Electronic Basics #27: ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
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- Опубліковано 6 лип 2024
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In this episode of Electronic Basics I will tell you about the most important specifications of an ADC, how an approximate successive ADC works and why it is difficult to build one by yourself. - Наука та технологія
Only knew AC/DC but that seems to be quite interesting too!
back in black? highway to hell?
xD made my day even in 2020
I understand 10% of these videos... but I still watch them
Joe Toe me too. But each video you watch you understand 1 percent more than the last. If you watch 20 videos, then start the playlist over again, you would understand more and more each cycle.
lol me too😁😁
It's really very well produced but to him I think all the concepts are far too basic for an explanation, for us it's quite hard to follow, even though it's interesting.
What's the good old saying..... "Throw enough sh&t at a wall some will stick"
Same. Gotta watch it in .75 ha
Damn.... your videos are addicting, interesting, and straight to the point. I also like how you record and document your trial-and-error process on some videos. Excellent videos, dude!
Thanks mate :-)
Leo Takacs // Scam Baiting 100% Agree
GreatScott! Can You Please Explain How Metal Detectors Work? Cause Im Not Able To Find Nice Videos Anywhere Else On YT
AAYUSH AGRAWAL I remember julian illet had a video on them.
i build a VERY basic one recently. Basically a metal detector works(in my mind) by having a coppercoil connected to some OPamps. Ferric metal creates an inductive load and opamps are sensitive enough to pick up on it. Mine isnt very sophisticated and i just made it with a mains transformer and a LM358 connected to some (rather pretty) LED ladder.
You do realize that some of your diagram drawing edits for the sake of animation are so good that at least half the viewers aren't aware of them? Oh, and the diagrams are perfect as well :D mad respect on both counts :D
Cheers from Slovenia
You only need 2 times the maximum frequency (call it f) for the sampling frequency. The imperfections you get have higher frequency components that were not present on the sampled signal, so the reconstructed signal will be exactly the sampled signal, if you pass it through a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency equal to f. In the real world, you want to sample at a slightly higher frequency than 2f, because filters are not perfect. This is the reason for 44100Hz sampling frequency of CD, you get 22050Hz as your maximum frequency, but your low-pass filter is set to about 20000Hz, to remove the sampling artifacts.
Good knowledge!!
This is true for audio applications, where phase is not critical. In other applications, such as oscilloscopes, having a sampling frequency only slightly above the Nyquist minimum will necessitate a very steep filter, which will invariably result in hefty phase shift. In these applications, you're better off with a sampling frequency around 5× the highest measured frequency (or more), and a shallower filter.
Which is what any decent and recent audio ADC does, by means of oversampling
I don't see how this can be the case.
The point of the nyquist limit is it's the minimum frequency you need to sample at to reproduce the frequency of the sampled signal, but as he says, you'll get the right frequency but you won't have a remotely accurate wave shape: It will just turn everything into a triangle wave. You will also have potentially horrible aliasing distortion.
@@vapourmile the interpolation in audio applications isn't necessarily linear. So good sine functions are created from few samples
You have great penmanship.
Awesome, as always! Thanks a lot. I'm and Electronics Engineer and you refresh my knowledge in few minutes. Even far better explained than my professors at college.
It's so in details and it's so technically in-depth in its description that I've no idea what he's talking about. It's nice to watch anyway... One day, I will understand what you are trying to say...
Ohne dass ich das Video anschaue weiß ich schon, dass du das perfekt erklären wirst. Du bist eif der Beste.
I never really liked electrical circuits or electronics before finding this channel. You are awesome!
Thanks mate :-) Always a pleasure to show people how awesome electronics can be.
the handwriting and drawings are so satisfying
your explanations are so easy and to the point that I can easily digest your understandings more easily than our professor's.
i love how neat your schematics are
Ok this is amazingly comprehensive and informative
What can I say to you Scott, thank you every day!!!
Very informative. You are skilled in both your pedagogy and video editing, excellent work.
I am writing an exam on mixed analog and digital circuits this week. This video was a good revision on flash and sar adcs!
I really like this series please make more.
love your tutorial videos! keep up the great work.
Thanks for share your knowledge. This playlist is awesome. I will waiting for video #28.
i always wait for the videos the are quite helpful to me
you are the best great scott
Great.... now my brain is melting down xD. Tolles Video Scott :3
What amazing video, keep going on!!
Awesome job! Love your videos, Love your teaching skills, You are just awesome!!
Awesome video and love your work
Great video !
Great insight into ADC'S.
Thank you very much for such awesome content all the time :D
hey great job, understood SAR method, I had my doubts but your video made it clear, thanks
Nice video GS
DUDE you always release videos about things im working on at the time! When can we expect a video on mind reading? ;) lol You're awesome! Keep the videos coming! Chur from NZ!
GREAT SCOTT! Yet another good video :) Nyquest Shannon also applies to those USB desktop audio converters for recording your own music or voice at home. Stepping up to a 24bit 48kHz sampling, A very noticeable difference when recording a piano or guitar compared to the basic 16 bit card that is in your PC. Bravo and well done explanation.
That was very informative !
Next level demonstration
Love it ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Everytime i surprise when i see the Nyquist ratio, In order to reconstruct your signal perfectly you have to choose your sampling frequency greater then your signal (maximum frequency of the bandwith of your signal) otherwise there will be aliasing and that cause loss of information. That is actually fantastic.
Does anyone else think about this but this guy has amazing hand writing!
Really very informative. Wish they were longer by a couple of minutes and explain the quantization error in the ADS's real quick. Keep up the good work please!!
I liked the new intro!
Good video.
Funny: ADC was one part of my "Messtechnik" - exam yesterday. :)
It would be great if a project was picked and this type of explanation was used showing all the used components and what happens if you used to strong or weak a unit. Thanks for the video.
Next: #10 DAC (thanks, very interesting to learn about the lowest level details of such components)
I love watching your videos even though I don't understand most of it 😂
same lol i feel like im watching chinese
I've experimented with AD conversion using an Arduino in the past: my goal was to sample an audio signal, filter the lows, mids and highs, get their amplitudes, and appropriately analogWrite() the R, G and B lines of an LED strip.
Then Signal Theory hit me, with a *heavy* stick called FFT, and the computational cost of such filtering. Luckily, I also bumped into the wonders of analog electronics, and eventually built a low, band, high pass filter using OPAMPS. Good times.
Good stuff. Don't use straight lines to reconstruct samples, use low frequency sine waves.
great video!!!!!!!
this video was very fany, congratulations your videos inspire me for mi projects
About the nyquist shannon theorem: if you use a low pass filter on the output, the double frequency of sample rate would be sufficient to recreate the sine. This is what the theorem stands upon. Its the backbone of digital audio. It has to do with fourier transform. Check Technology Connections video on the subject about nyquist shannon theorem.
holy hell, i have alot to learn!
I don't know what are you talking about but it looks awesome hehehe. I will try to figure it out in the future, well-done bro :D
Good video.
Thank you I got some grip on this topic.🙏🙏🙏❣️🥰🥰
Looks to me like you've misunderstood the sampling theorem, by the drawing and argument you made :) Oscillating between 1 and -1, that is the fastest frequency you can reproduce. That frequency should be reflected in your system by the sampling-rate. In the case of human hearing, we can detect up to around half of 20kHz, which is reflected in the common audio sampling-rate 44.1kHz, allowing us to reproduce a maximum frequency of ~22kHz. I have no idea where you got the 10-times rule you're mentioning, but sampling at twice the maximum of required frequency range is quite enough.
Jee man, I love watching you write and draw! That is some seriously good drafting skills!!!
Good Job you are awesome!!
Better explainations than my teacher !
When it comes to ADC I personally love the theory over the practice of it... I mean, how beautiful and round is the entire concept of converting real world information to bits?. Now, the practive of it (sampling, aliasing, noise, etc) is dirty!
that's more like electronic advanced than basic. hope to understand that in the future
Ooooh the old intro ❤️.❤️ :3 !!!
Hey @GreatScott
I really enjoy watching your electronics basics videos! Can you make a video about how to develop a project from a Breadboard on to a strip board, more specifically how to construct a circuit on a strip board? Thanks!
can you make a video where you show us how „Tesla Coils“ work? could be interesting.
you can get a nice signal out of 2 samples per period but in post-procesing, when you already have future samples - use some sort of spline (cause we can't get the ideal shannon interpolation formula). You can also get a good result if you delay the output by 4 or 5 samples and do a spline over them. (similar to matlabs interp1 with spline function). but the more samples you can get the better
You have such lovely penmanship :).
woow so good ty !
I should be studying geometry, but this is more interesting :3
actually geometry is very usefull in signal processing :D
good introduction 👍😀
Strictly speaking, the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem does not state that the sampling rate must be higher than twice the highest frequency of the signal, but higher than the signal's bandwidth. So if you sample at 20 kHz and have a signal with frequencies ranging from 90 kHz to 100 kHz, you can still perfectly reconstruct the signal, since if your digital version of the signal contains a frequency of x kHz, you know the original signal must have been at (x + 90) kHz (the signal is "aliased" to below 10 kHz). This is called undersampling and is frequently done in ultrasonic positioning systems, where your signal can be bandpass-filtered in hardware, before being sampled at a sample rate much lower than the signal's frequency, which decreases the computational cost of analysing the signal.
Thanks. Nyquist-Shannon is super interesting.
very well presented.. I'm an electronics engineer and can say that you did an amazing job as compared to the text book or a lecture on this. keep up the good work ! will be your patron soon :)
I have no idea what you just said, but I believe you.
If you have a 12-bit SAR converter operating at 1MHz, what will be the maximum sampling frequency to use in hertz?
neatest left hander ever, or second after Flanders
Hey Scott can you build a smart whatch with an arduino pro mini
like it! thanks for video.
Nice drawings, what kind of pen do you use?
Project Paul he is using a black stabilo fineliner
Thanks.
Your question reminds me of those people thinking that cameras take pictures. By that logic, pens write poetry.
Good gravy. You may have just set some sort of record on how to teach the basics of ADC circuits. That was very short and yet effectively conveyed how ADC work.
Excellent video. Thank you. What do you recommend for the sampling length? Is this another parameter we can tweak to increase the sampling rate?
so should sampling rate be high in order to have good quality or low? i have geophysics course where it's mentioned that sampling rate should be small in order to observe the phenomenon "adequately described"
Cool!! Thank you Proffessor! I would like to know about amplifiers.
Please!
Thank you so much! Now I know how to write my own SPI communication examples!
One question tho, how do i know the exact SPI speed (frequency)?
I gt an adc0808 the other day. Its a nifty chip. It has an 8 channel mux on the input so you can connect 8 analog signals to it. Of course you can only convert one channel at a time.
0:22 devil confirmed? XD
Where do you get this thing? I bought some from Texas instruments but they were too small to use.
Do ADC's have the oscilloscope equivalent of "bandwidth" in that if the frequency gets too high, it may not have a strong response even though it has enough samples per second to read it? Or are ADC's typically responsive to all frequencies up to their sampling frequency?
Hey Scott, thank you for this video it helps a lot to understand the way an ADC works. I've been working with an ADC10158 and i have a question, have you ever used a pin in an ADC called VREF_OUT pin?
The ADC itself has Vref+ and a Vref- pins for its bipolar mode of operation, but it also has this other pin which the datasheet recommends to bypass to ground with a 330uF cap but i'm not sure i'm doing things right because when i do this the ADC throws out incorrect values.
why does it have to be 666? just saying...
BTW, dang your handwriting is amazing. not a lot of people have that skill anymore, due to computers being more popular.
Juho L Because science is the work of the devil.
My handwriting was bullshit even before i started to use computers .-. I just didn't learn it properly and well...
Damián Cupo my handwriting was fantastic in cursive but I had to switch to print and now it's shit again
I always write in print, my cursive is just... not easy to te eye, why you had to switch to print?
Damián Cupo I grew up right as many schools in my area stopped teaching cursive. I learned it but many of my peers didn't and can't read it
Great!
hey Scott i want to start working on a special project. A DIY multi channel mixer. about 32 channels. kind of an ambitious project, but i have everything figured out, except the equalizer. i tried to watch some videos but they were not helpful at all, it would be awesome if you could maybe do a video on how to make a 3 band parametric eq? i am personally going to try to be using some rotary pots, but i dont know how to link them to a rang of a frequency, so yea. hell even a whole thing on making mixer would kinda of a fun project. i tried looking at videos and none of them explain it all that well, and your style realy works for me!
Hey Scott, I have one question. Why do you divide the analog reading of the Arduino (which returns a value between 0 and 1023) by 1024? If the maximum value that the Arduino returns is 1023, shouldn't you be dividing by 1023?
I am using a Raspberry Pi and want to convert 2 signals: the Energy in Joules on the cap bank and the power delivered to the load. Then I plan to display this info on a 7-seg after processing in the RPi. Would the 12 bit ADC in this video work for that application?
Hey, sorry for being off topic but can you answer on the arc lighter video, can we re-use the ccfl inverter from a scanner? I heard the voltage from a scanner ccfl inverter were low compared to a LCD ccfl inverter. I would also like deeper explanations regarding the pinout of the transformers on ccfl boards, and how you successfully rewind it. Thanks in advance.
I have no clue what you are talking about...worrying when this is called 'basic'!! Nevertheless I still watch everyone of your vids lol! If nothing else you make me want to learn which I guess is the whole point. Keep it up!
Good Video. Thanks. Can you suggest on converting analog video signals to digital. Say for ex: from Analog CCTV to IP CCTV using may be Orange Pi ?
Why was the signal being reconstructed with straight lines? My DSP class taught we use the lowest frequency sinusoid and that is why we worry about aliasing.
Try using voltage references that match bit resolution, I.e, 2.048V or 4.096V.
Scott du bist n geiler Leo, 4 Vorlesungen in einem Video erklärt!
What do you think about creating an adjustable switching bench power supply? Should be able to at least use the entire primary side of a PC power supply, since it boosts voltage to over 300 volts. You could either make a new secondary side, or just upgrade the secondary side with higher voltage rated caps and whatever other components need upgraded. The power monitor chip is probably just powered off the 5 volt stand-by transformer. Should be as simple as hooking up your secondary side's output to a variable voltage divider so the the voltage monitor chip always see's 12 volts; and, when you dived the voltage more the actual output goes up. i guess to get less than 12, you could use a simple linear regulator.
The Serial output makes the Arduino run slower.
That's why you have 9 kHz. Normally it takes 100 microseconds, so more something like 10 kHz to read analog inputs.
I wish you were my electrical engineering professors.
49TH
This was very useful to me! i couldnt figure it out! :D
you rock!