Why Do HYBRID Tomatoes Perform Better? Hybrid VS Heirloom Seeds EXPLAINED!
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- Опубліковано 9 жов 2024
- For today's 2 minute garden tip, I explain the difference between hybrid vs open pollinated vs heirloom seeds. Have you ever wondered, why do hybrid tomatoes perform better? The answer is simple: nature, genetics and diversity. Learn why in this quick video!
Open pollinated seeds, and therefore heirloom seeds, are the product of controlled seed saving operations by humans and rarely occur under natural conditions. Humans breed genetic diversity out of seeds in our quest to stabilize varieties and preserve certain traits! Hybrid seeds mirror natural reproduction, so natural resistances to pests and disease are better preserved. The end result: hybrid tomatoes are naturally stronger plants than open pollinated tomatoes and heirloom tomatoes! For this reason, I'm growing tomatoes that are mostly F1 hybrids in my garden.
If you have questions about how to grow tomatoes in your backyard garden, growing a vegetable garden or growing fruit trees, want to know about the things I grow in my garden, are looking for more gardening tips and tricks and "garden hacks" like this, have questions about vegetable gardening and organic gardening in general, or want to share some DIY and "how to" garden tips and gardening hacks of your own, please ask in the Comments below!
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©2 Minute Garden Tips
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Are you a teacher or professor IRL because you explain things so well. I have been growing tomaotes for years and I never knew much of what I just learned in the last few minutes. Thank you!
I'm an engineer, so I just enjoy researching. It's part of the job.
Excellent video, as usual, full of great info!! So many people on line rave about Heirloom seeds. You've shed new light here for me. Thank you!!
Heirloom seed has a reputation because the heirloom varieties were generally saved for good tasting fruit, and many decades ago, there weren't many good tasting F1 hybrids. Now, there are so many fantastic F1 hybrids that there isn't a lot of good reason to grow heirlooms anymore. The reasons why folks grew heirlooms in 1991 aren't prevalent today.
Honestly I’d love to see you do a full length video on this topic. You explain things in a way that I can actually understand. I think it could be fun to experiment with breeding different varieties myself too.
Excellent video as usual!
I totally agree with you! I have this heirloom plant that had nothing but problems and the tomatoes were all weirdly shaped to the point that you couldn’t get a proper slice out of them. I’m in the F-1 Hybrid camp!!
Now that F1 hybrid taste has caught up to heirlooms, I don't see the advantage in growing heirlooms anymore. Yes, I still grow some, because I love trying new things, but I advise against making heirlooms foundational plants in your garden. They're too risky. Make the F1 hybrids your foundation, and grow a few heirlooms for fun so you don't have a lousy season if they fail.
@@2MinuteGardenTips I’m focusing on sauce tomatoes this year.
Just wanted to say I recently found this channel and I've really been enjoying your content.
Thank you! I'm glad you're enjoying it.
Sakura hybrid is very resistant to disease in my garden. All Sun golden already got some levels of diseases. Several black cherry still strong and several are dying. I am in Southern California
Thank you for all your productions. I'm going to go full hybrid this spring. The only seeds that did well last year were two pepper hybrids. We did have drought in MN but I planted about 25 other heirloom seeds and didn't get much of anything. Yes I did water them.
I really appreciate you clearing the air about hybrid tomatos. There's is nothing wrong with them & I am very pleased production on siletz and others you have suggested.
Happy 4th of July to you & keep on growing 👍
Thanks! For the record, Siletz is an open pollinated, stabilized tomato. It has fantastic flavored fruit and loves chilly weather, but it is a nightmare in heat. It is my first tomato to succumb to heat and disease. But it is fantastic in March and April!
@@2MinuteGardenTips well good thing up north by lake has been epic cold this June. I still am waiting on 1st red but really enjoying your suggestions the plants are loaded so waiting for a red one. Now hitting humidity so will see what it does or doesn't do. I really appreciate the varieties you suggested.
This is an excellent example of counterintuitive. Thank you so much for the informative video.
It's true! In nature, the chances of a variety ever stabilizing is slim, because there would be cross-pollination occurring constantly. It's stable open pollinated and heirloom varieties that are products of human intervention and highly controlled breeding operations. The F1 crosses are pure nature at work!
I love the information you share! Thanks and may God Bless you and your beloveds 🦋
Thank you for watching! I appreciate it!
This was very educational thank you!
Glad it was helpful! Thank you for watching!
Splendid and Peaceful Independence day there
Thanks for watching!
Thanks for that garden tip! 😊👍💥💥💥
You're welcome!
I’m going to plant mainly determinate hybrids next year. I’m still on the fence about growing dwarfs again because while they’re great tasting, their production is very low out here in the AZ desert. If you find a more heat resistant dwarf, please let me know. Cheers!
Same I live in a part oz az that has a late freeze so you can't plant early but the heat comes too fast before and flowers drop.
@@larissaorozco3255 This past May was a lot hotter than last year, which had a negative affect on the tomato fruit set. I might make a hoop house and heat to get the tomatoes out even earlier because so far the time, effort, and money hasn't been worth it. I tried close to 20 different varieties again trying to find one that does well out here, but no luck so far. I'm probably going to grown only determinate heat set varieties next year. I have about six different Sakata varieties that I'll plant next year, and four of these I'm going to plant this month to see if I can get a second harvest. I probably should stick with vegetable that grow well out here like okra, summer squash, cucumbers, beans, and small chili peppers but can't help trying to grow tomatoes. Cheers!
Have you try to put a 40% sunblock chase cloth. I know is a pain to set them up but here in central Florida the heat and humidity is overwhelming. So far is working for me. Good luck.
@@teresadelgado1372 I have the plants under 40% shade cloth and mulched with coco coir. Next year I’m going to install a drip kit I bought, so maybe that will help. I’m going to plant fewer tomato plants next year an concentrate on growing vegetables I’ve had more success with like beans, cucumbers, okra, summer squash, and small chili peppers. Thank you for the suggestions and have a great weekend!
Very interesting!😃
From your advice I have a few Super Sweet 100 sprouts growing for fall harvest.😃
You'll enjoy them. They're a benchmark cherry tomato. They don't have the amazing flavor of a Sun Gold, but boy are they productive.
One question, wouldn't restoring the dominant genes also likely remove some of the recessive traits that we like? Like colour, taste, lack of seeds? Love your channel, you're very good at explaining things. You must read a lot to learn all this stuff about gardening.
Thanks for clearing the myth on hybrid seeds. I always thought it just meant a 50/50 such as mother/father genes for mortal offspring or as in a closer example for plants....the hybrid of animals. My dogs are siblings yet they look nothing alike. Appreciate your time. ~ Covah
Hybrid animals mean something very different than hybrid seeds. Hybrid animals usually imply a cross between two species, like Lion + Tiger = Liger. Hybrid seeds, as in an F1 hybrid tomato, simply mean a natural cross. However, when it comes to fruits like citrus, hybrid actually does mean a cross between two species! My Excalibur Red Lime is a cross between a lime and a kumquat, so it gets *very* confusing.
@@2MinuteGardenTips Quite honestly, it's all confusing. I enjoy experimenting with many aspects in one's life so gardening is just 1 of many.
I love Black Krim tomatoes but the blight devastates them. I found in the mountains of Ecuador a tomatoes plant growing with absolutely no blight. It was extremely healthy and with no disease. It is a wild tomatoe with delicious fruit up to about marble size. I took some fruit and started the seeds. I also started the Krims at the same time. Could someone tell me if it would be better to use the tomatoes for rootstock for the Krims or should I attempt to cross the 2 tomatoes??
My issue is hybrid seeds are so expensive and hard to find. And isn’t it true that you can’t regrow new plants from saved seeds?
I'm not a geneticts but as far as I understand, you can save the seeds, but they won't neccessarily be like the F1 plant. The genetics get rejumbled and the seedlings you end up with can all be different than their parent and eachother.
But saving hybrid seeds and then selecting the best/with the desired trait from the F2s, and breeding those on down a few iterations, is essentially how you make a new tomato breed. Of course by "stabilizing" those gentics you are artificially limiting the gene pool and could run into the same diseases resistance issues addressed in this video.
I remember reading a blog post by someone who created their own "landrace" of tomatoes. One year they grew many different varieties, hybrids and heirlooms, and saved all the seeds. I believe they then sprinkled them around and let them sprout naturally and kept whichever plants were looking healthy, but they may have started some inside as well. Essentially they let nature do the selecting, which tended towards desease resistance and hardiness to their specific climate. So after like 7 years of this the gene pool in their landrace had settled to just a few variations of a hardy, prolofic tomato, well suited for the area.
Hybrid seeds aren't expensive, in general. Most of them are priced within 20% of heirloom seeds. If you want to grow really new hybrids with weird stripes and shapes that were just created, you'll pay through the nose for those, but longstanding hybrids like Celebrity, Big Beef, Better Boys, Bella Rosa and others are cheap. Yes, you can plant hybrid seed, but they will have small variations in them and won't grow exactly the same as the original seed.
@@2MinuteGardenTips thanks for the info. I’ve only been growing my own crops in my small fenced in yard since last November. I’ve learned a ton from your channels and Mark at Self Sufficient Me. Appreciate all the great content you provide! You’re knowledge is extremely helpful for self starters. Thanks again!
Nice,,👍
I have small determinate hybrid tomatoes indoors as the growing season in Calgary, Canada is short and weather events inconsistent. Do they still need support? The package says no, but I heard another channel say that determinate ones should get support too.
Determine tomatoes will benefit from staking. All you need is a 4 ft wooden stake or a piece of rebar to tie them up. The problem is they can become so laden with fruit that the branches will break or the plants themselves will collapse and lie on the ground, which is bad for the fruit and the plants (it encourages rot, pest damage and disease). My favorite way to support determinates is Florida Weave if you have rows of them: ua-cam.com/video/YzWSLs2kwI0/v-deo.html
I just started the tomato journey and now my brain is totally twisted
My point in making this video is not to drink the "Heirloom Kool-Aid." Heirlooms used to be all the rage, because the old hybrids decades ago weren't very good tasting. Now, modern hybrids are so good-tasting that there isn't really much reason for the layman to struggle growing disease-prone heirlooms. I grow mostly F1 hybrids because the taste is just as good, and the production, split resistance and disease resistance is superior for the reasons mentioned.
@@2MinuteGardenTips Thank you. That simplifies it for me. Hybrid's it is.
Wow man what a choice for a two minute video lol. This to me may be your only controversial video. You speak so well and everything you say comes out like you are saying definite facts. I feel like you left out alot of details on plant breeding and really made a leap that seemed to say very factually that wild bred plants are trash. That's a bold stance bro haha. I love your videos, but I feel like you should expand this and maybe baby step to the whole mother nature breeds trash fruit thing lol.
I’m not sure where you got the impression that “wild bred plants are trash.” I’m stating that F1 hybrid varieties mirror how tomatoes pollinate in the wild, and that’s why they are stronger plants. Open pollinated tomatoes are human creations, and they’re the product of inbreeding, so they lose the natural disease resistance that wild tomatoes have.
Do you do anything to protect your soil when your tomatoes get diseases between seasons?
I plant tomatoes in half my garden one season and in the other half the other season. That rotation is all I really do. My climate is impossible to protect against tomato disease. It'll never happen growing out in the open. All you can do is regularly spray to keep the plant's growth ahead of the disease long enough to get a decent harvest before the rains come and destroy every tomato in the garden.
So is it ok to plant hybrid tomatoes next to heirloom? Will it affect the seed saving of my herilooms in any way?
If you plant more than one variety and they cross pollinate, the seeds won’t be true. It doesn’t matter if you plant 2 heirlooms next to each other. If a bee flies from one plant to the other, you’ll get hybridization. Heirlooms require intense man-made protections to be preserved. There are no heirlooms in nature 😊
@@2MinuteGardenTips thanks for the info!
I don't agree, the genes that make a fruit appealing for human consumption are not the same genes that will make the plant more attractive to pests, or less resistant to them. F1 hybrids are more vigorous and pest resistant because of heterosis, in short, the genetical diversity caused by mixing 2 different strands which are genetically distant to each other. Also F1 hybrids seeds usually are made out of mother plants which already have the pest resistance genes. Both, open pollinated, and hybrids are natural, you can find natural populations of open pollinated fruits in nature, which are basically clones of each other. Also, I don't see the point of growing F1 hybrids in a home garden, cause they are selected to be super productive and pest resistant, and have a long shelf life, but selecting those genetics in plants, usually means sacrificing the genes that make the most flavorful fruits. Investing a lot of money and time in growing tomatos, to end up with almost the same quality I'd get from a random supermarket ones have no sense. I'd prefer to deal with the pests, and have a tomato that will only last 3 days after harvest, but taste amazing, than be free of pest, and get a big load ofsupermarket tomatos
Open pollinated fruits in nature do not last unless they are grown in total isolation. Otherwise, it is inevitable they will cross-pollinate and form F1, F2, F3, etc. The F1 hybrids sold are very careful selections. Humans cross only the best varieties together to artificially increase the chances of good tasting fruit, and even still, the overwhelming majority of crosses produced are burned and thrown out because of how lousy they are. Despite all the human interference to try and artificially select the best genes for taste and disease resistance, almost all that is produced isn't worthy of being sold. This is why F1 hybrid seed is so much more expensive - the good cross that people actually want to consume is the exception, not the rule. The traits we desire are the very traits that insects desire, too. It doesn't just taste better to us. Insects want unnaturally large, unnaturally sweet fruits, too. The modern fruits we eat barely resemble their wild ancestors. Otherwise, we'd still be eating crabapples.
@@2MinuteGardenTips But most of the insects that damage tomato plants aim for their leafs or stems, not the fruit. The fact that a tomato gets attacked by pest is more related to not being resistant to it, than just being delicious. I don´t think every open polinated plant is good, but most of the best quality ones are heirloom varieties. F1s aren´t bad just for being F1s either, they are bad cause they breed them thinking only in yield, pest resistance, and shelf life, and not taste.
I planted 50 tomato plants, both heirloom and hybrid. No tomatoes yet. Now it's too hot 100 F.
It's important to plant your tomatoes as early as possible in hot zones. If you have conditions where your summers average above 90 in the day and above 70 during the evening, you have to plant them so they flower and fruit when highs are in the 70's and 80's and lows are in the 50's and 60's. Most tomatoes will not pollinate in hot weather, so you need to find a way to start seeds earlier and plant them earlier. You'll also want to invest in shade cloth.
Not sure how Biology is being taught in the US, but you got quite many things wrong, i.e.:
A self-pollinated tomato is not a clone.
Plants actually strife to make their fruits attractive, so that they are being eaten and seeds spread further away - I have yet to hear from pests (with eyes) being attract by beauty/color.
Saying that F1 is more natural is quite bold. F1 breeds are selected by their outcome/performance, requiring plenty crossings and testing. (I.e. for an apple-tree) to be just considered for further evaluation, hundreds of other candidates already bit the dust. Also the "risk" in nature of breeding in another tomato-variety naturally is less than 10% (probably 5% or so).
ASO ...
A self-pollinated tomato that is open pollinated and stabilized will make seed that IS a clone. That is the entire point of commercial open pollinated seed. Those seeds can be saved true to type. Hybrids that self-pollinate are not clones, because they are not stabilized. That is the core concept of this video.
You are confounding birds and mammals. Birds can spread seed, because they lack a central nervous system and their bodies do not digest the seeds in many cases. This is different from insects and mammals. Insects spread disease by eating fruit from plant to plant, and mammals *do* digest seed, which is why many seeds contain lectins to irritate the digestive systems of animals with central nervous systems. It is not advantageous to attract mammals and insects. Birds have wildly different color vision and can see *far* beyond the visible light spectrum. Bird vision is *much* more vibrant than mammalian or insect vision, so there is no need to be extra vibrant to benefit the plant. It benefits the plants to be dull to mammals, because the colors will still POP to birds.
F1’s are absolutely more natural. Whether breeders trial multiple crosses until they find a good one is totally irrelevant. The cross itself is perfect. F1 hybrids are exactly as nature intended, and a controlled cross is no different than a natural cross as far as nature is concerned. What is *not* natural is the stabilization process that breeders undergo to create open pollinated varieties, because the likelihood of that occurring in nature is very low.
You may want to revisit some of these concepts.
@@2MinuteGardenTips Look it up my friend - a clone has identical genes, while breeds (and a self-pollinated one is such) do not.
Edit: Just saw that there came more ... I give up, revisit a biology-curse.
Growing Some drarfs in 25 gallons. We shall see.
I've grown dwarf tomatoes many times in grow bags. I've found #7 bags are fine for dwarf and determinate varieties with daily watering. The #20's and #25's are good for full-sized indeterminates. If you need space, I think you can scale them down if you don't mind watering daily.
You might want to look a little deeper. The only tomato that grows for you is that strange tomato??!!??
Why do the cardinals and mockingbirds peck holes in all my tomatoes! Come on!
They're thirsty. Set a bird bath up for them and keep the water full and clean.
@@2MinuteGardenTips I thought the same thing. It’s been 107 in central TX . But I have two bird baths, that I clean and fill daily. I also have three large feeders for them. It’s very strange they are doing this. At first it was only the ripe fruit. Now they peck holes in any fruit shaped thing they see. Including some of the peppers and squash! I sit and watch them commit crimes against the garden . Guess I’m Gonna have to get a net.
Got some hybrids and some hierlooms. I like the variety.
Variety isn't dictated by whether something is a hybrid or an heirloom. You can grow one or the other exclusively and have an incredible amount of variety. You should grow what grows well in your area. Different types of tomatoes will succeed in your area where others fail, and it's important to evaluate what produces the best fruits.