry is very dirty, in many ways. Don't buy diamond jewelry!
Marty! Don't go to 2020!!!
Lets send a blimp to Jupiter
That's over a mile a second per second!
I am very early so I shall now make a very early comment thanking scott for continuing to make good stuff after all these years.
They better have brought jeb to do crew reports
Instead of using a rover, could a 'balloon type system be used to suspend the probe in the atmosphere of Jupiter to explore the planet?
It's amazing how many times 'luck' comes into play allowing scientific progress instead of hitting a wall leaving only theory attempting to explain the outcome.
Becky, Brian (plural), Carl, Neil, and Scott were all cut from the same cloth. If any are ever in Northern Wisconsin the drinks are on me.
Time for the queen related jokes related to bohemian rhapsody