Number Theory | The GCD as a linear combination.

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  • Опубліковано 6 вер 2024
  • We prove that for natural numbers a and b, there are integers x and y such that ax+by=gcd(a,b). This is also called Bezout's Identity, although it was known by French Mathematician Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac over 100 years before Bezout.
    www.michael-penn.net

КОМЕНТАРІ • 72

  • @yashuppot3214
    @yashuppot3214 4 роки тому +59

    Wow, not only was that a completely different proof than the ones i have seen before, it was much more intuitive, thank you.

    • @MichaelPennMath
      @MichaelPennMath  4 роки тому +16

      Thanks, I just filmed and edited a video of this identity for polynomials. It should be up in a few days.

    • @ayandeepbharadwqj2605
      @ayandeepbharadwqj2605 4 роки тому

      Michael Penn thanx a lot for the proof

    • @XxXMrGuiTarMasTerXxX
      @XxXMrGuiTarMasTerXxX 3 роки тому

      Same thoughts here. Amazing proof!

    • @sounakroy1933
      @sounakroy1933 2 роки тому

      Best mathematicians combine intution without loss in generality.

  • @davidbrisbane7206
    @davidbrisbane7206 3 роки тому +23

    @3:30 ... I think this should be ... Since S is a nonempty set of positive integers, it has a minimum element d=ax+by by the *Well-ordering principle* rather than by the Archimedian principle.

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP 3 роки тому +9

    Greatest Common Divisor? More like Greatest, Coolest Description! Thanks so much for making all of these wonderful videos, and then sharing them.

  • @omarshaaban1887
    @omarshaaban1887 4 роки тому +11

    first time i've seen such an approach to this identity. amazing work! thank you from Lebanon

  • @tushargarg4742
    @tushargarg4742 4 роки тому +8

    I just started the book by Joseph Gallian and got stuck on this proof. This video is really helpful. Thanks a lot.

  • @georgesadler7830
    @georgesadler7830 2 роки тому +1

    Professor M. Penn ,thank you for a classic topic and selection of The GCD as a linear combination.

  • @hjdbr1094
    @hjdbr1094 4 роки тому +6

    Excelent proof. Huge thanks from Brazil!

  • @wl4131
    @wl4131 4 роки тому +5

    This guy does a good job talking through proofs. And from the videos I've watched, he subtlety gives motivation for definitions and theories. Which I think is a sizable pitfall in teaching modern mathematics.

    • @khbye2411
      @khbye2411 3 роки тому

      hello may I know what you mean by gives motivation for definitions and theories?

    • @wl4131
      @wl4131 3 роки тому +1

      @@khbye2411 hello, so in math sometimes we are presented with theories that seem to have no motivation. Often it’s the case, the more math we learn the clearer the reason for those theories. Hence motivation to declare an idea a theorem

  • @theunknown4209
    @theunknown4209 3 роки тому +1

    I'm working on Richard Hammack's book of proof and this video is a great compliment.

  • @atirmahmood7058
    @atirmahmood7058 5 місяців тому

    Sir your explanations just make fall in love

  • @CharbelGPT
    @CharbelGPT Рік тому +1

    Thank you for the hard work

  • @jamesfortune243
    @jamesfortune243 2 роки тому

    That proof was so intellectually satisfying!

  • @sabirseikh8569
    @sabirseikh8569 4 роки тому +3

    Finally found a proof huhh all the other UA-camrs are just giving examples

  • @tilek4417
    @tilek4417 4 роки тому +1

    Wow, I remember seeing this proof in my math circle and not really understanding anything.

  • @davidblauyoutube
    @davidblauyoutube 3 роки тому

    This is an ideal presentation.

  • @popcorn485
    @popcorn485 3 роки тому

    Nice! It took me a few watches, but I get it now. Excellent work thank you!

  • @holyshit922
    @holyshit922 Рік тому

    In the CLRS Introduction to algorithms there is recursive algorithm for this

  • @ibrahimkoz9881
    @ibrahimkoz9881 4 роки тому +2

    Great, thx a lot from Turkey.

  • @davidbrisbane7206
    @davidbrisbane7206 3 роки тому +2

    Is Michael on the bridge of the USS Enterprise?

  • @SANI-sp5gq
    @SANI-sp5gq 3 роки тому

    Congratulations for 100k familys of mathematics.

  • @markbracegirdle7110
    @markbracegirdle7110 2 роки тому

    You can illustrate this on a spreadsheet, iteratively subtracting the small number from the larger. Eventually one of them is zero, and the other must be the GCD.

  • @proofbybri6877
    @proofbybri6877 Рік тому

    Why do we get the contradiction for r

  •  5 місяців тому

    from Morocco all respects and thanks

  • @davidbrisbane7206
    @davidbrisbane7206 2 роки тому

    Alternatively, you can use the Euclidean Algorthm to compute the gcd(a, b) and then reverse all the steps to discover that ax + by = gcd(a, b), but this is less elegant and more tedious.

  • @JS-th1gi
    @JS-th1gi 3 роки тому

    Hands down best explanation

  • @temirlanmaratov4664
    @temirlanmaratov4664 Рік тому

    Thanks for all

  • @thomhughes4617
    @thomhughes4617 3 роки тому +2

    I’m a bit confused about having c|d implies d=gcd(a,b).
    Is it because we can apply this reasoning of c|d for any common divisor of a and b and the smallest number d for which this holds is by definition the gcd(a,b)?

    • @agrajyadav2951
      @agrajyadav2951 2 роки тому +1

      Hey! I know I'm slightly late, but since d divides a and b, and c also does that, and c divides d, that means d>=c (d,c€N). And since we didn't make any assumptions about c other than its a natural no that divides a and b, and yet, d is greater or equal to it, hence, its the greatest common divisor.
      I hope this was clear

  • @DataMan2247
    @DataMan2247 4 роки тому +2

    thanks from canada:)

  • @swatipandey7765
    @swatipandey7765 8 місяців тому

    hey sir can u say me how did the q come at 6:20 when using the division algorithm?

  • @kantaprasadsinha8025
    @kantaprasadsinha8025 3 роки тому

    Now, West aggressively started GCD as saying as Euclidean Algorithm.
    Thank u that you have not said that. Bezout' s identity is also named as Extended E Algorithm.

  • @ImranAhmed-kj9fz
    @ImranAhmed-kj9fz 3 роки тому +1

    thank you soo much ! from india

  • @ren5124
    @ren5124 Рік тому +1

    Could someone elaborate why r is less than d?

    • @willjohnston2959
      @willjohnston2959 8 місяців тому +1

      Think back to long division -- we keep going until the remainder is less than the divisor, otherwise we really haven't finished our division. For example, we don't say 53 divided by 4 is 10 with a remainder of 13, we say it is 13 with a remainder of 1. That is, we don't say 53 = 4(10) + 12, we say 53 = 4(13) + 1, where the r lies between 0 and 4.

  • @siraj522
    @siraj522 Рік тому

    Thank you

  • @gdudhdydhsudjdu6350
    @gdudhdydhsudjdu6350 9 місяців тому

    i don't understand. we want to proof a.xo + b.yo=d but again we use a.xo + b.yo =d why ???

  • @1princess111
    @1princess111 3 роки тому

    Amazing explanation!

  • @amnahali8171
    @amnahali8171 2 роки тому

    great explaination

  • @yousefalyousef59
    @yousefalyousef59 3 роки тому

    let:
    1/(a-b)(a+b)=A/(a+b)+B/(a-b)
    and form it
    ■A(a-b)+B(a+b)=1
    ■a(B+A)+b(B-A)=1
    Here are two cases of a Bezout's Lemma.
    say some thing about that.

  • @anonymoussloth6687
    @anonymoussloth6687 Рік тому

    why did you prove that d divides a through all that? you claimed that d is the gcd(a,b) so by definition d has to divide a right?

  • @lki3023
    @lki3023 3 роки тому

    Thank you Sir ☺

  • @wagsman9999
    @wagsman9999 3 роки тому

    thanks, very clear

  • @humester
    @humester 3 роки тому

    Can someone tell me why ax+by greater than 0 is a subset of the natural numbers. It seems to me that the expression would encompass all the natural numbers: 1, 2, 3, ... What am I not seeing?

    • @roflattheworld
      @roflattheworld 3 роки тому +1

      When he says 'subset of N', he does not necessarily mean that it is a strict/proper subset of N (that is, it *could* be N itself); however, it is yet unclear as to whether it is exactly N or just some part of N, noting that if it were always precisely N, then the proof would follow trivially (as gcd(a,b) is in N by definition).

    • @roflattheworld
      @roflattheworld 3 роки тому +3

      Consider a = 2, b = 4. Clearly - as we've defined that x,y are integers - any solution to our given form can only be an even integer, whereby we have at least one counterexample to S always being equivalent to N.

  • @gautamdebnathudp8535
    @gautamdebnathudp8535 3 роки тому

    Thanks from india .

  • @sanitizeyoureyes7841
    @sanitizeyoureyes7841 2 роки тому

    Thanks

  • @Artaxerxes.
    @Artaxerxes. 3 роки тому

    good.

  • @johnvandenberg8883
    @johnvandenberg8883 2 роки тому

    It’s the Well-Ordering Principle, not the Archemedian Principle 😃

  • @davidmeijer1645
    @davidmeijer1645 3 роки тому

    I’m still watching….until the Good Place to Stop…?!?

  • @lazyonigiri5665
    @lazyonigiri5665 8 місяців тому

    i don’t get it

  • @arnabroy2247
    @arnabroy2247 3 роки тому

    Why r is less than d ?

    • @davidbrisbane7206
      @davidbrisbane7206 2 роки тому

      Suppose a = 17 and d = 6, so d does not divide a, as 6 doesn't divide 17.
      But, you can write 17 = 6(2) + 5. Here a = 17, d = 6, r = 5. So, a = d(q) + r.
      Notice that r can't be 6, because if it were, then 17 = 6(2) + 6 = 6(3) and then 6 would divide 17, which it obviously doesn't.
      Similarly, r can't be zero, because if it could be, than we could find an integer q such that 17 = 6(q) + 0 = 6q, and clearly there is no integer q that satisfies 17 = 6q.
      Putting it all together we have a = d(q) + r, where 0

    • @sauravgupta4639
      @sauravgupta4639 2 роки тому +1

      @@davidbrisbane7206 as a sidenote, since the equation a = d.q + r is symmetric with respect to q, we can also write 0

  • @nahuelgomez7194
    @nahuelgomez7194 4 роки тому

    Great content!
    estas re mamado amigo

  • @AloeusCapitalManagem
    @AloeusCapitalManagem 4 роки тому +2

    dafuq just happened

  • @nivaanand984
    @nivaanand984 3 роки тому

    for what we found gcd,any use

    • @ranjitsarkar3126
      @ranjitsarkar3126 3 роки тому +2

      Never ask a mathematician for applications

    • @prathikkannan3324
      @prathikkannan3324 3 роки тому

      @@ranjitsarkar3126 it’s all for fun and glory :)

    • @davidbrisbane7206
      @davidbrisbane7206 2 роки тому

      The GCD is used for a variety of applications in number theory, particularly in modular arithmetic and thus encryption algorithms such as RSA. It is also used for simpler applications, such as simplifying fractions.

  • @lillianrose4658
    @lillianrose4658 3 роки тому

    The hysterical substance microcephaly prefer because advertisement physically risk amid a knowledgeable teacher. normal, tacky peripheral